JP2018093028A - Piezoelectric element - Google Patents

Piezoelectric element Download PDF

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JP2018093028A
JP2018093028A JP2016234285A JP2016234285A JP2018093028A JP 2018093028 A JP2018093028 A JP 2018093028A JP 2016234285 A JP2016234285 A JP 2016234285A JP 2016234285 A JP2016234285 A JP 2016234285A JP 2018093028 A JP2018093028 A JP 2018093028A
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piezoelectric element
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JP6844911B2 (en
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王義 山崎
Kimiyoshi Yamazaki
王義 山崎
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New Japan Radio Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a piezoelectric element having high sensitivity and low noise.SOLUTION: Piezoelectric films 3a and 3b each have a laminated structure, and a row is formed in which two or more piezoelectric elements in each of which electrodes 4a01 to 02, 4b01 to 02, and 4c01 to 02 are arranged so as to sandwich a part of each of the piezoelectric film are connected to each other. The piezoelectric elements are arranged so as to overlap vertically symmetrically. Two or more rows of the piezoelectric elements are connected to each other. With such a configuration, piezoelectric voltages caused by residual stress and temperature fluctuation are canceled out by output of the piezoelectric elements that vertically symmetrically overlap each other, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は圧電素子に関し、特に、高感度、低雑音の圧電素子に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a piezoelectric element, and more particularly to a piezoelectric element with high sensitivity and low noise.

近年、急速に需要が拡大しているスマートフォンには、小型、薄型で、組立のハンダリフロー工程の高温処理耐性を有するMEMS(Micro Electro Mechanical System)技術を用いたマイクロフォンが多く使われている。また、MEMSマイクロフォンに限らず、その他のMEMS素子が様々な分野で急速に普及してきている。   2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, smartphones whose demand has been rapidly expanding are often small-sized, thin-type microphones using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology having high-temperature processing resistance in an assembly solder reflow process. In addition to MEMS microphones, other MEMS elements are rapidly spreading in various fields.

この種のMEMS素子の多くは、音響圧力等による振動板の振動変位を対向する固定板との容量変化としてとらえ、電気信号に変換して出力する容量素子である。しかし容量素子は、振動板と固定板との間隙の空気の流動によって生じる音響抵抗のために、信号雑音比の改善が限界になりつつある。   Most of this type of MEMS element is a capacitive element that detects a vibration displacement of a diaphragm due to an acoustic pressure or the like as a change in capacitance with an opposing fixed plate, converts it into an electric signal, and outputs it. However, improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the capacitive element is becoming a limit due to acoustic resistance generated by the flow of air in the gap between the diaphragm and the fixed plate.

そこで、圧電材料からなる薄膜(圧電膜)で構成される単一の振動板の歪みにより音響圧力等を電圧変化として取り出すことができる圧電素子が注目されている。   Accordingly, attention has been paid to a piezoelectric element that can take out acoustic pressure or the like as a voltage change by distortion of a single diaphragm formed of a thin film (piezoelectric film) made of a piezoelectric material.

ところで圧電素子では、音響圧力等がない場合に圧電膜の残留応力や温度変動が不要な信号として出力され特性を劣化させることが知られている。そこで、圧電膜の一端を自由端とする片持ち梁構造を採用することによって残留応力を解放する技術が開示されている(例えば特許文献1等)。   By the way, it is known that the piezoelectric element is output as an unnecessary signal in which the residual stress and temperature fluctuation of the piezoelectric film are unnecessary when there is no acoustic pressure or the like, and the characteristics are deteriorated. Therefore, a technique for releasing residual stress by adopting a cantilever structure in which one end of a piezoelectric film is a free end is disclosed (for example, Patent Document 1).

図10に、片持ち梁構造の圧電素子の断面図を示す。図10に示すように、支持基板となるシリコン基板1に絶縁膜2を介して多層構造の圧電膜3a、3bが固定され、圧電膜3aは上下から電極4aと電極4bにより、圧電膜3bは電極4bと電極4cによりそれぞれ挟み込まれた構造となっている。圧電膜および電極はそれぞれ長方形の平面形状を有しており、一端がシリコン基板1に固定され、他端が自由端となっている。また電極4aと電極4cは一方の配線電極5aに接続し、電極4bは別の配線電極5bに接続されている。   FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a piezoelectric element having a cantilever structure. As shown in FIG. 10, piezoelectric films 3a and 3b having a multilayer structure are fixed to a silicon substrate 1 serving as a support substrate via an insulating film 2. The piezoelectric film 3a is formed by electrodes 4a and 4b from above and below, and the piezoelectric film 3b is The structure is sandwiched between the electrode 4b and the electrode 4c. Each of the piezoelectric film and the electrode has a rectangular planar shape, one end is fixed to the silicon substrate 1 and the other end is a free end. The electrodes 4a and 4c are connected to one wiring electrode 5a, and the electrode 4b is connected to another wiring electrode 5b.

このような圧電素子では、音響圧力等を受けて圧電膜3aが歪むとその内部に分極が起こり、電極4aに接続する配線電極5aと、電極4bに接続する配線電極5bから電圧信号を取り出すことが可能となる。同様に圧電膜3bが歪むとその内部に分極が起こり、電極4cに接続する配線電極5aと、電極4bに接続する配線電極5bから電圧信号を取り出すことが可能となる。   In such a piezoelectric element, when the piezoelectric film 3a is distorted by receiving an acoustic pressure or the like, polarization occurs in the piezoelectric film 3a, and a voltage signal is taken out from the wiring electrode 5a connected to the electrode 4a and the wiring electrode 5b connected to the electrode 4b. Is possible. Similarly, when the piezoelectric film 3b is distorted, polarization occurs in the piezoelectric film 3b, and a voltage signal can be extracted from the wiring electrode 5a connected to the electrode 4c and the wiring electrode 5b connected to the electrode 4b.

ところで、この種の圧電型MEMSマイクロフォンでは、音響圧力に対する出力電圧の比、即ち感度が、容量型MEMSマイクロフォンに比べて低いことが知られている。一般的に前者の感度は、後者の感度のおよそ10分の1以下に留まる。   By the way, in this type of piezoelectric MEMS microphone, it is known that the ratio of output voltage to acoustic pressure, that is, sensitivity is lower than that of a capacitive MEMS microphone. In general, the sensitivity of the former is less than about 1/10 of the sensitivity of the latter.

そのため、増幅回路が必要となる。しかしながら、一般的なCMOS半導体装置の製造方法に従い製造される増幅回路を備える構成とすると、信号雑音比は増幅回路に制限されてしまう。また微細化に優れたCMOS技術により圧電素子を形成すると、微細化を必要としない圧電素子が占める面積が大きく、製造コストの増大を招いてしまう。そのため、圧電素子の感度向上が望まれている。   Therefore, an amplifier circuit is required. However, if the configuration includes an amplifier circuit manufactured according to a general CMOS semiconductor device manufacturing method, the signal-to-noise ratio is limited to the amplifier circuit. In addition, when a piezoelectric element is formed by CMOS technology excellent in miniaturization, the area occupied by the piezoelectric element that does not require miniaturization is large, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost. Therefore, improvement in sensitivity of the piezoelectric element is desired.

特許第5707323号公報Japanese Patent No. 5707323 特表2014−515214号公報Special table 2014-515214 gazette

従来の圧電型MEMS素子は、容量型MEMS素子の感度と比較して感度が低いという問題点があった。本発明はこのような問題点を解消し、感度の高い圧電素子を提供することを目的とする。   The conventional piezoelectric MEMS element has a problem that the sensitivity is lower than that of the capacitive MEMS element. An object of the present invention is to solve such problems and to provide a highly sensitive piezoelectric element.

上記目的を達成するため、本願請求項1に係る発明は、支持基板に両端が固定された圧電膜と、該圧電膜を挟んで配置する一対の電極とを備えた圧電素子において、前記圧電膜は、少なくとも第1の圧電膜と第2の圧電膜を含む積層構造からなることと、前記第1の圧電膜を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた圧電素子が複数形成されていることと、前記第2の圧電膜を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた圧電素子が複数形成されていることと、前記圧電素子は、少なくとも、前記両端の一端側から他端側へ順に並んで配列している第1の列と、前記両端の前記他端側から前記一端側へ順に並んで配列している第2の列とを構成し、前記第1の列の圧電素子と第2の列の圧電素子が直列に接続し、前記第1の圧電膜を挟んで形成した圧電素子と、前記第2の圧電膜を挟んで形成した圧電素子とが上下対称に積層形成されていることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present application provides a piezoelectric element comprising: a piezoelectric film having both ends fixed to a support substrate; and a pair of electrodes disposed with the piezoelectric film interposed therebetween. Has a laminated structure including at least a first piezoelectric film and a second piezoelectric film, and a plurality of piezoelectric elements including the pair of electrodes arranged with the first piezoelectric film interposed therebetween are formed. A plurality of piezoelectric elements including the pair of electrodes arranged with the second piezoelectric film interposed therebetween, and the piezoelectric elements are arranged in order from at least one end side to the other end side of the both ends. And the second row arranged in order from the other end side of the both ends to the one end side, and the piezoelectric elements of the first row and the second row The piezoelectric elements in this row were connected in series and formed with the first piezoelectric film sandwiched between them. And conductive elements, wherein said piezoelectric element is formed across the second piezoelectric film are stacked vertically symmetrically.

本願請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1記載の圧電素子において、前記第1の列の圧電素子は、前記第1の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第1の圧電素子、第2の圧電素子および第3の圧電素子と、前記第2の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第4の圧電素子、第5の圧電素子および第6の圧電素子とを備え、前記両端の前記一端側から前記他端側へ順に前記第1の圧電素子、前記第2の圧電素子および前記第3の圧電素子が順に並んで配置しているとともに、前記両端の前記一端側から前記他端側へ順に前記第4の圧電素子、前記第5の圧電素子および前記第6の圧電素子が順に並んで配置していることと、前記第1の圧電素子と前記第4の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第2の圧電素子と前記第5の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子が並列に接続するとともに、それぞれ並列に接続した圧電素子が直列に接続していることと、前記第2の列の圧電素子は、前記第1の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第7の圧電素子、第8の圧電素子および第9の圧電素子と、前記第2の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第10の圧電素子、第11の圧電素子および第12の圧電素子とを備え、前記両端の前記他端側から前記一端側へ順に前記第7の圧電素子、前記第8の圧電素子および前記第9の圧電素子が順に並んで配置しているとともに、前記両端の前記他端側から前記一端側へ順に前記第10の圧電素子、前記第11の圧電素子および前記第12の圧電素子が順に並んで配置していることと、前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第8の圧電素子と前記第11の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第9の圧電素子と前記第12の圧電素子が並列に接続するとともに、それぞれ並列に接続した圧電素子が直列に接続していることと、並列接続した前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子の組と、並列接続した前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子の組とを直列に接続していることと、前記第1の圧電素子と前記第4の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成され、前記第2の圧電素子と前記第5の圧電素子が、前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子が、前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成され、前記第8の圧電素子と前記第11の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成され、前記第9の圧電素子と前記第12の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成されていることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is the piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric elements in the first row include the pair of electrodes arranged with a part of the first piezoelectric film interposed therebetween. 1st piezoelectric element, 2nd piezoelectric element, 3rd piezoelectric element, and 4th piezoelectric element and 5th piezoelectric element provided with said pair of electrode arrange | positioned on both sides of a part of said 2nd piezoelectric film And a sixth piezoelectric element, and the first piezoelectric element, the second piezoelectric element, and the third piezoelectric element are arranged in order from the one end side to the other end side of the both ends. And the fourth piezoelectric element, the fifth piezoelectric element, and the sixth piezoelectric element are arranged in order from the one end side to the other end side of the both ends, and the first The piezoelectric element and the fourth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, and the second piezoelectric element and the 5 piezoelectric elements are connected in parallel, the third piezoelectric element and the sixth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric elements connected in parallel are connected in series, and the second The piezoelectric elements in this row include a seventh piezoelectric element, an eighth piezoelectric element, a ninth piezoelectric element, and the second piezoelectric element, each including the pair of electrodes disposed with a part of the first piezoelectric film interposed therebetween. Comprising a tenth piezoelectric element, an eleventh piezoelectric element and a twelfth piezoelectric element provided with the pair of electrodes arranged with a part of the piezoelectric film interposed therebetween, from the other end side of the both ends to the one end side The seventh piezoelectric element, the eighth piezoelectric element, and the ninth piezoelectric element are arranged in order, and the tenth piezoelectric element in order from the other end side to the one end side of the both ends. Element, the eleventh piezoelectric element and the twelfth piezoelectric element in order. The seventh piezoelectric element and the tenth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, the eighth piezoelectric element and the eleventh piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, and the ninth piezoelectric element is connected in parallel. The piezoelectric element and the twelfth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, the piezoelectric elements connected in parallel are connected in series, and the third and sixth piezoelectric elements connected in parallel are connected. And the seventh piezoelectric element and the tenth piezoelectric element connected in parallel are connected in series, and the first piezoelectric element and the fourth piezoelectric element are vertically symmetrical. The second piezoelectric element and the fifth piezoelectric element are stacked, the third piezoelectric element and the sixth piezoelectric element, the seventh piezoelectric element and the tenth piezoelectric element are vertically symmetrical. The eighth piezoelectric element and the eleventh piezoelectric element are vertically stacked. The ninth piezoelectric element and the twelfth piezoelectric element are laminated in a vertically symmetrical manner.

本願請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1又は2いずれか記載の圧電素子において、
前記第1又は前記第2の列を構成する圧電素子間、および前記第1の列と第2の列間は、前記第1の圧電膜あるいは前記第2の圧電膜の表面、裏面あるいは膜間に配置された前記圧電素子の電極から連続する延長部により接続していることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 3 of the present application is the piezoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2,
Between the piezoelectric elements constituting the first or the second row, and between the first row and the second row, the surface, the back surface, or the film between the first piezoelectric film or the second piezoelectric film. It is connected by the extension part which continues from the electrode of the said piezoelectric element arrange | positioned in (3).

本願請求項4に係る発明は、請求項1乃至3いずれか記載の圧電素子において、前記第1の列の圧電素子の組と前記第2の列の圧電素子の組を交互に複数個接続配置していることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 4 of the present application is the piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of sets of piezoelectric elements in the first row and a set of piezoelectric elements in the second row are alternately connected. It is characterized by that.

本願請求項5に係る発明は、請求項1乃至4いずれか記載の圧電素子において、振動により前記圧電膜が湾曲変位した場合に、該変位の変曲点により区画される領域毎に、少なくとも前記上下対称に積層形成された前記第1の圧電素子と前記第4の圧電素子と前記第9の圧電素子と前記第12の圧電素子、前記第2の圧電素子と前記第5の圧電素子と前記第8の圧電素子と前記第11の圧電素子、前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子と前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子のいずれかが配置されていることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 5 of the present application is the piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the piezoelectric film is bent and displaced by vibration, at least the region defined by the inflection point of the displacement The first piezoelectric element, the fourth piezoelectric element, the ninth piezoelectric element, the twelfth piezoelectric element, the second piezoelectric element, the fifth piezoelectric element, and the above, which are stacked vertically symmetrically One of the eighth piezoelectric element, the eleventh piezoelectric element, the third piezoelectric element, the sixth piezoelectric element, the seventh piezoelectric element, and the tenth piezoelectric element is disposed. Features.

本願請求項6に係る発明は、請求項1乃至5いずれか記載の圧電素子において、
前記圧電膜は、音響圧力によって振動する膜であることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 6 of the present application is the piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The piezoelectric film is a film that vibrates by acoustic pressure.

本発明の圧電素子は、第1の圧電膜に形成する圧電素子と第2の圧電膜に形成する圧電素子とを上下対称に重なり合うように配置することで、重なり合う圧電膜の残留応力や温度変動に起因して発生する圧電電圧を相互に相殺して圧電膜の残留応力の影響を低減した上で、音響圧力等によって生じる第1の圧電膜による圧電電圧と第2の圧電膜による圧電電圧を重畳させることで出力信号のレベルを上げることを可能としている。   According to the piezoelectric element of the present invention, the piezoelectric element formed on the first piezoelectric film and the piezoelectric element formed on the second piezoelectric film are arranged so as to be vertically symmetrically overlapped, so that the residual stress and temperature fluctuation of the overlapping piezoelectric films are arranged. The piezoelectric voltage generated due to the above is canceled out to reduce the influence of the residual stress of the piezoelectric film, and the piezoelectric voltage generated by the first piezoelectric film and the piezoelectric voltage generated by the second piezoelectric film generated by the acoustic pressure, etc. By superimposing, it is possible to increase the level of the output signal.

特に本発明では、複数の圧電素子を接続した圧電素子の列を複数列接続する構成とすることで、圧電電圧を重畳させることで、出力信号のレベルを上げることを可能としている。   In particular, in the present invention, a configuration in which a plurality of rows of piezoelectric elements to which a plurality of piezoelectric elements are connected is connected, so that the level of an output signal can be increased by superimposing piezoelectric voltages.

さらにまた本発明によれば、圧電膜が振動により湾曲変形する際、その変位の変曲点により区画される領域毎に第1の圧電膜に形成する圧電素子と第2の圧電膜に形成する圧電素子との組を配置することで、区画された領域毎に、梁の延伸方向で生じる引張応力領域と圧縮応力領域とでそれぞれ圧電素子を分離し、それぞれの領域で発生する電圧信号を重畳するように接続することで、効率的に電気エネルギーに変換して取り出すことが可能となる。   Furthermore, according to the present invention, when the piezoelectric film is curved and deformed by vibration, the piezoelectric element formed on the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film are formed for each region defined by the inflection point of the displacement. By arranging a pair with the piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric element is separated into the tensile stress area and the compressive stress area generated in the beam extension direction for each divided area, and the voltage signal generated in each area is superimposed By connecting in such a manner, it is possible to efficiently convert it into electric energy and take it out.

本発明によれば、圧電素子間、圧電素子の列間の接続は圧電素子の電極を延長して行うことができ、圧電膜の変位に影響を与えるスルーホール等の接続手段を必要としない点でも、効率的に電気エネルギーに変換できるという利点がある。   According to the present invention, the connection between the piezoelectric elements and the rows of the piezoelectric elements can be performed by extending the electrodes of the piezoelectric elements, and no connection means such as a through hole that affects the displacement of the piezoelectric film is required. However, there is an advantage that it can be efficiently converted into electric energy.

特に、本発明の圧電素子の圧電膜を音響圧力によって振動する厚さに設定し、音響トランスデューサとして使用した場合、高感度で信号雑音比の改善が期待される。   In particular, when the piezoelectric film of the piezoelectric element of the present invention is set to a thickness that vibrates due to acoustic pressure and used as an acoustic transducer, high sensitivity and improvement in signal to noise ratio are expected.

本発明の第1の実施例の圧電素子の電極の平面図である。It is a top view of the electrode of the piezoelectric element of 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例の圧電素子の一部断面図である。It is a partial cross section figure of the piezoelectric element of 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例の圧電素子の一部断面図である。It is a partial cross section figure of the piezoelectric element of 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例の圧電素子の一部断面図である。It is a partial cross section figure of the piezoelectric element of 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例の圧電素子の一部断面図である。It is a partial cross section figure of the piezoelectric element of 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第1の実施例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the 1st Example of this invention. 本発明の第2の実施例の圧電素子の電極の平面図である。It is a top view of the electrode of the piezoelectric element of the 2nd Example of this invention. 本発明の第2の実施例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the 2nd Example of this invention. 従来の圧電型MEMS素子の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the conventional piezoelectric MEMS element.

本発明の圧電素子は、支持基板に圧電材料からなる薄膜(圧電膜)の両端を固定した両持ち梁構造としている。圧電膜は少なくとも2層の圧電膜を含む積層構造とする。それぞれの圧電膜には、その一部を挟み込むように電極を配置した圧電素子が複数個形成され、各圧電素子を並列あるいは直列に接続する構成としている。特に本発明では、各圧電素子は上下対称に重なり合うように配置している。このような構成とすることで、上下対称に重なり合う圧電素子の出力により残留応力や温度変動により生じる圧電電圧が相互に相殺され、信号雑音比の向上を図っている。また、上下対称に重なり合う圧電素子の組を所定の位置に配置することにより、信号を効率的に取り出すことができる構成となっている。さらに本発明では、圧電素子の列を接続している。このように構成することで、所望の出力電圧を得ることができる。以下、本発明の圧電素子を音響トランスデューサとして構成する場合を例にとり詳細に説明する。   The piezoelectric element of the present invention has a double-supported beam structure in which both ends of a thin film (piezoelectric film) made of a piezoelectric material are fixed to a support substrate. The piezoelectric film has a laminated structure including at least two piezoelectric films. Each piezoelectric film is formed with a plurality of piezoelectric elements in which electrodes are arranged so as to sandwich a part thereof, and the piezoelectric elements are connected in parallel or in series. In particular, in the present invention, the piezoelectric elements are arranged so as to overlap vertically. By adopting such a configuration, the piezoelectric voltages generated by the residual stress and the temperature fluctuation are canceled out by the outputs of the piezoelectric elements overlapping symmetrically in the vertical direction, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved. Further, by arranging a set of piezoelectric elements overlapping vertically symmetrically at a predetermined position, a signal can be efficiently extracted. Furthermore, in the present invention, rows of piezoelectric elements are connected. With this configuration, a desired output voltage can be obtained. Hereinafter, the case where the piezoelectric element of the present invention is configured as an acoustic transducer will be described in detail.

本発明の第1の実施例について説明する。図1は発明の第1の実施例の圧電素子を構成する下層電極(図1a)、中間層電極(図1b)及び上層電極(図1c)の平面図を、それぞれ模式的に示す。図1(a)に示すように、下層電極は複数の電極4a01〜4a16からなり、その一部は隣接する2つの電極が接続した構造となっている。たとえば電極4a02と電極4a03が接続している。同様に、図1(b)に示すように中間層電極も複数の電極4b01〜4b16からなり、その一部は隣接する2つの電極が接続した構造となっている。一方図1(c)に示すように上層電極も複数の電極4c01〜4c16からなり、その一部は隣接する2つの電極が接続した構造となっている。ここで、下層電極と上層電極は、後述する配線電極に接続するために形成する引出電極部を除き、ほぼ同一の形状とし、中間層電極とは異なる形状としている。   A first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 schematically shows a plan view of a lower layer electrode (FIG. 1a), an intermediate layer electrode (FIG. 1b) and an upper layer electrode (FIG. 1c) constituting the piezoelectric element of the first embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 1A, the lower layer electrode is composed of a plurality of electrodes 4a01 to 4a16, and a part thereof has a structure in which two adjacent electrodes are connected. For example, the electrode 4a02 and the electrode 4a03 are connected. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 1B, the intermediate layer electrode is also composed of a plurality of electrodes 4b01 to 4b16, and a part thereof has a structure in which two adjacent electrodes are connected. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1C, the upper layer electrode is also composed of a plurality of electrodes 4c01 to 4c16, and a part thereof has a structure in which two adjacent electrodes are connected. Here, the lower layer electrode and the upper layer electrode have substantially the same shape except for an extraction electrode portion formed for connection to a wiring electrode described later, and have a shape different from that of the intermediate layer electrode.

図2に、圧電膜を挟んで図1に示す圧電素子の下層電極、中間層電極及び上層電極を積層形成したA−A面の断面図を示す。図2に示すように、支持基板となるシリコン基板1上に、シリコン酸化膜(SiO2)からなる絶縁膜2を介して、圧電膜3a、3bが積層形成している。本実施例では、両持ち梁構造とするため、図1に示すように図面横方向に延びるスリット6が形成されている。圧電膜は、例えば、窒化アルミニウム(AlN)を用いることができ、その結晶方位(圧電配向)は、積層形成されたそれぞれの圧電膜で同一方向となるように形成している。 FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the AA plane in which the lower layer electrode, the intermediate layer electrode, and the upper layer electrode of the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, piezoelectric films 3a and 3b are laminated on a silicon substrate 1 serving as a support substrate via an insulating film 2 made of a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 ). In this embodiment, a slit 6 extending in the horizontal direction of the drawing is formed as shown in FIG. For example, aluminum nitride (AlN) can be used for the piezoelectric film, and the crystal orientation (piezoelectric orientation) is formed so as to be the same in each of the stacked piezoelectric films.

このA−A面に形成された圧電素子は、圧電膜3aの裏面側に電極4a01と電極4a02を形成し、電極4a01が引出電極部を介して配線電極5aに接続している。電極4a02はフローティング状態となっている。また圧電膜3aの上面側であり圧電膜3bの下面側(膜間に相当)には、電極4b01と電極4b02を形成し、電極4b01および電極4b02はフローティング状態となっている。さらに圧電膜3bの上面側には、電極4c01と電極4c02を形成し、電極4c01を配線電極5aに接続している。電極4c02はフローティング状態となっている。電極は、モリブデン(Mo)、プラチナ(Pt)、チタン(Ti)、イリジウム(Ir)、ルテニウム(Ru)等の金属薄膜で形成することができる。   In the piezoelectric element formed on the A-A surface, an electrode 4a01 and an electrode 4a02 are formed on the back surface side of the piezoelectric film 3a, and the electrode 4a01 is connected to the wiring electrode 5a through the extraction electrode portion. The electrode 4a02 is in a floating state. The electrodes 4b01 and 4b02 are formed on the upper surface side of the piezoelectric film 3a and the lower surface side (corresponding to the space between the films) of the piezoelectric film 3b, and the electrodes 4b01 and 4b02 are in a floating state. Furthermore, an electrode 4c01 and an electrode 4c02 are formed on the upper surface side of the piezoelectric film 3b, and the electrode 4c01 is connected to the wiring electrode 5a. The electrode 4c02 is in a floating state. The electrode can be formed of a metal thin film such as molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), iridium (Ir), or ruthenium (Ru).

このように構成すると、電極4a01、圧電膜3a(第1の圧電膜に相当)および電極4b01が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C1(第1の圧電素子に相当)が形成される。同様に、電極4a02、圧電膜3aおよび電極4b01が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C2(第2の圧電素子に相当)、電極4a02、圧電膜3aおよび電極4b02が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C3(第3の圧電素子に相当)が、電極4c01、圧電膜3b(第2の圧電膜に相当)および電極4b01が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C4(第4の圧電素子に相当)、電極4c02、圧電膜3bおよび電極4b01が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C5(第5の圧電素子に相当)、電極4c02、圧電膜3bおよび電極4b02が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C6(第6の圧電素子に相当)が形成される。   With this configuration, the piezoelectric element C1 (corresponding to the first piezoelectric element) is formed in a region where the electrode 4a01, the piezoelectric film 3a (corresponding to the first piezoelectric film) and the electrode 4b01 overlap. Similarly, in the region where the electrode 4a02, the piezoelectric film 3a and the electrode 4b01 overlap, the piezoelectric element C2 (corresponding to the second piezoelectric element), and in the region where the electrode 4a02, the piezoelectric film 3a and the electrode 4b02 overlap, the piezoelectric element C3 (third piezoelectric element). In the region where electrode 4c01, piezoelectric film 3b (corresponding to the second piezoelectric film) and electrode 4b01 overlap, piezoelectric element C4 (corresponding to the fourth piezoelectric element), electrode 4c02, piezoelectric film 3b and electrode 4b01 The piezoelectric element C5 (corresponding to the fifth piezoelectric element) is formed in the region where the electrodes overlap, and the piezoelectric element C6 (corresponding to the sixth piezoelectric element) is formed in the region where the electrode 4c02, the piezoelectric film 3b and the electrode 4b02 overlap.

その結果、第1の圧電素子C1と第4の圧電素子C4とが並列接続し、第2の圧電素子C2と第3の圧電素子C3の直列接続と第5の圧電素子C5と第6の圧電素子C6の直列接続とが並列接続する構成となり、配線電極5aと電極4b02との間に、これら並列接続された圧電素子が直列に接続した構成(第1の列に相当)となる。   As a result, the first piezoelectric element C1 and the fourth piezoelectric element C4 are connected in parallel, the second piezoelectric element C2 and the third piezoelectric element C3 are connected in series, the fifth piezoelectric element C5 and the sixth piezoelectric element. A series connection of the elements C6 is connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric elements connected in parallel are connected in series between the wiring electrode 5a and the electrode 4b02 (corresponding to the first column).

ここで、例えば第1の圧電素子C1と第2の圧電素子C2は、圧電素子を構成する電極4b01を共通に使用することで、対向する電極(それぞれ電極4a01、電極4a02)と重なり合っていない電極4b01の領域(延長部に相当)によって接続している。同様に第4の圧電素子C4と第5の圧電素子C5は、圧電素子を構成する電極4b01を共通に使用することで、対向する電極(それぞれ電極4c01、電極4c02)と重なり合っていない電極4b01の領域(延長部に相当)によって接続している。また第2の圧電素子C2と第3の圧電素子C3とは電極4a02により、第5の圧電素子C5と第6の圧電素子C6とは電極4c02により、それぞれ対向する電極と重なり合っていない電極4a02(延長部に相当)によって、あるいは電極4c02領域(延長部に相当)によってそれぞれ接続している。このような接続とすることで、圧電膜内にスルーホール等の圧電膜の変位に影響を与える接続手段を形成する必要がなくなる。   Here, for example, the first piezoelectric element C1 and the second piezoelectric element C2 are electrodes that do not overlap with the opposing electrodes (electrode 4a01 and electrode 4a02, respectively) by using the electrode 4b01 constituting the piezoelectric element in common. They are connected by the area 4b01 (corresponding to the extension). Similarly, the fourth piezoelectric element C4 and the fifth piezoelectric element C5 use the electrode 4b01 that constitutes the piezoelectric element in common, so that the electrodes 4b01 that do not overlap the opposing electrodes (electrode 4c01 and electrode 4c02, respectively) do not overlap. Connected by region (equivalent to extension). Further, the second piezoelectric element C2 and the third piezoelectric element C3 are provided by the electrode 4a02, and the fifth piezoelectric element C5 and the sixth piezoelectric element C6 are provided by the electrode 4c02, so that the electrodes 4a02 (not overlapping with the electrodes facing each other) Connected to each other by the electrode 4c02 region (corresponding to the extension). Such a connection eliminates the need to form connection means that affect the displacement of the piezoelectric film, such as through-holes, in the piezoelectric film.

また図2から明らかなように、第1の圧電素子C1と第4の圧電素子C4、第2の圧電素子C2と第5の圧電素子C5、第3の圧電素子C3と第6の圧電素子C6は、少なくとも各圧電素子を形成する領域においてそれぞれ、電極4b1および電極4b2の厚さ方向の中心を通る面に対し、上下対称となっている。   As is apparent from FIG. 2, the first piezoelectric element C1 and the fourth piezoelectric element C4, the second piezoelectric element C2 and the fifth piezoelectric element C5, and the third piezoelectric element C3 and the sixth piezoelectric element C6. Is vertically symmetric with respect to a plane passing through the centers of the electrodes 4b1 and 4b2 in the thickness direction at least in the region where each piezoelectric element is formed.

本発明の圧電素子は、上記第1の列に別の第2の列を構成する圧電素子を接続している。図3に、圧電膜を挟んで図1に示す圧電素子の下層電極、中間層電極及び上層電極を積層形成したB−B面の断面図を示す。このB−B面に形成された圧電素子は、圧電膜3aの裏面側に電極4a03と電極4a04を形成し、電極4a03を電極4a02に接続している。また圧電膜3aの上面側であり圧電膜3bの下面側(膜間に相当)には、電極4b03と電極4b04を形成し、電極4b03を電極4b02に接続している。さらに圧電膜3bの上面側には、電極4c03と電極4c04を形成し、電極4c03を電極4c02に接続している。これらの電極は、いずれもフローティング状態となっている。電極は、モリブデン(Mo)、プラチナ(Pt)、チタン(Ti)、イリジウム(Ir)、ルテニウム(Ru)等の金属薄膜で形成することができる。   In the piezoelectric element of the present invention, a piezoelectric element constituting another second row is connected to the first row. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the BB plane in which the lower layer electrode, the intermediate layer electrode, and the upper layer electrode of the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. In the piezoelectric element formed on the BB surface, an electrode 4a03 and an electrode 4a04 are formed on the back surface side of the piezoelectric film 3a, and the electrode 4a03 is connected to the electrode 4a02. On the upper surface side of the piezoelectric film 3a and on the lower surface side (corresponding to the space between the films) of the piezoelectric film 3b, an electrode 4b03 and an electrode 4b04 are formed, and the electrode 4b03 is connected to the electrode 4b02. Furthermore, an electrode 4c03 and an electrode 4c04 are formed on the upper surface side of the piezoelectric film 3b, and the electrode 4c03 is connected to the electrode 4c02. All of these electrodes are in a floating state. The electrode can be formed of a metal thin film such as molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt), titanium (Ti), iridium (Ir), or ruthenium (Ru).

このように構成すると、電極4a03、圧電膜3aおよび電極4b03が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C7(第7の圧電素子に相当)が形成される。同様に、電極4a04、圧電膜3aおよび電極4b03が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C8(第8の圧電素子に相当)、電極4a04、圧電膜3aおよび電極4b04が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C9(第9の圧電素子に相当)が、電極4c03、圧電膜3bおよび電極4b03が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C10(第10の圧電素子に相当)、電極4c04、圧電膜3bおよび電極4b03が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C11(第11の圧電素子に相当)、電極4c04、圧電膜3bおよび電極4b04が重なり合う領域で圧電素子C12(第12の圧電素子に相当)が形成される。   With this configuration, the piezoelectric element C7 (corresponding to the seventh piezoelectric element) is formed in a region where the electrode 4a03, the piezoelectric film 3a, and the electrode 4b03 overlap. Similarly, in the region where the electrode 4a04, the piezoelectric film 3a and the electrode 4b03 overlap, the piezoelectric element C8 (corresponding to the eighth piezoelectric element), and in the region where the electrode 4a04, the piezoelectric film 3a and the electrode 4b04 overlap, the piezoelectric element C9 (the ninth piezoelectric element). Piezoelectric element C10 (corresponding to the tenth piezoelectric element) in the region where the electrode 4c03, piezoelectric film 3b and electrode 4b03 overlap, and piezoelectric element C11 (corresponding to the element) in the region where the electrode 4c04, piezoelectric film 3b and electrode 4b03 overlap. 11), a piezoelectric element C12 (corresponding to a twelfth piezoelectric element) is formed in a region where the electrode 4c04, the piezoelectric film 3b, and the electrode 4b04 overlap.

その結果、第7の圧電素子C7と第10の圧電素子C10とが並列接続し、第8の圧電素子C8と第9の圧電素子C9の直列接続と第11の圧電素子C11と第12の圧電素子C12の直列接続とが並列接続する構成となり、第1の列を構成する電極4a02と電極4b04との間に、これらの並列接続された圧電素子が直列に接続した構成(第2の列に相当)となる。また、第1の列を構成する圧電素子と第2の列を構成する圧電素子が直列に接続した構成となる。すなわち、配線電極5aと電極4b04との間に、並列接続され圧電素子が直列に接続した構成となる。   As a result, the seventh piezoelectric element C7 and the tenth piezoelectric element C10 are connected in parallel, the eighth piezoelectric element C8 and the ninth piezoelectric element C9 are connected in series, and the eleventh piezoelectric element C11 and the twelfth piezoelectric element. A configuration in which the series connection of the elements C12 is connected in parallel, and a configuration in which these parallel-connected piezoelectric elements are connected in series between the electrode 4a02 and the electrode 4b04 configuring the first column (in the second column) Equivalent). Further, the piezoelectric elements constituting the first row and the piezoelectric elements constituting the second row are connected in series. That is, the piezoelectric element is connected in parallel between the wiring electrode 5a and the electrode 4b04.

ここで第2の列を構成する圧電素子でも、例えば第7の圧電素子C7と第8の圧電素子C8は、圧電素子を構成する電極4b03を共通に使用することで、対向する電極(それぞれ電極4a03、電極4c03)と重なり合っていない電極4b03の領域(延長部に相当)によって接続している。同様に第8の圧電素子C8と第9の圧電素子C9は、圧電素子を構成する電極4a04を共通に使用することで、対向する電極(それぞれ電極4b03、電極4b04)と重なり合っていない電極4a04の領域(延長部に相当)によって接続している。また第10の圧電素子C10と第11の圧電素子C11は、圧電素子を構成する電極4b03を共通に使用することで、対向する電極(それぞれ電極4c03、電極4c04)と重なり合っていない電極4b03の領域(延長部に相当)によって接続している。さらに第11の圧電素子C11と第12の圧電素子C12は、圧電素子を構成する電極4c04を共通に使用することで、対向する電極(それぞれ電極4b03、電極4b04)と重なり合っていない電極4c04の領域(延長部に相当)によって接続している。このような接続とすることで、圧電膜内にスルーホール等の圧電膜の変位に影響を与える接続手段を形成する必要がなくなる。   Here, even in the piezoelectric elements constituting the second row, for example, the seventh piezoelectric element C7 and the eighth piezoelectric element C8 use the electrode 4b03 constituting the piezoelectric element in common, so that the opposing electrodes (respectively electrodes) 4a03, electrode 4c03) and the region of electrode 4b03 that does not overlap (corresponding to the extension). Similarly, the eighth piezoelectric element C8 and the ninth piezoelectric element C9 use the electrode 4a04 that constitutes the piezoelectric element in common, so that the electrodes 4a04 that do not overlap with the opposing electrodes (electrode 4b03 and electrode 4b04, respectively). Connected by region (equivalent to extension). In addition, the tenth piezoelectric element C10 and the eleventh piezoelectric element C11 use the electrode 4b03 that constitutes the piezoelectric element in common, so that the region of the electrode 4b03 that does not overlap with the opposing electrodes (electrode 4c03 and electrode 4c04, respectively). (Corresponding to the extension). Further, the eleventh piezoelectric element C11 and the twelfth piezoelectric element C12 use the electrode 4c04 that constitutes the piezoelectric element in common, so that the region of the electrode 4c04 that does not overlap with the opposing electrodes (electrode 4b03 and electrode 4b04, respectively). (Corresponding to the extension). Such a connection eliminates the need to form connection means that affect the displacement of the piezoelectric film, such as through-holes, in the piezoelectric film.

また図3から明らかなように、第7の圧電素子C7と第10の圧電素子C10、第8の圧電素子C8と第11の圧電素子C11、第9の圧電素子C9と第12の圧電素子C12は、少なくとも各圧電素子を形成する領域においてそれぞれ、電極4b03および電極4b04の厚さ方向の中心を通る面に対し、上下対称となっている。   As is apparent from FIG. 3, the seventh piezoelectric element C7 and the tenth piezoelectric element C10, the eighth piezoelectric element C8 and the eleventh piezoelectric element C11, and the ninth piezoelectric element C9 and the twelfth piezoelectric element C12. Is vertically symmetric with respect to a plane passing through the centers of the electrodes 4b03 and 4b04 in the thickness direction at least in the region where each piezoelectric element is formed.

さらに本発明の圧電素子は、上記第1の列と上記第2の列との直列接続に、さらに別の第1の列で説明した構造の圧電素子と同様の構造を有する圧電素子の列に接続している。図4に、圧電膜を挟んで図1に示す圧電素子の下層電極、中間層電極及び上層電極を積層形成したC−C面の断面図を示す。このC−C面に形成される圧電素子は、先に説明したA−A面に形成される圧電素子と配線電極5aに接続する引出電極部を形成されていないことを除き、同一構造となる。図4では、第13の圧電素子C13が第1の圧電素子に、第14の圧電素子が第2の圧電素子に、第15の圧電素子が第3の圧電素子に、第16の圧電素子が第4の圧電素子に、第17の圧電素子が第5の圧電素子に、第18の圧電素子が第6の圧電素子に、それぞれ相当するので、詳細な説明は省略する。   Furthermore, the piezoelectric element according to the present invention is arranged in a series connection of the first row and the second row, and in a row of piezoelectric elements having the same structure as the piezoelectric device having the structure described in the other first row. Connected. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the CC plane in which the lower layer electrode, the intermediate layer electrode, and the upper layer electrode of the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. The piezoelectric element formed on the CC plane has the same structure except that the piezoelectric element formed on the AA plane described above is not formed with an extraction electrode portion connected to the wiring electrode 5a. . In FIG. 4, the thirteenth piezoelectric element C13 is the first piezoelectric element, the fourteenth piezoelectric element is the second piezoelectric element, the fifteenth piezoelectric element is the third piezoelectric element, and the sixteenth piezoelectric element is Since the fourth piezoelectric element, the seventeenth piezoelectric element corresponds to the fifth piezoelectric element, and the eighteenth piezoelectric element correspond to the sixth piezoelectric element, detailed description thereof is omitted.

さらにまたC−C面に形成される圧電素子は、先に説明したB−B面に形成される圧電素子と同一構造となる圧電素子の列が接続している。   Furthermore, the piezoelectric elements formed on the CC plane are connected to a row of piezoelectric elements having the same structure as the piezoelectric elements formed on the BB plane described above.

図5は、圧電膜を挟んで図1に示す圧電素子の下層電極、中間層電極及び上層電極を積層形成したD−D面の断面図を示す。このD−D面に形成される圧電素子は、先に説明したB−B面に形成される圧電素子と配線電極5bに接続する引出電極部を形成することを除き、同一構造となるので、詳細な説明は省略する。   FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of the DD plane in which the lower layer electrode, the intermediate layer electrode, and the upper layer electrode of the piezoelectric element shown in FIG. The piezoelectric element formed on the DD plane has the same structure except that the piezoelectric element formed on the BB plane described above and the lead electrode portion connected to the wiring electrode 5b are formed. Detailed description is omitted.

以上説明したように本実施例の圧電素子は、シリコン基板1(支持基板)に両端が支持された圧電膜に複数の電極対が形成された両持ち梁構造となり、配線電極5a、5b間に複数の圧電素子の列が接続した構造となる。具体的には図6に示すように、第1の列と第2の列との直列の組が4組直列接続した構造となっている。   As described above, the piezoelectric element of the present embodiment has a double-supported beam structure in which a plurality of electrode pairs are formed on a piezoelectric film supported at both ends on a silicon substrate 1 (support substrate), and between the wiring electrodes 5a and 5b. A plurality of piezoelectric element rows are connected. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, four sets of series of the first row and the second row are connected in series.

本発明の圧電素子を音響トランスデューサとして構成する場合、シリコン基板1に形成された空孔7から音響圧力が加わる。音響圧力を受けた圧電膜を含む梁構造は、上方に湾曲変位する。その結果、圧電膜を構成する窒化アルミニウムに引張応力と圧縮応力が発生することになる。   When the piezoelectric element of the present invention is configured as an acoustic transducer, acoustic pressure is applied from the holes 7 formed in the silicon substrate 1. The beam structure including the piezoelectric film subjected to the acoustic pressure is curved and displaced upward. As a result, tensile stress and compressive stress are generated in the aluminum nitride constituting the piezoelectric film.

図7は、図2で説明した領域の圧電素子に音響圧力信号が印加され、圧電膜が変位した場合の一例を示している。この場合、2つの変曲点が発生し、圧電膜に対する応力の向きによって3つの領域に分けられる。例えば、領域aと領域cでは下向きの凸状に湾曲変位し、第1の圧電膜3aには引張応力が、第2の圧電膜3bには圧縮応力が発生する。一方、領域bでは上向きの凸状に湾曲変位し、第1の圧電膜3aには圧縮応力が、第2の圧電膜3bには引張応力が発生する。   FIG. 7 shows an example in which an acoustic pressure signal is applied to the piezoelectric element in the region described in FIG. 2 and the piezoelectric film is displaced. In this case, two inflection points are generated and divided into three regions depending on the direction of stress on the piezoelectric film. For example, the region a and the region c are curvedly displaced downward, and a tensile stress is generated in the first piezoelectric film 3a and a compressive stress is generated in the second piezoelectric film 3b. On the other hand, in the region b, the curve is displaced in an upward convex shape, and compressive stress is generated in the first piezoelectric film 3a and tensile stress is generated in the second piezoelectric film 3b.

ところで、本実施例の圧電素子は、図2に示すように圧電素子C1と圧電素子C4とが並列に接続しており、圧電素子C2と圧電素子C3の直列接続と圧電素子C5と圧電素子C6の直列接続とが並列に接続している。さらに上下対称な構造としている。そのため、各領域a〜cそれぞれで発生する電圧は、極性が逆で、同一の値となるため、残留応力や温度変動に起因する同相の電圧は相殺される。   Incidentally, in the piezoelectric element of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the piezoelectric element C1 and the piezoelectric element C4 are connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric element C2 and the piezoelectric element C3 are connected in series, and the piezoelectric element C5 and the piezoelectric element C6. Are connected in parallel. Furthermore, it has a vertically symmetrical structure. For this reason, the voltages generated in each of the regions a to c have the opposite polarity and the same value, so that the in-phase voltage caused by the residual stress and temperature fluctuation is canceled out.

同様に図3に示すように、圧電素子C7と圧電素子C10とが並列に接続しており、圧電素子C8と圧電素子C9の直列接続と圧電素子C11と圧電素子C12の直列接続とが並列に接続している。さらに上下対称な構造としている。そのため、各領域c〜aそれぞれで発生する電圧は、極性が逆で、同一の値となるため、残留応力や温度変動に起因する同相の電圧は相殺される。   Similarly, as shown in FIG. 3, the piezoelectric element C7 and the piezoelectric element C10 are connected in parallel, and the series connection of the piezoelectric element C8 and the piezoelectric element C9 and the series connection of the piezoelectric element C11 and the piezoelectric element C12 are parallel. Connected. Furthermore, it has a vertically symmetrical structure. For this reason, the voltages generated in each of the regions c to a have opposite polarities and the same value, so that the in-phase voltage caused by residual stress and temperature fluctuation is canceled out.

さらにこれらの圧電素子の列が交互に接続されており、図6に示すような接続構造となり、それぞれの領域では、残留応力や温度変動に起因する同相の電圧は相殺されることになる。   Furthermore, these rows of piezoelectric elements are alternately connected to form a connection structure as shown in FIG. 6, and in each region, in-phase voltages caused by residual stress and temperature fluctuation are canceled out.

その結果、音響圧力信号が印加されることに基づく各領域の出力信号(電圧)は、残留応力や温度変動に起因する信号を含まずに重畳加算され、音響圧力(Pa)に対する出力電圧(Vout)の比(Vout/Pa)で定義される音響トランスデューサとしての感度の増大を図ることが可能となる。 As a result, the output signal (voltage) of each region based on the application of the acoustic pressure signal is superimposed and added without including a signal due to residual stress or temperature fluctuation, and the output voltage ( Ac ) for the acoustic pressure (P a ) It is possible to increase the sensitivity as an acoustic transducer defined by the ratio (V out / P a ) of V out ).

なお、各電極の大きさ等は信号雑音比を最大化する観点から最適化されることが望ましい。これは配線電極5a、5bから見た等価的キャパシタの容量をCoutとした場合に、この等価的キャパシタに蓄えられるエネルギー(Cout・Vout 2/2)を最大化するように各電極の大きさを決めればよい。 The size of each electrode is preferably optimized from the viewpoint of maximizing the signal to noise ratio. This wiring electrodes 5a, the capacity of the equivalent capacitor as seen from 5b when the C out, of the electrodes so as to maximize the energy stored in the equivalent capacitor (C out · V out 2/ 2) Decide the size.

具体的には、長方形の両持ち梁の場合の寸法、各圧電膜の膜厚、電極の大きさの一設計例は次のようになる。例えば、入力する信号が人間の音声とし、両持ち梁の共振周波数を20kHzとする。また、スマートフォンのような電子機器に搭載することを想定した平面寸法とする。両持ち梁の長さ(図1のスリットの長さに相当)を0.7mm、幅(図1の上下)を1.4mmとし、8列の電極を形成する。窒化アルミニウムからなる圧電膜3a、3bの厚さはともに0.5μm、モリブデンからなる電極4a01〜4a16、4b01〜4b16、4c01〜4c16の厚さはいずれも0.1μmとする。また、スリット6の幅は1μmとする。その結果、配線電極5a、5b間に得られる出力は、約16mV/Paとなり、容量型MEMSトランスデューサとほぼ等しい値が得られた。なお、各電極の大きさ等は信号雑音比を最大化する観点から最適化されることが望ましく、上記実施例の配置、構造は適宜変更可能である。   Specifically, a design example of the dimensions in the case of a rectangular doubly supported beam, the thickness of each piezoelectric film, and the size of the electrodes is as follows. For example, it is assumed that the input signal is human voice and the resonance frequency of the both-end supported beam is 20 kHz. In addition, the plane dimensions are assumed to be mounted on an electronic device such as a smartphone. The length of the doubly supported beam (corresponding to the length of the slit in FIG. 1) is 0.7 mm, the width (upper and lower in FIG. 1) is 1.4 mm, and 8 rows of electrodes are formed. The thicknesses of the piezoelectric films 3a and 3b made of aluminum nitride are both 0.5 μm, and the thicknesses of the electrodes 4a01 to 4a16, 4b01 to 4b16, and 4c01 to 4c16 made of molybdenum are all 0.1 μm. The width of the slit 6 is 1 μm. As a result, the output obtained between the wiring electrodes 5a and 5b was about 16 mV / Pa, and a value almost equal to that of the capacitive MEMS transducer was obtained. It should be noted that the size and the like of each electrode are preferably optimized from the viewpoint of maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio, and the arrangement and structure of the above embodiments can be changed as appropriate.

次に第2の実施例について説明する。図8は、本発明の第2の実施例の説明図で、差動増幅型の圧電型MEMSマイクロフォンを構成するために好適な実施例である。先に説明した第1の実施例と比較して、電極の配置と接続方法が相違している。図8は、上記第1の実施例で説明した図1の相当する図面である。なお図8では、上層電極の平面図は、下層電極の平面図と同一のため省略している。以下、相違点について説明する。   Next, a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention, and is a preferred embodiment for constructing a differential amplification type piezoelectric MEMS microphone. Compared with the first embodiment described above, the arrangement of electrodes and the connection method are different. FIG. 8 is a drawing corresponding to FIG. 1 described in the first embodiment. In FIG. 8, the plan view of the upper electrode is omitted because it is the same as the plan view of the lower layer electrode. Hereinafter, differences will be described.

図8に示す電極構造を有する圧電素子は、図1で説明した圧電素子の列の直列接続を2つに分割した構成となっている、また図面上、上下対象となるように電極を配置している。その結果、図9に示すように、配線電極5a1と配線電極5b1との間に接続された圧電素子列と、配線電極5a2と配線電極5b2との間に接続された圧電素子列とを備えた構成となる。   The piezoelectric element having the electrode structure shown in FIG. 8 has a configuration in which the series connection of the rows of piezoelectric elements described in FIG. 1 is divided into two parts. ing. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the piezoelectric element array connected between the wiring electrode 5a1 and the wiring electrode 5b1 and the piezoelectric element array connected between the wiring electrode 5a2 and the wiring electrode 5b2 were provided. It becomes composition.

このように形成した圧電素子は、電極5a1と電極5b2をグランド端子とし、電極5b1と電極5a2を出力端子とすることで差動型の出力を有する音響トランスデューサとして構成することが可能となる。   The piezoelectric element formed in this way can be configured as an acoustic transducer having a differential output by using the electrodes 5a1 and 5b2 as ground terminals and the electrodes 5b1 and 5a2 as output terminals.

なお、各電極の大きさ等は信号雑音比を最大化する観点から最適化されることが望ましい。その結果、電極5b1と電極5a2から得られる出力は、それぞれ約9mV/Paとなり、一般的はCMOS技術により形成可能な差動型増幅回路に接続して増幅することが可能となる。   The size of each electrode is preferably optimized from the viewpoint of maximizing the signal to noise ratio. As a result, the outputs obtained from the electrodes 5b1 and 5a2 are about 9 mV / Pa, respectively, and it is generally possible to amplify by connecting to a differential amplifier circuit that can be formed by CMOS technology.

以上、本実施例の圧電素子について説明したが、本発明は、圧電膜として窒化アルミニウムに限定されるものでないことは言うまでもない。表1は、代表的な圧電材料である窒化アルミニウム、窒化スカンジウムアルミニウム(Al1-xScxN)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛(PZT)について圧電型マイクロフォンの特性に影響を与えるヤング率、横圧電歪係数などの材料定数を比較した表である。 Although the piezoelectric element of this example has been described above, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to aluminum nitride as the piezoelectric film. Table 1 shows the effects of piezoelectric microphones on typical piezoelectric materials such as aluminum nitride, scandium aluminum nitride (Al 1-x Sc x N), zinc oxide (ZnO), and lead zirconate titanate (PZT). 3 is a table comparing material constants such as Young's modulus and lateral piezoelectric strain coefficient.

Figure 2018093028
Figure 2018093028

表1に示す信号雑音比に対応する性能指数(FOM)は、結合係数(k31 2)と損失角(tanδ)の比で表され、その値が大きい程、その値にほぼ比例した形で信号雑音比の向上が期待できる。表1に示すように、酸化亜鉛及びチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛に比べると窒化アルミニウムは6〜40倍性能指数が大きく、圧電トランスデューサに適した材料であることがわかる。また、窒化アルミニウムにスカンジウムを添加した窒化スカンジウムアルミニウム(Al1-xScxN)は、窒化アルミニウムより横圧電歪係数が向上することが知られており、例えば、スカンジウムの比率を35%にした場合、性能指数が窒化アルミニウムより7倍程度向上することが期待できる。 The figure of merit (FOM) corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio shown in Table 1 is represented by the ratio of the coupling coefficient (k 31 2 ) and the loss angle (tan δ). The larger the value, the more nearly proportional to the value. An improvement in signal to noise ratio can be expected. As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that aluminum nitride is 6 to 40 times larger in performance index than zinc oxide and lead zirconate titanate, and is suitable for piezoelectric transducers. Also, scandium aluminum nitride (Al 1-x Sc x N) obtained by adding scandium to aluminum nitride is known to have a higher transverse piezoelectric strain coefficient than aluminum nitride. For example, the ratio of scandium was set to 35%. In this case, it can be expected that the figure of merit is improved about 7 times that of aluminum nitride.

さらに上記実施例では、中間層電極を共通電極として使用した例について説明したが、圧電膜間に別の誘電体膜を積層し、中間層電極に相当する電極を別々に構成しても良い。このように構成すると、応力の大きい領域に圧電膜を設けることができるため、等価的なキャパシタに蓄えられるエネルギー(Cout・Vout2/2)をより大きくすることが可能となり、信号雑音比を増大させることができる。 Further, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the intermediate layer electrode is used as the common electrode has been described. However, another dielectric film may be laminated between the piezoelectric films, and the electrodes corresponding to the intermediate layer electrode may be configured separately. According to this structure, it is possible to provide a piezoelectric film on a large area of stress, it is possible to increase the energy stored in the equivalent capacitor (Cout · Vout 2/2) , increasing the signal to noise ratio Can be made.

1:シリコン基板、2:絶縁膜、3a、3b:圧電膜、4a01〜4a16、4b01〜4b16、4c01〜4c16、5a1、5b1、5a2、5b2:配線電極、6:スリット、7:空孔 1: silicon substrate, 2: insulating film, 3a, 3b: piezoelectric film, 4a01-4a16, 4b01-4b16, 4c01-4c16, 5a1, 5b1, 5a2, 5b2: wiring electrode, 6: slit, 7: hole

Claims (6)

支持基板に両端が固定された圧電膜と、該圧電膜を挟んで配置する一対の電極とを備えた圧電素子において、
前記圧電膜は、少なくとも第1の圧電膜と第2の圧電膜を含む積層構造からなることと、
前記第1の圧電膜を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた圧電素子が複数形成されていることと、
前記第2の圧電膜を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた圧電素子が複数形成されていることと、
前記圧電素子は、少なくとも、前記両端の一端側から他端側へ順に並んで配列している第1の列と、前記両端の前記他端側から前記一端側へ順に並んで配列している第2の列とを構成し、前記第1の列の圧電素子と第2の列の圧電素子が直列に接続し、前記第1の圧電膜を挟んで形成した圧電素子と、前記第2の圧電膜を挟んで形成した圧電素子とが上下対称に積層形成されていることを特徴とする圧電素子。
In a piezoelectric element comprising a piezoelectric film having both ends fixed to a support substrate, and a pair of electrodes arranged with the piezoelectric film interposed therebetween,
The piezoelectric film has a laminated structure including at least a first piezoelectric film and a second piezoelectric film;
A plurality of piezoelectric elements including the pair of electrodes arranged with the first piezoelectric film interposed therebetween;
A plurality of piezoelectric elements including the pair of electrodes arranged with the second piezoelectric film interposed therebetween;
The piezoelectric element includes at least a first row arranged in order from one end side to the other end side of the both ends, and a first row arranged in order from the other end side of the both ends to the one end side. A piezoelectric element formed by sandwiching the first piezoelectric film, wherein the piezoelectric element of the first column and the piezoelectric element of the second column are connected in series, and the second piezoelectric element A piezoelectric element characterized in that a piezoelectric element formed with a film interposed therebetween is laminated vertically.
請求項1記載の圧電素子において、
前記第1の列の圧電素子は、前記第1の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第1の圧電素子、第2の圧電素子および第3の圧電素子と、前記第2の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第4の圧電素子、第5の圧電素子および第6の圧電素子とを備え、前記両端の前記一端側から前記他端側へ順に前記第1の圧電素子、前記第2の圧電素子および前記第3の圧電素子が順に並んで配置しているとともに、前記両端の前記一端側から前記他端側へ順に前記第4の圧電素子、前記第5の圧電素子および前記第6の圧電素子が順に並んで配置していることと、
前記第1の圧電素子と前記第4の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第2の圧電素子と前記第5の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子が並列に接続するとともに、それぞれ並列に接続した圧電素子が直列に接続していることと、
前記第2の列の圧電素子は、前記第1の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第7の圧電素子、第8の圧電素子および第9の圧電素子と、前記第2の圧電膜の一部を挟んで配置する前記一対の電極を備えた第10の圧電素子、第11の圧電素子および第12の圧電素子とを備え、前記両端の前記他端側から前記一端側へ順に前記第7の圧電素子、前記第8の圧電素子および前記第9の圧電素子が順に並んで配置しているとともに、前記両端の前記他端側から前記一端側へ順に前記第10の圧電素子、前記第11の圧電素子および前記第12の圧電素子が順に並んで配置していることと、
前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第8の圧電素子と前記第11の圧電素子が並列に接続し、前記第9の圧電素子と前記第12の圧電素子が並列に接続するとともに、それぞれ並列に接続した圧電素子が直列に接続していることと、
並列接続した前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子の組と、並列接続した前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子の組とを直列に接続していることと、
前記第1の圧電素子と前記第4の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成され、前記第2の圧電素子と前記第5の圧電素子が、前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子が、前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成され、前記第8の圧電素子と前記第11の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成され、前記第9の圧電素子と前記第12の圧電素子が上下対称に積層形成されていることを特徴とする圧電素子。
The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein
The first row of piezoelectric elements includes a first piezoelectric element, a second piezoelectric element, and a third piezoelectric element that include the pair of electrodes disposed with a part of the first piezoelectric film interposed therebetween, A fourth piezoelectric element, a fifth piezoelectric element, and a sixth piezoelectric element, each including the pair of electrodes arranged with a part of the second piezoelectric film interposed therebetween, and the first end of the both ends from the one end side; The first piezoelectric element, the second piezoelectric element, and the third piezoelectric element are sequentially arranged in order toward the other end side, and the first piezoelectric element at the both ends is sequentially arranged from the one end side to the other end side. 4 piezoelectric elements, the fifth piezoelectric element and the sixth piezoelectric element are arranged in order,
The first piezoelectric element and the fourth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, the second piezoelectric element and the fifth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, and the third piezoelectric element and the sixth piezoelectric element are connected. The elements are connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric elements connected in parallel are connected in series,
The second row of piezoelectric elements includes a seventh piezoelectric element, an eighth piezoelectric element, and a ninth piezoelectric element that include the pair of electrodes disposed with a part of the first piezoelectric film interposed therebetween, A tenth piezoelectric element, an eleventh piezoelectric element, and a twelfth piezoelectric element, each having the pair of electrodes disposed with a part of the second piezoelectric film interposed therebetween, from the other end side of the both ends; The seventh piezoelectric element, the eighth piezoelectric element, and the ninth piezoelectric element are sequentially arranged in order toward the one end side, and the first piezoelectric element is sequentially arranged from the other end side of the both ends to the one end side. 10 piezoelectric elements, the eleventh piezoelectric element and the twelfth piezoelectric element are arranged in order,
The seventh piezoelectric element and the tenth piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, the eighth piezoelectric element and the eleventh piezoelectric element are connected in parallel, and the ninth piezoelectric element and the twelfth piezoelectric element are connected. The elements are connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric elements connected in parallel are connected in series,
A set of the third piezoelectric element and the sixth piezoelectric element connected in parallel, and a set of the seventh piezoelectric element and the tenth piezoelectric element connected in parallel;
The first piezoelectric element and the fourth piezoelectric element are laminated in a vertically symmetrical manner, and the second piezoelectric element and the fifth piezoelectric element are composed of the third piezoelectric element and the sixth piezoelectric element. The seventh piezoelectric element and the tenth piezoelectric element are laminated in a vertically symmetrical manner, the eighth piezoelectric element and the eleventh piezoelectric element are laminated in a vertically symmetrical manner, and the ninth piezoelectric element and A piezoelectric element characterized in that the twelfth piezoelectric elements are laminated in a vertically symmetrical manner.
請求項1又は2いずれか記載の圧電素子において、
前記第1又は前記第2の列を構成する圧電素子間、および前記第1の列と第2の列間は、前記第1の圧電膜あるいは前記第2の圧電膜の表面、裏面あるいは膜間に配置された前記圧電素子の電極から連続する延長部により接続していることを特徴とする圧電素子。
The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2,
Between the piezoelectric elements constituting the first or the second row, and between the first row and the second row, the surface, the back surface, or the film between the first piezoelectric film or the second piezoelectric film. A piezoelectric element characterized in that the piezoelectric element is connected by an extended portion that is continuous from the electrode of the piezoelectric element that is disposed on the substrate.
請求項1乃至3いずれか記載の圧電素子において、
前記第1の列の圧電素子の組と前記第2の列の圧電素子の組を交互に複数個接続配置していることを特徴とする圧電素子。
The piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A plurality of piezoelectric element sets in the first row and a plurality of piezoelectric element sets in the second row are alternately connected and arranged.
請求項1乃至4いずれか記載の圧電素子において、
振動により前記圧電膜が湾曲変位した場合に、該変位の変曲点により区画される領域毎に、少なくとも前記上下対称に積層形成された前記第1の圧電素子と前記第4の圧電素子と前記第9の圧電素子と前記第12の圧電素子、前記第2の圧電素子と前記第5の圧電素子と前記第8の圧電素子と前記第11の圧電素子、前記第3の圧電素子と前記第6の圧電素子と前記第7の圧電素子と前記第10の圧電素子のいずれかが配置されていることを特徴とする圧電素子。
The piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
When the piezoelectric film is bent and displaced by vibration, at least the first piezoelectric element, the fourth piezoelectric element, and the like, which are stacked at least in the vertical direction for each region defined by the inflection points of the displacement, The ninth piezoelectric element, the twelfth piezoelectric element, the second piezoelectric element, the fifth piezoelectric element, the eighth piezoelectric element, the eleventh piezoelectric element, the third piezoelectric element, and the first piezoelectric element 6. A piezoelectric element, wherein any one of the sixth piezoelectric element, the seventh piezoelectric element, and the tenth piezoelectric element is disposed.
請求項1乃至5いずれか記載の圧電素子において、
前記圧電膜は、音響圧力によって振動する膜であることを特徴とする圧電素子。
The piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The piezoelectric element is a film that vibrates by acoustic pressure.
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JP2002225269A (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-08-14 Brother Ind Ltd Ink-jet printer head and its piezoelectric element
JP2007228340A (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-09-06 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric thin-film device
WO2010002887A2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Piezoelectric memes microphone
JP2011097311A (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-12 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Piezoelectric microphone, and manufacturing method thereof
JP2016004155A (en) * 2014-06-17 2016-01-12 スタンレー電気株式会社 Optical deflector and piezoelectric laminate structure
JP2016046613A (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-04-04 株式会社村田製作所 Piezoelectric resonance unit, wireless power transmission system and filter

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002225269A (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-08-14 Brother Ind Ltd Ink-jet printer head and its piezoelectric element
JP2007228340A (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-09-06 Ngk Insulators Ltd Piezoelectric thin-film device
WO2010002887A2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Piezoelectric memes microphone
JP2011097311A (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-12 Murata Mfg Co Ltd Piezoelectric microphone, and manufacturing method thereof
JP2016004155A (en) * 2014-06-17 2016-01-12 スタンレー電気株式会社 Optical deflector and piezoelectric laminate structure
JP2016046613A (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-04-04 株式会社村田製作所 Piezoelectric resonance unit, wireless power transmission system and filter

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