JP2017207286A - Charging rate estimation device - Google Patents

Charging rate estimation device Download PDF

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JP2017207286A
JP2017207286A JP2016097752A JP2016097752A JP2017207286A JP 2017207286 A JP2017207286 A JP 2017207286A JP 2016097752 A JP2016097752 A JP 2016097752A JP 2016097752 A JP2016097752 A JP 2016097752A JP 2017207286 A JP2017207286 A JP 2017207286A
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charging rate
charge
predetermined
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JP6763195B2 (en
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順一 波多野
Junichi Hatano
順一 波多野
隆広 都竹
Takahiro Tsutake
隆広 都竹
祐希 村松
Yuki Muramatsu
祐希 村松
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Toyota Industries Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the accuracy of estimating the charging rate of a battery.SOLUTION: A charging rate estimation device is configured by comprising: a charging control unit 31 for reducing a current command value transmitted to a charger Ch by a prescribed value each time the voltage V of a battery B becomes an intended voltage Vt or higher after the voltage V of the battery B first reaches the intended voltage Vt or higher, and transmitting a charge stop command to the charger Ch and stopping charging of the battery B when a prescribed time elapses after the voltage V of the battery B first reaches the intended voltage Vt or higher, or when the current command value drops to a prescribed current command value or below; and an estimation unit 32 for setting the estimated charging rate of the battery B when the voltage V of the battery B first reaches the intended voltage Vt or higher to a prescribed charging rate, and increasing the estimated charging rate of the battery B by a prescribed value each time the current command value transmitted to the charger Ch decreases, or each time a current flowing in the battery B decreases.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、電池の充電率を推定する充電率推定装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a charging rate estimation device that estimates a charging rate of a battery.

既存の充電率推定装置として、例えば、充電中の電池に流れる電流の積算値に基づいて、電池の充電率（電池の満充電容量に対する残容量の割合（百分率））を推定するものがある。   As an existing charging rate estimation device, for example, there is a device that estimates a charging rate of a battery (a ratio (percentage of remaining capacity to a full charging capacity) of a battery) based on an integrated value of a current flowing through a battery being charged.

また、既存の他の充電率推定装置として、例えば、充電中の電池の電圧が目標電圧に達した時点で、電池の充電率を１００［％］に設定するものがある。
関連する技術として、例えば、特許文献１、２がある。 As another existing charging rate estimation device, for example, there is a device that sets the charging rate of a battery to 100 [%] when the voltage of the battery being charged reaches a target voltage.
As related techniques, for example, there are Patent Documents 1 and 2.

特開２０１３−１７６１９５号公報JP 2013-176195 A 特開２００９−１７１７８９号公報JP 2009-171789 A

しかしながら、上述のように、電流の積算値に基づいて、充電率を推定する充電率推定装置では、電流検出部が故障するなどして電池に流れる電流を精度よく検出することができない場合や充電率の推定時間が長くなり電流検出部の検出誤差が電流の積算値に多く含まれてしまう場合、推定される充電率と実際の充電率に乖離が生じるおそれがある。   However, as described above, the charging rate estimation device that estimates the charging rate based on the integrated value of the current cannot detect the current flowing through the battery with high accuracy due to failure of the current detection unit or the like. If the estimated time of the rate becomes long and many detection errors of the current detection unit are included in the integrated value of the current, there is a possibility that a difference occurs between the estimated charge rate and the actual charge rate.

また、上述のように、充電中の電池の電圧が目標電圧に達した時点で、電池の充電率を１００［％］に設定する充電率推定装置では、電池の電圧が目標電圧に達した時点で、実際の充電率がまだ１００［％］に達していないおそれがある。   In addition, as described above, when the voltage of the battery being charged reaches the target voltage, in the charging rate estimation device that sets the battery charging rate to 100 [%], the time when the voltage of the battery reaches the target voltage Therefore, there is a possibility that the actual charging rate has not yet reached 100 [%].

本発明の一側面に係る目的は、電池の充電率の推定精度を向上させることが可能な充電率推定装置を提供することである。   An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a charging rate estimation device capable of improving the estimation accuracy of the charging rate of a battery.

本発明に係る一つの形態である充電率推定装置は、充電制御部と、推定部とを備える。
充電制御部は、電池の電圧が最初に目標電圧以上になった後、電池の電圧が目標電圧以上になる度に、充電器に送信する電流指令値を所定値減少させ、電池の電圧が最初に目標電圧以上になってから所定時間経過すると、または、電流指令値が所定の電流指令値以下になると、充電器に充電停止指示を送信し、電池の充電を停止させる。 A charging rate estimation device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a charge control unit and an estimation unit.
The charge control unit decreases the current command value to be transmitted to the charger by a predetermined value each time the battery voltage becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage after the battery voltage first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage. When a predetermined time elapses after the voltage becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage, or when the current command value becomes equal to or less than the predetermined current command value, a charge stop instruction is transmitted to the charger to stop the charging of the battery.

推定部は、電池の電圧が最初に目標電圧以上になったときの電池の推定充電率を所定の充電率に設定し、電池の電圧が最初に目標電圧以上になった後、充電器に送信する電流指令値が減少する度に、または、電池に流れる電流が減少する度に、電池の推定充電率を所定量増加させる。   The estimation unit sets the estimated charging rate of the battery when the battery voltage first exceeds the target voltage to a predetermined charging rate, and transmits the battery voltage to the charger after the battery voltage first exceeds the target voltage. The estimated charge rate of the battery is increased by a predetermined amount each time the current command value to be reduced or the current flowing through the battery decreases.

本発明によれば、電池の充電率の推定精度を向上させることができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the charging rate of the battery.

実施形態の充電率推定装置を含む電池パックの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the battery pack containing the charging rate estimation apparatus of embodiment. 制御部の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating operation | movement of a control part. 充電制御を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating charge control. 記憶部に記憶される情報の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the information memorize | stored in a memory | storage part. 記憶部に記憶される情報の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the information memorize | stored in a memory | storage part.

以下図面に基づいて実施形態について詳細を説明する。
図１は、実施形態の充電率推定装置を含む電池パックの一例を示す図である。
図１に示す電池パック１は、例えば、電動フォークリフトなどの車両に搭載され、走行モータを駆動するインバータなどの負荷へ電力を供給する。 Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a battery pack including the charging rate estimation apparatus according to the embodiment.
The battery pack 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a vehicle such as an electric forklift, for example, and supplies power to a load such as an inverter that drives a travel motor.

また、電池パック１は、複数の電池モジュール２と、制御部３と、記憶部４とを備える。なお、記憶部４は、例えば、ＲＡＭ（Random Access Memory）やＲＯＭ（Read Only Memory）などにより構成される。   In addition, the battery pack 1 includes a plurality of battery modules 2, a control unit 3, and a storage unit 4. The storage unit 4 is configured by, for example, a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), or the like.

各電池モジュール２は、それぞれ、電池スタックＳと、スイッチＳＷと、電流検出部２１と、温度検出部２２と、監視部２３とを備える。なお、各電池モジュール２のそれぞれの電池スタックＳは、互いに並列接続され、組電池を構成する。なお、並列接続される電池スタックＳの並列数は、１でも２以上でもよい。   Each battery module 2 includes a battery stack S, a switch SW, a current detection unit 21, a temperature detection unit 22, and a monitoring unit 23, respectively. In addition, each battery stack S of each battery module 2 is mutually connected in parallel, and comprises an assembled battery. Note that the number of battery stacks S connected in parallel may be 1 or 2 or more.

電池スタックＳは、直列接続される複数の電池Ｂ（例えば、リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池、または、電気二重層コンデンサ）により構成される。なお、各電池スタックＳは、それぞれ、１つの電池Ｂで構成されてもよい。   The battery stack S is constituted by a plurality of batteries B (for example, lithium ion batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, or electric double layer capacitors) connected in series. Each battery stack S may be composed of one battery B.

スイッチＳＷは、例えば、ＭＯＳＦＥＴ（Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor）などの半導体リレーや電磁式リレーにより構成される。充電器Ｃｈから電池パック１へ電力が供給されているとき、スイッチＳＷがオンしている電池モジュール２が有する電池Ｂが充電され、その電池Ｂの電圧が上昇する。   The switch SW is configured by, for example, a semiconductor relay such as a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) or an electromagnetic relay. When electric power is supplied from the charger Ch to the battery pack 1, the battery B included in the battery module 2 in which the switch SW is turned on is charged, and the voltage of the battery B increases.

電流検出部２１は、例えば、ホール素子やシャント抵抗により構成され、各電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉを検出する。
温度検出部２２は、例えば、サーミスタにより構成され、各電池Ｂの温度Ｔを検出する。 The current detection unit 21 includes, for example, a Hall element or a shunt resistor, and detects the current I flowing through each battery B.
The temperature detection part 22 is comprised by the thermistor, for example, and detects the temperature T of each battery B.

監視部２３は、例えば、ＣＰＵ（Central Processing Unit）またはプログラマブルディバイス（ＦＰＧＡ（Field Programmable Gate Array）やＰＬＤ（Programmable Logic Device）など）により構成され、各電池Ｂの電圧Ｖを検出する。また、監視部２３は、制御部３から送られてくる指示により、スイッチＳＷのオン、オフを制御する。また、監視部２３は、各電池Ｂの電圧Ｖ、電流検出部２１により検出される電流Ｉ、及び温度検出部２２により検出される温度Ｔを示す電池状態情報を制御部３に送る。   The monitoring unit 23 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or a programmable device (FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), PLD (Programmable Logic Device), etc.), and detects the voltage V of each battery B. In addition, the monitoring unit 23 controls on / off of the switch SW according to an instruction sent from the control unit 3. Further, the monitoring unit 23 sends battery state information indicating the voltage V of each battery B, the current I detected by the current detection unit 21, and the temperature T detected by the temperature detection unit 22 to the control unit 3.

制御部３は、定電流定電圧充電制御を行うことで各電池Ｂを充電させる充電制御部３１と、各電池Ｂの充電率（ＳＯＣ：State Of Charge）を推定する推定部３２とを備える。また、制御部３は、充電停止後において、推定部３２で推定した推定充電率を、車両側制御部５に送る。車両側制御部５は、制御部３から送られてくる充電率を、表示部６（例えば、ディスプレイ）に表示させる。なお、制御部３は、例えば、ＣＰＵまたはプログラマブルディバイスにより構成され、ＣＰＵまたはプログラマブルディバイスが所定のプログラムを実行することによって、充電制御部３１及び推定部３２が実現される。また、充電率推定装置は、例えば、少なくとも充電制御部３１及び推定部３２を備えて構成される。   The control unit 3 includes a charge control unit 31 that charges each battery B by performing constant current and constant voltage charge control, and an estimation unit 32 that estimates a charge rate (SOC: State Of Charge) of each battery B. Further, the control unit 3 sends the estimated charging rate estimated by the estimation unit 32 to the vehicle-side control unit 5 after the charging is stopped. The vehicle-side control unit 5 displays the charging rate sent from the control unit 3 on the display unit 6 (for example, a display). In addition, the control part 3 is comprised by CPU or a programmable device, for example, and the charge control part 31 and the estimation part 32 are implement | achieved when CPU or a programmable device runs a predetermined | prescribed program. In addition, the charging rate estimation device includes, for example, at least a charging control unit 31 and an estimation unit 32.

図２は、制御部３の動作を説明するためのフローチャートである。
まず、制御部３の充電制御部３１は、定電流充電制御を開始する（Ｓ２０１）。
次に、充電制御部３１は、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔよりも小さいとき（Ｓ２０２：Ｎｏ）、定電流充電制御を継続し、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になると（Ｓ２０２：Ｙｅｓ）、定電流充電制御を終了し、定電圧充電制御を開始する（Ｓ２０３）。目標電圧Ｖｔは、例えば、満充電電圧であるが、満充電電圧に限らず任意の電圧でも良い。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the control unit 3.
First, the charging control unit 31 of the control unit 3 starts constant current charging control (S201).
Next, when the voltage V is smaller than the target voltage Vt (S202: No), the charging control unit 31 continues constant current charging control, and when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt (S202: Yes), The constant current charge control is terminated and the constant voltage charge control is started (S203). The target voltage Vt is, for example, a full charge voltage, but is not limited to a full charge voltage and may be an arbitrary voltage.

また、制御部３の推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になると（Ｓ２０２：Ｙｅｓ）、推定充電率を所定の充電率に設定する（Ｓ２０３）。すなわち、推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの推定充電率を所定の充電率に設定する。Ｓ２０３で設定される所定の充電率は１００［％］より小さい値である。   In addition, when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt (S202: Yes), the estimation unit 32 of the control unit 3 sets the estimated charging rate to a predetermined charging rate (S203). That is, the estimation unit 32 sets the estimated charging rate when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt to a predetermined charging rate. The predetermined charging rate set in S203 is a value smaller than 100 [%].

次に、充電制御部３１は、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔよりも小さいとき（Ｓ２０４：Ｎｏ）、定電圧充電制御を継続し、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になると（Ｓ２０４：Ｙｅｓ）、充電器Ｃｈに送信する電流指令値を所定値減少させる（Ｓ２０５）。すなわち、充電制御部３１は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になった後、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になる度に、電流指令値を所定値減少させる。   Next, when the voltage V is smaller than the target voltage Vt (S204: No), the charging control unit 31 continues constant voltage charging control. When the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt (S204: Yes), the charger The current command value transmitted to Ch is decreased by a predetermined value (S205). That is, after the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt, the charge control unit 31 decreases the current command value by a predetermined value every time the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt.

また、推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になると（Ｓ２０４：Ｙｅｓ）、推定充電率を所定量増加させる（Ｓ２０５）。すなわち、推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になった後、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になり電流指令値が減少する度に、推定充電率を所定量増加させる。このように、電流指令値の変化に応じて推定充電率を設定する場合では、電流検出部２１が故障するなどして電流Ｉを検出できない状況であっても、推定充電率を継続して推定することができる。なお、推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になった後、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になり電流指令値が減少して電流Ｉ（電流検出部２１により検出される電流）が減少する度に、推定充電率を所定量増加させるように構成してもよい。この場合、電流検出部２１が故障していないが、電流検出部２１の検出誤差が電流の積算値に多く含まれてしまう状況であっても、推定充電率を精度よく推定することができる。   Further, when the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt (S204: Yes), the estimation unit 32 increases the estimated charging rate by a predetermined amount (S205). That is, the estimation unit 32 increases the estimated charging rate by a predetermined amount each time the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt and the current command value decreases after the voltage V initially becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt. As described above, when the estimated charging rate is set according to the change in the current command value, the estimated charging rate is continuously estimated even in a situation where the current I cannot be detected due to a failure of the current detection unit 21 or the like. can do. The estimation unit 32 determines that the current I (current detected by the current detection unit 21) decreases when the voltage V first exceeds the target voltage Vt and then the voltage V becomes higher than the target voltage Vt and the current command value decreases. The estimated charging rate may be increased by a predetermined amount each time the battery decreases. In this case, although the current detection unit 21 is not out of order, the estimated charging rate can be accurately estimated even in a situation where many detection errors of the current detection unit 21 are included in the integrated current value.

次に、充電制御部３１は、定電圧充電制御を開始した時刻から所定時間が経過していないとき（Ｓ２０６：Ｎｏ）、定電圧充電制御を継続し、定電圧充電制御を開始した時刻から所定時間が経過すると、すなわち、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になってから所定時間経過すると（Ｓ２０６：Ｙｅｓ）、定電圧充電制御を終了する（Ｓ２０７）。例えば、充電制御部３１は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になってから所定時間経過すると、充電器Ｃｈに充電停止指示を送信するとともに、すべてのスイッチＳＷをオンからオフに切り替え、各電池Ｂの充電を停止させる。なお、充電制御部３１は、電流指令値が所定の電流指令値以下になると、充電器Ｃｈに充電停止指示を送信するとともに、すべてのスイッチＳＷをオンからオフに切り替え、各電池Ｂの充電を停止させるように構成してもよい。なお、充電器Ｃｈは、充電停止指示を受け取ると、電池パック１への電力供給を停止する。   Next, the charging control unit 31 continues the constant voltage charging control when the predetermined time has not elapsed since the time when the constant voltage charging control was started (S206: No), and the predetermined time from the time when the constant voltage charging control was started. When time elapses, that is, when a predetermined time elapses after the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt (S206: Yes), the constant voltage charging control is terminated (S207). For example, the charging control unit 31 transmits a charging stop instruction to the charger Ch when a predetermined time elapses after the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt, and switches all the switches SW from on to off, The charging of the battery B is stopped. When the current command value becomes equal to or less than the predetermined current command value, the charge control unit 31 transmits a charge stop instruction to the charger Ch and switches all the switches SW from on to off to charge each battery B. You may comprise so that it may stop. The charger Ch stops the power supply to the battery pack 1 when receiving the charge stop instruction.

また、推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になってから所定時間経過すると（Ｓ２０６：Ｙｅｓ）、各電池Ｂのうち、最も電圧Ｖが高い満充電電池の推定充電率を１００［％］に設定し、各電池Ｂのうち、満充電電池以外の未満充電電池の推定充電率を、充電が停止したときの未満充電電池の電圧Ｖにより推定する（Ｓ２０７）。   Further, when a predetermined time elapses after the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt (S206: Yes), the estimation unit 32 sets the estimated charging rate of the fully charged battery having the highest voltage V among the batteries B to 100. [%], And the estimated charging rate of the less charged battery other than the fully charged battery among the batteries B is estimated by the voltage V of the less charged battery when charging is stopped (S207).

このように、各電池Ｂの充電中において、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの推定充電率を所定の充電率に設定し、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になった後、充電器Ｃｈに送信する電流指令値が減少する度に、または、電流Ｉが減少する度に、推定充電率を所定量増加させているため、所定の充電率として、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になるときの電池Ｂの実際の充電率に近い値を設定することで、電流Ｉの積算値に基づいて推定充電率を求める場合や電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときに推定充電率を１００［％］に設定する場合に比べて、充電中の各電池Ｂの充電率の推定精度を向上させることができる。   In this way, during charging of each battery B, the estimated charging rate when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt is set to a predetermined charging rate, and the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt. Thereafter, every time the current command value transmitted to the charger Ch decreases or every time the current I decreases, the estimated charging rate is increased by a predetermined amount, so that the voltage V is initially set as the predetermined charging rate. By setting a value close to the actual charging rate of the battery B when the voltage becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt, when the estimated charging rate is obtained based on the integrated value of the current I, the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt. As compared with the case where the estimated charging rate is set to 100 [%], the estimation accuracy of the charging rate of each battery B being charged can be improved.

また、各電池Ｂの充電停止後において、各電池Ｂのうち、最も電圧が高い満充電電池の推定充電率を１００［％］に設定し、各電池Ｂのうち、満充電電池以外の未満充電電池の推定充電率を、充電を停止したときの未満充電電池の電圧Ｖにより推定するため、充電停止後の各電池Ｂの充電率の推定精度を向上させることができる。例えば、少なくとも１つの電池Ｂの推定充電率が１００［％］になると、組電池の充電率として１００［％］がユーザに対して表示され、少なくとも１つの電池Ｂの推定充電率が０［％］になると、組電池の充電率として０［％］がユーザに対して表示される場合、各電池Ｂの実際の充電率と、ユーザに対して表示される組電池の充電率との乖離を抑えることができるため、ユーザに違和感を覚えさせないようにすることができる。   In addition, after the charging of each battery B is stopped, the estimated charging rate of the fully charged battery having the highest voltage among the batteries B is set to 100 [%], and less charging of each battery B other than the fully charged battery is performed. Since the estimated charging rate of the battery is estimated based on the voltage V of the less charged battery when charging is stopped, the estimation accuracy of the charging rate of each battery B after stopping charging can be improved. For example, when the estimated charging rate of at least one battery B reaches 100 [%], 100 [%] is displayed to the user as the charging rate of the assembled battery, and the estimated charging rate of at least one battery B is 0 [%]. ], When 0 [%] is displayed to the user as the charging rate of the assembled battery, the difference between the actual charging rate of each battery B and the charging rate of the assembled battery displayed to the user is Since it can suppress, it can prevent a user from feeling uncomfortable.

次に、充電制御部３１及び推定部３２の具体的な動作について説明する。
図３（ａ）は電池Ｂの電圧Ｖの変動例を示す図であり、図３（ｂ）は電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉの変動例を示す図であり、図３（ｃ）は電池Ｂの実際の充電率（一点鎖線）及び推定充電率（実線）の変動例を示す図である。なお、図３（ａ）に示すグラフの横軸は時間を示し、縦軸は電池Ｂの電圧Ｖを示している。また、図３（ｂ）に示すグラフの横軸は時間を示し、縦軸は電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉを示している。また、図３（ｃ）に示すグラフの横軸は時間を示し、縦軸は電池Ｂの充電率を示している。また、図３（ａ）〜図３（ｃ）の各グラフの横軸は互いに同じ時間を示している。 Next, specific operations of the charge control unit 31 and the estimation unit 32 will be described.
3A is a diagram illustrating a variation example of the voltage V of the battery B, FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a variation example of the current I flowing through the battery B, and FIG. It is a figure which shows the example of a fluctuation | variation of an actual charging rate (one-dot chain line) and an estimated charging rate (solid line). In the graph shown in FIG. 3A, the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the voltage V of the battery B. In addition, the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 3B indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the current I flowing through the battery B. In addition, the horizontal axis of the graph shown in FIG. 3C indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates the charging rate of the battery B. In addition, the horizontal axes of the graphs in FIGS. 3A to 3C indicate the same time.

まず、充電制御部３１は、定電流充電制御を開始すると、時間ｔ０〜ｔ１において、電流Ｉを一定電流Ｉｃに保ちつつ、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔまで徐々に上昇するように、電流指令値を充電器Ｃｈに送信することで各電池Ｂを充電させる。   First, when the constant current charging control is started, the charging control unit 31 sets the current command value so that the voltage V gradually increases to the target voltage Vt while maintaining the current I at the constant current Ic at time t0 to t1. Each battery B is charged by transmitting to the charger Ch.

また、推定部３２は、時間ｔ０〜ｔ１において、電流Ｉの積算値に基づいて、推定充電率を求める。例えば、推定部３２は、時間ｔ０〜ｔ１において、推定充電率＝電流Ｉの積算値／満充電容量×１００を計算することにより、推定充電率を求める。なお、推定部３２は、充電開始前に推定した電池Ｂの充電率を記憶部４に記憶しておき、その記憶した充電率を、時間ｔ０〜ｔ１における推定充電率とするように構成してもよい。   Moreover, the estimation part 32 calculates | requires an estimated charging rate based on the integrated value of the electric current I in the time t0-t1. For example, the estimation unit 32 calculates the estimated charging rate by calculating the estimated charging rate = the integrated value of the current I / the full charge capacity × 100 at time t0 to t1. The estimation unit 32 is configured to store the charging rate of the battery B estimated before the start of charging in the storage unit 4 and set the stored charging rate as the estimated charging rate at time t0 to t1. Also good.

次に、充電制御部３１は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になると、定電流充電制御を終了して、定電圧充電制御を開始する。
また、推定部３２は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になると、推定充電率を所定の充電率（例えば、８０［％］）に設定する。なお、ここで設定される所定の充電率は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの電流指令値と電池Ｂの内部抵抗をもとに算出することができる。電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔになったときの実際の電池Ｂの開回路電圧は、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔから、（電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの電流指令値）×（電池Ｂの内部抵抗）により決まる電圧を減算して求めた電圧に近いため、その求めた開回路電圧を用いて、開回路電圧−充電率特性曲線により算出した充電率を所定の充電率とすることができる。なお、電池Ｂの内部抵抗は温度や劣化度によって変化するため、温度や劣化度を考慮して所定の充電率を求めてもよい。 Next, when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt, the charging control unit 31 ends the constant current charging control and starts constant voltage charging control.
Further, when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt, the estimation unit 32 sets the estimated charging rate to a predetermined charging rate (for example, 80 [%]). The predetermined charging rate set here can be calculated based on the current command value and the internal resistance of the battery B when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt. The actual open circuit voltage of the battery B when the voltage V first reaches the target voltage Vt is the current command when the voltage V first exceeds the target voltage Vt (the current command when the voltage V first exceeds the target voltage Vt). Value) × (internal resistance of battery B), which is close to the voltage obtained by subtracting the voltage, and using the obtained open circuit voltage, the charge rate calculated from the open circuit voltage-charge rate characteristic curve is a predetermined value. It can be a charge rate. In addition, since the internal resistance of the battery B changes depending on the temperature and the degree of deterioration, the predetermined charging rate may be obtained in consideration of the temperature and the degree of deterioration.

なお、推定部３２は、例えば、図４（ａ）に示す情報を記憶部４から取り出し、電池Ｂの温度Ｔが低い程、所定の充電率を低く設定し、温度Ｔが高い程、所定の充電率を高く設定してもよい。通常、温度Ｔが低い程、電池Ｂの内部抵抗が大きいために電池Ｂの閉回路電圧と実際の開回路電圧との差が大きくなることから、電池Ｂの実際の充電率が低くなり、温度Ｔが高い程、電池Ｂの実際の充電率が高くなるため、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの推定充電率の推定精度を向上させることができる。   For example, the estimation unit 32 extracts the information illustrated in FIG. 4A from the storage unit 4, sets the predetermined charging rate to be lower as the temperature T of the battery B is lower, and sets the predetermined rate as the temperature T is higher. The charging rate may be set high. In general, the lower the temperature T, the larger the internal resistance of the battery B, and the greater the difference between the closed circuit voltage of the battery B and the actual open circuit voltage. Since the actual charging rate of the battery B increases as T increases, the estimation accuracy of the estimated charging rate when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt can be improved.

また、推定部３２は、例えば、図４（ｂ）に示す情報を記憶部４から取り出し、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉが大きい程、所定の充電率を低く設定し、電流Ｉが小さい程、所定の充電率を高く設定してもよい。通常、電流Ｉが大きい程、電池Ｂの閉回路電圧と実際の開回路電圧との差が大きくなることから、電池Ｂの実際の充電率が低くなり、電流Ｉが小さい程、電池Ｂの実際の充電率が高くなるため、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの推定充電率の推定精度を向上させることができる。   Further, for example, the estimation unit 32 takes out the information shown in FIG. 4B from the storage unit 4, sets the predetermined charging rate lower as the current I flowing through the battery B is larger, and the predetermined value as the current I is smaller. The charging rate may be set high. In general, the larger the current I, the greater the difference between the closed circuit voltage of the battery B and the actual open circuit voltage. Therefore, the actual charging rate of the battery B decreases, and the smaller the current I, the actual battery B. Therefore, the estimation accuracy of the estimated charging rate when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt can be improved.

また、推定部３２は、例えば、図４（ｃ）に示す情報を記憶部４から取り出し、電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄが大きい程、所定の充電率を低く設定し、電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄが小さい程、所定の充電率を高く設定してもよい。通常、電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄが大きい程、電池Ｂの内部抵抗が大きいために電池Ｂの閉回路電圧と実際の開回路電圧との差が大きくなることから、電池Ｂの実際の充電率が小さくなり、電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄが小さい程、電池Ｂの実際の充電率が大きくなるため、電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの推定充電率の推定精度を向上させることができる。   Further, for example, the estimation unit 32 extracts the information shown in FIG. 4C from the storage unit 4, sets the predetermined charging rate lower as the deterioration degree D of the battery B is larger, and the deterioration degree D of the battery B becomes lower. The smaller the value is, the higher the predetermined charging rate may be set. In general, the larger the deterioration degree D of the battery B, the larger the internal resistance of the battery B, so that the difference between the closed circuit voltage of the battery B and the actual open circuit voltage becomes larger. The smaller the deterioration degree D of the battery B, the larger the actual charging rate of the battery B. Therefore, it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the estimated charging rate when the voltage V first exceeds the target voltage Vt. it can.

また、推定部３２は、電池Ｂの温度Ｔ、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉ、及び、電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄの少なくとも２つの変化に応じて、所定の充電率を変化させるように構成してもよい。例えば、推定部３２は、図４（ａ）及び図４（ｂ）に示す各情報を記憶部４から取り出し、電池Ｂの温度Ｔが低い程、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉが大きい程、所定の充電率を低く設定し、電池Ｂの温度Ｔが高い程、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉが小さい程、所定の充電率を高く設定する。例えば、推定部３２は、図４（ａ）〜図４（ｃ）に示す各情報を記憶部４から取り出し、電池Ｂの温度Ｔが低い程、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉが大きい程、電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄが大きい程、所定の充電率を低く設定し、電池Ｂの温度Ｔが高い程、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉが小さい程、電池Ｂの劣化度が小さい程、所定の充電率を高く設定する。   The estimation unit 32 may be configured to change the predetermined charging rate in accordance with at least two changes in the temperature T of the battery B, the current I flowing through the battery B, and the deterioration degree D of the battery B. Good. For example, the estimation unit 32 extracts each piece of information shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B from the storage unit 4, and the lower the temperature T of the battery B, the greater the current I flowing through the battery B, The charging rate is set low, and the predetermined charging rate is set higher as the temperature T of the battery B is higher and the current I flowing through the battery B is lower. For example, the estimation unit 32 extracts each piece of information shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C from the storage unit 4, and the lower the temperature T of the battery B, the larger the current I flowing through the battery B, the larger the battery B The predetermined charging rate is set to be lower as the deterioration degree D of the battery B is larger. The predetermined charging rate is set to be lower as the temperature T of the battery B is higher, the current I flowing through the battery B is smaller, and the deterioration degree of the battery B is smaller. Set high.

次に、充電制御部３１は、定電圧充電制御を開始すると、時間ｔ１〜ｔ２において、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になる度に、電流指令値を所定値（例えば、１［Ａ］）減少させる。   Next, when starting the constant voltage charging control, the charging control unit 31 decreases the current command value by a predetermined value (for example, 1 [A]) every time the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt during the time t1 to t2. Let

また、推定部３２は、時間ｔ１〜ｔ２において、電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になる度に、推定充電率を所定量（例えば、０．２［％］）増加させる。なお、推定部３２は、所定量＝（１００［％］−所定の充電率）／（電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの電流指令値）を計算することにより所定量を求めるように構成してもよい。また、推定部３２は、所定量＝（１００［％］−所定の充電率）×（電圧Ｖが目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になる度に、減少させる電流指令値の減少量）／（電圧Ｖが最初に目標電圧Ｖｔ以上になったときの電流指令値）を計算することにより所定量を求めるように構成してもよい。また、推定部３２は、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉの変化に応じて、所定量を変化させるように構成してもよい。   Further, the estimation unit 32 increases the estimated charging rate by a predetermined amount (for example, 0.2 [%]) every time the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt during the time t1 to t2. The estimation unit 32 calculates the predetermined amount by calculating a predetermined amount = (100 [%] − predetermined charging rate) / (current command value when the voltage V first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt). You may comprise as follows. Further, the estimation unit 32 calculates the predetermined amount = (100 [%] − predetermined charging rate) × (a decrease amount of the current command value to be decreased every time the voltage V becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage Vt) / (the voltage V is first The predetermined amount may be obtained by calculating a current command value when the voltage exceeds the target voltage Vt. Further, the estimation unit 32 may be configured to change a predetermined amount in accordance with a change in the current I flowing through the battery B.

そして、充電制御部３１は、定電圧充電制御を開始してから所定時間ｔ（時間ｔ１〜ｔ２）経過すると、定電圧充電制御を終了する。
また、推定部３２は、定電圧充電制御を開始してから所定時間ｔ（時間ｔ１〜ｔ２）経過すると、各電池Ｂのうち、最も電圧が高い満充電電池の推定充電率を１００［％］に設定し、各電池Ｂのうち、満充電電池以外の未満充電電池の推定充電率を、充電を停止したときの未満充電電池の電圧Ｖにより推定する。 And charge control part 31 will end constant voltage charge control, if predetermined time t (time t1-t2) passes after starting constant voltage charge control.
Further, when a predetermined time t (time t1 to t2) has elapsed since the start of the constant voltage charging control, the estimating unit 32 sets the estimated charging rate of the fully charged battery having the highest voltage among the batteries B to 100 [%]. And the estimated charging rate of the less charged battery other than the fully charged battery among the batteries B is estimated by the voltage V of the less charged battery when charging is stopped.

次に、充電停止後の推定部３２の具体的な動作を説明する。
まず、推定部３２は、図５（ａ）に示すように、電池Ｂに流れる電流Ｉ（Ｉ１、Ｉ２、Ｉ３、・・・）毎に、電池Ｂの温度Ｔ（Ｔ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３、・・・）と電池Ｂの劣化度Ｄ（Ｄ１、Ｄ２、Ｄ３、・・・）と補正値Ｖｃ（充電停止から分極が解消するまでの間に変動する電池Ｂの電圧幅）（Ｖｃ１１、Ｖｃ１２、Ｖｃ１３、・・・）とが対応付けられた情報を記憶部４から取り出し、その取り出した情報を参照して、充電停止時に未満充電電池に流れていた電流Ｉと、充電停止時の未満充電電池の温度Ｔ及び劣化度Ｄとに対応する補正値Ｖｃを求める。なお、電池Ｂに流れる電流が大きくなる程、電池Ｂの分極が大きくなるため、電流Ｉが大きくなる程、補正値Ｖｃが大きな値になるように設定する。また、電池Ｂの温度が高くなる程、電池Ｂの分極が大きくなるため、温度Ｔが大きくなる程、補正値Ｖｃが大きな値になるように設定する。また、電池Ｂの劣化度が大きくなる程、電池Ｂの分極が大きくなるため、劣化度Ｄが大きくなる程、補正値Ｖｃが大きな値になるように設定する。このように補正値Ｖｃを設定することにより、補正値Ｖｃを最適値に近づけることができる。 Next, a specific operation of the estimation unit 32 after stopping charging will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 5A, the estimation unit 32 generates a temperature T (T1, T2, T3,...) Of the battery B for each current I (I1, I2, I3,...) Flowing through the battery B. ..), the deterioration degree D (D1, D2, D3,...) Of the battery B, and the correction value Vc (the voltage width of the battery B that fluctuates from when the charging is stopped until the polarization is eliminated) (Vc11, Vc12,. Vc13,...) Is associated with the current I that has been flowing to the less charged battery when charging is stopped and the less charged battery when charging is stopped with reference to the extracted information. A correction value Vc corresponding to the temperature T and the degree of degradation D is obtained. Since the polarization of the battery B increases as the current flowing through the battery B increases, the correction value Vc is set to a larger value as the current I increases. Further, since the polarization of the battery B increases as the temperature of the battery B increases, the correction value Vc is set to a larger value as the temperature T increases. Further, since the polarization of the battery B increases as the deterioration degree of the battery B increases, the correction value Vc is set to a larger value as the deterioration degree D increases. By setting the correction value Vc in this way, the correction value Vc can be brought close to the optimum value.

次に、推定部３２は、充電停止時（各スイッチＳＷがオンからオフに切り替わった後）に監視部２３により検出された未満充電電池の開回路電圧から、上記求めた補正値Ｖｃを減算することにより、分極解消時の未満充電電池の開回路電圧を推定する。   Next, the estimation unit 32 subtracts the calculated correction value Vc from the open circuit voltage of the less charged battery detected by the monitoring unit 23 when charging is stopped (after each switch SW is switched from on to off). Thus, the open circuit voltage of the less charged battery at the time of depolarization is estimated.

そして、推定部３２は、図５（ｂ）に示すように、電池Ｂの開回路電圧（ＯＣＶ１、ＯＣＶ２、ＯＣＶ３、・・・）と、電池Ｂの充電率（ＳＯＣ１、ＳＯＣ２、ＳＯＣ３、・・・）とが対応付けられた情報を参照して、上記推定した分極解消時の未満充電電池の開回路電圧に対応する充電率を求め、その求めた充電率を未満充電電池の推定充電率とする。   Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the estimation unit 32 generates the open circuit voltage (OCV1, OCV2, OCV3,...) Of the battery B and the charging rate (SOC1, SOC2, SOC3,...) Of the battery B. ) Is referred to, and the charge rate corresponding to the open circuit voltage of the less charged battery at the time of the above-described estimated depolarization is obtained, and the obtained charge rate is calculated as the estimated charge rate of the less charged battery. To do.

このように、充電停止時の未満充電電池の開回路電圧により未満充電電池の充電率を推定する構成であるため、充電停止までに未満充電電池に流れる電流の積算値により未満充電電池の充電率を推定する場合に比べて、電流検出部２１で生じる検出誤差に相当する充電率を未満充電電池の充電率に含ませないようにすることができ、未満充電電池の充電率の推定精度をさらに向上させることができる。また、監視部２３により検出された未満充電電池の開回路電圧から分極を考慮した補正値Ｖｃを減算することで分極解消時の未満充電電池の開回路電圧を推定する構成であるため、分極解消時の未満充電電池の開回路電圧の推定精度を上げることができ、未満充電電池の充電率の推定精度をさらに向上させることができる。また、未満充電電池に流れる電流Ｉ、未満充電電池の温度Ｔ及び劣化度Ｄを考慮して補正値Ｖｃを求める構成であり、補正値Ｖｃを最適値に近づけることができるため、分極解消時の未満充電電池の開回路電圧の推定精度をさらに上げることができ、未満充電電池の充電率の推定精度をさらに向上させることができる。   Thus, since it is the structure which estimates the charge rate of a less charge battery by the open circuit voltage of the less charge battery at the time of a charge stop, the charge rate of a less charge battery by the integrated value of the electric current which flows into a less charge battery by the charge stop Compared to the case of estimating the charging rate of the less charged battery, the charging rate corresponding to the detection error generated in the current detection unit 21 can be prevented from being included in the charging rate of the less charged battery. Can be improved. Further, since the open circuit voltage of the less charged battery at the time of depolarization is estimated by subtracting the correction value Vc in consideration of the polarization from the open circuit voltage of the less charged battery detected by the monitoring unit 23, the polarization elimination The estimation accuracy of the open circuit voltage of the less-charged battery can be increased, and the estimation accuracy of the charging rate of the less-charged battery can be further improved. In addition, the correction value Vc is obtained in consideration of the current I flowing through the less charged battery, the temperature T and the deterioration degree D of the less charged battery, and the correction value Vc can be brought close to the optimum value. The estimation accuracy of the open circuit voltage of the less charged battery can be further increased, and the estimation accuracy of the charging rate of the less charged battery can be further improved.

また、本発明は、上記実施形態に限定されるものでなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々の改良、変更が可能である。   Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various improvements and changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

１ 電池パック
２ 電池モジュール
３ 制御部
４ 記憶部
５ 車両側制御部
６ 表示部
２１ 電流検出部
２２ 温度検出部
２３ 監視部
３１ 充電制御部
３２ 推定部
Ｃｈ 充電器
Ｓ 電池スタック
Ｂ 電池
ＳＷ スイッチ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery pack 2 Battery module 3 Control part 4 Memory | storage part 5 Vehicle side control part 6 Display part 21 Current detection part 22 Temperature detection part 23 Monitoring part 31 Charge control part 32 Estimation part Ch Charger S Battery stack B Battery SW switch

Claims (5)

電池の電圧が最初に目標電圧以上になった後、前記電池の電圧が前記目標電圧以上になる度に、充電器に送信する電流指令値を所定値減少させ、前記電池の電圧が最初に前記目標電圧以上になってから所定時間経過すると、または、前記電流指令値が所定の電流指令値以下になると、前記充電器に充電停止指示を送信し、前記電池の充電を停止させる充電制御部と、
前記電池の電圧が最初に前記目標電圧以上になったときの前記電池の推定充電率を所定の充電率に設定し、前記電池の電圧が最初に前記目標電圧以上になった後、前記充電器に送信する電流指令値が減少する度に、または、前記電池に流れる電流が減少する度に、前記電池の推定充電率を所定量増加させる推定部と、
を備える充電率推定装置。 After the battery voltage first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage, each time the battery voltage becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage, the current command value transmitted to the charger is decreased by a predetermined value, and the battery voltage is A charge control unit for transmitting a charge stop instruction to the charger and stopping charging of the battery when a predetermined time elapses after the voltage becomes equal to or higher than a target voltage, or when the current command value falls below a predetermined current command value; ,
An estimated charging rate of the battery when the voltage of the battery first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage is set to a predetermined charging rate, and after the voltage of the battery first becomes equal to or higher than the target voltage, the charger An estimation unit that increases the estimated charging rate of the battery by a predetermined amount each time the current command value transmitted to the battery decreases or whenever the current flowing through the battery decreases;
A charging rate estimation device comprising: 請求項１に記載の充電率推定装置であって、
前記推定部は、複数の前記電池を有する組電池の充電が停止したとき、前記複数の電池のうち、最も電圧が高い満充電電池の充電率を１００［％］に設定するとともに、前記満充電電池以外の未満充電電池の充電率を、充電が停止したときの前記未満充電電池の電圧から推定する
ことを特徴とする充電率推定装置。 The charging rate estimation device according to claim 1,
The estimation unit sets a charging rate of a fully charged battery having the highest voltage among the plurality of batteries to 100 [%] when charging of the assembled battery having the plurality of batteries is stopped, and the full charge The charge rate estimation apparatus characterized by estimating the charge rate of less than charge batteries other than a battery from the voltage of the less charge battery when charge stops. 請求項１または請求項２に記載の充電率推定装置であって、
前記推定部は、前記電池の温度が低い程、前記所定の充電率を低く設定し、前記電池の温度が高い程、前記所定の充電率を高く設定する
ことを特徴とする充電率推定装置。 The charge rate estimation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
The said estimation part sets the said predetermined charging rate low, so that the temperature of the said battery is low, and sets the said predetermined charging rate high, so that the temperature of the said battery is high. The charging rate estimation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 請求項１〜３の何れか１項に記載の充電率推定装置であって、
前記推定部は、前記電池に流れる電流が大きい程、前記所定の充電率を低く設定し、前記電池に流れる電流が小さい程、前記所定の充電率を高く設定する
ことを特徴とする充電率推定装置。 The charge rate estimation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The estimation unit sets the predetermined charging rate lower as the current flowing through the battery increases, and sets the predetermined charging rate higher as the current flowing through the battery decreases. apparatus. 請求項１〜４の何れか１項に記載の充電率推定装置であって、
前記推定部は、前記電池の劣化度が大きい程、前記所定の充電率を低く設定し、前記電池の劣化度が小さい程、前記所定の充電率を高く設定する
ことを特徴とする充電率推定装置。
The charging rate estimation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The estimation unit sets the predetermined charging rate to be lower as the degree of deterioration of the battery is larger, and sets the predetermined charging rate to be higher as the degree of deterioration of the battery is smaller. apparatus.
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