JP2018060659A - Protection circuit - Google Patents

Protection circuit Download PDF

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JP2018060659A
JP2018060659A JP2016196823A JP2016196823A JP2018060659A JP 2018060659 A JP2018060659 A JP 2018060659A JP 2016196823 A JP2016196823 A JP 2016196823A JP 2016196823 A JP2016196823 A JP 2016196823A JP 2018060659 A JP2018060659 A JP 2018060659A
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resistor
protection
heating resistor
protection circuit
fuse element
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JP6544805B2 (en
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裕一 野崎
Yuichi Nozaki
裕一 野崎
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Schott AG
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a protection circuit which can standardize a heating element, used for a protective element, to a desired value of resistance, and does not require multiple protective elements.SOLUTION: A protection circuit 10 has a protective element module 14 incorporating a fuse element 12 and a heating element 13, a second resistor 15 connected with the heating element of this protective element module, and detection means 16 for detecting overvoltage of total number of secondary cells 11 connected in series, and switching the current flowing to the heating element and the second resistor. At the time of overcurrent, the fuse element is blown by Joule heat, and at the time of overvoltage, the detection means passes a current to the heating element and the second resistor, thus heating the heating element and blowing the fuse element.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、発熱抵抗体とヒューズエレメントを設けた保護素子を利用した電気・電子機器の保護回路に関する。   The present invention relates to a protection circuit for an electric / electronic device using a protection element provided with a heating resistor and a fuse element.

近年、モバイル機器など小型電子機器の急速な普及に伴い、搭載する電源の保護回路に実装される保護素子も小型薄型のものが使用されている。例えば、二次電池パックの保護回路には、特許文献１に記載の表面実装部品（ＳＭＤ）のチップ保護素子が好適に利用される。これらチップ保護素子には、被保護機器の過電流により生ずる過大発熱を検知し、または周囲温度の異常過熱に感応して、所定条件で内蔵するヒータ等の加熱によって強制的にヒューズを作動させ電気回路を遮断する非復帰型保護素子がある。該保護素子は、機器の安全を図るために、保護回路が機器に生ずる異常を検知すると信号電流により抵抗素子を発熱させ、その発熱で可溶合金からなるヒューズ素子（ヒューズエレメントとも言う）を溶断させて回路を遮断するか、あるいは過電流によってヒューズ素子を溶断させて回路を遮断できる。   In recent years, with the rapid spread of small electronic devices such as mobile devices, small and thin protective elements mounted on a protection circuit for a power supply to be mounted are used. For example, the surface protection component (SMD) chip protection element described in Patent Document 1 is preferably used for the protection circuit of the secondary battery pack. These chip protection elements detect excessive heat generated by the overcurrent of the protected device, or respond to abnormal overheating of the ambient temperature, forcibly actuate the fuse by heating the built-in heater etc. under specified conditions. There are non-recoverable protection elements that interrupt the circuit. In order to protect the safety of the device, the protection element heats the resistance element by a signal current when an abnormality occurring in the device is detected, and the heat generation causes the fuse element (also referred to as a fuse element) to be blown. The circuit can be shut off by cutting the fuse element by overcurrent or the circuit can be cut off.

上記の保護素子は、複数の二次電池が直列に接続されている電池パックを過電流や過電圧から保護する保護回路に適用されている。従来、電圧の増加に伴い電池セル数が増加すれば、その分、保護素子の搭載数を増やしたり、保護素子に内蔵された抵抗素子の内部抵抗値を調整したりする必要があった。   The protection element is applied to a protection circuit that protects a battery pack in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series from overcurrent and overvoltage. Conventionally, if the number of battery cells increases with an increase in voltage, it is necessary to increase the number of mounted protection elements or adjust the internal resistance value of the resistance element built in the protection element.

特開２０１５−０７９６０８号公報Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-079608

本発明の目的は、上述の問題点を解消するために提案されたものであり、保護素子に使用する発熱抵抗体を所定の抵抗値のものに標準化することができ、かつ複数の保護素子を必要としない保護回路を提供することにある。   The object of the present invention is proposed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the heating resistor used for the protection element can be standardized to a predetermined resistance value, and a plurality of protection elements are provided. It is to provide a protection circuit that is not required.

本発明によると、二次電池が直列に接続された電池パックを過電流と過電圧から保護する保護回路であって、該保護回路は、ヒューズエレメントと発熱抵抗体を内蔵した保護素子モジュールと、この保護素子モジュールの発熱抵抗体に接続された第二の抵抗体と、直列に接続された二次電池の全数分の過電圧を検出し上記の発熱抵抗体および第二の抵抗体にながれる電流をスイッチする検知手段とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメントがジュール熱により溶断し、また、過電圧時には検知手段によって発熱抵抗体および第二の抵抗体に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体が発熱してヒューズエレメントが溶断する保護回路が提供される。この第二の抵抗体は、上記保護素子モジュールとは別に設けられ、二次電池の電圧に応じて発熱抵抗体と第二の抵抗体との直列の合成抵抗が所望の抵抗値に成るように設けられる。   According to the present invention, a protection circuit for protecting a battery pack in which secondary batteries are connected in series from overcurrent and overvoltage, the protection circuit including a protection element module including a fuse element and a heating resistor, Overvoltage for the second resistor connected to the heating resistor of the protection element module and the secondary battery connected in series is detected and the current flowing to the heating resistor and the second resistor is switched. The fuse element is blown by Joule heat in the case of an overcurrent, and current is passed to the heating resistor and the second resistor by the detection means in the case of an overvoltage, so that the heating resistor generates heat. A protection circuit is provided in which the fuse element is blown. The second resistor is provided separately from the protection element module so that the combined resistance in series of the heating resistor and the second resistor becomes a desired resistance value according to the voltage of the secondary battery. Provided.

本発明の保護回路は、電池パックに直列接続された二次電池の個数が増えても保護素子モジュールの内部抵抗値を変更することなく、外部に別途実装する第二の抵抗体の抵抗値を変更することで電池パックの定格電圧や定格電流、電池パック内の電池のセル数によらず、共通の保護素子モジュールを利用できる。従って、本発明の保護回路は、二次電池の個数が増えても保護素子モジュールに使用する発熱抵抗体を所望の抵抗値に標準化することができ、また複数の保護素子モジュールを必要としない。   The protection circuit of the present invention has the resistance value of the second resistor separately mounted outside without changing the internal resistance value of the protection element module even when the number of secondary batteries connected in series to the battery pack increases. By changing, the common protection element module can be used regardless of the rated voltage and rated current of the battery pack and the number of cells of the battery in the battery pack. Therefore, the protection circuit of the present invention can standardize the heating resistor used in the protection element module to a desired resistance value even if the number of secondary batteries increases, and does not require a plurality of protection element modules.

本発明に係る保護回路１０を示した図である。1 is a diagram illustrating a protection circuit 10 according to the present invention.

本発明に係る保護回路１０は、図１に示すように、二次電池が直列に接続された電池パック１１を過電流と過電圧から保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、ヒューズエレメント１２と発熱抵抗体１３を内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された第二の抵抗体１５と、直列に接続された二次電池の全数分の過電圧を検出し発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５に流れる電流をスイッチする検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断し、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３を発熱させてヒューズエレメント１２を溶断する保護回路が提供される。   As shown in FIG. 1, a protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit that protects a battery pack 11 in which secondary batteries are connected in series from overcurrent and overvoltage. The protection circuit 10 includes a fuse element. 12 and a protection element module 14 incorporating a heating resistor 13, a second resistor 15 connected to the heating resistor 13 of the protection element module 14, and an overvoltage corresponding to the total number of secondary batteries connected in series. And detecting means 16 for switching the current flowing through the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15, the fuse element 12 is blown by Joule heat when overcurrent occurs, and the detection means 16 generates heat when overvoltage occurs. A protection circuit is provided in which a current is passed through the resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 to cause the heating resistor 13 to generate heat and blow the fuse element 12. That.

第二の抵抗体１５は、保護素子モジュール１４とは別に設けられ、使用する電池パック１１の最大電圧に応じて発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５との直列の合成抵抗が所望の抵抗値に成るように設けられる。すなわち、電池パック１１のセル数の増減やセル電圧の増減に対して、保護素子モジュール１４に内蔵の発熱抵抗体１３の抵抗値を変更することなく、第二の抵抗体１５の抵抗値を変更することにより調整する。第二の抵抗体１５は、抵抗体として機能すればどのようなものでもよく、特に限定されないが、例えばチップ可変抵抗器、チップ固定抵抗器、セメント抵抗器等が好適に利用できる。また変形例として、第二の抵抗体１５は、さらに保護素子モジュール１４に内蔵させてもよい。   The second resistor 15 is provided separately from the protection element module 14, and a combined resistance of the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 in series according to the maximum voltage of the battery pack 11 to be used is a desired resistance. It is provided to be a value. That is, the resistance value of the second resistor 15 is changed without changing the resistance value of the heating resistor 13 built in the protection element module 14 with respect to the increase or decrease of the number of cells or the cell voltage of the battery pack 11. To make adjustments. The second resistor 15 is not particularly limited as long as it functions as a resistor, and for example, a chip variable resistor, a chip fixed resistor, a cement resistor, or the like can be suitably used. As a modification, the second resistor 15 may be further incorporated in the protection element module 14.

検知手段１６は、例えば電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる。電圧検知用ＩＣ１７は、電池パック１１の電圧を検出し、検出信号をＦＥＴ１８のゲートに出力する。   The detection means 16 includes, for example, a voltage detection IC 17 and an FET 18. The voltage detection IC 17 detects the voltage of the battery pack 11 and outputs a detection signal to the gate of the FET 18.

保護回路１０は、電池パック１１に過電流が発生した場合には、保護素子モジュール１４のヒューズエレメント１２が過電流のジュール熱で溶断し、電池パック１１に過電圧が発生した場合には、ＦＥＴ１８のゲート電位が所定電位以上となってスイッチオンの状態となり、ＦＥＴ１８のドレイン―ソース間に電流がながれ、保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３が発熱し、ヒューズエレメント１２が溶断する。   When an overcurrent occurs in the battery pack 11, the protection circuit 10 melts the fuse element 12 of the protection element module 14 due to the overcurrent Joule heat, and when an overvoltage occurs in the battery pack 11, When the gate potential becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined potential, the switch is turned on, current flows between the drain and source of the FET 18, the heating resistor 13 of the protection element module 14 generates heat, and the fuse element 12 is blown.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例１は、３．５Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル４個が直列に接続された１４．０Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された１０Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、３．５Ｖの電池セル４個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１４に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大３．１Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１４に最大０．８Ｗを印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   Embodiment 1 of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit for protecting a 14.0 V battery pack 11 in which four 3.5 V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series. Reference numeral 10 denotes a protection element module 14 including a fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the intermediate electrode, and a 40Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and heat generation of the protection element module 14. An overvoltage is detected in the battery pack 11 in which the 10Ω second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and four 3.5V battery cells are connected in series, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. A voltage detecting IC 17 for switching a current flowing through the sensing element 16 and a detecting means 16 comprising an FET 18. The fuse element 12 is blown by Joule heat at the time of overcurrent. Occasionally, the detection means 16 applies a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 14 to apply a maximum of 3.1 W to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 0.8 W to the second resistor 14, thereby generating a heating resistor. The fuse element 12 is melted by the heat generated by the body 13.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例２は、３．５Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル６個が直列に接続された２１．０Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された３５Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、３．５Ｖの電池セル６個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大３．１Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１５に最大２．７Ｗを印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   Embodiment 2 of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit for protecting a 21.0 V battery pack 11 in which six 3.5 V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series. Reference numeral 10 denotes a protection element module 14 including a fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the intermediate electrode, and a 40Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and heat generation of the protection element module 14. An overvoltage is detected in the battery pack 11 in which the 35Ω second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and six 3.5V battery cells are connected in series, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. A voltage detecting IC 17 for switching a current flowing through the sensing element 16 and a detecting means 16 comprising an FET 18. The fuse element 12 is blown by Joule heat at the time of overcurrent. Occasionally, the detection means 16 applies a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 to apply a maximum of 3.1 W to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 2.7 W to the second resistor 15. The fuse element 12 is melted by the heat generated by the body 13.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例３は、４．２Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル４個が直列に接続された１６．８Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された１０Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、４．２Ｖの電池セル４個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大４．６Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１５に最大１．２Ｗ印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   Embodiment 3 of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit that protects a 16.8V battery pack 11 in which four 4.2V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series. Reference numeral 10 denotes a protection element module 14 including a fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the intermediate electrode, and a 40Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and heat generation of the protection element module 14. An overvoltage is detected in the battery pack 11 in which four 10V second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and four 4.2V battery cells are connected in series, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. A voltage detecting IC 17 for switching a current flowing through the sensing element 16 and a detecting means 16 comprising an FET 18. The fuse element 12 is blown by Joule heat at the time of overcurrent. Occasionally, the detection means 16 applies a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 so that a maximum of 4.6 W is applied to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 1.2 W is applied to the second resistor 15. The fuse element 12 is melted by the heat generated by 13.

本発明に係る保護回路１０の実施例４は、４．２Ｖ／ｃｅｌｌの二次電池セル６個が直列に接続された２５．２Ｖの電池パック１１を保護する電気回路であって、この保護回路１０は、第１電極並びに第２電極および中間電極に接続されたヒューズエレメント１２と中間電極に接続された４０Ωの発熱抵抗体１３とを内蔵した保護素子モジュール１４と、この保護素子モジュール１４の発熱抵抗体１３に接続された３３Ωの第二の抵抗体１５と、４．２Ｖの電池セル６個を直列に接続した電池パック１１の過電圧を検出し、発熱抵抗体１３および第二の抵抗体１５にながれる電流をスイッチする電圧検知用ＩＣ１７とＦＥＴ１８からなる検知手段１６とを有し、過電流時にはヒューズエレメント１２がジュール熱により溶断され、また、過電圧時には検知手段１６によって発熱抵抗体１３と第二の抵抗体１５に電流をながすことにより、発熱抵抗体１３に最大４．６Ｗ、第二の抵抗体１５に最大３．８Ｗ印加させ、発熱抵抗体１３の発熱によりヒューズエレメント１２を溶断させる。   Embodiment 4 of the protection circuit 10 according to the present invention is an electric circuit that protects a 25.2V battery pack 11 in which six 4.2V / cell secondary battery cells are connected in series. Reference numeral 10 denotes a protection element module 14 including a fuse element 12 connected to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the intermediate electrode, and a 40Ω heating resistor 13 connected to the intermediate electrode, and heat generation of the protection element module 14. An overvoltage is detected in the battery pack 11 in which the 33Ω second resistor 15 connected to the resistor 13 and six 4.2V battery cells are connected in series, and the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 are detected. A voltage detecting IC 17 for switching a current flowing through the sensing element 16 and a detecting means 16 comprising an FET 18. The fuse element 12 is blown by Joule heat at the time of overcurrent. Sometimes, the detection means 16 applies a current to the heating resistor 13 and the second resistor 15 to apply a maximum of 4.6 W to the heating resistor 13 and a maximum of 3.8 W to the second resistor 15. The fuse element 12 is melted by the heat generated by 13.

本発明は、発熱抵抗体とヒューズエレメントを設けた保護素子を使用した電気・電子機器の保護回路に利用でき、特に電池パックなど２次電池の保護装置に利用できる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a protection circuit of an electric / electronic device using a protection element provided with a heating resistor and a fuse element, and can be used particularly for a secondary battery protection device such as a battery pack.

１０・・・保護回路、
１１・・・電池パック、
１２・・・ヒューズエレメント、
１３・・・発熱抵抗体、
１４・・・保護素子モジュール、
１５・・・第二の抵抗体、
１６・・・検知手段、
１７・・・電圧検知用ＩＣ、
１８・・・ＦＥＴ。
10 ... Protection circuit,
11 ... Battery pack,
12 ... fuse element,
13 ... heating resistor,
14 ... Protection element module,
15 ... second resistor,
16: Detection means,
17 ... IC for voltage detection,
18 ... FET.

Claims (3)

二次電池が直列に接続された電池パックを過電流と過電圧から保護する電気回路であって、ヒューズエレメントと発熱抵抗体を内蔵した保護素子モジュールと、この保護素子モジュールの前記発熱抵抗体に接続された第二の抵抗体と、直列に接続された二次電池の全数分の過電圧を検出し前記発熱抵抗体および前記第二の抵抗体に流れる電流をスイッチする検知手段とを有し、過電流時には前記ヒューズエレメントがジュール熱により溶断し、過電圧時には前記検知手段によって前記発熱抵抗体および前記第二の抵抗体に電流をながすことにより、前記発熱抵抗体を発熱させて前記ヒューズエレメントを溶断させることを特徴とする保護回路。   An electric circuit that protects a battery pack in which a secondary battery is connected in series from overcurrent and overvoltage, a protection element module including a fuse element and a heating resistor, and connected to the heating resistor of the protection element module And a detecting means for detecting an overvoltage corresponding to the total number of secondary batteries connected in series and switching a current flowing through the heating resistor and the second resistor. The fuse element is blown by Joule heat at the time of electric current, and the current is passed to the heating resistor and the second resistor by the detecting means at the time of overvoltage, thereby causing the heating resistor to generate heat and blowing the fuse element. A protection circuit characterized by that. 前記第二の抵抗体は、前記保護素子モジュールとは別に設けた可変抵抗器または固定抵抗器からなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の保護回路。   The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the second resistor includes a variable resistor or a fixed resistor provided separately from the protection element module. 前記検知手段は、電圧検知用ＩＣとＦＥＴからなることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２の何れか１つに記載の保護回路。
The protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the detection unit includes a voltage detection IC and a FET.
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CN110994561A (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-04-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Battery safety protection system and processing method
JP2022001012A (en) * 2020-06-17 2022-01-04 ショット日本株式会社 Protection circuit
WO2022004360A1 (en) * 2020-06-30 2022-01-06 ボーンズ株式会社 Electric circuit
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CN110994561A (en) * 2019-04-30 2020-04-10 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Battery safety protection system and processing method
CN110994561B (en) * 2019-04-30 2021-10-08 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Battery safety protection system and processing method
JP2022001012A (en) * 2020-06-17 2022-01-04 ショット日本株式会社 Protection circuit
JP7421516B2 (en) 2020-06-17 2024-01-24 ショット日本株式会社 protection circuit
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