JP2017143743A

JP2017143743A - Opening/closing structure of ventilation window and hive gate of bee hive

Info

Publication number: JP2017143743A
Application number: JP2016025590A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 健大波; Takeshi Onami; 昌樹草深; Masaki Kusafuka; 順一荒木; Junichi Araki; 幸義金子; Yukiyoshi Kaneko
Original assignee: MARUTO TOKAI SHOJI KK; Katakura Industries Co Ltd
Current assignee: MARUTO TOKAI SHOJI KK; Katakura Industries Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-02-15
Filing date: 2016-02-15
Publication date: 2017-08-24
Anticipated expiration: 2036-02-15
Also published as: JP6538581B2

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an opening/closing structure of a hive gate and ventilation windows of a bee hive in which the ventilation in a hive can thoroughly be performed by widely providing an opening of the ventilation windows, and the opening/closing work of the ventilation windows and the hive gate can also be performed simply.SOLUTION: An opening/closing structure of ventilation windows 22 and a hive gate 23 of a bee hive is provided at a side plate of the bee hive. The opening/closing structure of the ventilation windows 22 and the hive gate 23 includes: a front plate 2 and a back plate 5 provided with the multiple ventilation windows 22 and one hive gate 23 in the same position, respectively; a slide member 34 sandwiched between the front plate 2 and the back plate 5, and provided in a certain direction in a reciprocating manner; and a screen window plate 4 for sealing the openings of the ventilation windows 22 in a ventilating manner. When the positions of the ventilation windows 22 and the ventilation opening 32 are brought into communication with each other by moving the slide member 34, the ventilation windows 22 are opened and the hive gate 23 is closed simultaneously. When the positions of the ventilation windows 22 and the ventilation opening 32 are alternated, the ventilation windows 22 are closed and the hive gate 23 is opened simultaneously.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a ventilation window and a gate opening / closing structure of a honeycomb box.

蜜蜂を利用して蜂蜜を得る養蜂は、女王蜂を中心とする数万匹の群を用いて行われているが、近年は、果物、野菜等のハウス栽培においても、受粉を行うために蜜蜂の利用が行われている。この方法は、一般に昆虫のいない時期の受粉のために、数千匹単位の蜜蜂をハウス内に放ち、受粉させるというものである。 Beekeeping that uses honeybees to obtain honey has been carried out using groups of tens of thousands of queens, but in recent years, in bean cultivation of fruits, vegetables, etc. The use is done. In this method, in general, thousands of bees are released into a house for pollination in order to pollinate in the absence of insects.

よって、蜜蜂を収容して飼育するための巣箱は、養蜂家がハウス栽培農家へ蜜蜂を供給する際の輸送用の容器の役割と、ハウス内において蜜蜂を飼育し、内部の巣脾框に営巣させる役割が必要となる。 Therefore, the nest box for housing and raising bees is the role of a transport container when beekeepers supply bees to house-growing farmers, and the bees are raised inside the house and nesting in the internal nests. The role to make is necessary.

ところで、蜜蜂の飼育条件を良好に保つためには、巣箱内の温度を一定に保つことが非常に重要であることが知られており、特に輸送時には巣箱内の温度が必要以上に上昇して蜜蜂が蒸殺されることを防ぐために十分な換気を行う必要がある。 By the way, in order to keep the bee breeding conditions good, it is known that it is very important to keep the temperature inside the nest box constant, especially during transportation, the temperature inside the nest box rises more than necessary. Adequate ventilation is necessary to prevent the bees from being steamed.

従来は、箱体に形成された巣箱の側板部分に通気窓を設けて巣箱内の換気を行っており、例えば、特許文献１に記載された巣箱のように開閉可能な扉を備えた通気窓を設けたものが知られている。 Conventionally, a ventilation window is provided in the side plate portion of the nest box formed in the box to ventilate the nest box. For example, a ventilation window having a door that can be opened and closed like the nest box described in Patent Document 1 What is provided is known.

しかしながら、このものは、巣門の開閉が別途設けたスライド機構によって行われるものであり、通気窓の開閉と巣門の開閉をそれぞれ行わなければならないため、作業が繁雑となっていた。 However, in this case, the opening and closing of the nest gate is performed by a slide mechanism provided separately, and the opening and closing of the ventilation window and the opening and closing of the nest gate must be performed separately, so that the work is complicated.

そこで、かかる通気窓と巣門の開閉を同時に行えるよう、特許文献２、３に記載の巣箱では、通気窓を開いたときには巣門が閉じ、巣門が開いたときには通気窓を閉じるように連動するスライド式の蓋部材を設けている。 Therefore, in order to be able to open and close the vent window and the nest gate at the same time, the nest boxes described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 are interlocked so that the nest gate is closed when the vent window is opened and the vent window is closed when the nest gate is opened. A sliding lid member is provided.

ところで、これらの巣箱では、その構造上、通気窓により開放される場所が側板の左右もしくは上下の一方に偏っていた。例えば、特許文献２、３に記載の巣箱の場合は、蓋部材が最も下まで降ろされたときに通気窓が全開となるが、側板の下部では蓋部材そのものが通気窓の開放を妨げるため、通気窓により開放される場所は側板の半分より上側のみとなっていた。したがって、巣箱内の上方に滞留する空気が優先的に換気されることになり、箱内をまんべんなく換気することは困難であった。 By the way, in these birdhouses, due to the structure, the place opened by the ventilation window is biased to one of the left and right or top and bottom of the side plate. For example, in the case of the nest box described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, the ventilation window is fully opened when the lid member is lowered to the bottom, but the lid member itself prevents the ventilation window from being opened at the bottom of the side plate. The place opened by the ventilation window was only above the half of the side plate. Therefore, the air staying in the upper part of the nest box is preferentially ventilated, and it is difficult to uniformly ventilate the inside of the box.

さらに、これらの巣箱において通気窓の開口面積を大きくしようとすると、通気窓の一辺の長さが長くなり、よって、かかる通気窓の開閉作業におけるストローク（蓋部材の移動距離）が長くなっていた。このように、開閉作業に伴うストロークが長くなることで通気窓あるいは巣門の開閉に時間がかかるようになると、複数個の巣箱を同時に開閉する場合などには作業に手間取ることになり、作業者が蜜蜂に刺されるなどのリスクも高まる。 Furthermore, when trying to increase the opening area of the ventilation window in these birdhouses, the length of one side of the ventilation window is increased, and thus the stroke (the moving distance of the lid member) in opening and closing the ventilation window is increased. . In this way, if the opening / closing operation takes a long time to open / close the ventilation window or the nest gate, it takes time to open / close multiple nest boxes at the same time. The risk of being stung by bees increases.

特開２００２−１２５５０６JP 2002-125506 A 実開平６−３３４５８6-33458 実用新案登録第３０１０５１６号Utility model registration No. 3010516

そこで本発明は、従来の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造のかかる欠点を克服し、通気窓の開口を広範囲に設けて巣箱内の換気をまんべんなく行うことができ、通気窓および巣門の開閉作業も簡易に行える蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の提供をその課題とするものである。 Therefore, the present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional honeycomb window ventilation window and the opening and closing structure of the nest, and can provide a wide range of ventilation window openings to ventilate the nest box evenly. An object of the present invention is to provide a ventilation window for a honeycomb box and a structure for opening and closing a nest gate that can be easily opened and closed.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するものであり、蜜蜂巣箱の側板に設けられる通気窓および巣門の開閉構造であって、複数の通気窓と１つの巣門をそれぞれ同じ位置に設けた表板および裏板と、該表板と裏板との間に挟まれて一定方向に往復移動可能に設けられたスライド部材と、前記通気窓の開口を通気可能に封止する網体とを備え、前記スライド部材はスライド部材が所定の位置にあるときに表板および裏板の通気窓と対応する位置に通気開口を備え、表板および裏板の通気窓とスライド部材の通気開口はともにスライド部材の移動方向に沿って複数形成され、スライド部材を移動して通気窓と通気開口の位置が一致して連通したときに通気窓が開くとともに、スライド部材を移動して通気窓と通気開口の位置が互い違いになったときに通気窓が閉じ、さらに、通気窓を開く位置にスライド部材を移動したときにスライド部材の一部が巣門を塞ぎ、通気窓を閉じる位置にスライド部材を移動したときに巣門が開く蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造である。 The present invention solves the above-described problem, and is a vent window and a nest gate opening / closing structure provided on a side plate of a honeycomb box, wherein a plurality of vent windows and one nest gate are provided at the same position, respectively. And a back plate, a slide member that is sandwiched between the front plate and the back plate so as to be reciprocally movable in a fixed direction, and a net that seals the opening of the ventilation window so as to allow ventilation. The slide member includes a vent opening at a position corresponding to the vent window of the front plate and the back plate when the slide member is in a predetermined position, and the vent opening of the front plate and the back plate and the vent opening of the slide member are both slide members. When the slide member is moved and the position of the ventilation window and the ventilation opening coincides with each other and communicates with each other, the ventilation window is opened, and the slide member is moved to locate the ventilation window and the ventilation opening. Ventilated when staggered Is closed, and when the slide member is moved to the position where the ventilation window is opened, a part of the slide member blocks the nest gate, and when the slide member is moved to the position where the ventilation window is closed, the honeycomb box opens. Opening and closing structure of windows and nests.

本発明にかかる蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造は、スライド部材により開閉可能な通気窓をスライド部材の移動方向に沿って複数形成することにより、通気窓の開口を広範囲に設けることができ、これにより巣箱内の換気を効果的に行うことができる。 The opening and closing structure of the honeycomb box according to the present invention can be provided in a wide range by forming a plurality of ventilation windows that can be opened and closed by the slide member along the moving direction of the slide member. This can effectively ventilate the nest box.

また、本発明にかかる蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造は、通気窓をスライド部材の移動方向に沿って複数形成することにより、スライド部材による通気窓および巣門の開閉作業を短いストロークで行うことができ、これにより、開閉作業の時間短縮が図ることができる。 In addition, the open / close structure of the honeycomb window according to the present invention includes a plurality of ventilation windows along the moving direction of the slide member, so that the opening / closing operation of the ventilation window and the gate by the slide member can be performed with a short stroke. Thus, the time required for opening and closing can be shortened.

また、本発明にかかる蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造において、通気窓および通気開口を形成する辺部であって、スライド部材の移動方向で対向する辺部において、通気窓および通気開口の中央側が両側よりも幅を有するように傾斜した直線状もしくは曲線状に形成されているものは、通気窓と通気開口の対向する辺が互いに引っ掛かることがなく、スムーズにスライド部材を往復移動させることができる。 Further, in the opening and closing structure of the honeycomb box according to the present invention, the ventilation window and the ventilation opening are formed on the sides that form the ventilation window and the ventilation opening, and are opposed to each other in the moving direction of the slide member. In the case where the central side of the door is formed in a linear or curved shape that is inclined so as to have a width than both sides, the opposing sides of the ventilation window and the ventilation opening are not caught by each other, and the slide member is smoothly reciprocated. be able to.

本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の構成を示す分解斜視図。The disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the opening / closing structure of the ventilation window and nest of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造において、通気窓を開いた状態としたときの正面図。The front view when the ventilation window is made into the open state in the opening / closing structure of the ventilation window and the nest of the honeycomb box according to the present invention. 本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造において、通気窓を閉じた状態としたときの正面図。The front view when the ventilation window is made into the closed state in the opening / closing structure of the ventilation window and the nest gate of the honeycomb box according to the present invention. 本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の異なる実施態様の正面図。The front view of the embodiment from which the ventilation window of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention, and the opening / closing structure of a nest gate differ. 本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の異なる実施態様の構成を示す分解斜視図。The disassembled perspective view which shows the structure of the embodiment from which the ventilation window of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention, and the opening / closing structure of a nest gate differ. （ａ）本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の異なる実施態様の正面図、（ｂ）本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の開閉部の異なる実施態様の正面図。(A) The front view of the embodiment from which the ventilation window of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention, and the opening / closing structure of a nest gate differ, (b) The front view of the embodiment from which the opening / closing part of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention differs. 本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造のつまみ部および係止溝の異なる実施態様の正面図。The front view of the embodiment from which the ventilation part of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention, and the knob part of the opening-and-closing structure of a nest and a locking groove differ.

以下、本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の実施態様を、図面に基づいて具体的に説明する。なお、本発明はこれら実施態様に何ら制約されるものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the air vent window and the gate opening / closing structure of the honeycomb box according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

図１は、本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の構成を示す分解斜視図である。本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造は、蜜蜂巣箱の側板を構成する正面側板、背面側板、左右側板のいずれかに設けることができるが、複数の巣箱をひとつに結束して運搬する場合は左右側板からの換気は困難となるため、巣箱の正面側板もしくは背面側板のいずれか、あるいは巣箱の正面側板と背面側板の両方に設けることが好ましい。 FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of a ventilation window and a door opening / closing structure of a honeycomb box according to the present invention. The opening and closing structure of the honeycomb window of the present invention can be provided on any of the front side plate, the back side plate, and the left and right side plates constituting the side plate of the honeycomb box. When transporting, ventilation from the left and right side plates becomes difficult, so it is preferable to provide either the front side plate or the back side plate of the nest box, or both the front side plate and the back side plate of the nest box.

図に示すように、本実施態様の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造を設けた側板１は、表板２、開閉部３、網窓板４、裏板５の各部材から構成されている。なお、本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造において、後述するように網窓板４を省略して、表板２もしくは裏板５のいずれかに直接網窓を設けてもよい。以下、各部材について説明する。 As shown in the figure, the side plate 1 provided with the ventilation window and the gate opening / closing structure of the honeycomb box according to this embodiment is composed of a front plate 2, an opening / closing part 3, a mesh window plate 4, and a back plate 5. ing. In the honeycomb window vent window and nest gate opening / closing structure of the present invention, the net window plate 4 may be omitted and a net window may be provided directly on either the front plate 2 or the back plate 5 as described later. . Hereinafter, each member will be described.

表板２は、蜜蜂巣箱の側板１の最も外側部分を構成する部材であり、１枚の平板状の本体２１に複数の通気窓２２が穿設され、その下方には蜜蜂が出入りするための巣門２３が、また、その上方には開閉部３のつまみ部３５を挿入するための開口２４が穿設されている。 The front plate 2 is a member constituting the outermost part of the side plate 1 of the honeycomb box, and a plurality of ventilation windows 22 are formed in one flat plate-like main body 21, and for the honeycomb to enter and exit below. The nest gate 23 has an opening 24 for inserting the knob portion 35 of the opening / closing portion 3 above the nest gate 23.

本実施態様において、表板２の通気窓２２は、縦に３段、横に２列の合計６つが設けられているが、スライド部材３４の移動方向である縦方向に２段以上の複数設けていればよく、縦３ないし５段設けることがより好ましい。また、通気窓２２は必ずしも横に複数列設ける必要はなく、横１列としても良い。なお、スライド部材３４の移動方向が横方向の場合は、スライド部材３４の移動方向である横方向に通気窓２２を複数列で設ければ良い。 In the present embodiment, a total of six vent windows 22 on the front plate 2 are provided in three rows vertically and two rows horizontally, but a plurality of two or more steps are provided in the vertical direction, which is the moving direction of the slide member 34. It is sufficient that it is provided, and it is more preferable to provide three to five columns. Further, the ventilation windows 22 do not necessarily have to be provided in a plurality of rows horizontally, and may be in a row. When the movement direction of the slide member 34 is the horizontal direction, the ventilation windows 22 may be provided in a plurality of rows in the horizontal direction, which is the movement direction of the slide member 34.

表板２における通気窓２２を設ける位置は特に制約はないが、複数の通気窓２２の間隔については、高さ方向における通気窓２２の間隔（高さＨ１）が、通気窓２２の開口寸法（高さＨ２）と同一か、もしくはより広くなるように形成されている。 The position where the ventilation window 22 is provided on the front plate 2 is not particularly limited, but the interval between the ventilation windows 22 (height H1) in the height direction is the opening dimension of the ventilation window 22 (height H1). It is formed so as to be equal to or wider than the height H2).

通気窓２２の下方に設けられている巣門２３は、蜜蜂が出入り可能な大きさおよび形状に形成されている。また、通気窓２２の上方の開口２４は、スライド部材３４の移動方向に平行して延伸する矩形状に形成され、その開口内にスライド部材３４のつまみ部３５を挿入でき、その開口内でつまみ部３５の往復移動を許容する。さらに、開口２４の上端からは、係止溝２５が開口２４の延伸方向と直交する一方向に分岐延伸している。 The nest gate 23 provided below the ventilation window 22 is formed in a size and shape that allows the bees to enter and exit. The opening 24 above the ventilation window 22 is formed in a rectangular shape extending in parallel with the moving direction of the slide member 34, and the knob portion 35 of the slide member 34 can be inserted into the opening. The reciprocation of the part 35 is permitted. Further, from the upper end of the opening 24, the locking groove 25 is branched and extended in one direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the opening 24.

次に、本実施態様の裏板５について説明する。裏板５は、蜜蜂巣箱の側板１の最も内側部分を構成する部材であり、１枚の平板状の本体５１に複数の通気窓５２が穿設され、その下方には巣門５３が穿設されている。 Next, the back plate 5 of this embodiment will be described. The back plate 5 is a member constituting the innermost part of the side plate 1 of the honeycomb box, and a plurality of ventilation windows 52 are drilled in one flat plate-like main body 51, and a nest gate 53 is drilled therebelow. Has been.

裏板５の通気窓５２は、表板２の通気窓２２に対応する位置に設けられている。すなわち、本実施態様において、裏板５の通気窓５２は、縦に３段、横に２列の合計６つが設けられているが、後述するスライド部材３４の移動方向である縦方向に沿って２段以上の複数設けていればよく、縦３ないし５段設けることがよりより好ましい。また、通気窓３２は必ずしも横に複数列設ける必要はなく、横１列としても良い。なお、スライド部材３４の移動方向が横方向の場合は、スライド部材３４の移動方向である横方向に通気窓３２を複数列で設ければ良い。 The ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5 is provided at a position corresponding to the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2. In other words, in the present embodiment, the ventilation windows 52 of the back plate 5 are provided in a total of six in three rows in the vertical direction and two rows in the horizontal direction. It is sufficient to provide a plurality of two or more stages, and it is more preferable to provide three to five stages vertically. Further, the ventilation windows 32 do not necessarily have to be provided in a plurality of horizontal rows, and may be in a horizontal row. When the movement direction of the slide member 34 is the horizontal direction, the ventilation windows 32 may be provided in a plurality of rows in the horizontal direction that is the movement direction of the slide member 34.

裏板５における通気窓５２を設ける位置は、表板２の通気窓２２に対応していれば特に制約はないが、複数の通気窓５２の間隔については、高さ方向における通気窓５２の間隔（高さＨ１）が、通気窓５２の開口寸法（高さＨ２）と同一か、もしくはより広くなるように形成されている。 The position where the ventilation window 52 is provided on the back plate 5 is not particularly limited as long as it corresponds to the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2. However, the interval between the plurality of ventilation windows 52 is the interval between the ventilation windows 52 in the height direction. (Height H1) is formed to be equal to or wider than the opening dimension (height H2) of the ventilation window 52.

通気窓５２の下方に設けられている巣門５３は、表板２の巣門２３に対応する位置に、蜜蜂が出入り可能な大きさおよび形状に形成されている。 The nest 53 provided below the ventilation window 52 is formed in a size and shape that allows bees to enter and exit at a position corresponding to the nest 23 of the front plate 2.

表板２と裏板５の間には、サンドイッチ状に挟まれる形で開閉部３と網窓板４が設けられている。すなわち、本実施態様の側板１は、表板２、開閉部３、網窓板４、裏板５の順で積層するように、接着等の手段により隣接する部材同士がスライド部材３４を除いて互いに固定されている。以下、開閉部３の構成について説明する。 Between the front plate 2 and the back plate 5, an opening / closing part 3 and a mesh window plate 4 are provided so as to be sandwiched. That is, the side plate 1 of the present embodiment is configured such that the adjacent members except for the slide member 34 are bonded by means such as adhesion so that the front plate 2, the opening / closing part 3, the mesh window plate 4, and the back plate 5 are laminated in this order. They are fixed to each other. Hereinafter, the configuration of the opening / closing part 3 will be described.

開閉部３は、枠部材３１と該枠部材３１の開口３３内にスライド可能に設けられたスライド部材３４からなる。枠部材３１はスライド部材の外寸よりもスライド部材の移動方向に長い内寸の開口３３を備え、開口３３の下端には凹部３３１が下方へ凹陥するように形成されている。かかる凹部３３１は、巣門２３、５３に対応する位置に設けられ、少なくとも、巣門２３、５３の開口寸法より大きい開口寸法にて形成されている。 The opening / closing part 3 includes a frame member 31 and a slide member 34 slidably provided in the opening 33 of the frame member 31. The frame member 31 includes an opening 33 having an inner dimension that is longer in the moving direction of the slide member than the outer dimension of the slide member, and a recess 331 is formed in the lower end of the opening 33 so as to be recessed downward. The concave portion 331 is provided at a position corresponding to the nest gates 23 and 53, and is formed with an opening size larger than at least the opening size of the nest gates 23 and 53.

スライド部材３４は、その外寸において枠部材３１の開口３３内寸よりも移動方向に短く形成されており、かかる開口３３の内寸とスライド部材３４の外寸の差により、開口３３内にはスライド部材３４が縦方向に往復移動可能な余地がある。そして、開閉部３は表板２と網窓板４の間にサンドイッチ状に挟まれているが、スライド部材３４自体は表板２と網窓板４のいずれにも固定されていないため、開口３３内の許容範囲において上下動可能となっている。また、スライド部材３４の下端からは凸部３４１が下方へ突出しており、スライド部材３４が最下位に位置するときに、凹部３３１に嵌め込まれる。 The outer dimension of the slide member 34 is shorter in the moving direction than the inner dimension of the opening 33 of the frame member 31. Due to the difference between the inner dimension of the opening 33 and the outer dimension of the slide member 34, There is room for the slide member 34 to reciprocate in the vertical direction. The opening / closing portion 3 is sandwiched between the front plate 2 and the net window plate 4, but the slide member 34 itself is not fixed to either the front plate 2 or the net window plate 4. In the allowable range within 33, it can be moved up and down. Further, the convex portion 341 protrudes downward from the lower end of the slide member 34 and is fitted into the concave portion 331 when the slide member 34 is positioned at the lowest position.

スライド部材３４には、スライド部材３４が所定の位置にあるときに、表板２の通気窓２２および裏板５の通気窓５２に一致する位置に通気開口３２が穿設されている。本実施態様では、スライド部材３４が最下位に位置するときに表板２の通気窓２２および裏板５の通気窓５２に一致する位置に通気開口３２が設けられている。 The slide member 34 is provided with a vent opening 32 at a position corresponding to the vent window 22 of the front plate 2 and the vent window 52 of the back plate 5 when the slide member 34 is in a predetermined position. In the present embodiment, the ventilation opening 32 is provided at a position that coincides with the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2 and the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5 when the slide member 34 is positioned at the lowest position.

さらに、スライド部材３４の上部には、つまみ部３５が表板２側へ突出するように設けられている。このつまみ部３５は、スライド部材３４の上部に水平に形成された溝部３６内に挿入された状態となっており、かかる溝部３６内において左右に移動可能に形成されている。 Further, a knob portion 35 is provided on the upper portion of the slide member 34 so as to protrude toward the front plate 2 side. The knob portion 35 is inserted into a groove portion 36 formed horizontally on the upper portion of the slide member 34, and is formed to be movable left and right in the groove portion 36.

次に、裏板５と開閉部３との間に挟まれる形で設けられている網窓板４について説明する。網窓板４は、１枚の平板状の本体４１に複数の網窓４２が穿設され、その下方には巣門４３が穿設されている。網窓４２は、表板２の通気窓２２および裏板５の通気窓５２と同一寸法および同一形状の開口を、蜜蜂が通過不可能な網目を有する網体を貼付して通気可能に封止している。 Next, the mesh window plate 4 provided in a form sandwiched between the back plate 5 and the opening / closing part 3 will be described. The mesh window plate 4 has a plurality of mesh windows 42 drilled in a flat plate-shaped main body 41, and a nest 43 is drilled below the mesh window plate 42. The mesh window 42 has an opening having the same size and shape as the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2 and the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5, and is sealed so as to allow ventilation by attaching a mesh body having a mesh through which bees cannot pass. doing.

網窓板４の網窓４２は、表板２の通気窓２２および裏板５の通気窓５２に対応する位置に設けられている。すなわち、本実施態様において、網窓板４の網窓４２は、縦に３段、横に２列の合計６つが設けられている。ただし、かかる網窓４２は必ずしも通気窓２２、５２に対応する位置に複数設ける必要はなく、通気窓２２、５２をまとめてカバーできる範囲においてひとつの網窓４２を設けても良い。 The mesh window 42 of the mesh window plate 4 is provided at a position corresponding to the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2 and the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5. In other words, in the present embodiment, the net window 42 of the net window plate 4 is provided in a total of six in three rows vertically and two rows horizontally. However, it is not always necessary to provide a plurality of mesh windows 42 at positions corresponding to the ventilation windows 22 and 52, and one mesh window 42 may be provided in a range that can cover the ventilation windows 22 and 52 together.

網窓４２の下方に設けられている巣門４３は、表板２の巣門２３および裏板５の巣門５３に対応する位置に設けられており、蜜蜂が出入り可能な大きさおよび形状に形成されている。 The nest gate 43 provided below the mesh window 42 is provided at a position corresponding to the nest gate 23 of the front plate 2 and the nest gate 53 of the back plate 5, and has a size and shape that allows the bees to enter and exit. Is formed.

なお、側板１を構成する網窓板４に関しては、これを省略してもよく、代わりに表板２の通気窓２２もしくは裏板５の通気窓５２のいずれかに直接網体を貼付して網窓とすることもできる。例えば、網窓板４を省略し、裏板５の通気窓５２に直接網体を貼付して網窓とすることで、裏板５を網窓板４と兼用させてもよい。 Note that this may be omitted with respect to the mesh window plate 4 constituting the side plate 1, and instead, a mesh body is directly attached to either the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2 or the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5. It can also be a mesh window. For example, the back window 5 may be used also as the net window plate 4 by omitting the net window plate 4 and attaching a net directly to the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5 to form a net window.

次に、本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の巣門および通気窓の開閉構造の働きについて具体的に説明する。図２は、側板１の各部材が組み立てられた状態での正面図である。かかる状態で、側板１は蜜蜂巣箱の側面を構成しているが、本図では巣箱のその他の構成要素については図示せずに省略する。 Next, the action of the opening / closing structure of the nest gate and the ventilation window of the honeycomb box of the present invention will be specifically described. FIG. 2 is a front view in a state where the members of the side plate 1 are assembled. In this state, the side plate 1 constitutes the side surface of the honeycomb box, but in this figure, other components of the honeycomb box are not shown and omitted.

図２は、通気窓が開いて、巣門が閉じた状態を表している。一般的に、巣箱の運搬時にはこのように、通気窓は開いて巣門が閉じられた状態となる。かかる状態において、スライド部材３４は、枠部材３１の開口３３内の最下位に位置している。スライド部材３４がこのように最下位に位置する場合、スライド部材３４の通気開口３２が、表板２の通気窓２２、裏板５の通気窓５２、さらには網窓板４の網窓４２の位置と一致して連通するため、一連の通気窓は開いた状態（ただし、網窓４２により蜜蜂の出入りは阻止される）で維持される。 FIG. 2 shows a state in which the ventilation window is opened and the nest gate is closed. In general, when the nest box is transported, the ventilation window is opened and the nest gate is closed. In such a state, the slide member 34 is positioned at the lowest position in the opening 33 of the frame member 31. When the slide member 34 is positioned at the lowest position in this way, the ventilation opening 32 of the slide member 34 has the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2, the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5, and further the mesh window 42 of the mesh window plate 4. In order to communicate in accordance with the position, the series of ventilation windows are maintained in an open state (however, the mesh window 42 prevents the bees from entering and exiting).

また、スライド部材３４がこのように最下位に位置することで、開閉部３の凹部３３１にスライド部材３４の凸部３４１が嵌め込まれ、よって、凹部３３１とほぼ同じ位置に設けられている巣門２３は凸部３４１によって閉塞された状態となる。これにより、蜜蜂が巣箱より出入りすることは不可能となる。 Further, since the slide member 34 is positioned at the lowest position in this way, the convex portion 341 of the slide member 34 is fitted into the concave portion 331 of the opening / closing portion 3, and thus, the nest gate provided at substantially the same position as the concave portion 331. 23 is closed by the convex portion 341. This makes it impossible for the bees to enter and exit the hive.

図３は、通気窓が閉じて、巣門が開いた状態を表している。一般的に、巣箱をビニールハウスなどに設置する時には、このように、通気窓は閉じて巣門が開いた状態で使用する。かかる状態において、スライド部材３４は、枠部材３１の開口３３内の最上位に位置している。スライド部材３４がこのように最上位に位置する場合、スライド部材３４の通気開口３２の位置が、表板２の通気窓２２、裏板５の通気窓５２、さらには網窓板４の網窓４２の位置と互い違いとなる。 FIG. 3 shows a state where the ventilation window is closed and the nest gate is opened. Generally, when installing a nest box in a greenhouse or the like, the vent window is closed and the nest is opened. In such a state, the slide member 34 is positioned at the uppermost position in the opening 33 of the frame member 31. When the slide member 34 is positioned at the highest position in this way, the position of the ventilation opening 32 of the slide member 34 is such that the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2, the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5, and the mesh window of the mesh window plate 4. 42 is alternated with the position.

このように、スライド部材３４の通気開口３２の位置が、表板２の通気窓２２、裏板５の通気窓５２、さらには網窓板４の網窓４２の位置と互い違いになると、通気窓２２、５２、網窓４２は、複数段で設けられた通気開口３２の間に位置することになるため、結果的に通気窓２２、５２は、スライド部材３４の一部によって閉塞されることになる。 Thus, when the position of the ventilation opening 32 of the slide member 34 is alternated with the position of the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2, the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5, and the mesh window 42 of the mesh window plate 4, 22 and 52 and the mesh window 42 are located between the ventilation openings 32 provided in a plurality of stages. As a result, the ventilation windows 22 and 52 are blocked by a part of the slide member 34. Become.

また、スライド部材３４がこのように最上位に位置することで、図２の状態では開閉部３の凹部３３１に嵌っていたスライド部材３４の凸部３４１が上方へ移動して凹部３３１が開口するため、凹部３３１とほぼ同じ位置に設けられている巣門２３が、他の部材の巣門２３、４３、５３と連通して開放状態となる。これにより、蜜蜂の巣箱からの出入りが可能となる。 Further, since the slide member 34 is positioned at the uppermost position in this manner, the convex portion 341 of the slide member 34 fitted in the concave portion 331 of the opening / closing portion 3 in the state of FIG. 2 moves upward to open the concave portion 331. Therefore, the nest gate 23 provided at substantially the same position as the concave portion 331 communicates with the nest gates 23, 43, 53 of other members and is in an open state. This allows access from the honeycomb box.

図２から図３の状態に移行するためには、スライド部材３４を引き上げる作業が必要だが、かかる作業は、表板２の開口２４から前方に突出するつまみ部３５を指で保持し、開口２４内で引き上げれば良い。そして、つまみ部３５を開口２４内の最上部に引き上げた後、横の係止溝２５へスライド移動させればつまみ部３５は係止溝２５内で係止し、スライド部材３４を最上位で固定することができる。そして、図３から図２の状態に移行するためには、上記の逆の手順で係止溝２５におけるつまみ部３５の係止を解除し、スライド部材３４を引き下げればよい。 In order to shift from the state shown in FIG. 2 to FIG. 3, an operation of pulling up the slide member 34 is necessary. In this operation, the knob portion 35 protruding forward from the opening 24 of the front plate 2 is held by a finger. Just pull it up. Then, after the knob portion 35 is pulled up to the uppermost portion in the opening 24, the knob portion 35 is locked in the locking groove 25 by sliding to the horizontal locking groove 25, and the slide member 34 is moved to the uppermost position. Can be fixed. In order to shift from the state shown in FIG. 3 to the state shown in FIG. 2, it is only necessary to release the locking of the knob portion 35 in the locking groove 25 and to lower the slide member 34 in the reverse procedure described above.

このように、本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造では、開口総面積が同じ通気窓を１箇所のみ設けた場合と比較して、スライド部材３４の開閉作業に伴うストローク（図３の移動距離Ｘ）が短くなるため、巣門および通気窓の開閉時間を短縮することが可能となる。 Thus, in the honeycomb window vent window and nest gate opening / closing structure of the present invention, compared with the case where only one vent window having the same total opening area is provided, the stroke (see FIG. 3), the opening / closing time of the nest gate and the ventilation window can be shortened.

なお、以上の実施態様では、通気窓、網窓、巣門の形状がいずれも矩形に形成されているが、開口形状はこれに限定されず、円形、楕円形、多角形などでも良い。特に、通気窓および通気開口を形成する辺部であって、スライド部材の移動方向で対向する辺部（本実施態様では上辺および下辺）を互いに平行する直線状に設けるのではなく、通気窓および通気開口の中央側が膨出するように傾斜した直線状もしくは曲線状に形成することが好ましい。このように、通気窓および通気開口を形成する上辺および下辺を、中央部分が膨出するように傾斜した直線もしくは曲線状にすることで、スライド部材３４を上下移動する際、通気開口３２と通気窓２２の対向する辺（例えば通気開口３２の開口下辺と通気窓２２の開口上辺）とが互いに引っ掛かることを防ぐことができる。このような通気窓と通気開口の対向する辺同士の引っ掛かりは、特に巣箱の吸湿などにより側板が反った場合などに生じやすい。 In the above embodiment, the vent window, the mesh window, and the nest gate are all formed in a rectangular shape, but the opening shape is not limited thereto, and may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or the like. In particular, the side portions that form the ventilation window and the ventilation opening and that are opposed to each other in the moving direction of the slide member (in this embodiment, the upper side and the lower side) are not provided in a straight line parallel to each other. It is preferable to form a straight line or a curved line inclined so that the center side of the ventilation opening bulges. In this way, the upper side and the lower side forming the ventilation window and the ventilation opening are formed in a straight line or a curved line inclined so that the central portion swells, so that when the slide member 34 is moved up and down, the ventilation opening 32 and the ventilation are formed. The opposing sides of the window 22 (for example, the lower opening side of the ventilation opening 32 and the upper opening side of the ventilation window 22) can be prevented from being caught with each other. Such catching between the sides of the ventilation window and the ventilation opening tends to occur particularly when the side plate is warped due to moisture absorption of the nest box.

図４は、本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の異なる実施態様を示す。本実施態様のものは、通気窓２２、５２と通気窓３２が、横３列設けられ、そのうち、左右２列はそれぞれ縦３段、中央１列は縦２段に設けられ、合計８つとなっている。そして、本実施態様の通気窓および通気開口の開口形状が６角形に形成されており、開口の上辺および下辺が、中央部分が膨出するように傾斜した山型および谷型の直線状に形成されている。このように、通気窓２２、５２および通気開口３２の開口形状を、中央部分が膨出するように形成することで、通気窓２２と通気開口３２の上下辺が互いに引っ掛かることがなくなり、スムーズにスライド部材３４を上下動させることができる。 FIG. 4 shows a different embodiment of the opening and closing structure of the honeycomb box according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the ventilation windows 22 and 52 and the ventilation windows 32 are provided in three horizontal rows, of which the left and right two rows are provided in three vertical rows and the central one row is provided in two vertical rows, for a total of eight. ing. And the opening shape of the ventilation window and ventilation opening of this embodiment is formed in a hexagon, and the upper side and the lower side of the opening are formed in a mountain-shaped and valley-shaped linear shape inclined so that the central portion bulges out. Has been. In this way, by forming the opening shapes of the ventilation windows 22 and 52 and the ventilation opening 32 so that the central portion swells, the upper and lower sides of the ventilation window 22 and the ventilation opening 32 are not caught from each other smoothly. The slide member 34 can be moved up and down.

また、本実施態様の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造は、表板２の開口２４の上端から延伸する係止溝２５に加え、開口２４の下端から係止溝２６が反対方向に延伸するように設けられている。この係止溝２６に、スライド部材３４のつまみ部３５を挿入することにより、スライド部材３４を最下位に位置した状態で固定することができる。 In addition, in the opening / closing structure of the vent window and the nest gate of the present embodiment, the locking groove 26 extends in the opposite direction from the lower end of the opening 24 in addition to the locking groove 25 extending from the upper end of the opening 24 of the front plate 2. Is provided. By inserting the knob portion 35 of the slide member 34 into the locking groove 26, the slide member 34 can be fixed in a state of being positioned at the lowest position.

さらに、係止溝２５、２６には、図７に示すように、その先端側につまみ部３５を収納可能な係止凹部２５１、２６１を切り欠き形成してもよい。係止溝２５、２６に挿入されたつまみ部３５をかかる係止凹部２５１、２６１に収納することにより、移動中などの振動によりつまみ部３５が開口２４内に誤って戻ることを防ぐことができる。本実施態様のつまみ部３５は、係止凹部２５１、２６１との係止をより確実なものとするためにも、弾性を有する素材で略Ｖ字に折り曲げ形成され、その屈曲部が前方に突出した態様のものが好ましい。かかる略Ｖ字状に形成されたつまみ部３５は、上下から指でつぶすように保持することにより屈曲部がさらに折り曲げられ、略Ｖ字状から板状に変形する。かかる状態でつまみ部３５を係止溝２５または２６内に挿入し、つまみ部３５が係止凹部２５１または２６１の位置まで到達したとき、保持していた指を離すことにより、板状から略Ｖ字状に弾性復帰し、図７に示すように係止凹部２５１（または２６１）内において係止される。かかるつまみ部３５の素材は、一定の弾性を有する素材であれば特に限定はされないが、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ポリエチレン等の合成樹脂や、ゴム、またはアルミなどの金属などが好適に利用できる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the locking grooves 25, 26 may be formed by notching locking recesses 251, 261 that can accommodate the knob portion 35 on the tip side. By storing the knob portion 35 inserted into the locking grooves 25 and 26 in the locking recesses 251 and 261, it is possible to prevent the knob portion 35 from being erroneously returned into the opening 24 due to vibration during movement or the like. . The knob portion 35 of this embodiment is formed to be bent into a substantially V shape with an elastic material so that the locking with the locking recesses 251 and 261 is more reliable, and the bent portion protrudes forward. The embodiment described above is preferred. The knob portion 35 formed in a substantially V shape is held so as to be crushed by a finger from above and below, whereby the bent portion is further bent, and is deformed from a substantially V shape to a plate shape. In this state, the knob portion 35 is inserted into the locking groove 25 or 26, and when the knob portion 35 reaches the position of the locking recess 251 or 261, the finger that has been held is released to release the V from the plate shape. It returns to the shape of a letter and is locked in the locking recess 251 (or 261) as shown in FIG. The material of the knob portion 35 is not particularly limited as long as it has a certain elasticity, but a synthetic resin such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, or polyethylene, a metal such as rubber or aluminum can be suitably used.

図５は、本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の異なる実施態様の構成を示す分解斜視図である。本実施態様では、開閉部３は枠材３１を伴うことなくスライド部材３４のみで構成されている。具体的には、スライド部材３４は表板２および裏板５に対して移動方向の外寸（本実施態様では高さ）がより短く形成されており、一方、移動方向と垂直方向の外寸（本実施態様では横幅）は表板２および裏板３と略同一に形成されている。そして、スライド部材３４は表板２と裏板５の間にサンドイッチ状に挟まれているとともに、そのいずれとも固定されていないため、表板２と裏板５との長さの差だけ上下動可能となっている。また、スライド部材３４はその横幅が表板２および裏板３と略同一に形成されているため、上下動の際に横に位置がぶれるおそれがなく、よって、枠部材３１によりその往復移動を規制する必要がない。 FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view showing a configuration of a different embodiment of the opening and closing structure of the honeycomb window according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, the opening / closing part 3 is configured only by the slide member 34 without the frame member 31. Specifically, the slide member 34 is formed with a shorter outer dimension (height in the present embodiment) in the moving direction than the front plate 2 and the back plate 5, while the outer dimension in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction. (Width in this embodiment) is formed substantially the same as the front plate 2 and the back plate 3. Since the slide member 34 is sandwiched between the front plate 2 and the back plate 5 and is not fixed to either of them, the slide member 34 moves up and down by the difference in length between the front plate 2 and the back plate 5. It is possible. Further, since the slide member 34 has substantially the same lateral width as the front plate 2 and the back plate 3, there is no possibility that the position of the slide member 34 will be laterally moved when moving up and down. There is no need to regulate.

本実施態様では、通気窓２２、５２、通気開口３２は、縦３段、横３列に設けられているが、その中央には通気窓２２の代わりに開口２４を、また、通気開口３２の代わりにつまみ部３５を設けている。なお、つまみ部３５は溝部３６内において左右に移動可能に形成されており、本実施態様のように、つまみ部３５をスライド部材３４のほぼ中央に設けることにより、つまみ部３５および溝部３６周辺の強度をより向上させることが可能となる。 In this embodiment, the ventilation windows 22 and 52 and the ventilation openings 32 are provided in three vertical rows and three horizontal rows, but the opening 24 is provided in the center instead of the ventilation windows 22, and the ventilation openings 32 are provided. Instead, a knob portion 35 is provided. The knob portion 35 is formed so as to be movable left and right in the groove portion 36, and by providing the knob portion 35 at substantially the center of the slide member 34 as in the present embodiment, the vicinity of the knob portion 35 and the groove portion 36 is provided. The strength can be further improved.

さらに本実施態様では、網窓板４を設けずに網体４４を裏板５に直接貼付することにより、通気窓５２を通気可能に封止している。この網体４４は、裏板５の通気窓５２が形成された領域全体をカバーできる大きさ、形状に形成された一枚の網状シートからなる。 Furthermore, in this embodiment, the ventilation window 52 is sealed so as to be able to ventilate by directly attaching the mesh body 44 to the back plate 5 without providing the mesh window plate 4. The mesh body 44 is formed of a single mesh sheet formed in a size and shape that can cover the entire area of the back plate 5 where the ventilation window 52 is formed.

本実施態様の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造の操作方法に関しては、第一の態様（図１）のものと基本的には変わるところはない。すなわち、表板２の開口２４から突出するつまみ部３５を指で保持して開口２４内で上下動させることにより、スライド部材３４を上下動させることができる。そして、スライド部材３４を最上位で固定する場合は、開口２４の上端から水平延伸する係止溝２５内につまみ部３５を移動させて係止させればよく、また、その最下位で固定する場合は、開口２４の下端から水平延伸する係止溝２６内につまみ部３５を移動させて係止させればよい。 Regarding the operating method of the ventilation window of the honeycomb box and the opening / closing structure of the nest gate according to this embodiment, there is basically no difference from that of the first embodiment (FIG. 1). That is, the slide member 34 can be moved up and down by holding the knob portion 35 protruding from the opening 24 of the front plate 2 with a finger and moving it up and down within the opening 24. Then, when the slide member 34 is fixed at the uppermost position, the knob portion 35 may be moved and locked in the locking groove 25 extending horizontally from the upper end of the opening 24, and the slide member 34 is fixed at the lowermost position. In this case, the knob portion 35 may be moved and locked in the locking groove 26 that extends horizontally from the lower end of the opening 24.

本実施態様のスライド部材３４が最下位にあるときに、通気窓２２、５２と通気開口３２とが連通し、一連の通気窓は開いた状態となる。一方、巣門２３、５３は、スライド部材３４の下部によって閉塞された状態となっている。逆に、スライド部材３４が最上位にあるときは、通気窓２２、５２と通気開口３２とが互い違いとなるため、通気窓２２、５２はスライド部材３４の一部によって閉塞された状態となっている。一方、巣門２３、５３は、スライド部材３４の下部が届かない状態となっているため、その開口を閉塞するものがなく開放状態となっている。 When the slide member 34 of the present embodiment is at the lowest position, the ventilation windows 22 and 52 and the ventilation opening 32 communicate with each other, and the series of ventilation windows are opened. On the other hand, the nests 23 and 53 are closed by the lower part of the slide member 34. On the contrary, when the slide member 34 is at the uppermost position, the ventilation windows 22 and 52 and the ventilation opening 32 are alternated, so that the ventilation windows 22 and 52 are closed by a part of the slide member 34. Yes. On the other hand, the nests 23 and 53 are in a state where the lower part of the slide member 34 does not reach, so that there is nothing that closes the opening and the open state.

図６（ａ）は、本発明に係る蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造のさらに異なる実施態様の構成を示す正面図である。この態様の表板２には、軸止部２７を中心としてそこから四方へ放射状に形成された略菱形の通気窓２２と、該通気窓２２の上部に設けられた開口２４、該通気窓２２の下部に設けられた巣門２３とを備える。開口２４は、スライド部材３４の移動方向（回転方向）に平行して延伸するように円弧状に形成され、その両端部からは開口２４の延伸方向と直交する下方へ係止溝２５及び２６が分岐形成されている。 Fig.6 (a) is a front view which shows the structure of the further another embodiment of the opening / closing structure of the ventilation window and nest of the honeycomb box which concerns on this invention. The front plate 2 of this embodiment has a substantially rhombus-shaped ventilation window 22 that is radially formed from the axial stop portion 27 in the four directions, an opening 24 provided on the ventilation window 22, and the ventilation window 22. And a nest gate 23 provided at the lower part. The opening 24 is formed in an arc shape so as to extend in parallel with the moving direction (rotation direction) of the slide member 34, and locking grooves 25 and 26 are formed downward from both ends thereof perpendicular to the extending direction of the opening 24. Branched and formed.

図６（ｂ）は、本実施態様における開閉部３の正面図である。図に示すように、本実施態様の開閉部３は、円形に形成されたスライド部材３４と、該スライド部材３４の周縁部から上方へ突出する凸部３４２、該スライド部材３４の周縁部から凸部３４２の反対側の下方へ突出する凸部３４３とを備える。スライド部材３４には、軸止部３７を中心としてそこから四方へ放射状に形成された略扇形の通気開口３２が形成されており、凸部３４２にはスライド部材３４の放射方向に溝部３６が形成され、該溝部３６内ではつまみ部３５が移動可能に設けられている。また、凸部３４３の左下側には、巣門開口３４４が形成されている。 FIG.6 (b) is a front view of the opening-and-closing part 3 in this embodiment. As shown in the figure, the opening / closing part 3 of this embodiment includes a slide member 34 formed in a circular shape, a convex part 342 protruding upward from the peripheral part of the slide member 34, and a convex part from the peripheral part of the slide member 34. And a convex portion 343 projecting downward on the opposite side of the portion 342. The slide member 34 is formed with a substantially fan-shaped vent opening 32 formed radially from there about the shaft stop portion 37, and a groove portion 36 is formed in the convex portion 342 in the radial direction of the slide member 34. The knob portion 35 is movably provided in the groove portion 36. A nest opening 344 is formed on the lower left side of the convex portion 343.

本実施態様の巣箱側板は、上述の表板２と開閉部３のほかに、裏板５を備える（図示せず）。裏板５は、開口２４、係止溝２５、２６が設けられていない点を除けば表板２と同様に形成され、その通気窓５２を通気可能に封止するように網体４４が直接貼付されている。さらに、スライド部材３４は、軸止部３７において表板２の軸止部２７に回転可能に軸支されており、そのつまみ部３５が開口２４（係止状態では係止溝２５もしくは２６）内に挿入された状態となっている。 The nest box side plate of this embodiment includes a back plate 5 (not shown) in addition to the above-described front plate 2 and opening / closing part 3. The back plate 5 is formed in the same manner as the front plate 2 except that the opening 24 and the locking grooves 25 and 26 are not provided, and the net body 44 is directly attached so as to seal the ventilation window 52 so as to allow ventilation. It is affixed. Further, the slide member 34 is rotatably supported by the shaft stop portion 37 of the front plate 2 at the shaft stop portion 37, and the knob portion 35 is in the opening 24 (the lock groove 25 or 26 in the locked state). It is in the state inserted in.

本実施態様の蜜蜂巣箱の巣門および通気窓の開閉構造の働きは以下の通りである。スライド部材３４のつまみ部３５を円弧状の開口２４内で往復移動させることにより、スライド部材３４を軸止部３７を中心に一定の範囲で往復移動（回転）させることができる。図６（ａ）の状態では、つまみ部３５は係止溝２５内に係止された状態となっており、この状態では、スライド部材３４の通気開口３２が、表板２の通気窓２２、裏板５の通気窓５２の位置と一致して連通するため、一連の通気窓は開いた状態（ただし、網体４４により蜜蜂の出入りは阻止される）で維持される。また、開閉部３の巣門開口３４４は巣門２３の位置からずれているため、巣門２３は凸部３４３によって閉塞した状態となっている。 The function of the open / close structure of the honeycomb gate and vent window of the honeycomb box of the present embodiment is as follows. By reciprocating the knob portion 35 of the slide member 34 within the arc-shaped opening 24, the slide member 34 can be reciprocated (rotated) within a certain range around the shaft stop portion 37. In the state of FIG. 6A, the knob portion 35 is locked in the locking groove 25. In this state, the ventilation opening 32 of the slide member 34 is connected to the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2. In order to communicate with the position of the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5, the series of ventilation windows are maintained in an open state (however, bees are prevented from entering and exiting by the net 44). Further, since the nest gate opening 344 of the opening / closing portion 3 is displaced from the position of the nest gate 23, the nest gate 23 is in a state of being blocked by the convex portion 343.

図６（ａ）の状態から巣門２３を開いて、一連の通気窓を閉じた状態にするためには、まず、つまみ部３５を開口２４側へ移動させ、そのまま開口２４内を左側へ移動させる。かかるつまみ部３５の動きに伴ってスライド部材３４は軸止部３７を中心に左回転する。そして、つまみ部３５が開口２４の左端に到達した後、係止溝２６内へと移動させて係止溝２６に係止させる。この状態において、スライド部材３４の通気開口３２が、表板２の通気窓２２、裏板５の通気窓５２の間に位置して互い違いになるため、一連の通気窓はスライド部材３４の一部により閉塞された状態となる。一方、巣門開口３４４の位置は巣門２３と一致するため、巣門２３は開いた状態となる。 In order to open the nest 23 from the state of FIG. 6A and close the series of ventilation windows, first, the knob portion 35 is moved to the opening 24 side, and the inside of the opening 24 is moved to the left side as it is. Let As the knob portion 35 moves, the slide member 34 rotates counterclockwise around the shaft stop portion 37. Then, after the knob portion 35 reaches the left end of the opening 24, the knob portion 35 is moved into the locking groove 26 and locked in the locking groove 26. In this state, since the ventilation openings 32 of the slide member 34 are alternately located between the ventilation window 22 of the front plate 2 and the ventilation window 52 of the back plate 5, the series of ventilation windows are part of the slide member 34. It becomes the state obstructed by. On the other hand, since the position of the nest gate opening 344 coincides with the nest gate 23, the nest gate 23 is in an open state.

本発明の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造を構成する表板２、開閉部３、網窓板４、裏板５の材質としては、軽量で保温性を有する材質、例えば、ダンボール、厚紙、ハードボード、パーティクルボード等や、発泡スチロール等の合成樹脂で形成することが好ましい。このうち、経済性の面からはダンボールまたは発泡スチロールで形成することが特に好ましい。 The material of the front plate 2, the open / close portion 3, the net window plate 4 and the back plate 5 constituting the open / close structure of the honeycomb window of the present invention is a lightweight and heat-insulating material such as cardboard, It is preferably formed of a synthetic resin such as cardboard, hard board, particle board, or polystyrene foam. Among these, from the economical aspect, it is particularly preferable to form with corrugated cardboard or polystyrene foam.

１ … … 巣箱側板
２ … … 表板
３ … … 開閉部
４ … … 網窓板
５ … … 裏板
２１ … … 本体
２２ … … 通気窓
２３ … … 巣門
２４ … … 開口
２５ … … 係止溝
２６ … … 係止溝
２７ … … 軸止部
３１ … … 枠部材
３２ … … 通気開口
３３ … … 開口
３４ … … スライド部材
３５ … … つまみ部
３６ … … 溝部
４１ … … 本体
４２ … … 網窓
４３ … … 巣門
４４ … … 網体
５１ … … 本体
５２ … … 通気窓
５３ … … 巣門
２５１ … … 係止凹部
２６１ … … 係止凹部
３３１ … … 凹部
３４１ … … 凸部
３４２ … … 凸部
３４３ … … 凸部
３４４ … … 巣門開口
Ｈ１ … … 通気窓・通気開口の間隔
Ｈ２ … … 通気窓・通気開口の開口寸法
Ｘ … … スライド部材の移動距離 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ...... Birdhouse side plate 2 ...... Front plate 3 ...... Opening / closing part 4 ...... Net window plate 5 ...... Back plate 21 ...... Main body 22 ...... Ventilation window
23 ... ... Nest gate 24 ... ... Opening 25 ... ... Locking groove 26 ... ... Locking groove 27 ... ... Shaft stop 31 ... ... Frame member 32 ... ... Ventilation opening 33 ... ... Opening 34 ... ... Slide member
35…… Knob 36…… Groove
41 ... ... Main body 42 ... ... Net window 43 ... ... Nest gate 44 ... ... Net body 51 ... ... Main body 52 ... ... Ventilation window 53 ... ... Nest gate 251 ... ... Locking recess 261 ... ... Locking recess 331 ... ... Recess 341 ... ... Convex part 342 ... ... Convex part 343 ... ... Convex part 344 ... ... Nest opening
H1…… Interval between ventilation window and ventilation opening H2…… Opening size of ventilation window and ventilation opening X…… Movement distance of slide member

Claims

蜜蜂巣箱の側板に設けられる通気窓および巣門の開閉構造であって、複数の通気窓と１つの巣門をそれぞれ同じ位置に設けた表板および裏板と、該表板と裏板との間に挟まれて一定方向に往復移動可能に設けられたスライド部材と、前記通気窓の開口を通気可能に封止する網体とを備え、前記スライド部材はスライド部材が所定の位置にあるときに表板および裏板の通気窓と対応する位置に通気開口を備え、表板および裏板の通気窓とスライド部材の通気開口はともにスライド部材の移動方向に沿って複数形成され、スライド部材を移動して通気窓と通気開口の位置が一致して連通したときに通気窓が開くとともに、スライド部材を移動して通気窓と通気開口の位置が互い違いになったときに通気窓が閉じ、さらに、通気窓を開く位置にスライド部材を移動したときにスライド部材の一部が巣門を塞ぎ、通気窓を閉じる位置にスライド部材を移動したときに巣門が開く蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 A vent window and nest gate opening / closing structure provided on a side plate of a honeycomb box, comprising a plurality of vent windows and one nest gate at the same position, and a front plate and a back plate, When the slide member is in a predetermined position, the slide member is provided so as to be reciprocally movable in a certain direction between the slide member and a mesh body that seals the opening of the ventilation window so as to allow ventilation. The front plate and the back plate have ventilation openings at positions corresponding to the ventilation holes of the front plate and the back plate, and a plurality of ventilation openings of the front plate and the back plate and the ventilation openings of the slide member are formed along the moving direction of the slide member. The ventilation window opens when the position of the ventilation window and the ventilation opening matches and communicates with each other and the ventilation window opens.When the slide member is moved and the positions of the ventilation window and the ventilation opening are alternated, the ventilation window is closed. Open the ventilation window Some of the slide member when moving the de member blocks the nest Gate, closing the structure of the ventilation windows and SMON of bee hives SMON opens when moving the slide member in a position closing the vent window.

前記表板と前記裏板との間には開閉部が設けられ、該開閉部は、スライド部材の外寸よりもスライド部材の移動方向に長い内寸の開口を備えた枠材と、該枠材の開口内において往復移動可能に設けられたスライド部材とからなることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 An opening / closing portion is provided between the front plate and the back plate, and the opening / closing portion includes a frame member having an inner size opening longer in the moving direction of the slide member than the outer size of the slide member, and the frame The opening / closing structure of the honeycomb window vent window and the nest gate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a sliding member provided so as to be reciprocally movable in the opening of the material.

前記スライド部材は、その移動方向における外寸が前記表板および裏板の外寸よりも短く形成されているとともに、移動方向に対して垂直方向の外寸が表板および裏板と略同一に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 The slide member is formed such that the outer dimension in the moving direction is shorter than the outer dimension of the front plate and the back plate, and the outer dimension in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction is substantially the same as the front plate and the back plate. 2. The honeycomb window vent window and nest gate opening / closing structure according to claim 1, wherein the honeycomb window is formed.

前記枠材の開口の下端には、前記巣門に対応する位置に巣門の開口寸法より大きい凹み寸法の凹部が設けられ、前記スライド部材の下端からは凸部が突出形成され、スライド部材が最下位に位置するときに該凸部が前記凹部に嵌め込まれることを特徴とする請求項２または３に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 At the lower end of the opening of the frame member, a recess having a recess size larger than the opening size of the nest is provided at a position corresponding to the nest gate, and a projecting portion is formed to project from the lower end of the slide member. The opening / closing structure of the ventilation window and the nest gate of the honeycomb box according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the convex portion is fitted into the concave portion when positioned at the lowest position.

前記スライド部材は表板に一定の範囲で回転可能に軸支されていることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 The opening / closing structure of a honeycomb window according to claim 1, wherein the slide member is pivotally supported on the front plate so as to be rotatable within a certain range.

前記スライド部材にはつまみ部が表板側へ突出するように設けられており、表板には該つまみ部を挿入するための開口がスライド部材の移動方向に平行して延伸するように形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１ないし５のいずれか１項に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 The slide member is provided with a knob portion protruding toward the front plate side, and an opening for inserting the knob portion is formed on the front plate so as to extend in parallel with the moving direction of the slide member. 6. The honeycomb window vent window and nest gate opening / closing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

前記つまみ部を挿入するための開口の端部からは、つまみ部を係止するための係止溝がつまみ部を挿入するための開口の延伸方向と直交する方向に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項６に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 From the end of the opening for inserting the knob portion, a locking groove for locking the knob portion is formed in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the opening for inserting the knob portion. The opening / closing structure of the ventilation window and the nest gate of the honeycomb box according to claim 6.

前記通気窓および前記通気開口を形成する辺部であって、スライド部材の移動方向で対向する辺部において、通気窓および通気開口の中央側が膨出するように傾斜した直線状もしくは曲線状に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項１ないし７のいずれか１項に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。 A side part that forms the ventilation window and the ventilation opening, and is formed in a linear or curved shape that is inclined so that a central side of the ventilation window and the ventilation opening bulges at a side part that faces in the moving direction of the slide member. 8. The honeycomb window vent window and nest gate opening / closing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

前記係止溝の先端側には、前記つまみ部を収納可能な係止凹部が切り欠き形成されていることを特徴とする請求項７に記載の蜜蜂巣箱の通気窓および巣門の開閉構造。
The opening and closing structure of the honeycomb window according to claim 7, wherein a locking concave portion capable of accommodating the knob portion is cut out at a distal end side of the locking groove.