JP2018077259A - Calculation apparatus and calculation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
この発明の実施形態は、例えば、二次電池の充電状態を算出する算出装置及び算出方法に関する。 Embodiments of the present invention relate to, for example, a calculation device and a calculation method for calculating a state of charge of a secondary battery.
二次電池の充電状態を正確に把握するためには、二次電池の電極の開回路電位を正確に把握することが重要である。二次電池では、充放電を開始した時点における電極の初期充電量に応じて、電極の開回路電位が異なることが知られている。すなわち、算出装置において、正確に二次電池の電極の開回路電位を把握するためには、様々な初期充電量ごとに複数のデータを事前に保存しておく必要があり、データの記憶領域を多く確保しなければならない。 In order to accurately grasp the state of charge of the secondary battery, it is important to accurately grasp the open circuit potential of the electrode of the secondary battery. In a secondary battery, it is known that the open circuit potential of an electrode varies depending on the initial charge amount of the electrode at the time when charging / discharging is started. That is, in the calculation device, in order to accurately grasp the open circuit potential of the electrode of the secondary battery, it is necessary to store a plurality of data in advance for each initial charge amount, and the data storage area Many must be secured.
本実施形態の目的は、データの記憶領域の増大を抑え、かつ初期充電量に依らずに正確な開回路電位を把握することができる算出装置及び算出方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present embodiment is to provide a calculation device and a calculation method capable of suppressing an increase in a data storage area and grasping an accurate open circuit potential without depending on an initial charge amount.
上記目的を達成するために本実施形態に係る算出装置は、二次電池に含まれる電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する第１算出部を備える。 In order to achieve the above object, the calculation device according to the present embodiment includes a relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the electrode included in the secondary battery, and a relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode. The first calculation unit that calculates the relationship between the charge amount and the potential according to an arbitrary initial charge amount is provided.
以下、図面を参照しながら本実施形態に係る算出装置及び算出方法について詳細に説明する。
（第１の実施形態）
図１は、第１の実施形態に係る二次電池の状態算出装置の構成を表す図である。図１に示す算出装置１００は、二次電池１０１、負荷もしくは電源１０２、電流検出部１０３、電圧検出部１０４、関数情報データベース１０５、充電履歴記録部１０６、活物質量算出部１０７（第２算出部）、開回路電位算出部１０８（第１算出部）、および容量算出部１０９（第３算出部）を含む。
Hereinafter, a calculation device and a calculation method according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a state calculation device for a secondary battery according to the first embodiment. 1 includes a secondary battery 101, a load or power supply 102, a current detection unit 103, a voltage detection unit 104, a function information database 105, a charge history recording unit 106, an active material amount calculation unit 107 (second calculation). Part), an open circuit potential calculation unit 108 (first calculation unit), and a capacitance calculation unit 109 (third calculation unit).
二次電池１０１は、たとえばリチウムイオン電池などの二次電池である。特に、充電側と放電側で開回路電圧が異なる二次電池である。なお、好ましくは、二次電池１０１を構成する正極材か負極材の少なくともどちらか一方が、充電側と放電側とで開回路電位が異なるため、充電側と放電側で開回路電圧が異なる特性を持つ二次電池である。具体的には、人造黒鉛または天然黒鉛からなる黒鉛質炭素や非晶質炭素を含む負極を有するリチウムイオン二次電池、固溶体型正極材料、例えばLi2MnO3-LixMOy固溶体（Mはニッケル、マンガン、コバルト、および鉄のうちのいずれか１つまたは複数の組み合わせ）を正極に含むリチウムイオン二次電池を挙げることができるが、これに限定するものではない。 Secondary battery 101 is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery. In particular, the secondary battery has different open circuit voltages on the charge side and the discharge side. Preferably, at least one of the positive electrode material and the negative electrode material constituting the secondary battery 101 has different open circuit voltages on the charge side and the discharge side, so that the open circuit voltage is different on the charge side and the discharge side. Secondary battery with Specifically, a lithium ion secondary battery having a negative electrode containing graphitic carbon or amorphous carbon made of artificial graphite or natural graphite, a solid solution positive electrode material, for example, Li2MnO3-LixMOy solid solution (M is nickel, manganese, cobalt, And a lithium ion secondary battery including a combination of any one or more of iron and iron) in the positive electrode, but is not limited thereto.
二次電池１０１は、複数の電池セルからなる組電池などの電池モジュールであってもよい。この場合に、種々のパラメータの測定および算出は、電池セル単位で行われてもよいし、電池モジュール単位で行われても良い。一般的には、電池モジュールに含まれる複数の電池セルの間で劣化の進行状況及び特性は必ずしも一致しないので、種々のパラメータの測定および算出は好ましくは電池セル単位で行われる。 The secondary battery 101 may be a battery module such as an assembled battery including a plurality of battery cells. In this case, measurement and calculation of various parameters may be performed in units of battery cells or in units of battery modules. In general, since the progress and characteristics of deterioration do not necessarily match among a plurality of battery cells included in the battery module, measurement and calculation of various parameters are preferably performed in units of battery cells.
充電側の充電量と電位（電圧）の関係とは、二次電池の充電中における充電量の変化に対する電位（電圧）の変化を示す関係、特に言及しない場合は空の状態から充電しながら取得した充電量と電位（電圧）の関係を示し、放電側の充電量と電位（電圧）の関係とは、二次電池の放電中における充電量の変化に対する電位（電圧）の変化を示す関係、特に言及しない場合は満充電の状態から放電しながら取得した充電量と電位（電圧）の関係を示す。ここで、満充電の状態とは二次電池ごとに規定されている充電スケジュールに従って充電を行った直後の状態であり、空の状態とは二次電池ごとに規定されている放電スケジュールに従って放電を行った直後の状態を指す。例えば、規定されている充電スケジュールとは、１Ａで４Ｖに達するまで一定電流で充電したのち、３Ｖで電流が０．１Ａになるまで充電するといった一定電流値と終止電圧、一定電圧値と終止電圧値が定められたＣＣＣＶ（定電流定電圧）充電であり、規定された放電とは、１Ａで２Ｖに達するまで一定電流で放電するといった一定電流値と終止電圧が定められたＣＣ（定電流）放電である。この場合、予備放電、予備充電を行うことで空の状態付近と満充電状態付近に近づけた後、規定された充電スケジュールまたは放電スケジュールに従って充放電を行うことが好適である。 The relationship between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential (voltage) is a relationship indicating the change in the potential (voltage) with respect to the change in the charge amount during charging of the secondary battery, and is obtained while charging from an empty state unless otherwise specified. The relationship between the charged amount and the potential (voltage) is shown. The relationship between the charged amount and the potential (voltage) on the discharge side is a relationship indicating the change in the potential (voltage) with respect to the change in the charged amount during the discharge of the secondary battery. Unless otherwise specified, the relationship between the amount of charge acquired while discharging from a fully charged state and the potential (voltage) is shown. Here, the fully charged state is the state immediately after charging according to the charging schedule specified for each secondary battery, and the empty state is the discharge according to the discharging schedule specified for each secondary battery. It refers to the state immediately after going. For example, the specified charging schedule is that a constant current value and a final voltage, such as charging at a constant current until 4V is reached at 1A and then charging until a current is 0.1A at 3V, a constant voltage value and a final voltage. CCCV (constant current constant voltage) charging with a specified value, and the specified discharge is a CC (constant current) with a constant current value and a final voltage that discharge at a constant current until it reaches 2V at 1A. Discharge. In this case, it is preferable to perform charging / discharging according to a prescribed charging schedule or discharging schedule after the preliminary discharging and preliminary charging are performed to bring them close to an empty state and a full charging state.
図２に、二次電池の充電量と電圧との関係の一例を示す。横軸は充電量［ｍＡｈ］、縦軸は電圧［Ｖ］を示す。図２において、実線が空の状態から充電しながら開回路電圧を取得した場合の充電量と電圧との関係で、破線が満充電の状態から放電しながら開回路電圧を取得した場合の充電量と電圧との関係である。 FIG. 2 shows an example of the relationship between the charge amount and voltage of the secondary battery. The horizontal axis indicates the charge amount [mAh], and the vertical axis indicates the voltage [V]. In FIG. 2, the relationship between the charge amount and voltage when the open line voltage is acquired while charging from an empty state in the solid line, and the charge amount when the open line voltage is acquired while discharging from the fully charged state is indicated by a broken line. And the voltage.
負荷もしくは電源１０２は、二次電池１０１に接続され、電力を消費する負荷もしくは、電力を供給する電源である。 The load or power source 102 is connected to the secondary battery 101 and is a load that consumes power or a power source that supplies power.
電流検出部１０３は、二次電池１０１に流れる電流を検出する。 The current detection unit 103 detects a current flowing through the secondary battery 101.
電圧検出部１０４は、二次電池１０１の正極端子と負極端子との間の電圧を検出する。 The voltage detector 104 detects the voltage between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the secondary battery 101.
関数情報データベース１０５には、二次電池１０１を構成する各電極を構成する活物質の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数（例えば図３および図４）が記録されている。これらの関数は、例えばテーブル形式、値、ルックアップテーブルなどの形式で保存されても良い。具体的には、開回路電位曲線であるが、低レート（例えば０．２Ｃレート以下）で充電または放電した電圧変化を用いても良い。活物質が放電側と充電側で充電量と電位の関係異なる場合には、一つの活物質について少なくとも空の状態から充電した場合の充電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数と満充電から放電した場合の放電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数とが記録されている。充電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数は充電開始時の充電量に応じて、放電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数は放電開始時の充電量に応じて複数記録されていても良いが、記録領域の削減のため少ない方が好適である。 In the function information database 105, a function (for example, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) showing the relationship between the charge amount of the active material constituting each electrode constituting the secondary battery 101 and the potential is recorded. These functions may be stored in a format such as a table format, a value, or a lookup table. Specifically, although it is an open circuit potential curve, a change in voltage charged or discharged at a low rate (for example, 0.2 C rate or less) may be used. When the relationship between the charge amount and the potential is different between the discharge side and the charge side, a function indicating the relationship between the charge amount and the potential on the charge side and the full charge when one active material is charged from at least an empty state A function indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential when discharged from is recorded. A function indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential is recorded according to the charge amount at the start of charging, and a plurality of functions indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential are recorded according to the charge amount at the start of discharge. However, a smaller number is preferable for reducing the recording area.
図３および図４に、正極活物質および負極活物質の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数の一例を示す。図３は、正極の関数であり、充電側と放電側で充電量と電位との関係は同じであるものとする。図４は、負極の関数であるが、充電側と放電側で充電量と電位との関係が異なり、実線で充電側（電池として構成した際に）の充電量と電位との関係、破線で放電側（電池として構成した際に）の充電量と電位との関係を示す。 3 and 4 show an example of a function indicating the relationship between the charge amount and the potential of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material. FIG. 3 is a function of the positive electrode, and the relationship between the charge amount and the potential is the same on the charge side and the discharge side. FIG. 4 is a function of the negative electrode, but the relationship between the charge amount and the potential is different on the charge side and the discharge side, the relationship between the charge amount and the potential on the charge side (when configured as a battery) with a solid line, and the broken line The relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side (when configured as a battery) and the potential is shown.
充電履歴記録部１０６、活物質量算出部１０７、開回路電位算出部１０８および容量算出部１０９は、例えば、専用の集積回路もしくはＣＰＵ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇ Ｕｎｉｔ）、ＭＣＵ（Ｍｉｃｒｏ Ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ Ｕｎｉｔ）などの演算装置とＲＡＭ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｃｃｅｓｓ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）、ＲＯＭ（Ｒｅａｄ Ｏｎｌｙ Ｍｅｍｏｒｙ）などの記憶装置との組み合わせで構成される。 The charge history recording unit 106, the active material amount calculation unit 107, the open circuit potential calculation unit 108, and the capacity calculation unit 109 are, for example, a dedicated integrated circuit or a computing device such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or MCU (Micro Control Unit). And a storage device such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a ROM (Read Only Memory).
充電履歴記録部１０６は、充電時または放電時に電流検出部１０３で検出された電流および電圧検出部１０４で検出された電圧を記録する。 The charge history recording unit 106 records the current detected by the current detection unit 103 and the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 104 during charging or discharging.
図５に、充電履歴記録部１０６の処理の流れを示す。充電履歴記録部１０６は、二次電池１０１の充電が開始されたときにステップ１００１から処理を開始し、ある時間間隔ごとに図５に示すステップ１００２の処理を繰り返し実行する。この時間間隔は任意に設定することが可能であるが、たとえば０．１秒から１秒間隔程度に設定されることが好ましい。 FIG. 5 shows a processing flow of the charging history recording unit 106. The charging history recording unit 106 starts processing from step 1001 when charging of the secondary battery 101 is started, and repeatedly executes the processing of step 1002 shown in FIG. 5 at certain time intervals. Although this time interval can be set arbitrarily, it is preferable that the time interval be set to about 0.1 to 1 second, for example.
充電履歴記録部１０６は、ステップ１００１から処理を開始し、ステップ１００２において電流、電圧、時刻を記録する。ここで、時刻は絶対時刻、充電が開始されてからの相対時刻のいずれであっても構わない。また、充電履歴記録部１０６の処理が一定時間間隔で繰り返されている場合は、時刻の記録は省略することが可能である。ステップ１００３で二次電池１０１の充電が終了すると、ステップ１００４において処理を終了する。 The charging history recording unit 106 starts processing from step 1001 and records current, voltage, and time in step 1002. Here, the time may be either an absolute time or a relative time after charging is started. Further, when the process of the charging history recording unit 106 is repeated at regular time intervals, the time recording can be omitted. When the charging of the secondary battery 101 is completed in step 1003, the process is terminated in step 1004.
図６に、充電時の電流・電圧履歴の一例を示す。図６中の破線で示されるのが電流履歴、実線で示されるのが電圧履歴である。図６に示す充電履歴は、二次電池の充電方法として一般的に用いられるＣＣＣＶ充電の例である。 FIG. 6 shows an example of current / voltage history during charging. In FIG. 6, the current history is indicated by a broken line, and the voltage history is indicated by a solid line. The charging history shown in FIG. 6 is an example of CCCV charging that is generally used as a method for charging a secondary battery.
本実施例形態で示す活物質量算出部１０７の処理においては、たとえばＣＣＣＶ充電全体の充電履歴や、ＣＣ充電区間（図６のｔ０からｔ１の間）の充電履歴のみを用いることが可能である。 In the processing of the active material amount calculation unit 107 shown in the present embodiment, for example, it is possible to use only the charging history of the entire CCCV charging or the charging history of the CC charging section (between t0 and t1 in FIG. 6). .
活物質量算出部１０７は、開回路電位算出部１０８によって算出される正極の充電量と電位との関係を表す関数（ｆｃ）と、負極の初期充電量によって変動する負極の充電量と電位との関係を表す関数（ｆａ）とを用いて、充電履歴記録部１０６で記録した充電履歴から回帰分析を行うことによって、正極（特に、正極活物質）の質量、負極（とくに負極活物質）の質量を算出する。 The active material amount calculation unit 107 includes a function (fc) representing the relationship between the charge amount of the positive electrode and the potential calculated by the open circuit potential calculation unit 108, and the charge amount and potential of the negative electrode that vary depending on the initial charge amount of the negative electrode. And the function (fa) representing the relationship between the charge history recorded in the charge history recording unit 106 and regression analysis, the mass of the positive electrode (particularly the positive electrode active material), the negative electrode (particularly the negative electrode active material) Calculate the mass.
具体的には、正極（特に、正極活物質）の質量、負極（とくに負極活物質）の質量、正極の初期充電量、負極の初期充電量、二次電池１０１の内部抵抗値を算出する。なお、簡単化のために、以降の説明では正極および負極はそれぞれ１種類の活物質からなると仮定されるが、複数の活物質からなる正極および負極についても本実施形態は適用可能である。また，簡単化のために、二次電池１０１の負極材が充電側と放電側で充電量と電位の関係が異なるものとして仮定されるが、充電側と放電側で充電量と電位の関係が異なる特性を持つものが正極または正極と負極の両方であっても本実施形態は適用可能である。 Specifically, the mass of the positive electrode (particularly positive electrode active material), the mass of the negative electrode (particularly negative electrode active material), the initial charge amount of the positive electrode, the initial charge amount of the negative electrode, and the internal resistance value of the secondary battery 101 are calculated. For simplification, in the following description, it is assumed that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are each made of one type of active material, but this embodiment can also be applied to a positive electrode and a negative electrode made of a plurality of active materials. Further, for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the negative electrode material of the secondary battery 101 has a relationship between the charge amount and the potential on the charge side and the discharge side, but there is a relationship between the charge amount and the potential on the charge side and the discharge side. The present embodiment can be applied even when the positive electrode or both the positive electrode and the negative electrode have different characteristics.
二次電池１０１の正極および負極がそれぞれ１種類の活物質からなる二次電池を充電する場合、当該二次電池１０１の時刻tにおける端子電圧Ｖｔは、数式１で表すことができる。
ここで、時刻ｔにおける電流値は、充電履歴記録部１０６に記録された電流検出部１０３の検出値であり、時刻ｔにおける電池の充電量は、電流値を時間積分することにより算出することができる。正極の充電量と電位との関係を表す関数（図３）、および負極の初期充電量によって変動する負極の充電量と電位との関係を表す関数（図４）は、開回路電位算出部１０８によって算出される。 Here, the current value at time t is the detection value of the current detection unit 103 recorded in the charging history recording unit 106, and the amount of charge of the battery at time t can be calculated by time-integrating the current value. it can. A function representing the relationship between the charge amount of the positive electrode and the potential (FIG. 3) and a function representing the relationship between the charge amount of the negative electrode and the potential (FIG. 4), which vary depending on the initial charge amount of the negative electrode (FIG. 4). Is calculated by
活物質量算出部１０７は、充電履歴記録部１０６で所与の測定時刻に関連付けられて記憶されている二次電池１０１の端子電圧値と上記（数式１）に従って算出される端子電圧値との間の残差が小さくなるように後述される回帰分析を行うことによってパラメータセットを算出する。活物質量算出部１０７は、例えば下記（数式２）に示される二乗誤差和の形式の残差Ｅを最小化するパラメータセットを算出してもよい。
なお、回帰分析の対象となる期間は、測定値の誤差に起因する悪影響（例えば算出されるパラメータの誤差）を抑制する観点から、好ましくはＣＣ充電期間またはＣＣ放電期間に相当するが、他の期間に相当しても良い。 The period subject to regression analysis is preferably equivalent to the CC charge period or CC discharge period from the viewpoint of suppressing adverse effects caused by measurement error (for example, calculated parameter error). It may correspond to a period.
活物質量算出部１０７は、残差を最小化するパラメータセットを算出するために種々のアルゴリズムを利用できる。例えば、Ｇａｕｓｓ−Ｎｅｗｔｏｎ法やＬｅｖｅｎｂｅｒｇ−Ｍａｒｑｕａｒｄｔ法などの一階微分を利用してパラメータセットを算出しても良いし、粒子群最適化や遺伝的アルゴリズムなどのメタヒューリスティックアルゴリズムを用いてパラメータセットを算出してもよい。 The active material amount calculation unit 107 can use various algorithms to calculate a parameter set that minimizes the residual. For example, the parameter set may be calculated using first-order differentiation such as Gauss-Newton method or Levenberg-Marquardt method, or the parameter set may be calculated using a metaheuristic algorithm such as particle swarm optimization or genetic algorithm. May be.
開回路電位算出部１０８は、関数情報データベース１０５と正極または負極の初期充電量を用いて、初期充電量によって変動する正極または負極の電位と充電量の関係を算出する。つまり、二次電池に含まれる電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、当該電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出することができる。 The open circuit potential calculation unit 108 uses the function information database 105 and the initial charge amount of the positive electrode or the negative electrode to calculate the relationship between the potential of the positive electrode or the negative electrode and the charge amount that varies depending on the initial charge amount. That is, the charge amount according to an arbitrary initial charge amount based on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the electrode included in the secondary battery, and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode. And the potential can be calculated.
充電側と放電側で充電量と電位との関係が変化しない活物質、または関数情報データベース１０５に充電量と電位との関係が１つの活物質に対して１種類しか存在しない場合、開回路電位算出部１０８は関数情報データベース１０５を参照して充電量に応じた電位（開回路電位）を算出する。ここで開回路電位とは、低レート（例えば０．２Ｃレート以下）で充電または放電した場合の電圧も含む。 An active material in which the relationship between the charge amount and the potential does not change between the charge side and the discharge side, or when there is only one type of relationship between the charge amount and the potential in the function information database 105 for one active material, an open circuit potential The calculation unit 108 refers to the function information database 105 to calculate a potential (open circuit potential) corresponding to the charge amount. Here, the open circuit potential includes a voltage when charged or discharged at a low rate (for example, 0.2 C rate or less).
以下では、充電側と放電側で充電量と電位との関係が異なる活物質について説明する。なお、簡単化のために、以降の説明では関数情報データベース１０５に充電側の充電量と電位の関係と放電側の充電量と電位の関係を示す関数とが記憶されているとする。例えば、図４を参照すると、活物質が空の状態からではなく、途中の状態から充電された場合、充電を開始した状態に応じて、充電量と電位との関係が変化するが、その電位はある充電量に対し、空の状態から充電し、その充電量に達したときの充電側の電位（図４の実線）よりも大きく（二次電池の電圧としてみた場合には小さく）、満充電から放電しその充電量に達したときの放電側の電位（図４の波線）よりも小さく（二次電池の電圧としてみた場合には大きく）なる。 Below, the active material from which the relationship of charge amount and electric potential differs on the charge side and discharge side is demonstrated. For the sake of simplification, in the following description, it is assumed that the function information database 105 stores the relationship between the charge amount on the charging side and the potential and the function indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the discharging side and the potential. For example, referring to FIG. 4, when the active material is charged from an intermediate state rather than from an empty state, the relationship between the amount of charge and the potential changes depending on the state where charging is started. Is charged from an empty state with respect to a certain amount of charge, and is larger than the potential on the charge side (solid line in FIG. 4) when it reaches that amount (small when viewed as the voltage of the secondary battery). It becomes smaller (larger when viewed as the voltage of the secondary battery) than the potential on the discharge side (the wavy line in FIG. 4) when the charge is discharged and the amount of charge is reached.
つまり、途中から充電を開始した電位は、充電時の電位と放電時の電位との中間にあるため、放電時の電位に対する充電時の電位の比を用いて表現することができる。 In other words, the potential at which charging is started halfway is between the potential at the time of charging and the potential at the time of discharging, and therefore can be expressed using the ratio of the potential at the time of charging to the potential at the time of discharging.
途中から充電した場合の電位＝ｋ×充電時の電位＋（１−ｋ）×放電時の電位
ｋは、０≦ｋ≦１であり、充電開始時の充電状態に依存する関数として表現することにより、非常に簡便に充電開始時の充電状態ごとの電位を算出できる。ここで、充電状態としては、充電量を示す値、充電量を規定の満充電量で正規化することで得られる値を用いることができる。ｋを導出する関数の例を以下に示す。
Potential when charging from the middle = k × potential at charging + (1−k) × potential at discharging
k is 0 ≦ k ≦ 1, and by expressing it as a function depending on the state of charge at the start of charging, the potential for each state of charge at the start of charging can be calculated very simply. Here, as the state of charge, a value indicating the charge amount and a value obtained by normalizing the charge amount with a specified full charge amount can be used. An example of a function for deriving k is shown below.
（関数例１）
負極の充電開始時の充電状態をＱｓとし、充電状態Ｑにおける放電時の電位に対する充電時の電位の比ｋ（Ｑ）を数式３Ａで表す。
The charging state at the start of charging of the negative electrode is Qs, and the ratio k (Q) of the charging potential to the discharging potential in the charging state Q is expressed by Equation 3A.
ここで、Ｑｌは放電時の電位から充電時の電位に移行する速さを表す定数である。Ｑ、Ｑｓは、０≦Ｑ≦１、０≦Ｑｓ≦１である。 Here, Ql is a constant that represents the speed at which the potential at the time of discharging transitions to the potential at the time of charging. Q and Qs are 0 ≦ Q ≦ 1 and 0 ≦ Qs ≦ 1.
図７に、数式３Ａで表される充電時の電位と放電時の電位との比ｋ（Ｑ）の一例を示す。図７の一点鎖線は充電開始時の充電状態をＱｓ１としたときの比ｋ（Ｑ）を示し、二点鎖線は充電開始時の充電状態をＱｓ１より大きいＱｓ２としたときの比ｋ（Ｑ）を示す。 FIG. 7 shows an example of the ratio k (Q) between the electric potential at the time of charging and the electric potential at the time of discharging represented by Formula 3A. The one-dot chain line in FIG. 7 indicates the ratio k (Q) when the charging state at the start of charging is Qs 1, and the two-dot chain line is the ratio k when the charging state at the start of charging is Qs 2 greater than Qs 1. (Q) is shown.
図８に、図４で示した負極活物質の充電側と放電側の充電量と電位との関係を用いて、図７の比ｋ（Ｑ）で計算される充電量と電位との関係を示す。図８において、実線は充電側の充電量と電位との関係、破線は放電側の充電量と電位との関係、一点鎖線と二点鎖線とが、それぞれ図７の充電開始の充電状態をＱｓ１としたとき、充電開始の充電状態をＱｓ２としたときのグラフに対応している。 FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the charge amount and potential calculated by the ratio k (Q) in FIG. 7 using the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side and discharge side of the negative electrode active material shown in FIG. Show. In FIG. 8, the solid line indicates the relationship between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential, the broken line indicates the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential, and the one-dot chain line and the two-dot chain line indicate the charge state at the start of charging in FIG. when set to 1, which corresponds to the graph in which the charge state of the charge start was Qs 2.
（関数例２）
関数例２は、数式３Ｂに示すように、ｋ（Ｑ）をＱの対数関数で表現する。
In Function Example 2, k (Q) is expressed by a logarithmic function of Q, as shown in Formula 3B.
（関数例３）
関数例３は、数式３Ｃに示すように、ｋ（Ｑ）を２つの一次関数の近似パターンで表現する。
In Function Example 3, k (Q) is expressed by an approximation pattern of two linear functions as shown in Formula 3C.
（関数例４）
関数例４は、数式３Ｄに示すように、ｋ（Ｑ）を分割楕円で表現する。
In Function Example 4, k (Q) is expressed by a divided ellipse as shown in Equation 3D.
すなわち、ｋ（Ｑ）は、Ｑについての非減少関数であって、Ｑが大きくなる方向に、０付近から始まり、１に近づいていく特性を持つ。また、ｋ（Ｑ）は、Ｑが大きくなるにつれて徐々に傾きが小さくなる特性を持つ。図７においては、Ｑが小さい範囲では、傾きが大きいのに対して、Ｑが大きい範囲では傾きは０である。 That is, k (Q) is a non-decreasing function for Q, and has a characteristic that starts from around 0 and approaches 1 in the direction of increasing Q. Further, k (Q) has a characteristic that the gradient gradually decreases as Q increases. In FIG. 7, the slope is large in the range where Q is small, while the slope is 0 in the range where Q is large.
本実施例では，充電開始時の充電状態によって変動する充電側の充電量と電位の関係の算出について述べたが、放電開始時の充電状態によって変動する放電側の充電量と電位の関係を算出する場合には、ｋ（Ｑ）を途中から放電した場合の電位＝ｋ×放電時の電位＋（１−ｋ）×充電時の電位とし、充電開始時の充電状態を放電開始時の充電状態とすれば良い。関数ｋ（Ｑ）は充電側と放電側で同じであっても良いが、特性が異なる場合にはそれぞれ関数を別々に持っておく方が好適である。 In this embodiment, calculation of the relationship between the charge amount on the charging side and the potential that varies depending on the charge state at the start of charging has been described. However, the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side that varies depending on the charge state at the start of discharging is calculated. When k (Q) is discharged from the middle, the potential is equal to k × the potential at the time of discharge + (1−k) × the potential at the time of charging, and the charging state at the start of charging is the charging state at the start of discharging. What should I do? The function k (Q) may be the same on the charge side and the discharge side, but if the characteristics are different, it is preferable to have the functions separately.
容量算出部１０９は、活物質量算出部１０７により算出された、正極の活物質量、負極の活物質量、正極の初期充電量、および負極の初期充電量を利用し、電池の開回路電圧と電池の容量とを算出する。 The capacity calculation unit 109 uses the active material amount of the positive electrode, the active material amount of the negative electrode, the initial charge amount of the positive electrode, and the initial charge amount of the negative electrode, which are calculated by the active material amount calculation unit 107, and the open circuit voltage of the battery And the capacity of the battery.
図９を参照して、容量算出部１０９の処理の詳細を説明する。 Details of the processing of the capacity calculation unit 109 will be described with reference to FIG.
容量算出部１０９は、活物質量算出部１０７の処理が終了したのち、ステップ１２０１から処理を開始する。 The capacity calculation unit 109 starts processing from step 1201 after the processing of the active material amount calculation unit 107 is completed.
ステップ１２０２では、容量算出部１０９は、充電量ｑｎの初期値を設定する。ｑｎの初期値は任意の値に設定することが可能であるが、活物質量算出部１０７で算出された正極もしくは負極の初期充電量と活物質量から算出してもよい。具体的には、初期充電量が１０ｍＡｈ／ｇであり、活物質量が１０ｇである場合には、充電量ｑｎは−１００ｍＡｈ程度に設定することが望ましい。 In step 1202, the capacity calculation unit 109 sets the initial value of the charge amount q n. The initial value of q n is can be set to any value, may be calculated from an initial charge amount and the amount of active material of the positive electrode or the negative electrode which is calculated in the active material amount calculating unit 107. Specifically, when the initial charge amount is 10 mAh / g and the active material amount is 10 g, the charge amount q n is desirably set to about −100 mAh.
ステップ１２０３において、容量算出部１０９は、開回路電圧を算出する。開回路電圧の算出には、数式４を用いることができる。
ここで、のぞみの初期充電量は、具体的には、のぞみの初期充電量を０として空の状態から充電した場合の開回路電位を開回路電位算出部１０８によって算出することにより、電池の開回路電圧を算出する。ただし、必要であれば、のぞみの初期充電量を任意の値、もしくは放電時の充電量と電位との関係として、二次電池の開回路電圧を算出しても良い。 Here, the initial charge amount of Nozomi is specifically determined by calculating the open circuit potential when charging from an empty state with the initial charge amount of Nozomi being 0, by the open circuit potential calculation unit 108. Calculate the circuit voltage. However, if necessary, the open circuit voltage of the secondary battery may be calculated using the initial charge amount of Nozomi as an arbitrary value or the relationship between the charge amount during discharging and the potential.
次に、ステップ１２０４において、容量算出部１０９、ステップ１２０３で算出された開回路電圧を予め定められた電池の下限電圧と比較する。電池の下限電圧は、二次電池１０１に用いられる正極活物質と負極活物質との組み合わせによって定まる値である。具体的には、正極活物質、負極活物質それぞれについて安全性、寿命、抵抗などの観点から適切な使用範囲の電圧を定め、その組み合わせによって電池としての使用範囲の下限、上限電圧を決定する。開回路電圧が予め定められた下限電圧未満であった場合ステップ１２０６に、下限電圧以上であった場合ステップ１２０５に進む。 Next, in step 1204, the capacity calculation unit 109 and the open circuit voltage calculated in step 1203 are compared with a predetermined lower limit voltage of the battery. The lower limit voltage of the battery is a value determined by the combination of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material used for the secondary battery 101. Specifically, a voltage within an appropriate usage range is determined for each of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material from the viewpoints of safety, life, resistance, and the like, and the lower limit and upper limit voltage of the usage range as a battery are determined by the combination thereof. If the open circuit voltage is less than the predetermined lower limit voltage, the process proceeds to step 1206. If the open circuit voltage is greater than or equal to the lower limit voltage, the process proceeds to step 1205.
ステップ１２０５においては、充電量ｑｎからΔｑｎを減算する。ここでΔｑｎは任意の値に設定可能であるが、二次電池１０１の公称容量の１／１０００から１／１００程度にすることが望ましい。具体的には二次電池１０１の公称容量が１０００ｍＡｈであれば１ｍＡｈから１０ｍＡｈ程度の範囲に設定することが望ましい。 In step 1205, Δq n is subtracted from the charge amount q n . Here, Δq n can be set to an arbitrary value, but is desirably about 1/1000 to 1/100 of the nominal capacity of the secondary battery 101. Specifically, when the nominal capacity of the secondary battery 101 is 1000 mAh, it is desirable to set the secondary battery 101 in a range of about 1 mAh to 10 mAh.
ステップ１２０６では、容量算出部１０９は、充電量ｑｎにΔｑｎを加算し、ステップ１２０７に進み、上記数式４を用いて開回路電圧を算出する。そして、ステップ１２０８においては、容量算出部１０９は、ステップ１２０７で算出された開回路電圧を予め定められた電池の下限電圧と比較する。開回路電圧が予め定められた下限電圧未満であった場合はステップ１２０６に、下限電圧以上であった場合は、ステップ１２０９に進む。 In step 1206, the capacity calculation unit 109 adds Δq n to the charge amount q n , proceeds to step 1207, and calculates an open circuit voltage using Equation 4 above. In step 1208, the capacity calculation unit 109 compares the open circuit voltage calculated in step 1207 with a predetermined lower limit voltage of the battery. If the open circuit voltage is less than the predetermined lower limit voltage, the process proceeds to step 1206. If the open circuit voltage is greater than or equal to the lower limit voltage, the process proceeds to step 1209.
ステップ１２０９に進む時点において、開回路電圧が予め定められた下限電圧をちょうど超えるｑｎが求まることになる。ステップ１２０９においては、容量算出部１０９は、充電量を０と記録し、ステップ１２０７で算出された開回路電圧Ｅｔと合わせて記録する。また、このときの充電量ｑｎをｑｎ０とする。 At the time of proceeding to step 1209, q n whose open circuit voltage just exceeds the predetermined lower limit voltage is obtained. In step 1209, the capacity calculation unit 109, the charge amount was recorded as 0, is recorded in conjunction with open-circuit voltage E t calculated in step 1207. Further, the charge amount q n at this time is defined as q n0 .
ステップ１２１０では、容量算出部１０９は、充電量ｑｎにΔｑｎを加算し、スステップ１２１１において、上記数式４を用いて開回路電圧を算出し、ステップ１２１２に進む。 In step 1210, the capacity calculation unit 109 adds Δq n to the charge amount q n , calculates an open circuit voltage using the above equation 4 in step 1211, and proceeds to step 1212.
ステップ１２１２では、容量算出部１０９は、充電量ｑｎからｑｎ０を引いた値と、ステップ１２１１で算出された開回路電圧Ｅｔとを記録し、ステップ１２１３に進む。 In step 1212, the capacity calculation unit 109 records the value obtained by subtracting the q n0 from the charge amount q n, and the open circuit voltage E t calculated in step 1211, the process proceeds to step 1213.
ステップ１２１３においては、容量算出部１０９は、ステップ１２１１で算出された開回路電圧を予め定められた電池の上限電圧と比較する。電池の上限電圧は、二次電池１０１に用いられる正極活物質と負極活物質との組み合わせによって定まる値である。開回路電圧が予め定められた上限電圧未満であった場合はステップ１２１０に進み、ステップ１２１３において開回路電圧が予め定められた上限電圧以上となった場合に、ステップ１２１４に進む。 In step 1213, the capacity calculation unit 109 compares the open circuit voltage calculated in step 1211 with a predetermined upper limit voltage of the battery. The upper limit voltage of the battery is a value determined by the combination of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material used for the secondary battery 101. If the open circuit voltage is less than the predetermined upper limit voltage, the process proceeds to step 1210. If the open circuit voltage becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined upper limit voltage in step 1213, the process proceeds to step 1214.
ステップ１２１４において、容量算出部１０９は、開回路電圧が予め定められた電池の上限電圧を越える点の充電量ｑｎと開回路電圧が予め定められた電池の下限電圧を越える点の充電量ｑｎ０との差ｑｎ−ｑｎ０を計算することで電池の容量（満充電容量）として出力し、ステップ１２１５において処理を終了する。 In step 1214, the capacity calculation unit 109 determines the charge amount q n at the point where the open circuit voltage exceeds the predetermined upper limit voltage of the battery and the charge amount q at the point where the open circuit voltage exceeds the predetermined lower limit voltage of the battery. the difference q n -q n0 of the n0 is outputted as a battery capacity (full charging capacity) by calculating, the process ends in step 1215.
図１０に、容量算出部１０９によって算出される充電量と開回路電圧との関係を表す関数の一例を示す。図１１は、図１０に示す関数の縦軸を拡大した上で、充電側および放電側の開回路電圧の曲線を重ねて表示したものである。図１１においては、一点鎖線がこの容量算出部１０９によって算出される充電量と開回路電圧との関係を表す関数を示す。さらに、図１１の実線が空の状態から充電しながら開回路電圧を取得した場合の充電量と電圧との関係を表す関数（充電側の開回路電圧）を示し、図１１の破線が満充電の状態から放電しながら開回路電圧を取得した場合の充電量と電圧との関係を表す関数（放電側の開回路電圧）を示している。 FIG. 10 shows an example of a function representing the relationship between the charge amount calculated by the capacity calculation unit 109 and the open circuit voltage. FIG. 11 is a graph in which the vertical axis of the function shown in FIG. 10 is enlarged and the open circuit voltage curves on the charge side and the discharge side are superimposed and displayed. In FIG. 11, the alternate long and short dash line indicates a function representing the relationship between the charge amount calculated by the capacity calculation unit 109 and the open circuit voltage. Furthermore, the function (charge side open circuit voltage) representing the relationship between the amount of charge and the voltage when the open circuit voltage is acquired while charging from an empty state in the solid line in FIG. 11 is shown, and the broken line in FIG. 3 shows a function (discharge-side open circuit voltage) representing the relationship between the amount of charge and the voltage when the open circuit voltage is acquired while discharging from the state.
図１１によれば、負極が充電側と放電側とで充電量と電位との関係が異なるため、例えば、開回路電圧に基づいて充電量を電圧から推定する際に、計測された電圧がＡである場合、充電側の開回路電圧（図１１の実線）で求めた充電量と、放電側の開回路電圧（図１１の波線）で求めた充電量との間には幅があることがわかる。この第１の実施形態の開回路電位算出部１０８により、活物質が空の状態からではなく、途中の状態から充電または放電した場合の開回路電圧（図１１の一点鎖線）を正しく求めることで、充電量および容量を高精度に算出することが可能となる。 According to FIG. 11, since the relationship between the charge amount and the potential is different between the charge side and the discharge side of the negative electrode, for example, when the charge amount is estimated from the voltage based on the open circuit voltage, the measured voltage is A In this case, there is a gap between the charge amount obtained from the open circuit voltage on the charge side (solid line in FIG. 11) and the charge amount obtained from the open circuit voltage on the discharge side (dashed line in FIG. 11). Recognize. The open circuit potential calculation unit 108 of the first embodiment correctly calculates an open circuit voltage (a dashed line in FIG. 11) when the active material is charged or discharged from an intermediate state, not from an empty state. In addition, the charge amount and capacity can be calculated with high accuracy.
したがって、第１実施形態によれば、データの記憶領域の増大を抑え、かつ初期充電量に依らずに正確な開回路電位を把握することができる。これにより、さらに二次電池の容量、充電状態（ＳＯＣ）等も正確に推定できる。また、空の状態から充電しながら開回路電圧を取得した場合の充電量と電圧との関係を表す関数と、満充電の状態から放電しながら開回路電圧を取得した場合の充電量と電圧との関係を表す関数とをあらかじめ計測して記憶しておけば、所定の関数等により任意の初期充電量に関する充電量と開回路電圧との関係を表す関数を計算により容易に求めることができるため、さらに記憶領域を削減できる。 Therefore, according to the first embodiment, an increase in the data storage area can be suppressed, and an accurate open circuit potential can be grasped regardless of the initial charge amount. Thereby, the capacity | capacitance of a secondary battery, a charge condition (SOC), etc. can be estimated correctly further. In addition, a function representing the relationship between the charge amount and voltage when the open circuit voltage is acquired while charging from an empty state, and the charge amount and voltage when the open circuit voltage is acquired while discharging from a fully charged state If a function representing the relationship between the charge amount and the open circuit voltage can be easily obtained by calculation, a function representing the relationship between the charge amount and the open circuit voltage for an arbitrary initial charge amount can be easily obtained by a predetermined function or the like. Further, the storage area can be reduced.
本実施形態においては充電時の電圧変化からによる充電時の開回路電圧算出と容量算出について説明したが、初期充電量によって変化する放電時の充電量と電位との関係とを関数で表現することにより、放電時の開回路電圧算出と容量算出も同様に可能である。 In the present embodiment, the open circuit voltage calculation and the capacity calculation at the time of charging due to the voltage change at the time of charging have been described, but the relationship between the charging amount and the potential at the time of discharging, which varies depending on the initial charging amount, is expressed as a function. Thus, open circuit voltage calculation and capacity calculation at the time of discharge are possible as well.
（第２の実施形態）
図１２は、第２の実施形態に係る算出装置の構成を表す図である。図１２に示す算出装置２００は、二次電池１０１、負荷もしくは電源１０２、電流検出部１０３、電圧検出部１０４、関数情報データベース１０５、充電履歴記録部１０６、活物質量算出部１０７、開回路電位算出部１０８、容量算出部１０９、および充電状態算出部１１０を含む。
(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a calculation apparatus according to the second embodiment. 12 includes a secondary battery 101, a load or power supply 102, a current detection unit 103, a voltage detection unit 104, a function information database 105, a charge history recording unit 106, an active material amount calculation unit 107, an open circuit potential. A calculation unit 108, a capacity calculation unit 109, and a charge state calculation unit 110 are included.
なお、算出装置２００のうち、上記第１の実施形態に示した図１と同じ符号を用いている部分については第１の実施形態と同様であるため、ここでは詳細な説明は省略する。 Note that the portion of the calculation device 200 that uses the same reference numerals as those of FIG. 1 shown in the first embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, and therefore detailed description thereof is omitted here.
以下、上記第１の実施形態との差異である、充電状態算出部１１０を中心に説明する。
充電状態算出部１１０は、活物質量算出部１０７で得られた正極の質量と初期充電量と、負極の質量と初期充電量と、容量算出部１０９で得られた二次電池１０１の容量とを用いて、二次電池１０１の充電状態を算出する。
Hereinafter, the charging state calculation unit 110 that is a difference from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
The charge state calculation unit 110 includes a positive electrode mass and an initial charge amount obtained by the active material amount calculation unit 107, a negative electrode mass and an initial charge amount, and a capacity of the secondary battery 101 obtained by the capacity calculation unit 109. Is used to calculate the state of charge of the secondary battery 101.
図１３に、充電状態算出部１１０の処理の流れを示す。充電状態算出部１１０は、ステップ１３０１から処理を開始し、ステップ１３０２において容量算出部１０９から容量を、ステップ１３０３において活物質量算出部１０７からパラメータセット（正極の質量と初期充電量、負極の質量と初期充電量）を取得する。 FIG. 13 shows a processing flow of the charging state calculation unit 110. The charging state calculation unit 110 starts the processing from step 1301, the capacity is calculated from the capacity calculation unit 109 in step 1302, and the parameter set (mass of positive electrode and initial charge amount, negative electrode mass is calculated from the active material amount calculation unit 107 in step 1303. And initial charge amount).
次にステップ１３０４において、充電状態算出部１１０は、電圧検出部１０４で検出した電圧と、上記ステップ１３０３において取得したパラメータセットから開回路電位算出部１０８を用いて算出した容量算出部１０９を用いて算出した二次電池１０１の充電量と開回路電圧との関係を表す関数を用いて初期値ＳＯＣ（０）を算出する。上記第１実施形態と同じく、二次電池１０１は正極と負極ともに１種類の活物質からなり、負極が充電側と放電側で充電量と電位との関係が異なるものであり、充電時の電圧変化から二次電池の活物質量を算出したものとして説明する。 Next, in step 1304, the charge state calculation unit 110 uses the capacitance detected by the voltage detection unit 104 and the capacity calculation unit 109 calculated using the open circuit potential calculation unit 108 from the parameter set acquired in step 1303. The initial value SOC (0) is calculated using a function representing the relationship between the calculated charge amount of the secondary battery 101 and the open circuit voltage. As in the first embodiment, the secondary battery 101 is made of one type of active material for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the negative electrode has a different relationship between the charge amount and the potential on the charge side and the discharge side, and the voltage during charging is the same. The description will be made assuming that the amount of the active material of the secondary battery is calculated from the change.
二次電池１０１の充電量と開回路電圧との関係を表す関数は、数式５で表される。初期充電量に応じて変化する負極の充電量と電位との関係は開回路電位算出部１０８を用いて算出される。
電圧検出部１０４で検出した電圧と数式６および数式７を用いて電池の充電状態（ＳＯＣ）を算出する。
充放電が終了するまでループ１３０５においてステップ１３０６の処理を繰り返すことにより、充電状態を更新し続ける。 The charging state is continuously updated by repeating the process of step 1306 in the loop 1305 until charging / discharging is completed.
ステップ１３０６においては、充電状態算出部１１０は、時刻ｔにおける充電状態ＳＯＣ（ｔ）を、数式８を用いて算出する。
以上述べたように、第２の実施形態により、時間とともに変化する二次電池の充電量と開回路電圧の関係および容量を用い、正確に二次電池の充電状態を算出することが可能となる。 As described above, according to the second embodiment, it is possible to accurately calculate the state of charge of the secondary battery using the relationship and capacity between the charge amount of the secondary battery and the open circuit voltage that change with time. .
なお、この発明は、上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合せにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を適宜組み合せてもよい。
以下に、本願の出願当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された請求項１及び請求項６に係る発明を付記する。
［Ｃ１］
二次電池に含まれる電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する第１算出部を備える算出装置。
［Ｃ６］
情報処理装置が実行する方法であって、
二次電池に含まれる電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する算出方法。
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine suitably the component covering different embodiment.
The inventions according to claims 1 and 6 described in the scope of claims at the beginning of the filing of the present application will be appended.
[C1]
Based on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the electrode included in the secondary battery, and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, the charge amount and potential according to any initial charge amount A calculation apparatus comprising a first calculation unit that calculates the relationship between
[C6]
A method executed by an information processing apparatus,
Based on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the electrode included in the secondary battery, and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, the charge amount and potential according to any initial charge amount A calculation method for calculating the relationship.
１００…算出装置、１０１…二次電池、１０２…負荷／電源、１０３…電流検出部、１０４…電圧検出部、１０５…関数情報データベース、１０６…充電履歴記録部、１０７…活物質量算出部、１０８…開回路電位算出部、１０９…容量算出部。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Calculation apparatus, 101 ... Secondary battery, 102 ... Load / power supply, 103 ... Current detection part, 104 ... Voltage detection part, 105 ... Function information database, 106 ... Charging history recording part, 107 ... Active material amount calculation part, 108: open circuit potential calculation unit, 109: capacitance calculation unit.
関数情報データベース１０５には、二次電池１０１を構成する各電極を構成する活物質の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数（例えば図３および図４）が記録されている。これらの関数は、例えばテーブル形式、値、ルックアップテーブルなどの形式で保存されても良い。具体的には、開回路電位曲線であるが、低レート（例えば０．２Ｃレート以下）で充電または放電した電圧変化を用いても良い。活物質が放電側と充電側で充電量と電位の関係が異なる場合には、一つの活物質について少なくとも空の状態から充電した場合の充電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数と満充電から放電した場合の放電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数とが記録されている。充電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数は充電開始時の充電量に応じて、放電側の充電量と電位との関係を示す関数は放電開始時の充電量に応じて複数記録されていても良いが、記録領域の削減のため少ない方が好適である。 In the function information database 105, a function (for example, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4) showing the relationship between the charge amount of the active material constituting each electrode constituting the secondary battery 101 and the potential is recorded. These functions may be stored in a format such as a table format, a value, or a lookup table. Specifically, although it is an open circuit potential curve, a change in voltage charged or discharged at a low rate (for example, 0.2 C rate or less) may be used. When the relationship between the charge amount and the potential is different between the discharge side and the charge side of the active material, a function that satisfies the relationship between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential when one active material is charged at least from an empty state and the potential are satisfied. A function indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential when discharging from the charge is recorded. A function indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential is recorded according to the charge amount at the start of charging, and a plurality of functions indicating the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential are recorded according to the charge amount at the start of discharge. However, a smaller number is preferable for reducing the recording area.
本実施形態で示す活物質量算出部１０７の処理においては、たとえばＣＣＣＶ充電全体の充電履歴や、ＣＣ充電区間（図６のｔ０からｔ１の間）の充電履歴のみを用いることが可能である。 In the processing of the active material amount calculating unit 107 shown in this real 施形 condition, for example CCCV whole or charging history charging, only can be used to charge history of the CC charging period (between t0 from t1 in FIG. 6) is there.
（関数例４）
関数例４は、数式３Ｄに示すように、ｋ（Ｑ）を分割楕円で表現する。
In Function Example 4, k (Q) is expressed by a divided ellipse as shown in Equation 3D.
ステップ１２１０では、容量算出部１０９は、充電量ｑｎにΔｑｎを加算し、ステップ１２１１において、上記数式４を用いて開回路電圧を算出し、ステップ１２１２に進む。 In step 1210, the capacity calculation unit 109 adds the [Delta] q n to charge amount q n, in step 1211, calculates the open-circuit voltage by using the equation 4, the process proceeds to step 1212.
なお、この発明は、上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合せにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を適宜組み合せてもよい。
以下に、本願の出願当初の特許請求の範囲に記載された請求項１及び請求項６に係る発明を付記する。
［Ｃ１］
二次電池に含まれる電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する第１算出部を備える算出装置。
［Ｃ６］
情報処理装置が実行する方法であって、
二次電池に含まれる電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する算出方法。
以下に、本願の出願直前の特許請求の範囲に記載された請求項を付記する。
［Ｃ’１］
二次電池に含まれる、正及び負の電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する第１算出部を備える算出装置。
［Ｃ’２］
前記第１算出部は、前記充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記放電側の充電量と電位との関係との比を用いて、前記任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出するＣ’１に記載の算出装置。
［Ｃ’３］
前記任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係と、前記二次電池の充電履歴とから前記電極の活物質量を算出する第２算出部をさらに備えるＣ’１またはＣ’２に記載の算出装置。
［Ｃ’４］
前記電極の活物質量と、前記任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、前記二次電池の充電量と電圧との関係を算出する第３算出部をさらに備えるＣ’３に記載の算出装置。
［Ｃ’５］
前記第３算出部は、前記電極の活物質量と、前記二次電池の充電量と電圧との関係とに基づいて、前記二次電池の容量を算出するＣ’４に記載の算出装置。
［Ｃ’６］
情報処理装置が実行する方法であって、
二次電池に含まれる、正及び負の電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する算出方法。
［Ｃ’７］
前記任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出することにおいて、前記充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記放電側の充電量と電位との関係との比を用いるＣ’６に記載の算出方法。
［Ｃ’８］
前記任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係と、前記二次電池の充電履歴とから前記電極の活物質量を算出することをさらに有するＣ’６またはＣ’７に記載の算出方法。
［Ｃ’９］
前記電極の活物質量と、前記任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、前記二次電池の充電量と電圧との関係を算出することをさらに有するＣ’８に記載の算出方法。
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine suitably the component covering different embodiment.
The inventions according to claims 1 and 6 described in the scope of claims at the beginning of the filing of the present application will be appended.
[C1]
Based on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the electrode included in the secondary battery, and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, the charge amount and potential according to any initial charge amount A calculation apparatus comprising a first calculation unit that calculates the relationship between
[C6]
A method executed by an information processing apparatus,
Based on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the electrode included in the secondary battery, and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, the charge amount and potential according to any initial charge amount A calculation method for calculating the relationship.
The claims described in the claims immediately before the filing of the present application will be appended.
[C'1]
Depending on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the positive and negative electrodes included in the secondary battery and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, depending on any initial charge amount A calculation device comprising a first calculation unit for calculating the relationship between the charged amount and the potential.
[C'2]
The first calculation unit uses a ratio of the relationship between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential and the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential, and a charge amount according to the arbitrary initial charge amount, The calculation apparatus according to C′1, which calculates a relationship with a potential.
[C'3]
C′1 or C′2 further comprising a second calculation unit that calculates the active material amount of the electrode from the relationship between the charge amount and the potential according to the arbitrary initial charge amount and the charge history of the secondary battery. The calculation device described in 1.
[C'4]
A third calculation unit for calculating a relationship between the charge amount and voltage of the secondary battery based on the active material amount of the electrode and the relationship between the charge amount and the potential according to the arbitrary initial charge amount; The calculation apparatus according to C′3, which is provided.
[C'5]
The calculation device according to C′4, wherein the third calculation unit calculates a capacity of the secondary battery based on an active material amount of the electrode and a relationship between a charge amount and a voltage of the secondary battery.
[C'6]
A method executed by an information processing apparatus,
Depending on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the positive and negative electrodes included in the secondary battery and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, depending on any initial charge amount Calculation method for calculating the relationship between the charged amount and the potential.
[C'7]
In calculating the relationship between the charge amount and potential according to the arbitrary initial charge amount, the ratio between the charge amount on the charge side and the potential and the relationship between the charge amount on the discharge side and the potential is The calculation method according to C′6 to be used.
[C'8]
C′6 or C′7, further comprising calculating an active material amount of the electrode from a relationship between a charge amount and a potential according to the arbitrary initial charge amount and a charge history of the secondary battery. Calculation method.
[C'9]
C ′ further comprising calculating a relationship between the charge amount and voltage of the secondary battery based on the active material amount of the electrode and the relationship between the charge amount and the potential according to the arbitrary initial charge amount. 9. The calculation method according to 8.
Claims (10)
二次電池に含まれる、正及び負の電極の充電側の充電量と電位との関係と、前記電極の放電側の充電量と電位との関係とに基づいて、任意の初期充電量に応じた充電量と電位との関係を算出する算出方法。 A method executed by an information processing apparatus,
Depending on the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the charge side of the positive and negative electrodes included in the secondary battery and the relationship between the charge amount and potential on the discharge side of the electrode, depending on any initial charge amount Calculation method for calculating the relationship between the charged amount and the potential.
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