JP2017127170A - Three-phase synchronous machine driving generator - Google Patents
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本発明は、バッテリ電気自動車、燃料電池電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車の主駆動三相同期機（三相永久磁石形同期機、三相界磁巻線形同期機、三相同期リラクタンス機など）に好適な三相同期機駆動発電装置に関する。The present invention is suitable for main drive three-phase synchronous machines (three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines, three-phase field winding synchronous machines, three-phase synchronous reluctance machines, etc.) for battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. The present invention relates to a three-phase synchronous machine drive generator.
同期機（永久磁石形同期機、界磁巻線形同期機、同期リラクタンス機など）は、力行モードでは、電気エネルギーを機械エネルギーに変換するいわゆる電動機状態となる。これに対して、回生モードでは、機械エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換するいわゆる発電機状態となる。当業者には、周知のように、同期機などの電気機器は、主として力行モードで使用される場合には、電動機あるいはモータと呼ばれ、主として回生モードで使用される場合には、発電機と呼ばれる。力行と回生の運転モードの相違を除けば、電動機も発電機も、基本的には同一である。本発明は、同期電動機と同期発電機を総じて同期機と称している。なお、説明の簡明性を確保すべく、本明細書における技術説明は、力行モードを想定して行なう。これにより、本発明の一般性を失うことなない。A synchronous machine (permanent magnet type synchronous machine, field winding type synchronous machine, synchronous reluctance machine, etc.) is in a so-called electric motor state in which electric energy is converted into mechanical energy in the power running mode. On the other hand, in the regeneration mode, a so-called generator state in which mechanical energy is converted into electric energy is obtained. As is well known to those skilled in the art, an electrical device such as a synchronous machine is referred to as an electric motor or a motor when mainly used in a power running mode, and a generator when mainly used in a regenerative mode. be called. The motor and generator are basically the same except for the difference in operation mode between power running and regeneration. In the present invention, a synchronous motor and a synchronous generator are collectively referred to as a synchronous machine. In addition, in order to ensure the simplicity of description, the technical description in this specification is performed assuming a powering mode. Thus, the generality of the present invention is not lost.
本発明では、三相を構成する各相をｕ相、ｖ相、ｗ相と呼称し、三相電流の各相における相電流をｕ相電流、ｖ相電流、ｗ相電流と呼称する。また、ｕ相電流に対してｖ相電流が位相遅れ、ｖ相電流に対してｗ相電流が位相遅れとする「相順」の三相電流を正相三相電流と定義する。正相三相電流の相電流を、「相順」に従って、各々流す相巻線を、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線と定義する。この相巻線定義に従えば、正相三相電流のｕ相電流、ｖ相電流、ｗ相電流を流す相巻線を、各々、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線と呼称することも、あるいは各々、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線、ｕ相巻線と呼称することもできる。いずれの相巻線の呼称においても、巻線に流れる電流の「相順」は変わりない。In the present invention, the phases constituting the three phases are referred to as u-phase, v-phase, and w-phase, and the phase currents in each phase of the three-phase current are referred to as u-phase current, v-phase current, and w-phase current. Further, a “phase sequence” three-phase current in which the v-phase current is delayed in phase with respect to the u-phase current and the w-phase current is delayed in phase with respect to the v-phase current is defined as a positive-phase three-phase current. Phase windings of the positive-phase three-phase currents according to the “phase sequence” are defined as u-phase winding, v-phase winding, and w-phase winding, respectively. According to this phase winding definition, the phase windings for passing the u-phase current, the v-phase current, and the w-phase current of the positive-phase three-phase current are respectively represented as u-phase winding, v-phase winding, and w-phase winding. They can also be referred to as “v-phase winding”, “w-phase winding” and “u-phase winding”, respectively. The name of any phase winding does not change the “phase sequence” of the current flowing through the winding.
本発明では、同期機の「固定子」を「電機子」と同義で使用する。固定子に施される三相巻線には、Ｙ形とΔ形が存在する。当業者には周知のように、三相端子から評価した場合、Ｙ形巻線による特性とΔ形巻線による特性は互いに等価変換される。説明の簡明性を確保すべく、本明細書における技術説明は、Ｙ形結線を想定して行なう。等価変換の存在より明白なように、これにより、本発明の一般性を失うことなない。In the present invention, the “stator” of the synchronous machine is used synonymously with “armature”. There are Y-type and Δ-type in the three-phase winding applied to the stator. As is well known to those skilled in the art, when evaluated from a three-phase terminal, the characteristics of the Y-shaped winding and the characteristics of the Δ-shaped winding are equivalently converted to each other. In order to ensure the simplicity of the explanation, the technical explanation in this specification is made assuming a Y-shaped connection. This does not lose the generality of the present invention, as is evident from the existence of equivalent transformations.
本発明では、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線をＹ形あるいはこれと特性等価なΔ形で結線した三相巻線の１組を１巻線組と呼称する。「巻線組」は、広義の「巻線」に属するが、本発明では、複数の独立した巻線組を使用するため、独立性を明示すべく、「巻線組」なる新たな用語を使用する。また、複数の「巻線組」の総称として、狭義の「巻線」なる用語を使用する。In the present invention, one set of three-phase windings in which u-phase windings, v-phase windings, and w-phase windings are connected in a Y-shape or a Δ-shape equivalent to this is called a one-winding set. The “winding group” belongs to the “winding group” in a broad sense. However, in the present invention, since a plurality of independent winding groups are used, a new term “winding group” is used to clarify the independence. use. Further, the term “winding” in a narrow sense is used as a general term for a plurality of “winding groups”.
本発明では、２次元平面を極座標的に捉え、角度、空間的位置、空間的位相の３用語を同義で使用する。これらの単位は「度（ｄｅｇｒｅｅ）」または「ラジアン（ｒａｄ）」である。本発明における角度、空間的位置、空間的位相の正方向は、左周り（反時計周り）、右周り（時計周り）のいずれに定義してもよい。ただし、本明細書では、角度、空間的位置、空間的位相の正方向は左周り（反時計周り）と定義し、本発明を説明する。これにより、本発明の一般性を失うことはない。In the present invention, a two-dimensional plane is taken as a polar coordinate, and three terms of angle, spatial position, and spatial phase are used synonymously. These units are “degree” or “rad”. In the present invention, the positive direction of the angle, the spatial position, and the spatial phase may be defined as left-handed (counterclockwise) or right-handed (clockwise). However, in the present specification, the positive direction of the angle, spatial position, and spatial phase is defined as counterclockwise (counterclockwise), and the present invention will be described. Thus, the generality of the present invention is not lost.
回転子に永久磁石あるいは界磁巻線をもたせた同期機のための駆動発電装置として、従来、固定子に２個の独立した三相巻線組を持たせ、各巻線組に独立に電力変換器を接続したものが知られている。この種の先行発明としては、特許文献１〜３がある。なお、特許文献４〜５には、基本的に誘導機のための駆動発電装置として、固定子に２個の独立した三相巻線組を持たせ、各巻線組に独立に電力変換器を接続したものが報告されている。本発明は、交流機として同期機のみを対象とするものであり、本発明と関係の深い先行発明は、特許文献１〜３である。Conventionally, as a drive generator for a synchronous machine with a permanent magnet or field winding on the rotor, the stator has two independent three-phase winding sets, and each winding set converts power independently. What connected the vessel is known. As this type of prior invention, there are Patent Documents 1 to 3. In Patent Documents 4 to 5, basically, as a drive power generator for an induction machine, a stator is provided with two independent three-phase winding sets, and a power converter is provided independently for each winding set. A connection has been reported. The present invention targets only a synchronous machine as an AC machine, and the prior inventions closely related to the present invention are Patent Documents 1 to 3.
特許文献１〜３を参考に、従前の同期機のための駆動発電装置の概要を、永久磁石形三相同期機を例にとり、図２に示した。１は同期機（回転子、固定子を含む）を、１−１は同期機の回転子を、１−２１は同期機固定子の第１巻線組を、１−２２は同期機固定子の第２巻線組を、２は電力変換部を、２−２１は第１系統用電力変換器を、２−２２は第２系統用電力変換器を、それぞれ示している。同図では、固定子の第１巻線組と第２巻線組との区別の明瞭化を図るべく、第１巻線組は太線で、第２巻線組は細線で表示している。With reference to Patent Documents 1 to 3, an outline of a conventional driving power generator for a synchronous machine is shown in FIG. 2, taking a permanent magnet type three-phase synchronous machine as an example. Reference numeral 1 denotes a synchronous machine (including a rotor and a stator), 1-1 a synchronous machine rotor, 1-21 a first winding set of the synchronous machine stator, and 1-22 a synchronous machine stator. , 2 denotes a power converter, 2-21 denotes a first system power converter, and 2-22 denotes a second system power converter. In the figure, in order to clarify the distinction between the first winding group and the second winding group of the stator, the first winding group is indicated by a thick line, and the second winding group is indicated by a thin line.
同図は、当該装置の一般性を失うことなく、以下を前提に作図している。
▲１▼ 同期機を正回転・力行駆動するための正相三相電流は、電力変換部２の２個の端子組「ｕ１、ｖ１、ｗ１」、「ｕ２、ｖ２、ｗ２」から順次出力されるものとしている。
▲２▼ 同期機固定子の第１巻線組１−２１を構成するｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線の端子をｕ１、ｖ１、ｗ１としている。同様に、第２巻線組１−２２を構成するｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線の端子をｕ２、ｖ２、ｗ２としている。
▲３▼ 同期機の回転子の正回転の方向を、左回転（反時計方向）としている。
▲４▼ 三相結線におけるＹ結線とΔ結線の間には等価関係が存在することを考慮し、同図ではこの代表としてＹ結線を用いている。The figure is drawn on the premise of the following without losing the generality of the apparatus.
(1) The positive-phase three-phase current for driving the synchronous machine in the normal rotation and power running is sequentially output from the two terminal sets “u1, v1, w1”, “u2, v2, w2” of the
(2) The terminals of the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding constituting the first winding set 1-21 of the synchronous machine stator are u1, v1, and w1. Similarly, u2, v2, and w2 are terminals of the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding constituting the second winding set 1-22.
(3) The direction of forward rotation of the rotor of the synchronous machine is left rotation (counterclockwise).
(4) Considering that an equivalent relationship exists between the Y connection and the Δ connection in the three-phase connection, the Y connection is used as a representative in this figure.
従前の三相同期機のための駆動発電装置の特徴は、図２より明白なように、以下のように整理される。
▲１▼ 回転子に関し、その極対数は１（すなわち、Ｎ極とＳ極が各々１つの計２極）としている。
▲２▼ 第１巻線組１−２１と第２巻線組１−２２とは、互いに独立している。
▲３▼ 第１巻線組、第２巻線組のいずれにおいても、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線を、「１極対数を基準とした空間において１２０度空間的位相進みの位置」に順次配置している。
▲４▼ 第１巻線組と第２巻線組の空間的位相差θ１２は、１極対数を基準とした空間において３０度（特許文献１〜２）、あるいは６０度（特許文献１〜２）、あるいは２４度（特許文献３）である。
▲５▼ 第１巻線組と第２巻線組の空間的位相差θ１２に対応した形で、第１巻線組と第２巻線組に印加する三相電流に時間的位相差を付与すべく、電力変換器のスイッチングを行う必要がある（特許文献１〜２）。The characteristics of the conventional driving power generator for the three-phase synchronous machine are summarized as follows, as is clear from FIG.
{Circle around (1)} Regarding the rotor, the number of pole pairs is 1 (that is, each of the N pole and the S pole is 2 poles in total).
(2) The first winding set 1-21 and the second winding set 1-22 are independent of each other.
(3) In both the first winding group and the second winding group, the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding are set to “120 degree spatial phase in the space based on the number of pole pairs. Sequentially arranged at the “advance position”.
(4) The spatial phase difference θ12 between the first winding group and the second winding group is 30 degrees (Patent Documents 1 and 2) or 60 degrees (Patent Documents 1 and 2) in a space based on the number of pole pairs. ) Or 24 degrees (Patent Document 3).
(5) A temporal phase difference is given to the three-phase current applied to the first winding group and the second winding group in a form corresponding to the spatial phase difference θ12 between the first winding group and the second winding group. Therefore, it is necessary to switch the power converter (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
なお、上記▲５▼に示したスイッチング条件下では、空間的位相差θ１２を６０度（特許文献１〜２）に選定する場合には、本同期機は、厳密には、もはや三相同期機ではなく、実質的に六相同期機となる。本同期機が六相同期機になる場合にも、本同期機の極対数が１（すなわち、Ｎ極とＳ極が各々１つの計２極）であることは変わりない。Note that, when the spatial phase difference θ12 is selected to be 60 degrees (Patent Documents 1 and 2) under the switching conditions indicated in (5) above, this synchronous machine is no longer strictly a three-phase synchronous machine. Instead, it becomes a six-phase synchronous machine. Even when the synchronous machine is a six-phase synchronous machine, the number of pole pairs of the synchronous machine is 1 (that is, each of the N pole and the S pole is one total of 2 poles).
上記先行発明が期待した代表的効果は、次の２点である。
▲１▼ 第１巻線組と第２巻線組のいずれか１つの巻線組が異常を起こした場合にも、正常の巻線組を利用して同期機の運転が可能である。すなわち、異常に対する装置としてのロバスト性（頑健性）を向上できる。
▲２▼ 発生トルクのリプルを低減できる。ひいてはトルクリプルに起因する騒音を低減できる。The following two points are typical effects expected by the prior invention.
(1) Even when any one of the first winding group and the second winding group is abnormal, the synchronous machine can be operated using the normal winding group. That is, robustness (robustness) as a device against an abnormality can be improved.
(2) Ripple of generated torque can be reduced. As a result, noise caused by torque ripple can be reduced.
しかしながら、図２により容易に理解されるように、第１巻線組と第２巻線組との空間的対称性が必ずしも良くなく、固定子に巻線を施す場合、特別の工夫・細工が必要とされた。また、巻線組の空間的非対称性より、新たなトルクリプルを起すこともあった。ひいては新たな騒音を引起すこともあった。更には、電力変換器のスイッチング信号を、第１巻線組と第２巻線組との空間的位相差を考慮して、おのおの個別に生成する必要があった。However, as can be easily understood from FIG. 2, the spatial symmetry between the first winding group and the second winding group is not necessarily good. Was needed. In addition, a new torque ripple may occur due to the spatial asymmetry of the winding set. As a result, it sometimes caused new noise. Furthermore, it is necessary to individually generate the switching signal of the power converter in consideration of the spatial phase difference between the first winding group and the second winding group.
本発明は上記背景の下になされたものであり、その目的は、従前装置による主要効果（駆動発電装置としてのロバスト性（頑健性）の向上、トルクリプルの低減）を維持しつつ、従前装置が問題とした第１巻線組と第２巻線組との空間的非対称性の排除が可能で、ひいては固定子に巻線を施す場合に特別の工夫・細工を必要としない、さらには巻線組の空間的非対称性に起因したトルクリプルを低減でき、騒音を一段と低減でき、加えて、電力変換器のスイッチング信号の発生が容易な三相同期機駆動発電装置を提供することにある。The present invention has been made under the above-mentioned background, and the purpose of the present invention is to maintain the main effects (improvement of robustness (robustness) as a drive power generator, reduction of torque ripple) by the conventional device, It is possible to eliminate the spatial asymmetry between the first winding group and the second winding group in question, so that no special contrivance and work are required when winding the stator. An object of the present invention is to provide a three-phase synchronous machine drive power generator capable of reducing torque ripple due to the spatial asymmetry of the set, further reducing noise, and easily generating a switching signal of a power converter.
上記目的を達成するために、請求項１の発明は、回転子と三相巻線を有する固定子とから構成される三相同期機と、三相同期機と三相電流を送受する電力変換手段とからなる同期機駆動発電装置であって、Ｎｐを正の偶数とし、ｕ相電流に対してｖ相電流が位相遅れ、ｖ相電流に対してｗ相電流が位相遅れとする相順の三相電流を正相三相電流と定義し、正相三相電流の相電流を相順に従って各々流す相巻線を、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線とし、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線をＹ形あるいはこれと特性等価なΔ形で結線した三相巻線の１組を１巻線組とするとき、該三相同期機の回転子を、極対数Ｎｐの回転子とし、互いに独立した第１巻線組、第２巻線組を、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線の空間的位相が２極対数を基準とした空間において順次１２０度空間的位相遅れとなるように、かつ第１巻線組と第２巻線組との空間的位相差が２極対数を基準とした空間において±１８０度となるように構成し、該三相同期機の固定子を、上記構成した第１巻線組と第２巻線組とを備えた固定子とし、該電力変換手段を、上記固定子に備えられた第１巻線組と第２巻線組とに対して、完全独立的に三相電流を送受できるように構成したことを特徴とする。In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention is a three-phase synchronous machine including a rotor and a stator having a three-phase winding, and a power conversion for transmitting and receiving a three-phase current to and from the three-phase synchronous machine. A synchronous machine drive power generation device comprising: a phase sequence in which Np is a positive even number, a v-phase current is delayed in phase with respect to a u-phase current, and a w-phase current is delayed in phase with respect to a v-phase current. A three-phase current is defined as a positive-phase three-phase current, and a phase winding in which the phase current of the positive-phase three-phase current flows according to the phase sequence is defined as a u-phase winding, a v-phase winding, and a w-phase winding. When one set of three-phase windings in which windings, v-phase windings, and w-phase windings are connected in a Y-shape or a Δ-type equivalent to this is defined as one winding set, the rotor of the three-phase synchronous machine Is a rotor with the number of pole pairs Np, and the first and second winding sets independent of each other are used as the spatial phase of the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding based on the number of pole pairs. Space And the spatial phase difference between the first winding group and the second winding group is ± 180 degrees in a space based on the number of pairs of poles. The stator of the three-phase synchronous machine is a stator including the first winding set and the second winding set configured as described above, and the power conversion means is a first winding provided in the stator. The present invention is characterized in that a three-phase current can be transmitted and received completely independently of the wire set and the second winding set.
請求項２の発明は、請求項１記載の同期機駆動発電装置であって、該三相同期機を、回転子に永久磁石を備えた永久磁石形三相同期機としたことを特徴とする。The invention according to
請求項３の発明は、請求項１記載の該同期機駆動発電装置において、第１巻線組と電力変換手段とで構成される三相電流送受系統を第１系統とし、第２巻線組と電力変換手段とで構成される三相電流送受系統を第２系統とし、また第１系統のｕ相、ｖ相、ｗ相電流と第２系統のｕ相、ｖ相、ｗ相電流とが、相電流ごとに同相であることを「同相の三相電流」と定義するとき、第１、第２の２系統が共に正常の場合には、２系統で基本的に同相の三相電流を各々送受できるように、２系統の１個が異常で他が正常の場合には、異常な系統は三相電流遮断し、正常な系統のみを利用して三相電流を送受するように、該電力変換手段を構成したことを特徴とする。According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the synchronous machine drive power generator according to the first aspect, a three-phase current transmission / reception system including the first winding set and the power conversion means is a first system, and the second winding set is The second phase is a three-phase current transmission / reception system constituted by power conversion means and the u-phase, v-phase, and w-phase currents of the first system and the u-phase, v-phase, and w-phase currents of the second system. When defining the in-phase for each phase current as “in-phase three-phase current”, if both the first and second systems are normal, the three-phase current in the same phase is basically When one of the two systems is abnormal and the other is normal so that each can be transmitted and received, the abnormal system blocks the three-phase current, and uses only the normal system to transmit and receive the three-phase current. The power conversion means is configured.
本発明の効果を説明する。まず請求項１の発明の効果を説明する。図１は、請求項１の発明に基づく代表的な実施形態例である。ただし、三相同期機として、回転子に永久磁石を備えた永久磁石形三相同期機を対象とした例としている。本図より、以下の効果が明白である。The effect of the present invention will be described. First, the effect of the invention of claim 1 will be described. FIG. 1 shows a typical embodiment based on the invention of claim 1. However, as an example of a three-phase synchronous machine, a permanent magnet type three-phase synchronous machine having a permanent magnet on a rotor is used. From this figure, the following effects are clear.
▲１▼ 同期機の固定子は、独立した第１巻線組と第２巻線組を備えている。また、固定子に備えられた第１巻線組と第２巻線組とに対して、完全独立的に三相電流を送受できるように電力変換手段が構成されている。これにより、請求項１の発明によれば、第１巻線組からなる第１系統、第２巻線組からなる第２系統のいずれかが異常の場合にも、正常の系統を利用して同期機を運転することができると言う効果が得られる。すなわち、装置としてのロバスト性を確保できると言う効果が得られる。 (1) The stator of the synchronous machine includes an independent first winding set and second winding set. Further, the power conversion means is configured so that the three-phase current can be transmitted and received completely and independently to the first winding group and the second winding group provided in the stator. Thus, according to the first aspect of the present invention, even when either the first system consisting of the first winding set or the second system consisting of the second winding set is abnormal, the normal system is used. The effect that the synchronous machine can be operated is obtained. That is, the effect that the robustness as the apparatus can be secured is obtained.
▲２▼ 交流機は、概して、極対数の増加に応じてトルクリプルが低減されると言う特性をもつ。従前の技術を説明した図２と本発明を説明した図１との比較より明白なように、従前と本発明における巻線組が同一の場合（空間配置を除く）、本発明の同期機の極対数は、従前の同期機の極対数の２倍となる。ひいては、請求項１の発明によれば、トルクリプルを低減できると言う効果が得られる。 (2) Alternating machines generally have a characteristic that torque ripple is reduced as the number of pole pairs increases. As is clear from a comparison between FIG. 2 describing the prior art and FIG. 1 illustrating the present invention, when the winding sets in the conventional and the present invention are the same (except for the spatial arrangement), the synchronous machine of the present invention The number of pole pairs is twice the number of pole pairs of the conventional synchronous machine. As a result, according to the first aspect of the invention, an effect that torque ripple can be reduced is obtained.
▲３▼ 図１より明白なように、２個の巻線組を構成する相巻線の空間的配置は、高い対称性を有する。この結果、請求項１の発明によれば、固定子への巻線施工が簡単になると言う効果が得られる。 (3) As is clear from FIG. 1, the spatial arrangement of the phase windings constituting the two winding sets has high symmetry. As a result, according to the first aspect of the invention, an effect is obtained that the winding work on the stator is simplified.
▲４▼ 相巻線の空間対称性により、非対称性に起因するトルクリプルを低減できると言う効果も得られる。ひいては、請求項１の発明によれば、トルクリプルに起因する騒音を低減できると言う効果も得られる。 (4) The effect of reducing torque ripple due to asymmetry can be obtained due to the spatial symmetry of the phase winding. As a result, according to the invention of claim 1, the effect that noise caused by torque ripple can be reduced is also obtained.
▲５▼ ２個の巻線組の高い対称性に起因して、第１巻線組からなる第１系統と、第２巻線組からなる第２系統とは、互いに同相の電流を送受することになる。これは、基本的に、第１系統のための電力変換器のスイッチング信号と第２系統のための電力変換器のためのスイッチング信号は同一でよいことを意味する。ひいては、請求項１の発明によれば、電力変換器のスイッチング信号の発生が半減されるあるいは容易になると言う効果が得られる。 (5) Due to the high symmetry of the two winding sets, the first system consisting of the first winding set and the second system consisting of the second winding set send and receive in-phase currents to each other. It will be. This basically means that the switching signal for the power converter for the first system and the switching signal for the power converter for the second system may be the same. As a result, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the effect that the generation of the switching signal of the power converter is halved or facilitated can be obtained.
つづいて、請求項２の発明の効果を説明する。各種電気自動車において最も多用されている三相同期機は、永久磁石形三相同期機である。ひいては、請求項２の発明によれば、請求項１の発明の効果を、応用面において最も高めることができると言う効果が得られる。Next, the effect of the invention of
つづいて、請求項３の発明の効果を説明する。請求項３の発明によれば、第１系統と第２系統が共に正常の場合には、同期機駆動発電装置は、三相同期機に対し、これが元来有している最大を能力を発揮させることができる。また、第１系統、第２系統のいずれかが異常の場合には、三相同期機の発揮能力は元来の半分となるが、能力発揮を継続することができる。すなわち、請求項３の発明によれば、請求項１の重要効果の１つであるロバスト性を最大限高めることができると言う効果が得られる。Next, the effect of the invention of claim 3 will be described. According to the invention of claim 3, when both the first system and the second system are normal, the synchronous machine drive power generation device demonstrates the maximum capability inherently to the three-phase synchronous machine. Can be made. When either the first system or the second system is abnormal, the ability of the three-phase synchronous machine is half the original ability, but the ability can be continued. That is, according to the invention of claim 3, the effect that the robustness which is one of the important effects of claim 1 can be maximized can be obtained.
以下、図面を用いて、本発明の好適な態様を具体的に説明する。Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
三相同期機として、回転子に永久磁石を備えた永久磁石形三相同期機を対象とした実施形態例を図１に示した。１は三相同期機（回転子、固定子を含む）を、１−１は同期機の回転子を、１−２１は同期機固定子の第１巻線組を、１−２２は同期機固定子の第２巻線組を、２は電力変換手段を実現した電力変換部を、２−１は電力変換部統合制御器を、２−２１は第１系統用電力変換器を、２−２２は第２系統用電力変換器を、２−３１は第１系統用遮断器を、２−３２は第２系統用遮断機を、それぞれ示している。同図では、固定子の第１巻線組１−２１と第２巻線組１−２２との区別の明瞭化を図るべく、第１巻線組は太線で、第２巻線組は細線で表示している。As an example of a three-phase synchronous machine, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which a permanent magnet type three-phase synchronous machine having a permanent magnet on a rotor is an object. 1 is a three-phase synchronous machine (including a rotor and a stator), 1-1 is a synchronous machine rotor, 1-21 is a first winding set of the synchronous machine stator, and 1-22 is a synchronous machine. The second winding set of the stator, 2 is a power conversion unit realizing power conversion means, 2-1 is a power conversion unit integrated controller, 2-21 is a power converter for the first system, 2- Reference numeral 22 denotes a second system power converter, 2-31 denotes a first system circuit breaker, and 2-32 denotes a second system circuit breaker. In the figure, in order to clarify the distinction between the first winding set 1-21 and the second winding set 1-22 of the stator, the first winding set is a thick line, and the second winding set is a thin line. Is displayed.
同図は、当該装置の一般性を失うことなく、以下を前提に作図している。
▲１▼ 三相同期機を正回転・力行駆動するための正相三相電流は、電力変換部２の２個の端子組「ｕ１、ｖ１、ｗ１」、「ｕ２、ｖ２、ｗ２」から順次出力されるものとしている。
▲２▼ 三相同期機固定子の第１巻線組１−２１を構成するｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線の端子をｕ１、ｖ１、ｗ１としている。同様に、第２巻線組１−２２を構成するｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線の端子をｕ２、ｖ２、ｗ２としている。
▲３▼ 三相同期機の回転子の正回転の方向を、左回転（反時計方向）としている。
▲４▼ 三相結線におけるＹ結線とΔ結線の間には等価関係が存在することを考慮し、同図ではこの代表としてＹ結線を用いている。The figure is drawn on the premise of the following without losing the generality of the apparatus.
(1) The positive-phase three-phase current for driving the three-phase synchronous machine in the normal rotation and power running is sequentially from the two terminal sets “u1, v1, w1”, “u2, v2, w2” of the
(2) The terminals of the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding constituting the first winding set 1-21 of the three-phase synchronous machine stator are u1, v1, and w1. Similarly, u2, v2, and w2 are terminals of the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding constituting the second winding set 1-22.
(3) The forward rotation direction of the rotor of the three-phase synchronous machine is counterclockwise (counterclockwise).
(4) Considering that an equivalent relationship exists between the Y connection and the Δ connection in the three-phase connection, the Y connection is used as a representative in this figure.
請求項１〜３に基づく本発明の説明のための上記の前提は、従前技術を解説した図２に適用した前提と同一である。The above-mentioned premise for explaining the present invention based on claims 1 to 3 is the same as the premise applied to FIG. 2 describing the prior art.
請求項１〜３の発明に基づく図１の実施例は、三相同期機に関し、以下の特徴を有する。
▲１▼ 回転子に関し、その極対数Ｎｐは偶数である（本例ではＮｐ＝２、すなわちＮ極とＳ極が各々２つの計４極）
▲２▼ 第１巻線組１−２１と第２巻線組１−２２とは、互いに独立している。
▲３▼ ｕ１、ｖ１、ｗ１端子に対応した３つの相巻線からなる第１巻線組、ｕ２、ｖ２、ｗ２端子に対応した３つの相巻線からなる第２巻線組のいずれにおいても、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線を、「２極対数を基準とした空間において、順次１２０度空間的位相遅れ」となるように順次配置している。
▲４▼ 第１巻線組と第２巻線組の空間的位相差は、２極対数を基準とした空間において±１８０度である。The embodiment of FIG. 1 based on the inventions of claims 1 to 3 relates to a three-phase synchronous machine and has the following features.
(1) Regarding the rotor, the number of pole pairs Np is an even number (in this example, Np = 2, that is, N pole and S pole each have two totals of 4 poles)
(2) The first winding set 1-21 and the second winding set 1-22 are independent of each other.
(3) In both the first winding set consisting of three phase windings corresponding to the u1, v1, and w1 terminals and the second winding set consisting of three phase windings corresponding to the u2, v2, and w2 terminals. The u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding are sequentially arranged so as to be “120 degree spatial phase delay sequentially in a space based on the number of pairs of two poles”.
(4) The spatial phase difference between the first winding group and the second winding group is ± 180 degrees in a space based on the number of pairs of two poles.
図２に示した従前の同期機駆動発電装置における同期機と、図１に示した本発明による三相同期機駆動発電装置における三相同期機の相違は、上記の▲１▼、▲３▼、▲４▼項にある。従前の同期機において、第１巻線組と第２巻線組の空間的位相差θ１２を６０度に選定する場合には、図２の従前同期機と図１の本発明の三相同期機との間は、高い類似性があるような印象を、一見与える。しかし両同期機の間には以下のような明瞭な違いがあるThe difference between the synchronous machine in the conventional synchronous machine drive power generator shown in FIG. 2 and the three phase synchronous machine in the three phase synchronous machine drive power generator according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is the above-mentioned (1), (3). , (4). In the conventional synchronous machine, when the spatial phase difference θ12 between the first winding group and the second winding group is selected to be 60 degrees, the conventional synchronous machine of FIG. 2 and the three-phase synchronous machine of the present invention of FIG. At first glance, it gives the impression that there is a high degree of similarity. However, there are clear differences between the two synchronous machines:
▲１▼ 従前の同期機の極対数は１である（したがって、極数は２）。これに対し、本発明による三相同期機の極対数は従前の２倍、すなわち極対数は２である（したがて、極数は４）。
▲２▼ 従前の同期機は、第１巻線組、第２巻線組のいずれにおいても、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線を、「１極対数を基準とした空間において１２０度空間的位相進みの位置」に順次配置する。これに対し、本発明の同期機は、第１巻線組、第２巻線組のいずれにおいても、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線を、「２極対数を基準とした空間において、順次１２０度空間的位相遅れ」となるように順次配置する。すなわち、本発明の同期機における相巻線の相対位置は、従前の同期機における相巻線の相対位置の真逆である。
▲３▼ 従前の同期機は、第１巻線組と第２巻線組の空間的位相差θ１２を６０度に選定する場合には、六相同期機として動作し、第１、第２巻線組に対応した系統のいずれかを遮断した場合に限り、三相同期機となる。これに対し、本発明による同期機は、第１、第２巻線組に対応した系統が共に正常な場合にも、またいずれかの系統を遮断した場合にも、三相同期機として動作する。すなわち、いかなる運転状態であれ、運転時は常時、三相同期機として動作する。(1) The number of pole pairs of the conventional synchronous machine is 1 (therefore, the number of poles is 2). On the other hand, the number of pole pairs of the three-phase synchronous machine according to the present invention is twice as much as before, that is, the number of pole pairs is 2 (thus, the number of poles is 4).
(2) A conventional synchronous machine has a u-phase winding, a v-phase winding, and a w-phase winding in either of the first winding group and the second winding group. At 120 ° spatial phase advance position ”. On the other hand, in the synchronous machine of the present invention, the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding are set to “the number of pairs of two poles as a reference in both the first winding group and the second winding group. Are sequentially arranged so as to be sequentially “120 degree spatial phase delay”. That is, the relative position of the phase winding in the synchronous machine of the present invention is the exact opposite of the relative position of the phase winding in the conventional synchronous machine.
(3) The conventional synchronous machine operates as a six-phase synchronous machine when the spatial phase difference θ12 between the first winding group and the second winding group is selected to be 60 degrees, and the first and second windings Only when one of the systems corresponding to the wire set is cut off, it becomes a three-phase synchronous machine. On the other hand, the synchronous machine according to the present invention operates as a three-phase synchronous machine even when the systems corresponding to the first and second winding sets are both normal and when either system is shut off. . In other words, in any operating state, it always operates as a three-phase synchronous machine during operation.
請求項１〜３の発明に従った図１の実施例は、電力変換部（電力変換手段の実現）２に関し、以下の特徴を有する。
▲１▼ 電力変換部２は、第１巻線組にのみ接続された第１系統電力変換器２−２１と第２巻線組にのみ接続された第２系統電力変換器２−２２とを有する構成となっている。すなわち、電力変換部２は、第１巻線組と第２巻線組とに対して、完全独立的に三相電流を送受できるように構成されている。
▲２▼ 第１系統電力変換器２−２１と第２系統電力変換器２−２２への各々６個のスイッチング信号は、単一の電力変換部統合制御器２−１から送り出される構成となっている。本構成では、第１系統電力変換器２−２１へのスイッチング信号と第２系統電力変換器２−２２へのスイチング信号を同一とすれば、第１系統の三相電流と第２系統の三相電流を基本的に同相とすることができる。
▲３▼ 互いに独立した第１系統と第２系統は、各系統用電力変換器と各系統三相端子（ｕ１、ｖ１、ｗ１端子とｕ２、ｖ２、ｗ２端子）との間に、各々、独立した系統用遮断器２−３１、２−３２を備えている。しかも、各系統用遮断器のオン・オフ指令は、電力変換部統合制御器から、独立的に与えられるように構成されている。電力変換部統合制御器は、各系統の正常・異常に応じて各系統用遮断器のオン・オフ指令を発することができるので、本構成によれば、２系統のいずれか１個が異常の場合には、正常な系統のみを利用して、電力変換部と三相同期機との間で三相電流を送受することができる。The embodiment of FIG. 1 according to the first to third aspects of the invention relates to the power conversion unit (realization of power conversion means) 2 and has the following features.
(1) The
(2) Each of the six switching signals to the first system power converter 2-21 and the second system power converter 2-22 is sent from a single power conversion unit integrated controller 2-1. ing. In this configuration, if the switching signal to the first system power converter 2-21 and the switching signal to the second system power converter 2-22 are the same, the three-phase current of the first system and the three of the second system The phase current can be basically in phase.
(3) The first system and the second system, which are independent from each other, are independent between the power converter for each system and each system three-phase terminal (u1, v1, w1 terminal and u2, v2, w2 terminal). The system circuit breakers 2-31 and 2-32 are provided. In addition, an on / off command for each system breaker is configured to be given independently from the power converter integrated controller. Since the power converter integrated controller can issue an on / off command for each system breaker according to the normality / abnormality of each system, according to this configuration, one of the two systems is abnormal. In this case, the three-phase current can be transmitted and received between the power conversion unit and the three-phase synchronous machine using only a normal system.
なお、第１系統用電力変換器と第２系統用電力電力変換器においては、電力変換の対象となる直流電力に関し、共有する形で直流電力を保持することも、あるいは系統ごとに独立した形で直流電力を保持することも可能である。In the first system power converter and the second system power power converter, the DC power to be subjected to power conversion can be held in a shared form or can be independent for each system. It is also possible to hold DC power.
図１を用いた実施形態例では、回転子の極対数を２とした例を示した。請求項１〜３の発明は、これに限定されるものでなく、極対数が偶数（２、４、６、８・・）であれば、問題なく適用される。なお、当業者には、図１の極対数２の実施形態例を参照することで、極対数を４、６あるいは８などに選定した場合の実施形態は容易に理解されるので、この説明は省略する。In the embodiment using FIG. 1, an example in which the number of pole pairs of the rotor is two is shown. The inventions of claims 1 to 3 are not limited to this, and can be applied without problems if the number of pole pairs is an even number (2, 4, 6, 8,...). Those skilled in the art can easily understand embodiments in which the number of pole pairs is selected to be 4, 6 or 8, by referring to the embodiment of pole pairs of 2 in FIG. Omitted.
図１を用いた実施形態例では、三相同期機として、回転子に永久磁石を有する永久磁石形三相同期機を用いた例を示した。請求項１、請求項３の発明は、これに限定されるものでなく、回転子に永久磁石に代わって界磁巻線を有する界磁巻線形三相同期機、さらには回転子に界磁を有しない三相同期リラクタンス機などにも、適用される。この場合の実施形態例は、図１と実質的な相違はない。このため、これ以上の説明は省略する。In the embodiment using FIG. 1, the example using the permanent magnet type three-phase synchronous machine which has a permanent magnet in a rotor as a three-phase synchronous machine was shown. The inventions of claims 1 and 3 are not limited to this, but a field winding type three-phase synchronous machine having a field winding instead of a permanent magnet in the rotor, and further a field in the rotor. It is also applied to a three-phase synchronous reluctance machine that does not have a The embodiment in this case is not substantially different from FIG. For this reason, further explanation is omitted.
図１を用いた実施形態例では、電力変換部に各系統専用の電流遮断のための系統用遮断器２−３１、２−３２を備えさせた。各系統専用の電力変換器２−２１、２−２２へのスイチング信号を介して系統の三相電流を遮断できる場合には、系統用遮断器２−３１、２−３２は不要であり、撤去できる。In the embodiment example using FIG. 1, the power converter is provided with system circuit breakers 2-31 and 2-32 for current interruption dedicated to each system. When the three-phase current of the system can be interrupted via the switching signal to the power converters 2-21 and 2-22 dedicated to each system, the system circuit breakers 2-31 and 2-32 are unnecessary and removed. it can.
本発明は、バッテリ電気自動車、燃料電池電気自動車、ハイブリッド電気自動車の主駆動三相同期機（三相永久磁石形同期機、三相界磁巻線形同期機、三相同期リラクタンス機など）のための駆動発電装置に好適である。The present invention is for main drive three-phase synchronous machines (three-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines, three-phase field winding synchronous machines, three-phase synchronous reluctance machines, etc.) for battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles. It is suitable for the drive power generation apparatus.
１ 三相同期機
１−１ 三相同期機の回転子
１−２１ 三相同期機の固定子の第１巻線組
１−２２ 三相同期機の固定子の第２巻線組
２ 電力変換部
２−１ 電力変換部統合制御器
２−２１ 第１系統用電力変換器
２−２２ 第２系統用電力変換器
２−３１ 第１系統用遮断器
２−３２ 第２系統用遮断器1 Three-phase synchronous machine 1-1 Three-phase synchronous machine rotor 1-21 Three-phase synchronous machine stator first winding set 1-22 Three-phase synchronous machine stator second winding set 2 Power conversion Unit 2-1 Power Converter Integrated Controller 2-21 Power Converter for First System 2-22 Power Converter for Second System 2-31 Circuit Breaker for First System 2-32 Circuit Breaker for Second System
Claims (3)
Ｎｐを正の偶数とし、
ｕ相電流に対してｖ相電流が位相遅れ、ｖ相電流に対してｗ相電流が位相遅れとする相順の三相電流を正相三相電流と定義し、正相三相電流の相電流を相順に従って各々流す相巻線を、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線とし、
ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線をＹ形あるいはこれと特性等価なΔ形で結線した三相巻線の１組を１巻線組とするとき、
該三相同期機の回転子を、極対数Ｎｐの回転子とし、
互いに独立した第１巻線組、第２巻線組を、ｕ相巻線、ｖ相巻線、ｗ相巻線の空間的位相が２極対数を基準とした空間において順次１２０度空間的位相遅れとなるように、かつ第１巻線組と第２巻線組との空間的位相差が２極対数を基準とした空間において±１８０度となるように構成し、
該三相同期機の固定子を、上記構成した第１巻線組と第２巻線組とを備えた固定子とし、該電力変換手段を、上記固定子に備えられた第１巻線組と第２巻線組とに対して、完全独立的に三相電流を送受できるように構成した
ことを特徴とする同期機駆動発電装置。A synchronous machine drive power generator comprising a three-phase synchronous machine comprising a rotor and a stator having a three-phase winding, and a three-phase synchronous machine and power conversion means for transmitting and receiving a three-phase current,
Let Np be a positive even number,
A phase-phase three-phase current in which the v-phase current is delayed in phase with respect to the u-phase current and the w-phase current is delayed in phase with respect to the v-phase current is defined as a positive-phase three-phase current. The phase windings that flow current according to the phase sequence are u-phase windings, v-phase windings, and w-phase windings,
When one set of three-phase windings in which a u-phase winding, a v-phase winding, and a w-phase winding are connected in a Y-type or a Δ-type equivalent to this is defined as one winding set,
The rotor of the three-phase synchronous machine is a rotor with the number of pole pairs Np,
The first winding group and the second winding group that are independent from each other are sequentially 120 degrees in the space where the spatial phase of the u-phase winding, the v-phase winding, and the w-phase winding is based on the number of pole pairs. The spatial phase difference between the first winding group and the second winding group is configured to be ± 180 degrees in a space based on the number of pairs of two poles so as to be delayed,
The stator of the three-phase synchronous machine is a stator including the first winding set and the second winding set configured as described above, and the power conversion means is a first winding set provided in the stator. A synchronous machine drive power generator configured to be able to send and receive a three-phase current to and from the second winding set completely independently.
第１、第２の２系統が共に正常の場合には、２系統で基本的に同相の三相電流を各々送受できるように、２系統の１個が異常で他が正常の場合には、異常な系統は三相電流遮断し、正常な系統のみを利用して三相電流を送受するように、該電力変換手段を構成したことを特徴とする請求項１記載の同期機駆動発電装置。In the synchronous machine drive power generator, a three-phase current transmission / reception system composed of a first winding set and power conversion means is a first system, and a three-phase current composed of a second winding set and power conversion means. The transmission / reception system is the second system, and the u-phase, v-phase, and w-phase currents of the first system and the u-phase, v-phase, and w-phase currents of the second system are in phase for each phase current. When defining the three-phase current of
When both the first and second systems are normal, so that one of the two systems is abnormal and the other is normal so that each of the two systems can send and receive basically the same three-phase current. 2. The synchronous machine drive power generator according to claim 1, wherein the power conversion means is configured so that the abnormal system cuts off the three-phase current and transmits and receives the three-phase current using only the normal system.
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