JP2018168280A - Method of manufacturing coke - Google Patents
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本発明は、成型炭の粉化を抑制することで、高い生産性でコークスを製造するコークスの製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a coke production method for producing coke with high productivity by suppressing powdering of coal.
高炉に装入されるコークスを製造する設備として室炉式コークス炉が広く使用されてきている。長年の使用によって老朽化している室炉式コークス炉には、複数の炭化室のうち、炉壁が損耗するなどして補修のために休止せざるを得ない炭化室が存在する場合がある。その場合、稼働可能な炭化室で従来と同程度の生産量を確保するべく、乾留時間に対する石炭装入量で表されるコークスの生産性を向上させることが望ましい。 As a facility for producing coke charged into a blast furnace, a room-type coke oven has been widely used. In a furnace-type coke oven that has become obsolete due to long-term use, there may be a carbonization chamber that must be stopped for repairing due to wear of the furnace wall among a plurality of carbonization chambers. In that case, it is desirable to improve the productivity of the coke expressed by the amount of coal charged with respect to the carbonization time in order to ensure the same amount of production as before in an operable carbonization chamber.
特許文献１には、炭化室に装入される石炭の全てを、粘結力指数が７０〜９０であり、全膨張率が４０以下である非微粘結炭を４０質量％以上配合した配合原料炭を成型して得られる成型炭にしてコークスを製造する技術が開示されている。そして、炭化室に装入される石炭の全てを粉炭とした場合の石炭装入量を１とすると、炭化室に装入される石炭の全てを成型炭とすると石炭装入量は０．９となる一方で、装入される石炭の全てを粉炭とした場合の乾留時間を１とすると、全てを成型炭とした場合の乾留時間は０．７〜０．８に短縮されるので、全てを成型炭とした場合のコークス生産性は、全てを粉炭とした場合の１．１〜１．３倍となることが開示されている。 In Patent Document 1, all the coal charged into the carbonization chamber is blended with 40% by mass or more of non-slightly caking coal having a caking strength index of 70 to 90 and a total expansion coefficient of 40 or less. A technique for producing coke by forming coal obtained by molding raw coal is disclosed. Then, assuming that the coal charge when all the coal charged into the carbonization chamber is pulverized coal is 1, if all the coal charged into the carbonization chamber is formed coal, the coal charge is 0.9. On the other hand, if the carbonization time when all the coal to be charged is powdered coal is 1, the carbonization time when all the coal is formed is reduced to 0.7 to 0.8, It is disclosed that coke productivity when using coal as a coal is 1.1 to 1.3 times that when using coal as a whole.
また、特許文献２には、石炭原料中の成型炭の割合を７０〜９５質量％とし、石炭原料中の粉状炭の割合を５〜３０質量％とすることで、コークスの生産性を向上できることが開示されている。 In Patent Document 2, coke productivity is improved by setting the proportion of coal coal in the coal raw material to 70 to 95 mass% and the proportion of pulverized coal in the coal raw material to 5 to 30 mass%. It is disclosed that it can be done.
特許文献１によれば、炭化室に装入される石炭の全てを成型炭とすることで、粉状炭を炭化室に全量装入した場合よりもコークスの生産性を向上できる。また、特許文献２によれば、炭化室に装入する成型炭の割合を７０〜９５質量％にすることで、粉状炭を炭化室に全量装入した場合よりもコークスの生産性を向上できる。しかしながら、強度の低い成型炭を用いると、炭化室装入時の衝撃により成型炭が破壊、粉化されて炭化室内の成型炭の割合が減少し、コークスの生産性を向上できない可能性がある。この成型炭の粉化を抑制するためには、成型炭の強度を高めることが考えられるが、成型炭の強度を高めるには、添加するバインダーを増やすことが必要になり成型炭の製造コストが増加する。 According to Patent Document 1, by making all the coal charged into the carbonization chamber into molded coal, the productivity of coke can be improved as compared with the case where the entire amount of powdered coal is charged into the carbonization chamber. Moreover, according to patent document 2, the productivity of coke is improved compared with the case where all the amount of pulverized coal is charged into a carbonization chamber by making the ratio of the molding coal charged into a carbonization chamber into 70-95 mass%. it can. However, if low-strength coal is used, the coal may be destroyed and pulverized due to impact during charging of the carbonization chamber, reducing the proportion of coal in the carbonization chamber, which may not improve coke productivity. . In order to suppress the pulverization of the coal, it is conceivable to increase the strength of the coal. However, to increase the strength of the coal, it is necessary to increase the binder to be added and the production cost of the coal is increased. To increase.
本発明は、上記の事情を鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、成型炭の製造コストの上昇を抑制しながら、炭化室装炭時の成型炭の粉化を抑制できる方法で装炭してコークスを製造するコークスの製造方法を提供することにある。 This invention is made in view of said situation, The place made into the objective is the method which can suppress pulverization of the forming coal at the time of carbonization chamber coalification, suppressing the raise of the manufacturing cost of forming coal. An object of the present invention is to provide a coke production method for producing coke by carbonization.
このような課題を解決するための本発明の特徴は、以下の通りである。
（１）粒径が１５ｍｍを超える成型炭をコークス炉の炭化室に装炭車から装入して乾留するコークスの製造方法であって、前記成型炭を２種以上の異なる強度に成型し、強度が高い成型炭から順に前記炭化室に装入する、コークスの製造方法。
（２）粒径が１５ｍｍを超える成型炭をコークス炉の炭化室に装炭車から装入して乾留するコークスの製造方法であって、前記成型炭を２種以上の異なる強度に成型し、それぞれの成型炭について、落下高さと粉化比率の割合の関係を求め、それぞれの成型炭を、前記装炭車から前記炭化室の炉底までの落下高さ、または、前記装炭車から前記炭化室にすでに装入された成型炭層の上面までの落下高さが、前記落下高さと粉化比率の割合の関係に基づいて求めた成型炭の粉化比率が目標値となる落下高さより低くなった後に前記炭化室に装入する、コークスの製造方法。
（３）前記成型炭は、前記装炭車から前記炭化室の炉底までの高さを落下させた場合に粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％以下となる強度の高い成型炭と、前記装炭車から前記前記炭化室の炉底までの高さを落下させた場合に粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％を超える強度の低い成型炭と、を含み、前記強度の高い成型炭を炭化室に装入し、前記装炭車から前記炭化室にすでに装入された成型炭層の上面までの落下高さが、前記強度の低い成型炭の粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％以下になる落下高さよりも低くなった後に、前記強度の低い成型炭を前記炭化室に装入する、（１）または（２）に記載のコークスの製造方法。
The features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1) A method for producing coke in which coking coal having a particle size of more than 15 mm is charged into a coking chamber of a coke oven from a charcoal car and dry-distilled, wherein the coking coal is molded into two or more different strengths, A method for producing coke, in which the charcoal chamber is charged in order from a high-coal coal.
(2) A method for producing coke in which coking coal having a particle size of more than 15 mm is charged into a coking chamber of a coke oven from a charcoal truck and dry-distilled, wherein the coking coal is molded into two or more different strengths, As regards the coals, the relationship between the drop height and the ratio of the pulverization ratio was determined, and the respective coals were dropped from the coal-car to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber, or from the coal-car to the carbonization chamber. After the fall height to the upper surface of the already formed coal coal layer is lower than the fall height at which the coal powder pulverization ratio obtained based on the relationship between the fall height and the ratio of the pulverization ratio is lower than the target value A method for producing coke, which is charged into the carbonization chamber.
(3) When the height from the charcoal vehicle to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber is dropped, the coal is a strong coal that has a strength of 20% by mass or less with a pulverization ratio of 15 mm or less. And a low-strength cast charcoal with a pulverization ratio exceeding 20% by mass when the particle size is 15 mm or less when the height from the charcoal vehicle to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber is dropped, and High strength coal is charged into the carbonization chamber, and the drop height from the charcoal vehicle to the upper surface of the coal layer already charged in the carbonization chamber is such that the particle size of the low strength coal is 15 mm or less. The method for producing coke according to (1) or (2), wherein the low-strength cast charcoal is charged into the carbonization chamber after the falling ratio becomes lower than 20% by mass or less.
本発明の実施により、強度の低い成型炭を用いる場合でも、装炭時の成型炭の粉化を抑制できる。これにより、成型炭の製造コストの上昇を抑制しつつ、炭化室装炭時の成型炭の粉化を抑制できる。 By carrying out the present invention, it is possible to suppress the pulverization of the coal at the time of coal loading even when the coal having a low strength is used. Thereby, pulverization of the forming charcoal at the time of carbonization chamber charcoal control can be controlled, suppressing a raise of the manufacturing cost of forming charcoal.
まず、室炉式コークス炉を用いて原料炭を乾留してコークスを製造する工程について説明する。図１は、コークス炉の斜視図である。コークス炉１は、蓄熱室が複数並べられて構成される蓄熱部２、及び、蓄熱部２の上に炭化室３と燃焼室４を複数有し、炭化室３と燃焼室４とは交互に隣接して並べられている。炭化室３と燃焼室４との上を、装炭車５がコークス炉１の炉長手方向Ｌに沿って走行する。図示は省略しているが、炭化室３の上壁には、装入孔が、コークス炉１の炉短手方向Ｓに沿って複数形成されており、装入孔を通じて、原料炭が炭化室３に装入される。炭化室３の両側には窯口３ａが設けられており、図示は省略しているが、窯口３ａは脱着可能な炉蓋で覆われている。炭化室３の一方の窯口３ａ側には押出機６が配置され、他方の窯口３ａ側にはガイド車８が配置され、押出機６とガイド車８とが炉長手方向Ｌに沿って走行する。 First, a process for producing coke by dry distillation of raw coal using a chamber furnace type coke oven will be described. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a coke oven. The coke oven 1 has a heat storage unit 2 configured by arranging a plurality of heat storage chambers, and a plurality of carbonization chambers 3 and combustion chambers 4 on the heat storage unit 2. The carbonization chambers 3 and the combustion chambers 4 are alternately arranged. Adjacent to each other. The charcoal vehicle 5 travels along the furnace longitudinal direction L of the coke oven 1 over the carbonization chamber 3 and the combustion chamber 4. Although not shown, a plurality of charging holes are formed in the upper wall of the coking chamber 3 along the short-side direction S of the coke oven 1, and the raw coal is carbonized through the charging holes. 3 is charged. A kiln opening 3a is provided on both sides of the carbonization chamber 3, and although not shown, the kiln opening 3a is covered with a removable furnace lid. An extruder 6 is disposed on the side of one kiln 3a of the carbonization chamber 3, a guide wheel 8 is disposed on the other side of the kiln 3a, and the extruder 6 and the guide wheel 8 extend along the furnace longitudinal direction L. Run.
炭化室３では、装入された原料炭が乾留されてコークスとなる。原料炭を乾留するために、蓄熱部２の各蓄熱室から燃料ガスを燃焼室４に供給し燃焼させて、燃焼熱を燃焼室４に隣接する炭化室３に伝えることで、炭化室３を加熱する。燃焼室４での燃焼熱が隣接する炭化室３に伝わり、炭化室３の温度が上昇し、原料炭が乾留される。乾留が終了した後に、窯口３ａから炉蓋を取外し、押出機６の押出ラムを炭化室３に挿入し、押出ラムで、石炭の乾留で得られるコークスを炭化室３から押し出して、押出機６の反対側にあるガイド車８で受け止める。ガイド車８の下側には、蓄熱部２の前を炉長手方向Ｌに沿って走行可能な消火車９が配置されて、ガイド車８から消火車９がコークスを受ける。次いで、消火車９は、コークスを所定の場所まで移動する。 In the carbonization chamber 3, the charged raw coal is dry-distilled into coke. In order to dry-distill the raw coal, fuel gas is supplied from each heat storage chamber of the heat storage section 2 to the combustion chamber 4 and burned, and the combustion heat is transmitted to the carbonization chamber 3 adjacent to the combustion chamber 4, thereby Heat. The combustion heat in the combustion chamber 4 is transmitted to the adjacent carbonization chamber 3, the temperature of the carbonization chamber 3 rises, and the raw coal is carbonized. After the dry distillation is completed, the furnace lid is removed from the kiln opening 3a, the extrusion ram of the extruder 6 is inserted into the carbonization chamber 3, and the coke obtained by the dry distillation of coal is extruded from the carbonization chamber 3 with the extrusion ram. It is received by a guide car 8 on the opposite side of 6. A fire extinguisher 9 that can travel along the furnace longitudinal direction L in front of the heat storage unit 2 is disposed below the guide car 8, and the fire extinguisher 9 receives coke from the guide car 8. Next, the fire extinguisher 9 moves the coke to a predetermined location.
コークスを押出機６で押し出して、炭化室３が空となったら、装入孔を通じて装炭車５から再び原料炭を炭化室３に装入し乾留してコークスとし、コークスを炭化室３から押し出すという工程を繰り返して、コークス炉の操業を行う。 When coke is extruded by the extruder 6 and the carbonization chamber 3 becomes empty, the raw coal is again charged into the carbonization chamber 3 from the coal-coating vehicle 5 through the charging hole, and is dry-distilled into coke, and the coke is extruded from the carbonization chamber 3. This process is repeated to operate the coke oven.
本実施形態に係るコークスの製造方法では、炭化室３へ装入される原料炭として粒径が１５ｍｍを超える２種以上の異なる強度の成型炭を用いて、強度が高い成型炭から順に炭化室３に装入する。すなわち、炭化室３に成型炭が装入されてなく、装入時の落下高さが高い場合には強度の高い成型炭を炭化室３に装入する。これにより、成型炭装入時の衝撃による成型炭の粉化を抑制できる。 In the method for producing coke according to the present embodiment, two or more kinds of differently shaped coals having a particle size of more than 15 mm are used as raw coals charged into the carbonization chamber 3, and the carbonization chambers are sequentially ordered from the highest strength coals. 3 is charged. That is, when the coal char is not charged into the carbonization chamber 3 and the drop height at the time of charging is high, the coal charcoal chamber 3 is charged with high strength coal. Thereby, the pulverization of the forming charcoal due to the impact at the time of charging the forming charcoal can be suppressed.
一方、炭化室３に成型炭が装入されて装入時の落下高さが低い場合には強度の低い成型炭を炭化室３に装入する。炭化室３に成型炭が装入されることによって、成型炭の落下高さが低くなるとともに炭化室３に装入された成型炭による緩衝効果により、装入時に成型炭にかかる衝撃が緩和される。このため、炭化室３に強度の高い成型炭が装入された後であって、成型炭装入時の落下高さが低くなった後には、製造コストが低廉な強度の低い成型炭を炭化室３に装入する。これにより、成型炭製造コストの上昇を抑制できる。 On the other hand, when the coal is charged into the carbonization chamber 3 and the drop height at the time of charging is low, the coal with a low strength is charged into the carbonization chamber 3. When the charcoal chamber 3 is charged with coal, the falling height of the charcoal is lowered, and the buffering effect of the charcoal charged in the carbonization chamber 3 reduces the impact on the charcoal during charging. The For this reason, after the high strength coal is charged into the carbonization chamber 3 and the drop height at the time of charging the coal is low, carbonization of low strength coal with low manufacturing cost is performed. Charge into chamber 3. Thereby, an increase in the cost of forming coal can be suppressed.
なお、本実施形態における粒径とは、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１−１に準拠した公称目開きの篩を用いて篩分けされた粒径であり、例えば、粒径が１５ｍｍを超えるとは、ＪＩＳ Ｚ ８８０１−１に準拠した公称目開き１５ｍｍの篩を用いて篩上に篩分けされる粒径を意味し、１５ｍｍ未満とは公称目開き１５ｍｍの篩を用いて篩下に篩分けされる粒径を意味する。 In addition, the particle diameter in this embodiment is a particle diameter screened using the sieve of the nominal opening based on JISZ8801-1, for example, when a particle diameter exceeds 15 mm, it is JISZ8801. Means a particle size sieved on a sieve using a sieve with a nominal opening of 15 mm in accordance with -1, and less than 15 mm means a particle diameter sieved under a sieve using a sieve with a nominal opening of 15 mm means.
このように、成型炭装入時の落下高さが高い場合には、炭化室３に強度の高い成型炭を装入し、成型炭装入時の落下高さが低い場合には、炭化室３に強度の低い成型炭を装入する。これにより、成型炭の製造コストの上昇を抑制しつつ、成型炭の粉化を抑制できる。 Thus, when the fall height at the time of charging the charcoal is high, the carbonization chamber 3 is charged with high strength charcoal, and when the fall height at the time of charging the charcoal is low, the carbonization chamber 3 is charged with low strength coal. Thereby, pulverization of the forming coal can be suppressed while suppressing an increase in the manufacturing cost of the forming coal.
次に、成型炭の強度と、落下高さと、成型炭の粉化比率の関係を確認した成型炭の装入実験について説明する。図２は、成型炭の装入実験に用いた試験容器１０の斜視図である。試験容器１０は、幅寸法Ｌ１が４３０ｍｍ、高さ寸法Ｌ２が７５２０ｍｍ、長さ寸法Ｌ３が３０２０ｍｍの矩形の容器であり、高さ寸法Ｌ２は、一般的なコークス炉の炭化室に石炭を装入する場合の石炭の落下高さと同程度の高さを有している。試験容器１０の上面には開口部１２が設けられ、側面には、高さ１ｍごとに開閉可能な窓１４が複数設けられている。 Next, a charging experiment of forming coal in which the relationship between the strength of the forming coal, the drop height, and the pulverization ratio of the forming coal is confirmed will be described. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the test container 10 used in the charging experiment of the coal char. The test container 10 is a rectangular container having a width dimension L1 of 430 mm, a height dimension L2 of 7520 mm, and a length dimension L3 of 3020 mm, and the height dimension L2 is charged with coal in a carbonization chamber of a general coke oven. It has the same height as the falling height of coal. An opening 12 is provided on the upper surface of the test container 10, and a plurality of windows 14 that can be opened and closed every 1 m in height are provided on the side surface.
成型炭の装入実験では、試験容器１０の開口部１２から成型炭を装入する。装入する成型炭は、縦４４ｍｍ、横４４ｍｍ、高さ３６ｍｍのマセック型の成型炭である。成型炭の圧潰強度は、バインダーであるＳＯＰの添加量を変えることで１．９ｋＮ、１．７ｋＮ、１．１ｋＮ、０．７ｋＮに調整した。成型炭の圧潰強度は、圧縮試験機を用いて圧縮速度１ｍｍ／ｍｉｎで成型炭を圧縮して測定される最大強度を圧潰強度とした。 In the charcoal charging experiment, the charcoal is charged from the opening 12 of the test container 10. The charcoal to be charged is Macek type charcoal having a length of 44 mm, a width of 44 mm, and a height of 36 mm. The crushing strength of the coal was adjusted to 1.9 kN, 1.7 kN, 1.1 kN, and 0.7 kN by changing the amount of SOP as a binder. For the crushing strength of the coal, the maximum strength measured by compressing the coal at a compression speed of 1 mm / min using a compression tester was defined as the crushing strength.
試験容器１０を満たすまで開口部１２から成型炭を６ｔ装入した後、側面に設けられた窓１４から成型炭を採取し、成型炭の粉化比率を測定した。なお、本実施形態において、試験容器１０の窓１４から採取した全成型炭のうち、目開き１５ｍｍの篩を用いて篩下に篩分けられた成型炭は粉状炭になったとして、成型炭の粉化比率を、篩下質量と、全成型炭質量と、下記（１）式を用いて算出した。
粉化比率（質量％）＝［篩下質量（ｋｇ）／全成型炭質量（ｋｇ）］×１００・・（１）
After 6t of coal was charged from the opening 12 until the test container 10 was filled, the coal was collected from the window 14 provided on the side surface, and the pulverization ratio of the coal was measured. In the present embodiment, among all the coals collected from the window 14 of the test container 10, the coals that have been sieved under a sieve using a sieve having a mesh opening of 15 mm are changed to powder coals. The pulverization ratio was calculated using the mass under sieving, the total coal mass, and the following equation (1).
Pulverization ratio (mass%) = [mass under sieve (kg) / total coal mass (kg)] × 100 (1)
図３は、成型炭の粉化比率と、落下高さの関係を示すグラフである。図３において、横軸は、粉化比率（質量％）であり、縦軸は、落下高さ（ｍ）である。図３によれば、落下高さが高くなるにつれて粉化比率は増加し、圧潰強度の高い成型炭は、粉化比率が低くなり、圧潰強度の低い成型炭は、粉化比率が高くなることがわかる。一般的なコークス炉の炭化室３に装入する際の高さである約８ｍの落下では、圧潰強度が１．７ｋＮ以上の成型炭では粉化比率が２０質量％以下となるが、圧潰強度が１．７ｋＮ未満の成型炭では粉化比率が２０質量％より大きくなった。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the pulverization ratio of cast charcoal and the drop height. In FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents the powdering ratio (mass%), and the vertical axis represents the drop height (m). According to FIG. 3, the pulverization ratio increases as the drop height increases, and the coal with high crushing strength has a low pulverization ratio, and the coal with low crushing strength has a high pulverization ratio. I understand. With a drop of about 8m, which is the height when charging into the carbonization chamber 3 of a general coke oven, the pulverization ratio is 20% by mass or less for the coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN or more. However, in the case of coal with less than 1.7 kN, the pulverization ratio was greater than 20% by mass.
特許文献２によれば、炭化室３に装入された成型炭の割合を７０〜９５質量％にすることで高い生産性でコークスを製造できることが開示されている。例えば、炭化室３に成型炭を装入してコークスを製造する場合に、粉化比率を２０質量％以下に抑えることができれば、炭化室３の成型炭の割合を７０〜９５質量％の範囲内にすることができる。このため、炭化室３に成型炭が装入されてなく、落下高さが約８ｍである場合には、炭化室３に圧潰強度が１．７ｋＮ以上の成型炭を装入する。これにより、成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下に抑えることができ、炭化室３の成型炭の割合を７０〜９５質量％の範囲内にすることができる。 According to Patent Document 2, it is disclosed that coke can be produced with high productivity by setting the ratio of the coal coal charged in the carbonization chamber 3 to 70 to 95% by mass. For example, in the case where coke is produced by charging coal into the carbonization chamber 3, if the powdering ratio can be suppressed to 20% by mass or less, the proportion of the coal coal in the carbonization chamber 3 is in the range of 70 to 95% by mass. Can be inside. For this reason, when the coal is not charged into the carbonization chamber 3 and the drop height is about 8 m, the carbonization chamber 3 is charged with coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN or more. Thereby, the pulverization ratio of the charcoal can be suppressed to 20% by mass or less, and the ratio of the charcoal in the carbonization chamber 3 can be within the range of 70 to 95% by mass.
一方、圧潰強度が１．７ｋＮ未満である１．１ｋＮの成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下にするには、図３から成型炭の落下高さを５．５ｍ以下にすればよいことがわかる。同じく、圧潰強度が１．７ｋＮ未満である０．７ｋＮの成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下にするには、成型炭の落下高さを４．２ｍ以下にすればよいことがわかる。 On the other hand, in order to reduce the pulverization ratio of 1.1 kN coal, whose crushing strength is less than 1.7 kN, to 20% by mass or less, the fall height of the coal should be 5.5 m or less from FIG. I understand. Similarly, it can be seen that, in order to reduce the pulverization ratio of 0.7 kN coal with a crushing strength of less than 1.7 kN to 20% by mass or less, it is necessary to set the fall height of the coal to 4.2 m or less.
これらのことから、例えば、装炭車５から炭化室３の炉底までの落下高さ８．０ｍのコークス炉において、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの高強度の成型炭と、圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの低強度の成型炭を用いた場合では、まず、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を高さ２．５ｍまで炭化室３に装入し、次に、圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭を炭化室３の上部まで装入することで、炭化室３に装入された成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下にできることがわかる。 For these reasons, for example, in a coke oven with a drop height of 8.0 m from the coal loaded vehicle 5 to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber 3, a high strength coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN and a low crushing strength of 1.1 kN are obtained. In the case of using high-strength coal, first, the coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is charged into the carbonization chamber 3 up to a height of 2.5 m, and then the coal with a crushing strength of 1.1 kN is introduced into the carbonization chamber 3. It turns out that the powdering ratio of the charcoal charged into the carbonization chamber 3 can be reduced to 20% by mass or less by charging up to the upper part.
また、例えば、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの高強度の成型炭と、圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの低強度の成型炭を用いた場合では、まず、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を高さ３．８ｍまで炭化室３に装入し、次に、圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭を炭化室３の上部まで装炭することで、炭化室３に装入された成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下にできることがわかる。 For example, in the case of using a high strength coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN and a low strength coal with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN, first, a coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is set to a height of 3.8 m. The carbonization chamber 3 is charged up to the next, and then the coal powder with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN is charged up to the upper part of the carbonization chamber 3 so that the pulverization ratio of the coal coal charged into the carbonization chamber 3 is 20 mass. It can be seen that it can be reduced to less than%.
このように、本実施形態に係るコークスの製造方法においては、装炭車５から炭化室３の炉底までの高さを落下させた場合に粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％以下となる圧潰強度の高い成型炭と、炭化室３の炉底までの高さを落下させた場合に粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％を超える強度の低い成型炭とを用いて、まず、圧潰強度の高い成型炭から炭化室３に装入し、装炭車から炭化室３にすでに装入された成型炭層の上面までの落下高さが、圧潰強度の低い成型炭の１５ｍｍ以下の粉化比率が２０質量％以下となる高さよりも低くなった後に、圧潰強度の低い成型炭を炭化室に装入する。上述したように、圧潰強度の低い成型炭を用いることで成型炭の製造コストの上昇を抑制できるので、成型炭の製造コストの上昇を抑制しつつ、成型炭装入時の成型炭の粉化を抑制できる。さらに、成型炭の粉化を抑制して成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下とし、炭化室３に装入された成型炭の割合を７０〜９５質量％にすることで、高い生産性でコークスを製造できる、という効果が得られる。 Thus, in the manufacturing method of the coke which concerns on this embodiment, when the height from the charcoal vehicle 5 to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber 3 is dropped, the pulverization ratio in which the particle size becomes 15 mm or less is 20% by mass. A coal with a high crushing strength and a coal with a low strength exceeding 20% by mass when the particle size becomes 15 mm or less when the height to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber 3 is dropped. First, the carbonized coal 3 is charged from the coal with high crushing strength, and the fall height from the charcoal vehicle to the upper surface of the coal coal layer already charged in the carbonizing chamber 3 is low. After the pulverization ratio of 15 mm or less becomes lower than the height at which the pulverization ratio is 20% by mass or less, the coal with low crushing strength is charged into the carbonization chamber. As mentioned above, since the increase in the manufacturing cost of coal can be suppressed by using the coal with low crushing strength, pulverization of the coal at the time of charging the coal is suppressed while suppressing the increase in the manufacturing cost of the coal. Can be suppressed. Furthermore, by suppressing the pulverization of the coal, the pulverization ratio of the coal is 20% by mass or less, and the ratio of the coal to be charged in the carbonization chamber 3 is 70 to 95% by mass, so that high productivity is achieved. Can produce coke.
図４は、２種類の成型炭を装入した場合の成型炭の粉化比率と、落下高さの関係を示すグラフである。図４において、横軸は粉化比率（質量％）であり、縦軸は落下高さ（ｍ）である。図４の実線は、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験容器１０に３ｔ装入し、次に、圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭を試験容器１０に３ｔ装入した場合の粉化比率を示す。また、図４の破線は、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験容器１０に３ｔ装入し、次に、圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験容器１０に３ｔ装炭した場合の粉化比率を示す。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the pulverization ratio of the coal and the drop height when two types of coal are charged. In FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the powdering ratio (mass%), and the vertical axis represents the drop height (m). The solid line in FIG. 4 shows the pulverization ratio when 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is charged into the test vessel 10 and then 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 1.1 kN is charged into the test vessel 10. Show. Also, the broken line in FIG. 4 indicates pulverization in the case where 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is charged into the test container 10 and then 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN is loaded into the test vessel 10. Indicates the ratio.
圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を３ｔ装入し、次に、圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭を３ｔ装入した場合には、試験容器１０に圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭が４．０ｍまで装入されるので、圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭の落下高さは４．０ｍになる。このように、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験容器１０に半分装入することで、圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭の落下高さを５．５ｍ以下にできるので、図４に示すように、成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下にすることができた。 When 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is charged and then 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 1.1 kN is charged, 4.0 m of coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is placed in the test container 10. Therefore, the fall height of the coal with a crushing strength of 1.1 kN is 4.0 m. Thus, by inserting half of the coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN into the test vessel 10, the falling height of the coal with a crushing strength of 1.1 kN can be reduced to 5.5 m or less, as shown in FIG. In addition, the powdering ratio of the coal was reduced to 20% by mass or less.
また、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を３ｔ装入し、次に、圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭を３ｔ装入した場合には、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭が４．０ｍまで装入されるので、圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭の落下高さは４．０ｍになる。このように、圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験容器１０に半分装入することで、圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭の落下高さを４．２ｍ以下にできるので、図４に示すように、成型炭の粉化比率を２０質量％以下にすることができた。 In addition, when 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is charged, and then 3 tons of coal with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN is charged, the coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is charged to 4.0 m. Therefore, the falling height of the coal with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN is 4.0 m. In this way, by placing half of the coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN into the test vessel 10, the falling height of the coal with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN can be reduced to 4.2 m or less, as shown in FIG. In addition, the powdering ratio of the coal was reduced to 20% by mass or less.
なお、本実施形態において、成型炭の強度を圧潰強度で示したが、これに限られない。成型炭の強度として、圧潰強度に代えて、トロンメル強度やＩ型ドラム強度などの回転強度、シャッター強度、落下試験によって求められる粉率を用いてもよい。また、本実施形態では、２種の圧潰強度の成型炭を用いた例を示したが、これに限られず、２種以上の異なる圧潰強度の成型炭を用いて、圧潰強度の高い成型炭から順に炭化室３に装入することで、成型炭の製造コストの上昇を抑制しながら、炭化室装炭時の成型炭の粉化を抑制できる。 In addition, in this embodiment, although the intensity | strength of the forming charcoal was shown by the crushing intensity | strength, it is not restricted to this. As the strength of the forming charcoal, instead of the crushing strength, rotational strength such as trommel strength and I-type drum strength, shutter strength, and powder rate determined by a drop test may be used. Moreover, in this embodiment, although the example using 2 types of crushing strength coals was shown, it is not restricted to this, From 2 or more types of coals with different crushing strengths, By charging into the carbonization chamber 3 in order, powdering of the coal at the time of carbonization chamber coalification can be suppressed while suppressing an increase in the production cost of coal coal.
上記の例では、装炭車のホッパーの成型炭切り出し口から炭化室３の炉底までの落下距離が８．０ｍであり、成型炭の粉化比率の目標値を２０％以下とした例について説明したが、これに限られない。特に、成型炭の粉化比率の目標値は、求められるコークスの生産性の向上度合いに応じて任意の値としてよい。コークス原料として用いる成型炭について、予め落下高さと粉化比率の関係を求めておけば、その関係に基づいて、粉化比率の目標値となる落下高さを定めることができる。そして、それぞれの成型炭を、装炭車から炭化室３の炉底まで、または、炭化室３にすでに装入された成型炭層の上面までの落下高さが、粉化比率の目標値となる落下高さよりも低くなった後に装炭室３に装入すれば、成型炭の粉化比率は目標値より小さくなり、炭化室装炭時の成型炭の粉化を好適に抑制できる。 In the above example, an example is described in which the fall distance from the coal severing opening of the hopper of the charcoal vehicle to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber 3 is 8.0 m and the target value of the coal pulverization ratio is 20% or less. However, it is not limited to this. In particular, the target value of the pulverization ratio of the charcoal may be an arbitrary value according to the required degree of improvement in coke productivity. If the relationship between the drop height and the pulverization ratio is obtained in advance for the coal used as the coke raw material, the drop height that is the target value of the pulverization ratio can be determined based on the relationship. And the fall height from the coal car to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber 3 or the top surface of the coal coal layer already charged in the carbonization chamber 3 becomes the target value of the pulverization ratio. If the charging chamber 3 is charged after being lower than the height, the pulverization ratio of the formed coal becomes smaller than the target value, and the pulverization of the formed coal during the carbonization chamber charging can be suitably suppressed.
成型炭は、一般に粉砕した石炭をバインダーと混合し、成形機を用いて成型することによって製造される。成型炭の強度には、バインダーの量、バインダーの種類、成型条件、水分量、石炭の粒度などが影響するので、これら因子を変更することによって成型炭の強度は変更できる。また、成型炭には、石炭以外に、粉コークス、オイルコークス類、粘結材、プラスチック類、油類、バイオマスなどが含まれていてもよい。 Coal coal is generally produced by mixing pulverized coal with a binder and molding it using a molding machine. Since the strength of the coal is affected by the amount of binder, the type of binder, the molding conditions, the amount of water, the particle size of the coal, etc., the strength of the coal can be changed by changing these factors. In addition to coal, coking coal may include powdered coke, oil coke, caking material, plastics, oils, biomass, and the like.
次に、コークス炉の炭化室に２種類の圧潰強度の成型炭を装炭して乾留を行い、コークスを製造した実施例を説明する。図５は、コークス炉の上面模式図である。本実施例では、２種類の異なる圧潰強度の成型炭を、圧潰強度の高い順に試験窯２６に装入する。このため、成型工場２０では、圧潰強度の低い成型炭と、圧潰強度の高い成型炭とが成型される。成型工場２０で成型された圧潰強度の低い成型炭は、例えば、石炭塔２２に搬送され、圧潰強度の高い成型炭は、例えば、石炭塔２４に搬送される。装炭車５は、まず、石炭塔２４から圧潰強度の高い成型炭を受け取り、試験窯２６に半分装入する（１回目装炭）。次に、装炭車５は、石炭塔２２から圧潰強度の低い成型炭を受け取り、試験窯２６に半分装入し（２回目装炭）、試験窯２６内で成型炭を乾留してコークスを製造した。表１に本実施例における装炭条件および評価結果を示す。 Next, an example will be described in which coke is produced by coking two types of crushing strength coal into a coking chamber of a coke oven and performing dry distillation. FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the coke oven. In this embodiment, two types of coals having different crushing strengths are charged into the test kiln 26 in descending order of crushing strength. For this reason, in the molding factory 20, molding coal with low crushing strength and molding coal with high crushing strength are molded. The coal with low crushing strength molded at the molding factory 20 is conveyed to, for example, the coal tower 22, and the coal with high crushing strength is conveyed to, for example, the coal tower 24. First, the charcoal vehicle 5 receives cast coal with high crushing strength from the coal tower 24, and half-charges it into the test kiln 26 (first charcoal). Next, the charcoal vehicle 5 receives coal with low crushing strength from the coal tower 22, and half-charges it into the test kiln 26 (second charcoal), and carbonizes the charcoal in the test kiln 26 to produce coke. did. Table 1 shows the coal loading conditions and evaluation results in this example.
表１における「１回目装炭」の列は、１回目に試験窯２６に装炭した成型炭の圧潰強度（ｋＮ）を示す。「２回目装炭」の列は、２回目に試験窯２６に装炭した成型炭の圧潰強度（ｋＮ）を示す。「押出負荷」の列は、押出ラムを駆動するモータにかかる電流値を用いて算出したコークスの押出し性を示す指標であって、比較例１を１００として規格化した値を示す。「乾留」の列に示した「○」は、比較例１と同じ乾留時間で成型炭が十分に乾留されたことを示し、「×」は、比較例１と同じ乾留時間で成型炭が十分に乾留されなかったことを示す。 The column of “1st Charcoal” in Table 1 indicates the crushing strength (kN) of the cast charcoal that was first loaded in the test kiln 26. The column “2nd Charcoal” indicates the crushing strength (kN) of the coal that was loaded in the test kiln 26 the second time. The column of “extrusion load” is an index indicating the extrudability of coke calculated using the current value applied to the motor driving the extrusion ram, and shows a value normalized with Comparative Example 1 as 100. “◯” shown in the column of “Cryogenic distillation” indicates that the coal was sufficiently carbonized at the same carbonization time as in Comparative Example 1, and “X” indicates that the coal is sufficient at the carbonization time as in Comparative Example 1. Indicates that it was not carbonized.
比較例１では、１回目装炭および２回目装炭ともに圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入して乾留した。比較例１は、押出負荷の増加も見られず、成型炭は十分に乾留されていた。しかしながら、圧潰強度が１．７ｋＮの成型炭を全量用いているので、成型炭製造時にバインダーの使用量が増加し、成型炭の製造コストが上昇した。 In Comparative Example 1, cast coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN was charged into the test kiln 26 and dry-distilled for both the first and second coals. In Comparative Example 1, no increase in the extrusion load was observed, and the coal was sufficiently dry distilled. However, since the entire amount of coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN is used, the amount of binder used during the production of coal is increased, and the production cost of coal is increased.
比較例２では、１回目装炭および２回目装炭ともに圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入して乾留した。比較例２では、１回目の装炭時に成型炭が粉化し、試験窯２６の底部において成型炭の嵩密度が上昇した。このため、コークスと炉壁との隙間が減少して押出負荷が増加し、また、成型炭の嵩密度が上昇したために、成型炭が十分に乾留されなかった。 In Comparative Example 2, cast coal having a crushing strength of 1.1 kN was charged into the test kiln 26 and dry-distilled for both the first and second coals. In Comparative Example 2, the coal was pulverized during the first coal loading, and the bulk density of the coal was increased at the bottom of the test kiln 26. For this reason, the gap between the coke and the furnace wall was reduced, the extrusion load was increased, and the bulk density of the coal was increased, so that the coal was not sufficiently dry-distilled.
比較例３では、１回目装炭および２回目装炭ともに圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入して乾留した。比較例３では、１回目の装炭時に成型炭が粉化し、試験窯２６の底部において成型炭の嵩密度が上昇した。このため、コークスと炉壁との隙間が減少して押出負荷が増加し、また、成型炭の嵩密度が上昇したために、成型炭が十分に乾留されなかった。 In Comparative Example 3, cast coal having a crushing strength of 0.7 kN was charged into the test kiln 26 and dry-distilled for both the first and second coals. In Comparative Example 3, the coal was pulverized during the first coal charging, and the bulk density of the coal was increased at the bottom of the test kiln 26. For this reason, the gap between the coke and the furnace wall was reduced, the extrusion load was increased, and the bulk density of the coal was increased, so that the coal was not sufficiently dry-distilled.
発明例１では、１回目装炭で圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入し、２回目装炭で圧潰強度１．１ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入して乾留した。発明例１では、押出負荷の増加も見られず、成型炭は十分に乾留されていた。また、２回目装炭では、圧潰強度が１．１ｋＮの成型炭を用いているので、成型炭製造時におけるバインダーの使用量を抑制でき、成型炭の製造コストの上昇も抑制できた。 In Invention Example 1, the first charcoal is charged with a coal having a crushing strength of 1.7 kN into the test kiln 26, and the second charcoal is charged with a crushing strength of 1.1 kN into the test kiln 26 and dry-distilled. did. In Invention Example 1, no increase in extrusion load was observed, and the coal was sufficiently dry distilled. In addition, since the second coal was formed using a coal having a crushing strength of 1.1 kN, the amount of binder used during the production of the coal can be suppressed, and an increase in the manufacturing cost of the coal can be suppressed.
発明例２では、１回目装炭で圧潰強度１．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入し、２回目装炭で圧潰強度０．７ｋＮの成型炭を試験窯２６に装入して乾留した。発明例２では、押出負荷の増加も見られず、成型炭は十分に乾留されていた。また、２回目装炭では、圧潰強度が０．７ｋＮの成型炭を用いているので、成型炭製造時におけるバインダーの使用量を抑制でき、成型炭の製造コストの上昇も抑制できた。 In Invention Example 2, the first charcoal is loaded with coal with a crushing strength of 1.7 kN into the test kiln 26, and the second charcoal with crushing strength of 0.7 kN is loaded into the test kiln 26 and dry-distilled. did. In Invention Example 2, no increase in extrusion load was observed, and the coal was sufficiently dry distilled. Moreover, in the second round coal, since the coal with a crushing strength of 0.7 kN is used, the amount of binder used during the production of the coal can be suppressed, and an increase in the cost of manufacturing the coal can be suppressed.
１ コークス炉
２ 蓄熱部
３ 炭化室
３ａ 窯口
４ 燃焼室
５ 装炭車
６ 押出機
８ ガイド車
９ 消火車
１０ 試験容器
１２ 開口部
１４ 窓
２０ 成型工場
２２ 石炭塔
２４ 石炭塔
２６ 試験窯
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coke oven 2 Heat storage part 3 Carbonization chamber 3a Kiln opening 4 Combustion chamber 5 Charcoal vehicle 6 Extruder 8 Guide vehicle 9 Fire extinguisher 10 Test vessel 12 Opening 14 Window 20 Molding plant 22 Coal tower 24 Coal tower 26 Test kiln
Claims (3)
前記成型炭を２種以上の異なる強度に成型し、
強度が高い成型炭から順に前記炭化室に装入する、コークスの製造方法。 A method for producing coke in which coking coal having a particle size of more than 15 mm is charged into a coking chamber of a coke oven from a charcoal vehicle and dry-distilled,
Molding the charcoal into two or more different strengths,
A method for producing coke, which is charged into the carbonization chamber in order from a high strength coal.
前記成型炭を２種以上の異なる強度に成型し、
それぞれの成型炭について、落下高さと粉化比率の割合の関係を求め、
それぞれの成型炭を、前記装炭車から前記炭化室の炉底までの落下高さ、または、前記装炭車から前記炭化室にすでに装入された成型炭層の上面までの落下高さが、前記落下高さと粉化比率の割合の関係に基づいて求めた成型炭の粉化比率が目標値となる落下高さより低くなった後に前記炭化室に装入する、コークスの製造方法。 A method for producing coke in which coking coal having a particle size of more than 15 mm is charged into a coking chamber of a coke oven from a charcoal vehicle and dry-distilled,
Molding the charcoal into two or more different strengths,
For each charcoal, find the relationship between the drop height and the ratio of the pulverization ratio,
The falling height of each of the coals from the coal loading vehicle to the bottom of the carbonization chamber or the height of the fall from the coal loading vehicle to the upper surface of the coal formation layer already charged in the carbonization chamber A method for producing coke, wherein the carbonization chamber is charged after the powdered coal charcoal ratio obtained based on the relationship between the height and the powdered ratio is lower than the target drop height.
前記装炭車から前記前記炭化室の炉底までの高さを落下させた場合に粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％を超える強度の低い成型炭と、を含み、
前記強度の高い成型炭を炭化室に装入し、
前記装炭車から前記炭化室にすでに装入された成型炭層の上面までの落下高さが、前記強度の低い成型炭の粒径が１５ｍｍ以下となる粉化比率が２０質量％以下になる落下高さよりも低くなった後に、前記強度の低い成型炭を前記炭化室に装入する、請求項１または請求項２に記載のコークスの製造方法。 The molding charcoal is a high-strength molding charcoal having a pulverization ratio of 20% by mass or less when the particle size is 15 mm or less when dropping the height from the charcoal vehicle to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber;
A low-strength coal with a pulverization ratio exceeding 20% by mass when the particle size is 15 mm or less when the height from the charcoal vehicle to the furnace bottom of the carbonization chamber is dropped, and
Charging the high strength coal into the carbonization chamber,
The drop height from the charcoal vehicle to the upper surface of the coal layer already charged in the carbonization chamber is such that the powdering ratio at which the particle size of the low strength coal is 15 mm or less is 20% by mass or less. The coke production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the low-strength coal is charged into the carbonization chamber after the temperature becomes lower than the above.
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