JP2018167950A - Automatic physical distribution system - Google Patents

Automatic physical distribution system Download PDF

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JP2018167950A
JP2018167950A JP2017066073A JP2017066073A JP2018167950A JP 2018167950 A JP2018167950 A JP 2018167950A JP 2017066073 A JP2017066073 A JP 2017066073A JP 2017066073 A JP2017066073 A JP 2017066073A JP 2018167950 A JP2018167950 A JP 2018167950A
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智昭 清野
Tomoaki Seino
智昭 清野
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Toyo Kanetsu Solutions KK
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Abstract

To provide a physical distribution system automated in both warehousing and shipping of articles and saved in labor in order to meet an expansion in a quantity and a quality in physical distribution.MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM: The physical distribution system of the present invention comprises a stock storage mechanism of articles, a sorting mechanism for sorting the articles stored in the stock storage mechanism by item and throwing them into a conveyance container, a conveyance container storage mechanism for temporarily storing the conveyance container, and an article automatic delivery mechanism for shipping the conveyance container.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

本発明は、物流センターで物品を一時的に保管し、送付先に出荷するまでの一連の工程の自動化・省力化物流システムに関する。なお、本明細書において、物品とは、物品そのものだけでなく、物品を収納した容器や個々の物品を束ねたもの等、物流において取り扱う上での最小単位をいうものとする。   The present invention relates to an automated and labor-saving logistics system for a series of processes from temporarily storing articles at a logistics center to shipping them to a destination. Note that in this specification, an article refers to not only the article itself but also a minimum unit for handling in physical distribution such as a container storing the article or a bundle of individual articles.

物流における合理化は、生産・販売面のそれに比較すると立ち遅れていたが、物流の量的拡大は言うまでもなく、特にインターネットの普及による個人向け宅配ビジネスの拡大に見られる必要な時に必要な物品を手にしたいという質的拡大が、産業界だけでなく一般消費者でも強くなり、急速な物流合理化、すなわち、物流革命が要求され、推進されるようになってきた。   The rationalization in logistics has been delayed compared to that in production and sales, but not to mention the quantitative expansion of logistics. The qualitative expansion that we want to do has become stronger not only in the industrial world but also in general consumers, and rapid logistics rationalization, that is, the logistics revolution has been demanded and promoted.

従来、パレット上に物品を載せた荷姿の標準化とフォークリフトによる荷役の機械化が可能なパレチゼーションや標準化された容器(コンテナ)を利用して形や大きさの異なる物品を輸送するコンテナリゼーション等に代表される、個々の物品を一つにまとめた荷姿とし、最終目的地点まで荷姿を崩すことなく輸送し、収納するユニット・ロード・システムが、物流合理化の最も効果的な手法であるとして追及されてきたが、これだけでは、近年の物流の量的及び質的拡大に対応することが困難になってきた。   Conventionally, containerization that transports articles of different shapes and sizes using standardized containers (containers) and palletization that can standardize the packaging of articles on pallets and mechanize the handling of goods by forklifts. A unit load system that packs individual items into one package, represented by, etc., and transports and stores the goods without breaking the package to the final destination, is the most effective method for logistics rationalization. Although it has been pursued as being, it has become difficult to cope with the quantitative and qualitative expansion of physical distribution in recent years.

すなわち、このようなユニット・ロード・システムが物流合理化を達成するためには、物流の主要機能である、輸送、保管、荷役、包装が相互に有機的に結びつけられる必要がある。更に、物流の質的拡大を考慮すると、これらに紐付けられた情報に従って、入庫されてきた物品を正確かつ迅速に仕分けして出庫するように倉庫内を合理化することが不可欠である。   In other words, in order for such a unit load system to achieve the rationalization of physical distribution, it is necessary to organically link the main functions of physical distribution, such as transportation, storage, cargo handling, and packaging. Furthermore, in consideration of the qualitative expansion of physical distribution, it is essential to rationalize the inside of the warehouse so as to sort the goods that have been received correctly and quickly according to the information associated therewith.

このような観点に基づけば、近年、デジタルピッキングシステムや種々の立体自動倉庫システムが開発され、倉庫内の合理化が急速に進歩してきた。特に、コンピュータを用いて集約された膨大な物品情報等に基づいて、種々の制御システムが、物品等を整理、保管すると共に、仕分けできる立体自動倉庫が注目されている。   Based on such a viewpoint, in recent years, digital picking systems and various three-dimensional automatic warehouse systems have been developed, and rationalization in the warehouse has progressed rapidly. In particular, a three-dimensional automatic warehouse in which various control systems organize and store articles and the like and sort them based on a large amount of article information and the like aggregated using a computer attracts attention.

例えば、特許文献1には、格子状に組まれた支柱と梁で構成された棚板のない空間に隙間なく物品収納容器が積み上げられ、最上面の梁を縦横に走行可能で、垂直方向の物品移載機能を有する台車によって、水平方向及び垂直方向の物品移送が行われる立体自動倉庫システムが開示されている。また、特許文献2には、碁盤目状に配列した格納棚が直列または並列に配置され、並列配置された一対の格納棚間の各段に設けられた、水平に走行可能で、水平方向の物品移載機能を有する台車によって水平方向の物品移送が行われ、格納棚に隣接するように設けられた昇降機によって垂直方向の物品移送が行われる立体自動倉庫システムが開示されている。   For example, in Patent Document 1, article storage containers are stacked without gaps in a space without a shelf plate composed of support columns and beams assembled in a lattice shape, and the uppermost beam can be traveled vertically and horizontally. A three-dimensional automatic warehouse system is disclosed in which goods are transferred in the horizontal and vertical directions by means of a carriage having an article transfer function. Further, in Patent Document 2, storage shelves arranged in a grid pattern are arranged in series or in parallel, provided horizontally at each stage between a pair of storage shelves arranged in parallel, and can be run horizontally. A three-dimensional automatic warehouse system is disclosed in which goods are transferred in the horizontal direction by a carriage having an article transfer function, and goods are transferred in the vertical direction by an elevator provided adjacent to a storage shelf.

しかし、上記いずれの立体自動倉庫システムにおいても、倉庫内への物品の保管及び移送に関する自動化・省力化は進んでいるものの、入庫及び出庫における物品の仕分けについては、十分合理化されているとは言えない。確かに、物品の自動仕分け機構として、人を介さず短時間で、品種別や宛先別等に応じた物品の仕分けを正確に行うことができる各種ソーターを挙げることができるが、基本的には搬送機構に付帯するものであるため、順送りされる物品の大量の仕分けには適しているが、仕分けできる物品の種類、数量、大きさ、及び、仕分け先の数等が制限される。また、注文から出荷までの時間制御が困難であるため、出荷状況に適応した注文に基づく仕分け指示を行うことができず、物品を仮置きするスペースが必要であり、自動化・省力化されているが、物流の質的拡大に対する合理的な機構であるとは言えない。   However, in any of the above three-dimensional automatic warehouse systems, although automation and labor saving concerning the storage and transfer of goods in the warehouse are progressing, it can be said that the sorting of goods at the time of entering and leaving is sufficiently rationalized. Absent. Certainly, as an automatic sorting mechanism for articles, there are various sorters that can accurately sort articles according to varieties and destinations in a short time without human intervention. Since it is an accessory to the transport mechanism, it is suitable for sorting a large number of articles that are fed forward, but the type, quantity, size, number of sorting destinations, and the like that can be sorted are limited. In addition, because it is difficult to control the time from order to shipment, it is not possible to issue a sorting instruction based on an order adapted to the shipping situation, and a space for temporary placement of goods is required, which is automated and labor-saving. However, it cannot be said that it is a rational mechanism for the qualitative expansion of logistics.

また、立体自動倉庫内に物品を個別に仕分け格納する、物品の個片化という概念が認められない。従って、従来の立体自動倉庫に保管された物品から、注文に応じて出荷先毎に物品を集約するためには、数多くの人手を介して行われており、物品の個片化と集約化が完全に自動化されていない。   In addition, the concept of individualization of articles, in which articles are individually sorted and stored in a three-dimensional automatic warehouse, is not recognized. Therefore, in order to collect articles for each shipping destination according to an order from articles stored in a conventional three-dimensional automatic warehouse, it is carried out through a large number of human resources. It is not fully automated.

このような物品の個片化という課題に対して、特許文献3では、次のような仕分けシステムが提案されている。まず、注文に従って、保管庫から順送りされる仕分けされていない大量の物品から、特定の数量の特定の物品が特定の搬送容器に個別に仕分け格納され、すなわち、搬送容器に個片化される。次いで、この個片化された物品を含む搬送容器が搬送機構により自動的に送出され、格納棚に一時的に保管される。そして、注文の指示に従ってその格納棚から出荷される。   In order to deal with such a problem of individualization of articles, Patent Document 3 proposes the following sorting system. First, according to an order, a specific quantity of a specific article is individually sorted and stored in a specific transport container from a large number of unsorted articles that are sequentially fed from a storage, that is, separated into transport containers. Next, the transport container containing the separated articles is automatically sent out by the transport mechanism and temporarily stored in the storage shelf. Then, it is shipped from the storage shelf according to the order instruction.

このシステムは、確かに、各種ソーターを用い、順送りされる大量の物品を仕分けする場合の上記問題を解決し、立体自動倉庫内に物品を個別に仕分け格納する、物品の個片化という概念が認められるが、出荷工程において、いわゆる、人を介したデジタルピッキングが行われている。従って、このシステムによっても、物品の集約化において完全な自動化がなされておらず、未だ入庫から出庫までに必要とされる各システムを統合し、入庫されてきた物品を正確かつ迅速に仕分けして出庫することができる倉庫内の合理化・自動化を十分に達成しているとは言えない。   This system certainly solves the above-mentioned problem when sorting a large number of articles to be sequentially fed using various sorters, and has the concept of individualized articles that are individually sorted and stored in a three-dimensional automatic warehouse. As can be appreciated, so-called digital picking through people is performed in the shipping process. Therefore, even with this system, the automation of the integration of goods has not been done yet, and the systems required from warehousing to delivery are still integrated, and the goods that have been received are sorted accurately and quickly. It cannot be said that the warehouse has been fully streamlined and automated so that it can be issued.

国際公開1998/049075号公報International Publication No. 1998/049075 特開2011−178549号公報JP 2011-178549 A 特表2010−531796号公報Special table 2010-531796 gazette

本発明は、上述した物流の量的拡大及び質的拡大に対して、物品の入庫から出庫まで自動化・省力化された物流システムを提供することを目的とする。特に、本発明は、碁盤目状に配列した格納棚が直列または並列に配置され、並列配置された一対の格納棚間の各段に設けられた、水平に走行可能で物品移載機能を有する台車によって水平方向の物品移送が行われ、格納棚に隣接するように設けられた昇降機によって垂直方向の物品移送が行われる立体自動倉庫を活用した、物品の入庫から出庫まで自動化・省力化された物流システムの構築を目的とする。   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a distribution system that is automated and labor-saving from warehousing to unloading of goods for the above-described quantitative and qualitative expansion of physical distribution. In particular, the present invention has storage racks arranged in a grid pattern, arranged in series or in parallel, and provided in each stage between a pair of storage shelves arranged in parallel, and can move horizontally and has an article transfer function. Automated and labor-saving from entry to delivery of goods using a three-dimensional automatic warehouse where goods are transferred in the horizontal direction by means of carts and goods are transferred in the vertical direction by elevators installed adjacent to the storage shelves. The purpose is to build a logistics system.

本発明者らは、入庫された物品を保管庫に保管し、注文に応じてその保管庫から取り出された物品を品目毎に個別に搬送容器に選別して投入し、物品を個片化した後、その搬送容器を保管庫に一時的に格納し、出庫指示が出されると、出庫指示が出された物品が個片化されて格納されている搬送容器を出庫すると共に、出荷先毎に物品を集約する出荷容器が搬送され、搬送容器から出荷容器に自動的に投入されることによって、入庫から出庫までの物流が、自動化・省力化できることを見出し本発明の完成に至った。   The inventors have stored the received goods in a storage, and according to the order, the articles taken out from the storage are individually sorted into a transport container for each item and put into individual pieces. After that, when the shipping container is temporarily stored in the storage, and a shipping instruction is issued, the shipping container in which the goods for which the shipping instruction has been issued is separated and stored is shipped for each shipping destination. The present invention has completed the present invention by discovering that the distribution of goods from entry to delivery can be automated and labor-saving by transporting shipping containers for collecting articles and automatically loading them into the shipping containers.

本発明は、在庫されている物品から立体自動倉庫内に物品を個別に仕分け格納するという物品の個片化と注文に応じた物品の集約という物流システムを自動化したものである。すなわち、本発明は、物品の在庫保管機構と、在庫保管庫機構の物品を、品目毎に搬送容器に選別して投入する仕分け機構と、搬送容器を一時的に格納する搬送容器格納機構と、搬送容器を出庫する物品自動送出機構とを備えたことを特徴とする物流システムである。ここで、搬送容器に物品を収納するのは、物品の数量及び形状に係わらず、物流システムの物流機構を統一し、自動化・省力化を容易にすることを主たる目的としている。   The present invention automates a physical distribution system that separates articles into individual three-dimensional automatic warehouses from stocked articles and collects articles according to orders. That is, the present invention includes an inventory storage mechanism of articles, a sorting mechanism that sorts and puts articles of the inventory storage mechanism into transport containers for each item, a transport container storage mechanism that temporarily stores transport containers, It is a physical distribution system provided with an article automatic delivery mechanism for delivering a transport container. The main purpose of storing articles in the transport container is to unify the distribution mechanism of the distribution system and facilitate automation and labor saving regardless of the quantity and shape of the articles.

更に、本発明は、上記物品自動送出機構が、搬送容器に収納された物品を出荷容器に自動的に投入可能であることを特徴とする物流システムである。このように、搬送容器に収納された物品だけを出荷容器に移載することによって、空となった搬送容器が仕分け機構に戻すことができ、搬送容器及び出荷容器を効率的に使用することができるようになる。   Furthermore, the present invention is a physical distribution system in which the automatic article delivery mechanism can automatically put articles stored in a transport container into a shipping container. Thus, by transferring only the articles stored in the transport container to the shipping container, the transport container that has been emptied can be returned to the sorting mechanism, and the transport container and the shipping container can be used efficiently. become able to.

物品の在庫保管機構及び品目毎に選別された物品が個片化されている搬送容器を一時的に格納する搬送容器格納機構は、碁盤目状に配列した格納棚が直列または並列に配置され、並列配置された一対の格納棚間の各段に設けられた、水平に走行可能で、水平方向の、例えば、伸縮アームのような物品移載機構を有する台車によって水平方向の物品移送が行われ、格納棚に隣接するように設けられた昇降機によって垂直方向の物品移送が行われる立体自動倉庫や、碁盤目状に配列した格納棚が並列に配置された一対の格納棚間に、例えば、伸縮アームのような物品移載機構を有するスタッカクレーンによって、水平方向及び垂直方向の物品移送が行われる立体自動倉庫が用いられるが、各種コンベヤと連結できる立体自動倉庫であれば、特に限定されるものではない。   The stock storage mechanism of goods and the transport container storage mechanism for temporarily storing the transport containers in which the goods sorted for each item are separated into pieces, the storage shelves arranged in a grid pattern are arranged in series or in parallel, Articles in the horizontal direction are transported by a carriage provided in each stage between a pair of storage shelves arranged in parallel and capable of traveling horizontally and having an article transfer mechanism such as a telescopic arm in the horizontal direction. For example, a three-dimensional automatic warehouse in which articles are transferred in the vertical direction by an elevator provided adjacent to the storage shelf, or a pair of storage shelves arranged in parallel in a grid pattern, for example, expansion and contraction A three-dimensional automatic warehouse where goods are transferred horizontally and vertically by a stacker crane having an article transfer mechanism such as an arm is used. Not intended to be.

搬送容器に物品を個片化するための仕分け機構は、特に限定されないが、各種ソーターやロボットによる自動仕分けシステム用いて行うことができるが、手動仕分けシステムを用いても行うことができる。   The sorting mechanism for separating the articles into the transport container is not particularly limited, but can be performed using an automatic sorting system using various sorters or robots, but can also be performed using a manual sorting system.

搬送容器を自動的に出庫する物品自動送出機構は、各種ソーター、コンベヤバケットを傾ける各種傾動・旋回装置、方向変換機構を有するコンベヤ、ロボット等を組合わせて構築することができる。ここで、方向変換機構を有するコンベヤとは、物品の分岐及び合流する機能を発現できる各種機構を備えた装置であり、コンベヤに昇降式及び/又は回転式のローラやベルト等の方向変換させる機能部品を備えた装置、コンベヤ自体が回転する機能部品を備えた装置、コンベヤの側面に物品等の方向変換させる機能部品を備えた装置等、搬送装置で分岐搬送可能な一般的な装置を全て含み、特に、直角に分岐可能な搬送装置が好ましく、例えば、コンベヤに昇降式ローラやベルトの方向変換機能部品を備えているものを挙げることができる。   The automatic article delivery mechanism for automatically unloading the transport container can be constructed by combining various sorters, various tilting / swivel devices for tilting the conveyor bucket, a conveyor having a direction changing mechanism, a robot, and the like. Here, the conveyor having the direction changing mechanism is a device having various mechanisms capable of expressing the function of branching and joining the articles, and the function of causing the conveyor to change the direction of the lifting and / or rotating rollers and belts. Includes all general devices that can be branched and transported by a transport device, such as devices equipped with parts, devices equipped with functional parts that rotate the conveyor itself, and devices equipped with functional parts that change the direction of articles on the side of the conveyor. In particular, a conveying device capable of branching at right angles is preferable, and examples thereof include a conveyor equipped with a lifting roller and a belt direction changing functional part.

具体的な一実施形態としては、本発明の物品自動送出機構には、少なくとも、物品自動移載装置があればよい。しかし、次に示す目的のため、物品識別供給装置を備えていることが好ましく、更に、物品投入装置を備えていることがより更に好ましい。   As a specific embodiment, the automatic article delivery mechanism of the present invention only needs to have at least an automatic article transfer device. However, for the following purposes, it is preferable to include an article identification supply device, and it is even more preferable to include an article input device.

まず、本発明の物品自動送出機構に少なくとも必要な物品自動移載装置は、搬送容器に収納された物品を出荷容器に自動的に投入可能であるとするために、搬送容器を傾斜又は旋回させて物品だけを出荷容器に移載する傾動装置又は旋回装置から構成される。   First, at least an article automatic transfer device necessary for the article automatic delivery mechanism of the present invention tilts or swivels the transport container so that the article stored in the transport container can be automatically put into the shipping container. Thus, it is composed of a tilting device or a swiveling device for transferring only articles to the shipping container.

しかし、傾斜又は旋回させて物品を出荷容器に直接移載すると、物品に損傷を与えるという物流上の問題が発生する可能性が高くなるため、上述した傾動装置又は旋回装置に、物品に与える損傷を低減するためのシューター機構を付随させることが好ましい。   However, if the article is directly transferred to the shipping container by tilting or swiveling, there is a high possibility that a logistics problem of damaging the article will occur. It is preferable to accompany a shooter mechanism for reducing the above.

次いで、本発明の物品自動送出機構には、物品が出荷容器の適正な位置に投入されず、出荷容器に収納される物品の種類や数量が制限され、出荷容器の搬送安定性が損なわれるという問題を解決するため、物品識別供給装置が備えられていることが好ましく、物品投入装置が備えられていることがより更に好ましい。   Next, in the article automatic delivery mechanism of the present invention, the article is not put into an appropriate position of the shipping container, the kind and quantity of the article stored in the shipping container are limited, and the conveyance stability of the shipping container is impaired. In order to solve the problem, it is preferable that an article identification supply device is provided, and it is even more preferable that an article input device is provided.

物品識別供給装置は、物品自動移載装置の近傍に置かれる、例えば、コンベヤ等の搬送機構であって、物品の大きさや重量を検出可能なセンサーが設けられており、このセンサーの指示に従って、集荷容器の適正な位置に移載されるような、前後左右に駆動するガイド機構が設けられている。従って、搬送容器内の個別化された物品が、物品自動移載装置により物品識別供給装置に移載され、そこから直接出荷容器、或いは、物品投入装置を介して出荷容器に投入される。   The article identification supply device is placed in the vicinity of the article automatic transfer device, for example, a transport mechanism such as a conveyor, and is provided with a sensor capable of detecting the size and weight of the article. There is provided a guide mechanism that is driven back and forth and left and right so as to be transferred to an appropriate position of the collection container. Accordingly, the individualized articles in the transport container are transferred to the article identification supply apparatus by the automatic article transfer apparatus, and are directly input from there to the shipping container via the shipping container or the article input apparatus.

しかし、物品識別供給装置から出荷容器への物品の直接投入により、物品が損傷を受けることが考えられるため、物品投入装置を備えることがより更に好ましい。物品投入装置は、物品識別供給装置の後に配備され、物品識別供給装置から物品投入装置の適切な位置に移載された物品が、損傷を受けることなく出荷容器に移載されるように、物品が載置される底が開閉可能な昇降式バケット、リフターの昇降式アーム、及び、ロボットのようなハンドリング等を用いることができる。   However, since it is conceivable that the article may be damaged by the direct insertion of the article from the article identification supply device into the shipping container, it is more preferable to provide the article feeding device. The article input device is disposed after the item identification supply device, and the article transferred from the item identification supply device to an appropriate position of the article input device is transferred to the shipping container without being damaged. An elevating bucket capable of opening and closing the bottom on which the stool is placed, a lifting arm of a lifter, a handling like a robot, and the like can be used.

なお、物品投入装置を備えている場合、必ずしも物品識別供給装置を必要としない。物品自動移載装置から物品投入装置を介して、出荷容器に物品を投入することができる。   In addition, when the article input device is provided, the article identification supply device is not necessarily required. Articles can be loaded into the shipping container from the automatic article transfer device via the article loading device.

このように、本発明の物流システムは、在庫保管機構と、仕分け機構と、搬送容器格納機構と、物品自動送出機構とを備えているが、物品の運搬を自動化・省力化するため、これらが、それぞれ、運搬機構で接続されており、更に、入荷した物品の入庫機構と在庫保管機構とが接続され、出荷容器の出庫機構が物品自動送出機構と接続されていることが好ましい。特に、このような入庫機構、運搬機構、及び、出庫機構は、各種コンベヤであることがより好ましい。なお、運搬機構は、フォークリフトや走行式ロボット等の既存の運搬機構を用いることもできる。   As described above, the physical distribution system of the present invention includes the inventory storage mechanism, the sorting mechanism, the transport container storage mechanism, and the automatic article delivery mechanism. However, in order to automate and save labor, It is preferable that each is connected by a transport mechanism, and further, a storage mechanism for stocked goods and a stock storage mechanism are connected, and a delivery mechanism for shipping containers is connected to an automatic article delivery mechanism. In particular, it is more preferable that such a warehousing mechanism, a transporting mechanism, and a warehousing mechanism are various conveyors. The transport mechanism can be an existing transport mechanism such as a forklift or a traveling robot.

そして、以上の各機構から構成される物流システムにおいて、物品は、次のように流れる。   And in the physical distribution system comprised from the above each mechanism, goods flow as follows.

注文されうる物品は、在庫として在庫保管機構に予め保管されており、注文に応じて、在庫保管庫機構の物品を取り出し、仕分け機構に移送される。この仕分け機構では、注文された物品が、必要数量だけ、品目毎に個別に搬送容器に選別して投入される。   Articles that can be ordered are stored in advance in the inventory storage mechanism as stock, and the articles in the inventory storage mechanism are taken out and transferred to the sorting mechanism according to the order. In this sorting mechanism, the ordered items are individually sorted into the transport container for each item, and the necessary quantity is input.

次いで、この搬送容器は、搬送容器格納機構へと移送され、出庫指示が出るまで一時的に格納される。しかし、この搬送容器格納機構は、順送りされる物品の大量の仕分けに付随する問題、すなわち、仕分けできる物品の種類、数量、大きさ、及び、仕分け先の数等が制限されること、及び、注文から出荷までの時間制御が困難であるため、出荷状況に適応した注文に基づく仕分け指示を行うことができず、物品を仮置きするスペースが必要であることを解決する有効な手段である。また、出庫後の検品作業、梱包作業、及び、出荷便の状況に応じた物流の制御も可能なる。   Next, the transport container is transferred to the transport container storage mechanism and temporarily stored until a shipping instruction is issued. However, this transport container storage mechanism has problems associated with mass sorting of articles to be sequentially fed, that is, the type, quantity, size, and number of sorting destinations of articles that can be sorted are limited, and Since it is difficult to control the time from ordering to shipping, it is an effective means for solving the need for a space for temporarily placing an article because it is not possible to issue a sorting instruction based on an order adapted to the shipping status. Further, it is possible to control the physical distribution according to the inspection work, the packing work, and the status of the shipping service after the delivery.

出庫指示が出ると、搬送容器格納機構から注文された物品が収納された搬送容器が取り出され、物品自動送出機構で注文された物品が収納された搬送容器が出庫機構に送出される。好ましい形態として、物品自動送出機構が、物品自動移載装置と、物品識別供給装置と、物品投入装置とから構成される場合、物品自動移載装置から物品識別供給装置及び物品投入装置を経て、搬送容器に収納された物品だけが出荷容器に投入され、その後、出荷容器が出庫機構に送出される。   When the exit instruction is issued, the transport container storing the ordered article is taken out from the transport container storing mechanism, and the transport container storing the ordered article is sent out to the unloading mechanism by the automatic article delivery mechanism. As a preferred embodiment, when the automatic article delivery mechanism is composed of an automatic article transfer device, an article identification supply device, and an article input device, the automatic article transfer device passes through the article identification supply device and the article input device. Only the articles stored in the transport container are put into the shipping container, and then the shipping container is sent to the unloading mechanism.

このような物流システムは、公知の技術を用いて、コンピュータで集約された、入荷、入庫、出荷、出庫、及び、在庫等の膨大な物品情報を集約する中央情報システムに基づいて制御され、機能する。例えば、中央情報システムには、データ管理コンピュータ及びデータ制御コンピュータ等が連動するように備えられ、データ管理コンピュータが、在庫管理部、入庫管理部、出庫管理部を備えて、これらを管理し、データ制御コンピュータは、コンベヤ制御部、入庫制御部、仕分け制御部、出庫制御部等を備え、これらの制御システムが、公知のアルゴリズムによって作成されるプログラミングによって、運搬機構、移載機構、表示機構等のラインを機能的に連動するように制御する。例えば、コンベヤ制御部は運搬機構、自動投入機構、移載機構等を、入庫制御部は入庫機構、在庫保管機構を、仕分け制御部は注文に応じた自動仕分け機構や手動仕分けにおける表示機構等を、出庫制御部は出庫機構や搬送容器格納機構を制御する。   Such a distribution system is controlled based on a central information system that aggregates a large amount of article information such as receipt, receipt, shipment, delivery, and inventory, which is aggregated by a computer, using a known technology. To do. For example, the central information system includes a data management computer and a data control computer that are linked to each other, and the data management computer includes an inventory management unit, a warehousing management unit, and a warehousing management unit, and manages these data. The control computer includes a conveyor control unit, a warehousing control unit, a sorting control unit, a warehousing control unit, etc., and these control systems are configured by a well-known algorithm, such as a transport mechanism, a transfer mechanism, and a display mechanism. Control lines to be functionally linked. For example, the conveyor control unit has a transport mechanism, automatic loading mechanism, transfer mechanism, etc., the warehousing control unit has a warehousing mechanism and an inventory storage mechanism, and the sorting control unit has an automatic sorting mechanism according to the order and a display mechanism in manual sorting. The unloading control unit controls the unloading mechanism and the transport container storage mechanism.

本発明の物流システムにより、物品の入庫、入庫された物品の保管、保管された物品の仕分け、及び、仕分けされた物品の出庫等、これらに係わる運搬・移載・保管等の全ての機能及び機構が一元管理され、自動化・省力化することができるので、物流の量的拡大及び質的拡大に対応することが可能となる。   With the logistics system of the present invention, all functions such as warehousing of goods, storage of goods received, sorting of stored goods, and delivery of sorted goods, etc. Since the mechanism is centrally managed and can be automated and labor-saving, it is possible to cope with the quantitative and qualitative expansion of physical distribution.

本発明の物流システムの一実施形態に係る物品の全体的な流れを描いた概念図である。1 is a conceptual diagram depicting the overall flow of an article according to an embodiment of a physical distribution system of the present invention. 本発明の物流システムの一実施形態に係る物品自動送出機構を構成する装置及び物品の流れを示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows the apparatus which comprises the goods automatic delivery mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of the physical distribution system of this invention, and the flow of goods. 本発明の物流システムの一実施形態に係る在庫保管機構を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the inventory storage mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of the physical distribution system of this invention. 本発明の物流システムの一実施形態に係る搬送容器保管機構以降の搬送容器格納機構及び物品自動送出機構を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows the conveyance container storage mechanism after the conveyance container storage mechanism which concerns on one Embodiment of the physical distribution system of this invention, and an article | item automatic delivery mechanism. 本発明の物流システムの一実施形態に係る情報システムの概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram of the information system which concerns on one Embodiment of the physical distribution system of this invention.

以下、本発明を、一実施形態を用いてより詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。本発明の特許請求の範囲に記載した技術思想に基づいて実現可能な実施形態は数々あり、本発明は、この技術思想によってのみ限定されるものである。   Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail using one Embodiment, this invention is not limited to this. There are many embodiments that can be realized based on the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and the present invention is limited only by this technical idea.

図1は、本発明の物流システムの一実施形態に係る物品の全体的な流れを描いた概念図である。例えば、この図が、製品販売業者から委託された物品配送センターを示すものとする。物品配送センターでは、製品販売業者の物品情報に基づいて、種々の物品を入荷し、入庫機構を介して在庫保管機構に搬送し、それらの物品が仕分けされて容器に収納された状態で在庫として保管する。顧客からの注文が入ると、在庫保管機構から、注文された物品が収納された容器を取り出して、運搬機構を介して仕分け機構に搬送される。そこで、特定の搬送容器に、特定の品目毎に特定の数量が選別されて投入される。このように注文された物品が投入された搬送容器は、運搬機構を介して搬送容器格納機構に搬送され、一時的に格納される。   FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram depicting the overall flow of an article according to an embodiment of a physical distribution system of the present invention. For example, this figure shows an article distribution center entrusted by a product distributor. At the article distribution center, various articles are received based on the article information of the product distributor, transported to the inventory storage mechanism via the warehousing mechanism, and the articles are sorted and stored in containers as stock. store. When an order is received from a customer, the container storing the ordered article is taken out from the stock storage mechanism and is transported to the sorting mechanism via the transport mechanism. Therefore, a specific quantity for each specific item is sorted and put into a specific transport container. The transport container into which the ordered article is placed is transported to the transport container storage mechanism via the transport mechanism and temporarily stored.

この格納された搬送容器は、出庫指示が出されると、運搬機構を介して物品自動送出機構に搬送され、図2に示したように、搬送容器に収納されている注文された物品が、物品自動移載装置から物品識別供給装置及び物品投入装置をへて、出庫するための出荷容器に自動的に投入される。そして、この出荷容器は、出庫機構を介して出荷される。図2には記載されていないが、出庫されてきた物品の検品及び梱包が行われ、顧客の下に出荷にされる。   When the delivery instruction is issued, the stored transport container is transported to the automatic article delivery mechanism via the transport mechanism. As shown in FIG. 2, the ordered article stored in the transport container is The automatic transfer device passes through the article identification and supply device and the article input device, and is automatically put into a shipping container for delivery. And this shipping container is shipped via the delivery mechanism. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the goods that have been delivered are inspected and packed and shipped to the customer.

図3には、製品販売業者の物品情報に基づいて、種々の物品を入荷し、入庫機構を介して在庫保管機構に搬送し、それらの物品が仕分けされて容器に収納された状態で在庫として保管する在庫保管機構である立体自動倉庫が示されている。これは、碁盤目状に配列した在庫格納棚1が並列に配置され、並列配置された一対の格納棚1間の各段に設けられた、水平に走行可能で、水平方向の、例えば、伸縮アームのような物品移載機構を有する走行台車2によって水平方向の物品移送が行われ、在庫格納棚1に隣接するように設けられた物品載置搬送台4を備えた昇降機3によって垂直方向の物品移送が行われ、そして、水平方向及び垂直方向の自在な物品移送を介在する仮置き搬送台5によって走行台車2と物品載置搬送台4との物品の移載が行われるものである。   In FIG. 3, various articles are received based on the article information of the product distributor, transported to the inventory storage mechanism via the warehousing mechanism, and the articles are sorted and stored in a container as stock. A three-dimensional automatic warehouse that is an inventory storage mechanism for storage is shown. This is because the inventory storage shelves 1 arranged in a grid pattern are arranged in parallel, and provided horizontally at each stage between a pair of storage shelves 1 arranged in parallel. Articles in the horizontal direction are transferred by a traveling carriage 2 having an article transfer mechanism such as an arm, and vertically moved by an elevator 3 provided with an article placement transport stand 4 provided adjacent to the inventory storage shelf 1. Article transfer is performed, and the articles are transferred between the traveling carriage 2 and the article placement transfer table 4 by the temporary transfer table 5 that interposes the free and horizontal transfer of the articles.

図4(a)には、図1及び2の一実施形態を具現化することができる、搬送容器保管機構以降の物流システムの一例を示した。   FIG. 4A shows an example of a physical distribution system after the transport container storage mechanism that can embody the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.

搬送容器保管機構としては、図3に示した立体自動倉庫と同じ構成で、搬送容器格納棚10に搬送容器が格納されていること以外に本質的な違いはない。この搬送容器格納棚10には、運搬機構である搬送容器運搬コンベヤ(1)9によって、注文に応じて(図示されていない)仕分け機構で仕分けされた物品を収納した搬送容器8が搬送され、仕分けされて一時的に保管される。   The transport container storage mechanism has the same configuration as the three-dimensional automatic warehouse shown in FIG. 3 and has no essential difference except that the transport container is stored in the transport container storage shelf 10. A transport container 8 storing articles sorted by a sorting mechanism (not shown) according to an order (not shown) is transported to the transport container storage shelf 10 by a transport container transport conveyor (1) 9 which is a transport mechanism, Sorted and temporarily stored.

出庫指示に従って、搬送容器格納棚1に保管されていた搬送容器8は、搬送容器運搬コンベヤ(2)11、分岐・合流コンベヤ12を経て、物品自動送出機構13に搬送される。   In accordance with the exit instruction, the transport container 8 stored in the transport container storage shelf 1 is transported to the automatic article delivery mechanism 13 via the transport container transporting conveyor (2) 11 and the branching / merging conveyor 12.

この物品自動送出機構13は、図4(b)に示したように、物品自動移載装置13−1、物品識別供給装置13−2、及び、物品投入装置13−3から構成され、出荷容器送入コンベヤ15から供給される出荷容器14の適正な位置に、損傷を与えることなく物品が投入される。   As shown in FIG. 4B, the automatic article delivery mechanism 13 includes an automatic article transfer device 13-1, an article identification supply device 13-2, and an article input device 13-3. Articles are thrown into an appropriate position of the shipping container 14 supplied from the feeding conveyor 15 without damage.

物品が投入された出荷容器14は、分岐・合流コンベヤ12を経て、出荷容器送出コンベヤ16から出庫される。その後、図示されていないが、検品作業及び梱包作業を経て、顧客の下に注文された物品が輸送される。   The shipping container 14 into which the article has been loaded is delivered from the shipping container delivery conveyor 16 via the branching / merging conveyor 12. Thereafter, although not shown in the drawing, the ordered item is transported to the customer through inspection work and packing work.

以上のような一連の動作は、図5のように、中央情報システムの下に、データ管理コンピュータ及びデータ制御コンピュータ等が連動するように備えられる。そして、データ管理コンピュータが、在庫管理部、入庫管理部、出庫管理部を備えて、これらを管理する。一方、データ制御コンピュータは、コンベヤ制御部、入庫制御部、仕分け制御部、出庫制御部を備え、これらの制御システムが、公知のアルゴリズムによって作成されるプログラミングによって、運搬機構、移載機構、表示機構等のラインを機能的に連動するように制御する。コンベヤ制御部は運搬機構、自動投入機構、移載機構等を、入庫制御部は入庫機構、在庫保管機構を、仕分け制御部は注文に応じた自動仕分け機構や手動仕分けにおける表示機構等を、出庫制御部は出庫機構や搬送容器格納機構を制御する。   As shown in FIG. 5, the series of operations as described above are provided such that a data management computer and a data control computer are linked under the central information system. The data management computer includes an inventory management unit, a warehousing management unit, and a warehousing management unit, and manages them. On the other hand, the data control computer includes a conveyor control unit, an entry control unit, a sorting control unit, and an exit control unit, and these control systems are configured by a transport algorithm, a transfer mechanism, and a display mechanism by programming created by a known algorithm. Etc., so that the lines are linked to each other functionally. The conveyor control unit has a transport mechanism, automatic loading mechanism, transfer mechanism, etc., the warehousing control unit has a warehousing mechanism and an inventory storage mechanism, and the sorting control unit has an automatic sorting mechanism according to the order and a display mechanism for manual sorting, etc. The control unit controls the delivery mechanism and the transport container storage mechanism.

本発明は、物品の入庫、入庫された物品の保管、保管された物品の仕分け、及び、仕分けされた物品の出庫等、これらに係わる運搬・移載・保管等の全ての機能及び機構が一元管理され、自動化・省力化することができるので、あらゆる物流システムに適用できる。   The present invention unifies all functions and mechanisms of transportation, transfer, storage, etc. related to goods storage, storage of stored goods, sorting of stored goods, and delivery of sorted goods. Since it is managed and can be automated and labor-saving, it can be applied to any logistics system.

1 在庫格納棚
2 走行台車
3 昇降機
4 昇降機に備えられた物品載置搬送台
5 物品仮置き搬送台
6 入出庫コンベヤ
7 在庫
8 搬送容器
9 搬送容器運搬コンベヤ(1)
10 搬送容器格納棚
11 搬送容器運搬コンベヤ(2)
12 分岐・合流コンベヤ
13 物品自動送出機構
13−1 物品自動移載装置
13−2 物品識別供給コンベヤ
13−3 物品投入装置
14 出荷容器
15 出荷容器送入コンベヤ
16 出荷容器送出コンベヤ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Stock storage shelf 2 Traveling trolley 3 Elevator 4 Article mounting conveyance stand 5 equipped with the elevator 5 Article temporary placement conveyance stand 6 Entry / exit conveyor 7 Inventory 8 Transport container 9 Transport container transport conveyor (1)
10 Transport container storage shelf 11 Transport container transport conveyor (2)
12 branching / merging conveyor 13 automatic article delivery mechanism 13-1 automatic article transfer device 13-2 article identification supply conveyor 13-3 article input apparatus 14 shipping container 15 shipping container delivery conveyor 16 shipping container delivery conveyor

Claims (4)

搬送容器を一時的に格納する搬送容器格納機構と、
前記搬送容器内の物品が、出庫情報に基づいて、出荷容器に自動的に集約される物品自動送出機構と
を備えたことを特徴とする自動物流システム。
A transport container storage mechanism for temporarily storing the transport container;
An automatic logistics system comprising: an article automatic delivery mechanism in which articles in the transport container are automatically collected in a shipping container based on delivery information.
在庫保管機構と、
前記在庫保管機構内の物品を品目毎に搬送容器に選別して個片化する仕分け機構と、を更に備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の自動物流システム。
An inventory storage mechanism;
2. The automatic logistics system according to claim 1, further comprising a sorting mechanism that sorts articles in the inventory storage mechanism into individual transport containers for each item.
前記物品自動送出機構が、物品自動移載装置、又は、物品自動移載装置及び物品識別供給装置、又は、物品自動移載装置及び物品投入装置、又は、物品自動移載装置及び物品識別供給装置及び物品投入装置から構成されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の物流システム。   The automatic article delivery mechanism is an automatic article transfer apparatus, an automatic article transfer apparatus and an article identification supply apparatus, an automatic article transfer apparatus and an article input apparatus, or an automatic article transfer apparatus and an article identification supply apparatus. The physical distribution system according to claim 1, further comprising an article input device. 入荷した物品の入庫機構が前記在庫保管機構と接続され、
前記在庫保管機構と、前記仕分け機構と、前記搬送容器格納機構と、前記物品自動送出機構とが、それぞれ運搬機構で接続され、
前記出荷容器の出庫機構が、前記物品自動送出機構と接続されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の物流システム。
The storage mechanism of the received goods is connected to the stock storage mechanism,
The stock storage mechanism, the sorting mechanism, the transport container storage mechanism, and the article automatic delivery mechanism are each connected by a transport mechanism,
The distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a shipping mechanism for the shipping container is connected to the automatic article delivery mechanism.
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