JP2018024166A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing preform, and method for manufacturing molded product - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for manufacturing preform, and method for manufacturing molded product Download PDF

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JP2018024166A
JP2018024166A JP2016157389A JP2016157389A JP2018024166A JP 2018024166 A JP2018024166 A JP 2018024166A JP 2016157389 A JP2016157389 A JP 2016157389A JP 2016157389 A JP2016157389 A JP 2016157389A JP 2018024166 A JP2018024166 A JP 2018024166A
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prepreg material
tension
preform
prepreg
core
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JP6799964B2 (en
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宏樹 若林
Hiroki Wakabayashi
宏樹 若林
明栄 奥
Akishige Oku
明栄 奥
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Toray Carbon Magic Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a preform which prevents winding wrinkle, prevents disorder of orientation of reinforcement fibers, has no limit in the number of turns, and can adopt autoclave molding, and to provide a method for manufacturing a molded product capable of molding a molded product having higher physical properties using the preform.SOLUTION: There are provided a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a preform which include winding a belt-like prepreg material containing reinforcement fibers continuously extending in at least a supply direction and a matrix resin a plurality of times while applying a tension thereto so that the reinforcement fibers continuously extend from a winding core to a surface layer on the winding core material; and a method for manufacturing a molded product including molding the preform by autoclave.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、連続強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂を含むプリプレグ材を用いるプリフォームの製造方法および製造装置と、製造されたプリフォームを用いる成形品の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a preform using a prepreg material containing continuous reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin, and a method for producing a molded article using the produced preform.

遠心力等に対して高い強度や弾性率が要求される筒状体、とくに円筒体の筒状部を、強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂からなる繊維強化樹脂を使用して成形する技術は広く知られている。繊維強化樹脂は軽量でありながら高い強度や弾性率等の優れた機械特性を発現できるので、大きな遠心力等が加わる部材の素材として、好適なものとなることが多い。   A technique for molding a cylindrical body that requires high strength and elastic modulus against centrifugal force, in particular, a cylindrical part of a cylindrical body using a fiber reinforced resin composed of a reinforced fiber and a matrix resin is widely known. Yes. Since the fiber reinforced resin is lightweight and can exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high strength and elastic modulus, it is often suitable as a material for a member to which a large centrifugal force or the like is applied.

上記のような繊維強化樹脂からなる筒状体を製造する代表的な方法として、従来からフィラメントワインディング法とシートワインディング法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1、2)。また、フィラメントワインディング法とシートワインディング法を組み合わせた製造方法も知られている(例えば、特許文献3)。さらに、クロスとマットの繊維シートを含み、未硬化の熱硬化性樹脂液を用いて遠心力により成形する特殊な製造方法も知られている(例えば、特許文献4)。   As a typical method for producing a cylindrical body made of the fiber reinforced resin as described above, a filament winding method and a sheet winding method are conventionally known (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, a manufacturing method combining a filament winding method and a sheet winding method is also known (for example, Patent Document 3). Furthermore, a special manufacturing method that includes cloth and mat fiber sheets and that is molded by centrifugal force using an uncured thermosetting resin liquid is also known (for example, Patent Document 4).

上記代表的な製造方法のうち、フィラメントワインディング法は、マンドレルを回転させながらマンドレルの周りに樹脂を含浸した強化繊維(強化繊維束)を巻いて樹脂含浸強化繊維層を形成していく方法であるが、一般的に、強化繊維の配向乱れを抑えて所望の方向に高精度に強化繊維を配向させることが難しく、また、成形された繊維強化樹脂中の強化繊維の含有率をあるレベル以上に高めることも困難である。したがって、繊維強化樹脂からなる筒状体に、例えば、負荷としての大きな遠心力に対抗できるだけの高い強度や弾性率を付与するのが通常困難である。   Among the above representative manufacturing methods, the filament winding method is a method of forming a resin-impregnated reinforcing fiber layer by winding a reinforcing fiber (reinforced fiber bundle) impregnated with resin around a mandrel while rotating the mandrel. However, in general, it is difficult to orient the reinforcing fibers in a desired direction with high accuracy by suppressing the disturbance of the reinforcing fibers, and the content of the reinforcing fibers in the molded fiber reinforced resin is more than a certain level. It is also difficult to increase. Therefore, it is usually difficult to give a cylindrical body made of fiber reinforced resin such as high strength and elastic modulus that can resist, for example, a large centrifugal force as a load.

この点、シートワインディング法は、筒状の芯材上に、強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂からなり所定の強化繊維含有率および所定の強化繊維配向となるように予備成形された(例えば、樹脂が半硬化状態となるように予備成形された)プリプレグシートを巻いていく方法(方法1)か、テーブル上に設置したプリプレグシート上に筒状の芯材を転がして該芯材にプリプレグシートを巻き付けていく方法(方法2)であり、予備成形されたプリプレグシートにおける強化繊維含有率および強化繊維配向を適切に設定しておけば、フィラメントワインディング法による成形品よりも優れた性能(より高い強化繊維含有率やより高精度の強化繊維配向)の繊維強化樹脂筒状成形品を得ることが可能である。   In this regard, the sheet winding method is preliminarily molded on a cylindrical core material so as to have a predetermined reinforcing fiber content and a predetermined reinforcing fiber orientation (for example, the resin is semi-cured). A method of wrapping a prepreg sheet (preliminarily molded so as to be in a state) (Method 1) or rolling a cylindrical core material on a prepreg sheet placed on a table and winding the prepreg sheet around the core material If the reinforcing fiber content and reinforcing fiber orientation in the pre-formed prepreg sheet are appropriately set (method 2), performance superior to that of the filament winding method (higher reinforcing fiber content) It is possible to obtain a fiber-reinforced resin cylindrical molded product having a slightly higher accuracy of reinforcing fiber orientation).

特開2014−111366号公報JP 2014-111366 A 特開2011−115983号公報JP 2011-115983 A 特開2007−203723号公報JP 2007-203723 A 特開2005−289067号公報JP 2005-289067 A

ところが、従来のシートワインディング法による繊維強化樹脂筒状成形品の製造においては、以下のような問題が残されている。
まず、筒状の芯材にプリプレグシートを巻き付けていく方法であるため、筒状成形品の筒状部の肉厚が厚い場合には長尺のシートを何重にも巻き付けていく必要が生じ、ある程度以上に厚くなると、巻き付けシートに巻きしわが入るため、現実的には肉厚の小さい筒状成形品にしか適用できない。とくに、前述の方法2の場合、テーブル幅/筒状の芯材の周長分ずつしか巻けない(通常、数層(1〜3層巻き)にしか巻き付けできない)。巻きしわが発生すると、強化繊維の配向に乱れが生じ、成形品の機械特性の低下につながる。また、複数のシートを準備して順次巻き付けていくことも考えられるが、そうすると、シート間のつなぎ目にオーバーラップに伴う段差が生じたり、隣接シート間に隙間が生じたりし、現実的には採用できない。
However, the following problems remain in the production of a fiber-reinforced resin cylindrical molded product by the conventional sheet winding method.
First, since the prepreg sheet is wound around a cylindrical core material, it is necessary to wind a long sheet several times when the thickness of the cylindrical part of the cylindrical molded product is thick. If it becomes thicker than a certain level, wrinkles are generated in the wound sheet, so that it is practically applicable only to a cylindrical molded product having a small thickness. In particular, in the case of the above-described method 2, it is possible to wind only by the table width / periphery of the cylindrical core material (normally, it can be wound only in several layers (1 to 3 layers)). When the wrinkle is generated, the orientation of the reinforcing fiber is disturbed, leading to a decrease in mechanical properties of the molded product. It is also possible to prepare multiple sheets and wind them one after the other. However, in this case, there will be a step due to the overlap at the joint between sheets, or a gap will be created between adjacent sheets, which is practically adopted. Can not.

さらに、シートワインディング法により筒状の芯材にプリプレグシートを巻き付けた後には、通常、オーブン中で加熱成形される。加熱とともに加圧も伴うオートクレーブでの成形によって、より高い強化繊維含有率や低いボイド率の高物性を目指そうとしても、オートクレーブで加圧するとしわが入るため、通常オートクレーブ成形の採用は困難である。   Further, after the prepreg sheet is wound around the cylindrical core material by the sheet winding method, it is usually heated and formed in an oven. Autoclave molding with heating and pressurization is usually difficult to adopt autoclave molding because wrinkles occur when pressurizing with autoclave, even if high physical properties with high reinforcing fiber content and low void ratio are aimed at. .

そこで本発明の課題は、とくに上述したような従来のシートワインディング法によるプリフォームの製造における問題点に着目し、巻きしわが入らず、強化繊維の配向に乱れが発生せず、巻き数に制約がなく筒状成形品の筒状部の肉厚が厚い場合にも問題なく円滑に適用でき、しかも巻きしわが発生しないためオートクレーブ成形の採用が可能なプリフォームの製造方法および製造装置と、それによって製造されたプリフォームを用いたより高物性の成形品を成形可能な成形品の製造方法を提供することにある。   Therefore, the object of the present invention is to pay particular attention to the problems in the production of preforms by the conventional sheet winding method as described above, so that no winding wrinkles are generated, the orientation of the reinforcing fibers is not disturbed, and the number of windings is limited. And a preform manufacturing method and apparatus capable of adopting autoclave molding because it can be smoothly applied without problems even when the thickness of the cylindrical portion of the cylindrical molded product is thick and no wrinkle is generated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a molded product capable of molding a molded product having higher physical properties using the preform produced by the above method.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明に係るプリフォームの製造方法は、少なくとも供給方向に連続して延びる強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂とを含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材を、張力をかけながら、芯材上に、前記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付けることを特徴とする方法からなる。ここで、少なくとも供給方向に連続して延びる強化繊維を含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材としては、供給方向である一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維を含む一方向プリプレグ材からなるもの、該一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維に加え、他の形態の強化繊維を含むプリプレグ材も含まれる。この他の形態の強化繊維としては、例えば、クロス材が挙げられ、該クロス材としては、強化繊維の織物形態、上記供給方向である一方向とは異なる一方向に引き揃えられた一方向強化繊維形態、その一方向強化繊維形態の積層形態、強化繊維の織物形態と一方向強化繊維形態の組み合わせ形態等が挙げられる。これらクロス材との組み合わせ形態の場合、上記供給方向である一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維の繊維種と、組み合わせられるクロス材の強化繊維の繊維種とは、同一種であっても異種であってもよい。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for producing a preform according to the present invention includes a method for producing a preform on a core material while applying tension to a prepreg material extending in a strip shape including at least reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin continuously extending in a supply direction. Further, the reinforcing fiber is wound a plurality of times so as to continuously extend from the core to the surface layer. Here, as the prepreg material extending in a strip shape including the reinforcing fibers continuously extending in the supply direction, the unidirectional prepreg material including the reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction which is the supply direction, the one direction In addition to the aligned reinforcing fibers, prepreg materials including other forms of reinforcing fibers are also included. For example, a cloth material may be used as the reinforcing fiber in the other form, and the cloth material may be a unidirectional reinforcement that is aligned in one direction different from the one direction that is the supply direction of the reinforcing fiber. Examples thereof include a fiber form, a laminated form of the unidirectional reinforcing fiber form, and a combined form of the woven form of the reinforcing fiber and the unidirectional reinforcing fiber form. In the case of a combination form with these cloth materials, the fiber types of the reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction as the supply direction and the fiber types of the reinforcing fibers of the cross material to be combined are different even if they are the same type. There may be.

このような本発明に係るプリフォームの製造方法においては、芯材上にプリプレグ材が張力をかけられながら巻き付けられるので、巻き付けられるプリプレグ材の各層には巻きしわが入らず、プリプレグ材を形成している強化繊維には配向の乱れは発生しない。そのため、目標とする所定の巻き層の形態が精度よく現出され、それによって成形後の目標とする機械特性の発現が可能になる。プリプレグ材にかけられる張力としては、巻きしわが入らず、強化繊維に配向の乱れが発生しないだけの張力であればよく、具体的な張力値としては後述の実施の形態で例示する。また、上記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付けられるので、プリフォームを形成する強化繊維の連続性が、巻芯から表層まで、すなわち、プリフォームの筒状部分の肉厚の最内層部から最外層部まで、確実に確保され、成形後の強度や弾性率などの高い機械特性が確保され、大きな遠心力等に対する高い抗力の発現が可能になる。また、帯状のプリプレグ材が張力をかけられた状態で巻芯から表層まで連続して巻き付けられていくので、従来のシートワインディング法のように巻き数に制約がなく、肉厚の筒状体であっても問題なく目標肉厚までの巻き付けが可能になる。さらに、帯状のプリプレグ材は張力をかけられた状態でかつ巻きしわのない状態で巻き付けられているので、オートクレーブで加圧されてもしわの発生防止が可能になる。したがって、プリフォームの成形にオートクレーブ成形の採用が可能になり、それによって、より高物性(より高い強化繊維含有率や低いボイド率)の成形品を目指すことが可能になる。   In such a method for producing a preform according to the present invention, the prepreg material is wound on the core material while being tensioned, so that no crease is formed in each layer of the prepreg material to be wound, and the prepreg material is formed. The reinforced fiber is not disturbed in orientation. For this reason, the form of the predetermined predetermined wound layer appears with high accuracy, thereby enabling the expression of the target mechanical characteristics after molding. The tension applied to the prepreg material may be any tension that does not cause winding wrinkles and does not cause disorder in the orientation of the reinforcing fiber. Specific tension values will be exemplified in the embodiments described later. Further, since the reinforcing fiber is wound a plurality of times so as to continuously extend from the core to the surface layer, the continuity of the reinforcing fiber forming the preform is from the core to the surface layer, that is, the cylindrical portion of the preform. It is ensured from the thickest innermost layer portion to the outermost layer portion, high mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus after molding are ensured, and high resistance against large centrifugal force and the like can be expressed. In addition, since the strip-shaped prepreg material is continuously wound from the core to the surface layer in a tensioned state, there is no restriction on the number of windings as in the conventional sheet winding method. Even if there is, winding up to the target wall thickness becomes possible. Furthermore, since the strip-shaped prepreg material is wound in a tensioned state and without a wrinkle, wrinkles can be prevented from being generated even when pressed by an autoclave. Therefore, it is possible to adopt autoclave molding for molding a preform, and thereby it is possible to aim at a molded product having higher physical properties (higher reinforcing fiber content and lower void ratio).

上記本発明に係るプリフォームの製造方法においては、上述の如く、強化繊維が芯材上に巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるようにプリプレグ材を複数回巻き付けることができるように、上記帯状に延びるプリプレグ材は、基本的には一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維を含む一方向プリプレグ材を含むことが好ましい。   In the preform manufacturing method according to the present invention, as described above, the prepreg material is wound in a strip shape so that the reinforcing fiber can be continuously wound on the core material from the core to the surface layer a plurality of times. It is preferable that the extending prepreg material basically includes a unidirectional prepreg material including reinforcing fibers arranged in one direction.

また、上記プリプレグ材の複数回の巻き付け回数としては、従来のシートワインディング法では困難であった10回以上の巻き付け回数が問題なく可能となる。   In addition, as the number of windings of the prepreg material, a number of windings of 10 or more, which is difficult with the conventional sheet winding method, can be performed without any problem.

また、プリプレグ材巻き付けの際にかけられる上記張力としては、所定の一定の張力をかけることも可能であるが、巻きしわの発生をより確実に防止するには、巻芯側で相対的に高張力を、表層側で相対的に低張力をかけるようにすることが好ましい。   In addition, as the tension applied when winding the prepreg material, it is possible to apply a predetermined constant tension. However, in order to more reliably prevent the generation of winding wrinkles, a relatively high tension is applied on the core side. It is preferable to apply a relatively low tension on the surface side.

また、上記プリプレグ材に使用される強化繊維としては、特に限定されず、炭素繊維やガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、あるいはこれらを組み合わせた強化繊維の使用が可能であるが、成形品のより高い機械特性を実現するためには、強化繊維が炭素繊維からなることが好ましい。   In addition, the reinforcing fiber used in the prepreg material is not particularly limited, and carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, or a reinforcing fiber that is a combination of these can be used. In order to realize the above, it is preferable that the reinforcing fiber is made of carbon fiber.

上記プリプレグ材に使用されるマトリックス樹脂としても特に限定されないが、帯状プリプレグ材を巻き付けてプリフォームを形成した後成形を行う製造プロセスを考慮すると、マトリックス樹脂としては熱硬化性樹脂からなることが好ましい。   The matrix resin used in the prepreg material is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the matrix resin is made of a thermosetting resin in consideration of a manufacturing process in which a strip-shaped prepreg material is wound to form a preform and then molded. .

本発明に係るプリフォームの製造装置は、少なくとも供給方向に連続して延びる強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂とを含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材を連続的に案内しながら供給するプリプレグ材案内供給手段と、プリプレグ材案内供給手段による案内供給経路中に設けられ、案内供給されているプリプレグ材に連続的に所定の張力をかける張力付与手段と、張力付与手段により所定の張力がかけられながら供給されてくるプリプレグ材を、芯材上に、前記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付ける芯材回転駆動手段と、を有することを特徴とするものからなる。   A preform manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a prepreg material guide supply means for supplying a prepreg material extending continuously in a strip shape including at least reinforcing fibers and a matrix resin continuously extending in a supply direction, and a prepreg material. Tension applying means that is provided in a guide supply path by the guide supply means and continuously applies a predetermined tension to the prepreg material being guided and supplied, and the prepreg material that is supplied while being applied with a predetermined tension by the tension applying means And a core material rotation driving means for winding the reinforcing fiber on the core material a plurality of times so that the reinforcing fiber continuously extends from the core to the surface layer.

この本発明に係るプリフォームの製造装置においても、上記帯状に延びるプリプレグ材は、基本的には一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維を含む一方向プリプレグ材を含むことが好ましい。   Also in the preform manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, it is preferable that the prepreg material extending in a strip shape basically includes a unidirectional prepreg material including reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction.

また、上記張力付与手段としては、例えば、上記案内供給経路中における上下に延びる経路部分内の所定の行程中において上記プリプレグ材に対し着脱可能に設けられ、上記プリプレグ材に取り付けられることにより上記プリプレグ材に対し上記所定の張力を発生させることが可能で、かつ、上記所定の行程の終端側から始端側に上記プリプレグ材への取り付け位置を繰り返し変更可能な錘手段に構成されている構造を採用できる。この構造においては、上記案内供給経路中における上記張力付与手段の下流側に、上記プリプレグ材の案内供給を一旦停止するとともに、上記プリプレグ材にかけられていた上記所定の張力を上記芯材回転駆動手段側に向けて保持することが可能な一旦停止・張力保持手段が設けられていることが好ましい。   The tension applying means is, for example, provided detachably with respect to the prepreg material during a predetermined stroke in a path portion extending vertically in the guide supply path, and is attached to the prepreg material to attach the prepreg. Adopts a structure that is capable of generating the predetermined tension on the material and that is configured as a weight means that can repeatedly change the attachment position to the prepreg material from the end side to the start side of the predetermined stroke it can. In this structure, the guide supply of the prepreg material is temporarily stopped downstream of the tension applying means in the guide supply path, and the predetermined tension applied to the prepreg material is applied to the core material rotation driving means. It is preferable that a temporary stop / tension holding means that can be held toward the side is provided.

または、上記張力付与手段として、上記芯材回転駆動手段により上記芯材上に巻き付けられる上記プリプレグ材に対し上記所定の張力を発生させるべくブレーキをかけるブレーキ手段に構成されている構造を採用することも可能である。   Alternatively, as the tension applying means, a structure configured as a brake means for applying a brake to generate the predetermined tension to the prepreg material wound around the core material by the core material rotation driving means is adopted. Is also possible.

本発明に係るプリフォームの製造装置においても、上記強化繊維が炭素繊維からなることが好ましく、上記マトリックス樹脂が熱硬化性樹脂からなることが好ましい。   Also in the preform manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, the reinforcing fibers are preferably made of carbon fibers, and the matrix resin is preferably made of a thermosetting resin.

本発明に係る成形品の製造方法は、前述したような本発明に係るプリフォームの製造方法により製造されたプリフォームを、オートクレーブにより成形することを特徴とする方法からなる。前述したように、本発明における帯状のプリプレグ材は張力をかけられた状態でかつ巻きしわのない状態で巻き付けられているので、オートクレーブで加圧されてもしわの発生防止が可能になり、プリフォームを成形するに際してオートクレーブ成形の採用が可能になり、それによって、より高物性(より高い強化繊維含有率や低いボイド率)の成形品を得ることが可能になる。   The method for producing a molded product according to the present invention comprises a method characterized in that the preform produced by the method for producing a preform according to the present invention as described above is molded by an autoclave. As described above, since the strip-shaped prepreg material in the present invention is wound in a tensioned state and without a wrinkle, it is possible to prevent the generation of wrinkles even when pressurized by an autoclave. Autoclave molding can be employed when molding a reform, and thus a molded product with higher physical properties (higher reinforcing fiber content and lower void ratio) can be obtained.

このように、本発明に係るプリフォームの製造方法および製造装置によれば、筒状部を有するプリフォームを製造するに際し、従来のシートワインディング法に比べ、巻き付けられる帯状のプリプレグ材の巻きしわの発生、強化繊維の配向の乱れの発生を防止することが可能になり、しかも巻き数に制約を与えることなく所望の厚みの筒状部を有するプリフォームを容易に製造することができる。そしてこのプリフォームは、帯状のプリプレグが張力をかけられた状態でかつ巻きしわのない状態で巻き付けられているので、本発明に係る成形品の製造方法では、オートクレーブで加圧されてもしわの発生防止が可能になり、オートクレーブ成形の採用が可能になって、より高物性の成形品の成形が可能になる。   As described above, according to the preform manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention, when manufacturing a preform having a cylindrical portion, the wrinkle of the strip-shaped prepreg material to be wound is compared with the conventional sheet winding method. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of occurrence and disorder of the orientation of the reinforcing fibers, and it is possible to easily manufacture a preform having a cylindrical portion having a desired thickness without restricting the number of windings. Since this preform is wound in a state where the belt-like prepreg is tensioned and without wrinkles, even if the preform is pressed by an autoclave in the method for producing a molded product according to the present invention, Occurrence can be prevented, and autoclave molding can be adopted, so that molded products with higher physical properties can be molded.

本発明の一実施態様に係るプリフォームの製造装置の側面図である。It is a side view of the preform manufacturing apparatus concerning one embodiment of the present invention. 図1の装置の斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 図1の装置の図2とは異なる角度から観た斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 viewed from an angle different from that of FIG. 2. 図1の装置のプリプレグ材巻き付け部の拡大斜視図である。It is an expansion perspective view of the prepreg material winding part of the apparatus of FIG.

以下に、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図1は、本発明の一実施態様に係るプリフォームの製造装置を示している。図1において、1は、プリフォームの製造装置全体を示しており、該製造装置1は、少なくとも供給方向(図の矢印方向)に連続して延びる強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂とを含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材2を連続的に案内しながら供給するプリプレグ材案内供給手段3と、プリプレグ材案内供給手段3による案内供給経路中に設けられ、案内供給されているプリプレグ材2に連続的に所定の張力をかける張力付与手段4と、張力付与手段4により所定の張力がかけられながら供給されてくるプリプレグ材2を、芯材5上に、上記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付ける芯材回転駆動手段6と、を有している。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a preform manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an entire preform manufacturing apparatus. The manufacturing apparatus 1 is a prepreg extending in a strip shape including reinforcing fibers and matrix resin continuously extending in at least a supply direction (arrow direction in the figure). A prepreg material guide supply means 3 for supplying the material 2 while continuously guiding it, and a predetermined tension is continuously applied to the prepreg material 2 provided in the guide supply path by the prepreg material guide supply means 3. A plurality of tension applying means 4 and a prepreg material 2 supplied with a predetermined tension applied by the tension applying means 4 are arranged on the core material 5 so that the reinforcing fibers continuously extend from the core to the surface layer. And a core material rotation driving means 6 for winding and winding.

帯状に延びるプリプレグ材2は、本実施態様では、一方向に引き揃えられた連続強化繊維としての炭素繊維とマトリックス樹脂としての半硬化の熱硬化性樹脂とを含む一方向プリプレグ材からなる。プリプレグ材案内供給手段3は、図1における装置1の下方からまたは左側から供給されてきたプリプレグ材2を装置1内で上方へと案内し上端にて方向転換する鍔付きの案内ローラー7を有している。   In this embodiment, the prepreg material 2 extending in a strip shape is formed of a unidirectional prepreg material including carbon fibers as continuous reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction and a semi-cured thermosetting resin as a matrix resin. The prepreg material guide supply means 3 has a guide roller 7 with a hook for guiding the prepreg material 2 supplied from the lower side or the left side of the device 1 in FIG. doing.

図1に加え図2、図3も参照しながら説明するに、張力付与手段4は、本実施態様では、プリプレグ材案内供給手段3による案内供給経路中における上下に延びる経路部分内の所定の行程中においてプリプレグ材2に対し着脱可能に設けられ、プリプレグ材2に取り付けられることによりプリプレグ材2に対し所定の張力を発生させることが可能で、かつ、上記所定の行程の終端側(上端側)から始端側(下端側)にプリプレグ材2への取り付け位置を繰り返し変更可能でかつ自身の重量を変更可能な錘8(錘手段)に構成されている。錘8に対しては、錘8を上記所定の行程に沿って移動できるようにガイド9が設けられており、ガイド9の上記所定の行程の下端側には、錘8の落下や過大な下方への移動を規制する安全装置10が設けられている。   2 and 3 in addition to FIG. 1, the tension applying means 4 is, in this embodiment, a predetermined stroke in a path portion extending vertically in the guide supply path by the prepreg material guide supply means 3. The prepreg material 2 is detachably attached to the prepreg material 2 so that a predetermined tension can be generated on the prepreg material 2 by being attached to the prepreg material 2, and the end side (upper end side) of the predetermined process. The weight 8 (weight means) is capable of repeatedly changing the attachment position to the prepreg material 2 from the first end side (lower end side) and capable of changing its own weight. A guide 9 is provided for the weight 8 so that the weight 8 can be moved along the predetermined stroke. On the lower end side of the predetermined stroke of the guide 9, the weight 8 is dropped or excessively lowered. A safety device 10 is provided for restricting movement to the vehicle.

また、本実施態様では、上記案内供給経路中における張力付与手段4の下流側に、プリプレグ材2の案内供給を一旦停止するとともに、プリプレグ材2にかけられていた上記所定の張力を芯材回転駆動手段6側に向けて保持することが可能な一旦停止・張力保持手段11が設けられている。この一旦停止・張力保持手段11は、本実施態様では、プリプレグ材2を固定把持する、固定把持解除可能なニップ式のストッパーから構成されている。   In this embodiment, the guide supply of the prepreg material 2 is temporarily stopped downstream of the tension applying means 4 in the guide supply path, and the predetermined tension applied to the prepreg material 2 is driven to rotate the core material. Temporary stop / tension holding means 11 that can be held toward the means 6 side is provided. In the present embodiment, the temporary stop / tension holding means 11 is composed of a nip-type stopper that holds and holds the prepreg material 2 and can be released from the fixed holding state.

芯材回転駆動手段6は、本実施態様では、減速機付きのモーター12と、減速機付きモーター12による回転駆動力を伝達する左右一対のベルト13と、芯材5が装着され一対のベルト13を介して芯材5と一体的に回転駆動される芯材装着具14とを備えている(図1、図4参照)。芯材装着具14には芯材5が着脱可能に装着される。   In this embodiment, the core material rotation driving means 6 includes a motor 12 with a speed reducer, a pair of left and right belts 13 that transmit a rotational driving force by the motor 12 with a speed reducer, and a pair of belts 13 to which the core material 5 is attached. And a core material mounting tool 14 that is driven to rotate integrally with the core material 5 (see FIGS. 1 and 4). The core material 5 is detachably mounted on the core material mounting tool 14.

なお、上記実施態様では張力付与手段4が錘手段に構成されているが、前述したように、上記張力付与手段として、錘手段の代わりに、芯材回転駆動手段6により芯材5上に巻き付けられるプリプレグ材2に対し上記所定の張力を発生させるべくブレーキをかけるブレーキ手段(図示略)に構成することも可能である。ブレーキ手段としては、例えば、プリプレグ材2の巻き出し供給源あるいはプリプレグ材2の案内供給経路中のいずれかの位置に、張力発生用のトルクを制御可能なブレーキ(例えば、パウダーブレーキ)を設けることによって構成可能である。   In the above embodiment, the tension applying means 4 is configured as a weight means. As described above, the tension applying means is wound around the core material 5 by the core material rotation driving means 6 instead of the weight means. It is also possible to constitute a brake means (not shown) for applying a brake to the prepreg material 2 to generate the predetermined tension. As the brake means, for example, a brake (for example, a powder brake) capable of controlling the torque for generating the tension is provided at any position in the unwinding supply source of the prepreg material 2 or the guide supply path of the prepreg material 2. Can be configured.

上記のように構成されたプリフォームの製造装置1を用いて、本発明の一実施態様に係るプリフォームの製造方法は次のように実施される。
少なくとも供給方向に連続して延びる強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂とを含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材2が、案内供給経路中にセットされ、その先端が図4に示すように芯材5の外周面に適切な方法により固着される。案内供給経路中にセットされたプリプレグ材2に対し、図1のAの位置(所定の行程の始端の位置)にて、所定重量に設定された錘8が取り付けられ、その重量によってプリプレグ材2にその重量に相当する所定の張力がかけられる。この張力がかけられた状態にて、芯材回転駆動手段6が駆動され、芯材5が回転されて、芯材5上にプリプレグ材2が巻き付けられていく。
Using the preform manufacturing apparatus 1 configured as described above, the preform manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is performed as follows.
A prepreg material 2 extending in a strip shape including reinforcing fibers and matrix resin continuously extending at least in the supply direction is set in the guide supply path, and the tip thereof is suitable for the outer peripheral surface of the core material 5 as shown in FIG. It is fixed by the method. A weight 8 set to a predetermined weight is attached to the prepreg material 2 set in the guide supply path at the position A in FIG. 1 (the position of the start end of a predetermined stroke). A predetermined tension corresponding to the weight is applied. Under this tension, the core material rotation driving means 6 is driven, the core material 5 is rotated, and the prepreg material 2 is wound around the core material 5.

プリプレグ材2の芯材5上への巻き付けに伴って、プリプレグ材2は案内供給経路中を案内方向に供給が進められていき、それに伴ってプリプレグ材2に取り付けられていた錘8も上方に移動される。この移動中には、錘8はプリプレグ材2に取り付けられたままであるから、プリプレグ材2に上記所定の張力がかけられた状態が維持される。すなわち、プリプレグ材2は所定の張力がかけられた状態で芯材5上に巻き付けられていく。   As the prepreg material 2 is wound around the core material 5, the prepreg material 2 is fed in the guiding direction along the guide supply path, and the weight 8 attached to the prepreg material 2 is also moved upward. Moved. During this movement, since the weight 8 remains attached to the prepreg material 2, the state in which the predetermined tension is applied to the prepreg material 2 is maintained. That is, the prepreg material 2 is wound around the core material 5 in a state where a predetermined tension is applied.

上方に向けて移動される錘8は、やがて図1のBの位置(所定の行程の終端の位置)に到達する。この時、プリプレグ材2の案内供給が一旦停止される。一旦停止は、本実施態様では、芯材回転駆動手段6による芯材5の回転駆動の一旦停止によって行われるが、一旦停止の状態は一旦停止・張力保持手段11で保持される。まず、一旦停止・張力保持手段11は、案内供給が停止されているプリプレグ材2をその位置にて固定把持する。この固定保持は、プリプレグ材2にそれまでの所定の張力がかけられた状態で行われ、この固定保持により、とくに一旦停止・張力保持手段11から芯材5までの位置に存在しているプリプレグ材2は、その所定の張力がかけられたままの状態に保たれる。   The weight 8 that is moved upward eventually reaches the position B in FIG. 1 (the position at the end of the predetermined stroke). At this time, the guide supply of the prepreg material 2 is temporarily stopped. In the present embodiment, the temporary stop is performed by temporarily stopping the rotational driving of the core material 5 by the core material rotation driving means 6, but the temporarily stopped state is temporarily held by the stop / tension holding means 11. First, the stop / tension holding means 11 holds and grips the prepreg material 2 for which the guide supply is stopped at that position. This fixing and holding is performed in a state in which a predetermined tension is applied to the prepreg material 2, and by this fixing and holding, the prepreg that exists in the position from the stop / tension holding means 11 to the core material 5 once in particular. The material 2 is kept in a state where the predetermined tension is applied.

この状態にて、図1のBの位置(所定の行程の終端の位置)にあった錘8がプリプレグ材2から取り外され、取り外された錘8はガイド9に沿って元の位置A(所定の行程の始端の位置)に戻され、再びプリプレグ材2に取り付けられてプリプレグ材2に錘8の重量に相当する所定の張力がかけられる。錘8がプリプレグ材2から一旦取り外されると、プリプレグ材2にかけられていた張力は一旦無くなるが、この無張力状態は、上述のように所定の張力がかけられたままの状態に保たれている一旦停止・張力保持手段11による固定保持位置より先には伝播しない。元の位置Aで錘8が再びプリプレグ材2に取り付けられ、錘8の重量に相当する所定の張力がかけられると、一旦停止・張力保持手段11による固定保持が解除され、案内供給されるプリプレグ材2の全体にわたって所定の張力がかけられた状態が再現され、芯材5上へのプリプレグ材2の巻き付けが続行される。この動作の繰り返しにより、所定の張力をかけながら、芯材5上に、強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように目標とする複数回プリプレグ材2を巻き付けることが可能になり、巻き数も実質的に自由に設定可能となる。その結果、巻き付けられた繋ぎ目の無いプリプレグ材2によって、問題なく目標とする肉厚の筒状部を有する筒状プリフォームが得られることになる。   In this state, the weight 8 at the position B in FIG. 1 (the position at the end of the predetermined stroke) is removed from the prepreg material 2, and the removed weight 8 is returned to the original position A (predetermined along the guide 9). To the prepreg material 2 again, and a predetermined tension corresponding to the weight of the weight 8 is applied to the prepreg material 2. Once the weight 8 is removed from the prepreg material 2, the tension applied to the prepreg material 2 once disappears, but this no-tension state is maintained in a state where a predetermined tension is applied as described above. It does not propagate beyond the fixed holding position by the stop / tension holding means 11 once. At the original position A, the weight 8 is attached to the prepreg material 2 again, and when a predetermined tension corresponding to the weight of the weight 8 is applied, the fixed holding by the stop / tension holding means 11 is once released, and the prepreg supplied and guided A state in which a predetermined tension is applied over the entire material 2 is reproduced, and winding of the prepreg material 2 onto the core material 5 is continued. By repeating this operation, it becomes possible to wind the target prepreg material 2 multiple times on the core material 5 so that the reinforcing fibers continuously extend from the core to the surface layer while applying a predetermined tension. The number can also be set substantially freely. As a result, a tubular preform having a tubular portion with a target thickness can be obtained without any problem by the seamless prepreg material 2 wound around.

このように、芯材5上にプリプレグ材2が所定の張力をかけられながら巻き付けられるので、前述したように、巻き付けられるプリプレグ材2の各巻き付け層には巻きしわが入らず、プリプレグ材2を形成している強化繊維には配向の乱れは発生しない。したがって、目標とする所定の巻き層の形態が精度よく現出され、それによって成形後の目標とする機械特性の発現が可能になる。また、上記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付けられることになるので、プリフォームを形成する強化繊維の連続性が、巻芯から表層まで、すなわち、プリフォームの筒状部分の肉厚の最内層部から最外層部まで、確実に確保され、成形後の強度や弾性率などの高い機械特性が確保されて、大きな遠心力等に対する高い抗力の発現が可能になる。さらに、従来のシートワインディング法のような巻き数の制約がなく、肉厚の筒状体であっても問題なく目標肉厚までの巻き付けが可能になる。   Thus, since the prepreg material 2 is wound on the core material 5 while being applied with a predetermined tension, as described above, no winding wrinkles are formed in each winding layer of the prepreg material 2 to be wound, and the prepreg material 2 is The formed reinforcing fiber is not disturbed in orientation. Therefore, the form of the target predetermined winding layer is accurately displayed, and the target mechanical characteristics after molding can be expressed. Further, since the reinforcing fiber is wound a plurality of times so as to continuously extend from the core to the surface layer, the continuity of the reinforcing fiber forming the preform is from the core to the surface layer, that is, a preform cylinder. From the innermost layer part to the outermost layer part of the wall thickness, it is ensured, high mechanical properties such as strength and elastic modulus after molding are secured, and high resistance against large centrifugal force etc. can be expressed . Further, there is no restriction on the number of windings as in the conventional sheet winding method, and even a thick cylindrical body can be wound up to a target thickness without any problem.

上記巻き付けられるプリプレグ材2にかけられる所定の張力としては、使用するプリプレグ材2の構成にも左右されるが、例えば、プリプレグ材2の幅当たり、100〜700MPa程度が好ましい。かけられる張力は巻き付け開始から終了まで所定の一定張力とすることも可能であるが、巻きしわのより確実な発生防止をはかるためには、巻芯側で相対的に高張力に、表層側で相対的に低張力になるように順次変更することが好ましく、上記実施態様に係る装置の場合には、錘8の重量を適切に順次段階的に低下させていくことが好ましい。ブレーキ手段を用いる装置の場合には、張力を無段階に制御することが可能である。   The predetermined tension applied to the wound prepreg material 2 depends on the configuration of the prepreg material 2 to be used, but is preferably about 100 to 700 MPa per width of the prepreg material 2, for example. The tension applied can be a predetermined constant tension from the start to the end of winding, but in order to prevent the generation of winding wrinkles more reliably, the tension is relatively high on the core side and on the surface layer side. It is preferable to sequentially change the tension so that the tension is relatively low. In the case of the apparatus according to the above-described embodiment, it is preferable to reduce the weight of the weight 8 appropriately and stepwise. In the case of a device using a brake means, the tension can be controlled steplessly.

本発明に係るプリフォームの成形品への成形においては、上記の如く巻きしわや強化繊維の配向乱れの発生のない状態で、かつ、筒状部分の肉厚の最内層部から最外層部まで強化繊維の連続性が確保された筒状プリフォームが、マトリックス樹脂に熱硬化性樹脂が使用されている場合には加熱によって樹脂の硬化、成形品への成形を行うことができる。とくに、本発明に係るプリフォームは、所定の張力をかけられた状態で巻き付けられているので、巻きしわや強化繊維の配向乱れが発生しないため、一般的には加圧によりしわが発生しやすく繊維配向が乱れやすいと考えられているオートクレーブ成形の採用が、問題なく可能になる。オートクレーブ成形によって、より高物性(より高い強化繊維含有率や低いボイド率)の成形品を得ることが可能になる。   In the molding of the preform according to the present invention into a molded product, as described above, there is no occurrence of wrinkling or orientation disorder of the reinforcing fiber, and from the innermost layer portion of the cylindrical portion to the outermost layer portion. When the cylindrical preform in which the continuity of the reinforcing fibers is ensured is a thermosetting resin used as the matrix resin, the resin can be cured and molded into a molded product by heating. In particular, the preform according to the present invention is wound in a state in which a predetermined tension is applied, and therefore, wrinkles and orientation disorder of the reinforcing fiber do not occur, so that wrinkles are generally easily generated by pressurization. It is possible to adopt autoclave molding, which is considered to easily disturb the fiber orientation, without any problem. By autoclave molding, it becomes possible to obtain a molded article having higher physical properties (higher reinforcing fiber content and lower void ratio).

本発明に係るプリフォームの製造方法および製造装置は、連続強化繊維を用いるあらゆる筒状プリフォームの製造に適用可能であり、とくに高い機械強度を有しオートクレーブ成形による高物性の成形品を目指す場合に好適なものである。   The method and apparatus for producing a preform according to the present invention can be applied to the production of any tubular preform using continuous reinforcing fibers, particularly when aiming at a molded article having high mechanical strength and high physical properties by autoclave molding. It is suitable for.

1 プリフォームの製造装置
2 プリプレグ材
3 プリプレグ材案内供給手段
4 張力付与手段
5 芯材
6 芯材回転駆動手段
7 案内ローラー
8 錘
9 ガイド
10 安全装置
11 一旦停止・張力保持手段
12 減速機付きモーター
13 ベルト
14 芯材装着具
A、B 錘の位置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Preform manufacturing apparatus 2 Prepreg material 3 Prepreg material guide supply means 4 Tension applying means 5 Core material 6 Core material rotation drive means 7 Guide roller 8 Weight 9 Guide 10 Safety device 11 Stop / tension holding means 12 Motor with speed reducer 13 Belt 14 Core material mounting tool A, B Position of weight

Claims (14)

少なくとも供給方向に連続して延びる強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂とを含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材を、張力をかけながら、芯材上に、前記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付けることを特徴とする、プリフォームの製造方法。   A prepreg material extending in a strip shape including at least a reinforcing fiber and a matrix resin continuously extending in the supply direction is applied multiple times so that the reinforcing fiber continuously extends from the winding core to the surface layer on the core material while applying tension. A method for producing a preform, characterized by winding. 前記プリプレグ材が、一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維を含む一方向プリプレグ材からなる、請求項1に記載のプリフォームの製造方法。   The method for producing a preform according to claim 1, wherein the prepreg material is made of a unidirectional prepreg material including reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction. 前記プリプレグ材の複数回の巻き付け回数を10回以上とする、請求項1または2に記載のプリフォームの製造方法。   The method for manufacturing a preform according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of times the prepreg material is wound a plurality of times is 10 or more. 前記張力として、巻芯側で相対的に高張力を、表層側で相対的に低張力をかける、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のプリフォームの製造方法。   The preform manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a relatively high tension is applied to the core side and a relatively low tension is applied to the surface layer side as the tension. 前記強化繊維が炭素繊維からなる、請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のプリフォームの製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the preform in any one of Claims 1-4 with which the said reinforced fiber consists of carbon fiber. 前記マトリックス樹脂が熱硬化性樹脂からなる、請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のプリフォームの製造方法。   The preform manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the matrix resin is made of a thermosetting resin. 少なくとも供給方向に連続して延びる強化繊維とマトリックス樹脂とを含む帯状に延びるプリプレグ材を連続的に案内しながら供給するプリプレグ材案内供給手段と、プリプレグ材案内供給手段による案内供給経路中に設けられ、案内供給されているプリプレグ材に連続的に所定の張力をかける張力付与手段と、張力付与手段により所定の張力がかけられながら供給されてくるプリプレグ材を、芯材上に、前記強化繊維が巻芯から表層まで連続して延びるように複数回巻き付ける芯材回転駆動手段と、を有することを特徴とするプリフォームの製造装置。   A prepreg material guide supply means for supplying a prepreg material extending in a strip shape containing reinforcing fibers and matrix resin continuously extending at least in the supply direction while continuously guiding, and provided in a guide supply path by the prepreg material guide supply means. The tension applying means for continuously applying a predetermined tension to the prepreg material being supplied and the prepreg material supplied while being applied with the predetermined tension by the tension applying means, the reinforcing fiber is placed on the core material. An apparatus for manufacturing a preform, comprising: a core material rotation driving unit that winds a plurality of times so as to continuously extend from the core to the surface layer. 前記プリプレグ材が、一方向に引き揃えられた強化繊維を含む一方向プリプレグ材からなる、請求項7に記載のプリフォームの製造装置。   The preform manufacturing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the prepreg material is made of a unidirectional prepreg material including reinforcing fibers aligned in one direction. 前記張力付与手段が、前記案内供給経路中における上下に延びる経路部分内の所定の行程中において前記プリプレグ材に対し着脱可能に設けられ、前記プリプレグ材に取り付けられることにより前記プリプレグ材に対し前記所定の張力を発生させることが可能で、かつ、前記所定の行程の終端側から始端側に前記プリプレグ材への取り付け位置を繰り返し変更可能な錘手段に構成されている、請求項7または8に記載のプリフォームの製造装置。   The tension applying means is provided detachably with respect to the prepreg material during a predetermined stroke in a path portion extending vertically in the guide supply path, and is attached to the prepreg material to thereby provide the predetermined prepreg material with respect to the prepreg material. 9, and a weight means capable of repeatedly changing the attachment position to the prepreg material from the end side to the start side of the predetermined stroke. Preform manufacturing equipment. 前記案内供給経路中における前記張力付与手段の下流側に、前記プリプレグ材の案内供給を一旦停止するとともに、前記プリプレグ材にかけられていた前記所定の張力を前記芯材回転駆動手段側に向けて保持することが可能な一旦停止・張力保持手段が設けられている、請求項9に記載のプリフォームの製造装置。   The guide supply of the prepreg material is temporarily stopped on the downstream side of the tension applying means in the guide supply path, and the predetermined tension applied to the prepreg material is held toward the core material rotation driving means side. The preform manufacturing apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a temporary stop / tension holding means capable of performing the same. 前記張力付与手段が、前記芯材回転駆動手段により前記芯材上に巻き付けられる前記プリプレグ材に対し前記所定の張力を発生させるべくブレーキをかけるブレーキ手段に構成されている、請求項7または8に記載のプリフォームの製造装置。   The said tension | tensile_strength provision means is comprised by the brake means which applies a brake so that the said predetermined | prescribed tension | tensile_strength may be generated with respect to the said prepreg material wound on the said core material by the said core material rotation drive means. The preform manufacturing apparatus as described. 前記強化繊維が炭素繊維からなる、請求項7〜11のいずれかに記載のプリフォームの製造装置。   The preform manufacturing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the reinforcing fibers are made of carbon fibers. 前記マトリックス樹脂が熱硬化性樹脂からなる、請求項7〜12のいずれかに記載のプリフォームの製造装置。   The preform manufacturing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the matrix resin is made of a thermosetting resin. 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の方法により製造されたプリフォームを、オートクレーブにより成形することを特徴とする、成形品の製造方法。   A method for producing a molded product, wherein the preform produced by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is molded by an autoclave.
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