JP2017114016A - Fastener fastening method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a CFRP fastening method which has excellent bonding strength, further suppresses occurrence of deterioration or deformation of a CFRP member, and can mass-produce in a short time.SOLUTION: A method of fastening to a fastening hole of a member to be fastened having a fastening hole with a fastening tool, includes: a step (a) of holding in a state via an adhesive to between the members to be fastened; a step (b) of gripping a head part of a fastening tool that includes a head part and a trunk part, in which at least the trunk part is a thermoplastic CFRP member containing a plurality of continuous fibers, by a gripping tool; a step (c) of rotating the fastening tool; a step (d) of pressing the molding tool; a step (e) of squeezing the other end of the fastening tool to the molding tool; a step (f) of observing the step (e); a step (g) of stopping the rotation due to the result of the observation; and a step (h) of squeezing the fastening tool to the member to be fastened, in which the fastening tool is plastically flowed by a friction heat to form a leg part on the other end side of the fastening tool, further promotes curing speed of the adhesive.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、繊維強化複合材からなる締結具を用いて、少なくとも１つがＣＦＲＰ部材である被締結部材を締結する締結構造および締結方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a fastening structure and a fastening method for fastening a fastened member, at least one of which is a CFRP member, using a fastener made of a fiber-reinforced composite material.

繊維強化複合材は、比強度、比弾性率が大きいことから、近年、航空機や車両の軽量化のために構造体等として使用されている。従来から繊維強化複合材同士と、繊維強化複合材と一方が金属または非金属部材とを接合する方法として、接着剤を使って接合する方法や、被締結部材に穿孔した後、金属製のボルトやリベット等に代表される締結具を穴に貫通させて機械的に締結する方法が知られている。
しかしながら、接着剤は固着力が弱く、機械的締結方法と比較して強度面で劣っている。
一方、金属製の締結具を用いると、金属製であるが故に、締結具の重量増により、構造体等に繊維強化複合材を用いて航空機や車両を軽量化するという目的に完全にはそぐわない。また、金属製の締結具は電位差による腐食が生じやすく、最悪の場合、締結具の破断に至る懸念もある。
現在までに、上記の課題を解消する技術が種々提案されており、従来技術として知られている。
例えば、特許文献１では、熱可塑性樹脂を連続繊維で強化することで作製した締結具を被締結部材の締結用穴に挿入後、加熱した頭部形成用の凹部を有する成形治具を締結具の両端から押し当てることで頭部を形成し、軽量で耐腐食性に優れた締結具を成形する方法が知られている。 In recent years, fiber reinforced composite materials have been used as structures and the like for weight reduction of aircrafts and vehicles because of their high specific strength and specific elastic modulus. Conventionally, as a method of joining fiber reinforced composite materials and fiber reinforced composite materials and one of them with a metal or non-metal member, a method of joining using an adhesive or a metal bolt after drilling in a fastened member There is known a method of mechanically fastening a fastener represented by a rivet or the like through a hole.
However, the adhesive has a weak fixing force and is inferior in strength compared to the mechanical fastening method.
On the other hand, if a metal fastener is used, it is not suitable for the purpose of reducing the weight of an aircraft or a vehicle by using a fiber reinforced composite material for a structure or the like due to an increase in the weight of the fastener because of being made of metal. . Further, metal fasteners are easily corroded by a potential difference, and in the worst case, the fasteners may be broken.
To date, various techniques for solving the above problems have been proposed and are known as conventional techniques.
For example, in Patent Document 1, after a fastener made by reinforcing thermoplastic resin with continuous fibers is inserted into a fastening hole of a member to be fastened, a forming jig having a heated head forming recess is fastened. A method is known in which a head is formed by pressing from both ends of the wire and a fastener that is lightweight and has excellent corrosion resistance is formed.

特開平４−２４４６０９号公報JP-A-4-244609

しかしながら、上記特許文献１では、樹脂が塑性流動する温度まで成形用治具を加熱する時間が必要である。また、樹脂が硬化するまで成形用治具を冷却する時間も必要である。
そのため、成形時間が長く、量産性が低い等の問題がある。また、樹脂が塑性流動する温度まで加熱された成形用治具と被締結部材とが当接する必要があるため、広い範囲で成形用治具から被締結部材へと熱が伝達し、被締結部材が熱によって劣化、もしくは変形を起こす問題がある。
尚、本出願人は、特願２０１４−１７２２８０号により、摩擦熱によって締結する締結具を提案した。これに開示された締結具は、摩擦熱により締結具を塑性流動させて脚部を成形することで、短い成形時間で量産性の向上を可能とし、且つ、被締結部材の劣化や変形の発生を抑制することができる。 However, in Patent Document 1, it takes time to heat the molding jig to a temperature at which the resin plastically flows. In addition, it takes time to cool the molding jig until the resin is cured.
Therefore, there are problems such as long molding time and low mass productivity. Also, since the molding jig heated to a temperature at which the resin plastically flows and the fastened member need to contact each other, heat is transmitted from the molding jig to the fastened member in a wide range, and the fastened member There is a problem that causes deterioration or deformation due to heat.
In addition, this applicant proposed the fastener fastened by friction heat by Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-172280. The fastener disclosed therein enables mass production to be improved in a short molding time by plastically flowing the fastener by frictional heat, thereby enabling mass productivity to be improved and generation of deterioration or deformation of a member to be fastened. Can be suppressed.

本発明は、優れた接合強度を有し、ＣＦＲＰ部材の劣化や変形の発生をさらに抑制して、短い成形時間で量産性を向上させることが可能なＣＦＲＰ締結方法を提供することを主な目的とする。   The main object of the present invention is to provide a CFRP fastening method that has excellent bonding strength, can further suppress deterioration and deformation of a CFRP member, and can improve mass productivity in a short molding time. And

本発明のＣＦＲＰ締結方法は、少なくともいずれか一方の部材がＣＦＲＰ部材である二枚の被締結部材を相互に重ね合わせて接合するにあたり、夫々の部材は１個又は２個以上の締結孔を有しており、この締結孔に締結具を用いて二枚の被締結部材を締結する締結具締結方法であって、二枚の被締結部材間に未硬化の接着剤を介した状態で、被締結部材を把持する工程（ａ）と、締結具が、頭部と胴部からなる略断面Ｔ字のボルト形状であり、少なくとも胴部が複数の連続繊維を含有する熱可塑性ＣＦＲＰ部材であり、一方の被締結部材上方で、頭部である一端を掴持治具で掴持する工程（ｂ）と、この工程（ｂ）後、掴持治具で掴持された締結具を回転させる工程（ｃ）と、締結孔より大径の凹部を有した成形治具を他方の被締結部材に押し当てる工程（ｄ）と、工程（ｃ）と（ｄ）を成している状態で、締結具の胴部である他端を成形治具の凹部に一定荷重で押し込む工程（ｅ）と、工程（ｅ）の押込み量又は押込み時間を監視する工程（ｆ）と、工程（ｆ）の監視結果により締結具の回転を停止する工程（ｇ）と、工程（ｇ）後、締結具の頭部を一方の被締結部材に当接するまで押し込む工程（ｈ）と、を有し、締結具を回転させながら、成形治具に押し込むことで発生する摩擦熱によって、締結具を塑性流動させ、締結具の他端側に凸部形状の脚部を成形して締結し、さらに接着剤の硬化速度を促進させることを特徴とする。   In the CFRP fastening method of the present invention, when two members to be fastened, each of which is a CFRP member, are overlapped and joined to each other, each member has one or more fastening holes. A fastener fastening method for fastening two fastening members to each fastening hole by using a fastener, with an uncured adhesive interposed between the two fastening members. The step (a) for gripping the fastening member, and the fastener is a bolt shape having a substantially T-shaped section composed of a head portion and a trunk portion, and at least the trunk portion is a thermoplastic CFRP member containing a plurality of continuous fibers, A step (b) of gripping one end as a head with a gripping jig above one member to be fastened, and a step of rotating the fastener gripped by the gripping jig after this step (b) (C) and pressing a forming jig having a recess larger in diameter than the fastening hole against the other fastening member. The step (d), the step (e) of pushing the other end, which is the body portion of the fastener, into the concave portion of the forming jig with a constant load in the state where the steps (c) and (d) are performed. The step (f) of monitoring the pushing amount or pushing time of (e), the step (g) of stopping the rotation of the fastener according to the monitoring result of the step (f), and the head of the fastener after the step (g) A step (h) in which the fastener is pressed into one of the fastened members, and the fastener is plastically flowed by frictional heat generated by pushing the fastener into the forming jig while rotating the fastener. A convex shaped leg is formed and fastened to the other end of the adhesive, and the curing rate of the adhesive is further accelerated.

本発明によれば、優れた接合強度を有し、ＣＦＲＰ部材の劣化や変形の発生をさらに抑制して、短い成形時間で量産性を向上させることが可能なＣＦＲＰ接合構造を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a CFRP joint structure that has excellent joint strength, can further suppress deterioration and deformation of a CFRP member, and can improve mass productivity in a short molding time. .

締結手順を説明する模式図で、図１（ａ）が締結具を回転させている状態、図１（ｂ）が成形治具に締結具を回転させながら押し込んでいる状態、図１（ｃ）が締結具の脚部を形成している状態の模式図である。FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram for explaining a fastening procedure, FIG. 1A shows a state where the fastener is rotated, FIG. 1B shows a state where the fastener is being pushed into the forming jig, and FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the state which forms the leg part of a fastener. 補強用の繊維材を含有している締結具を示す図で、図２（ａ）は繊維材が放射状の平面図、図２（ｂ）は繊維材がＬ字形状の正面断面図、図２（ｃ）は底面図である。FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a fastener containing a reinforcing fiber material, FIG. 2A is a plan view in which the fiber material is radial, FIG. 2B is a front cross-sectional view in which the fiber material is L-shaped, FIG. (C) is a bottom view.

本発明を説明する前に、本発明を想到するに至った経緯を説明する。
従来のＣＦＲＰ部材と異種材、またはＣＦＲＰ部材同士といった被締結部材の締結方法は、少なくともいずれか一方の部材の接合面に接着剤を塗布することで締結を行ったり、ＣＦＲＰ部材に貫通孔を設け、金属製のピンまたはボルト等で機械的に締結を行ったりしていた。 Before explaining the present invention, the background to the idea of the present invention will be described.
The conventional CFRP member and dissimilar material, or the fastening method of the member to be fastened such as CFRP members are fastened by applying an adhesive to the joining surface of at least one of the members, or through holes are provided in the CFRP member. And mechanical fastening with metal pins or bolts.

ＣＦＲＰ部材を締結する際の接着剤は、一般的に、耐熱性に優れる熱硬化型接着剤が使用されている。
しかしながら、熱硬化型接着剤は、接着剤を硬化させるために、一般的に８０〜１５０℃の温度環境の中で５〜６０分以上の硬化条件が必要となる。その為、温度管理や時間管理といった後工程が必要となり、生産設備の新設や生産時間の増加が問題となる。 As the adhesive for fastening the CFRP member, a thermosetting adhesive having excellent heat resistance is generally used.
However, a thermosetting adhesive generally requires curing conditions of 5 to 60 minutes or more in a temperature environment of 80 to 150 ° C. in order to cure the adhesive. For this reason, post-processes such as temperature management and time management are required, and there is a problem of newly establishing production equipment and increasing production time.

また、母材であるＣＦＲＰ部材は、熱硬化性樹脂と熱可塑性樹脂とに分類されるが、上述したように、熱硬化型接着剤を使用する場合、加熱が必要となるため、熱に強い（耐熱性に優れる）、熱硬化性樹脂のＣＦＲＰ部材を選定せざるを得ない。
また、接着剤は、一般的に、せん断荷重には強いが、引張荷重には弱いとされている。 The CFRP member as a base material is classified into a thermosetting resin and a thermoplastic resin. However, as described above, when a thermosetting adhesive is used, heating is required, so that it is resistant to heat. A CFRP member made of a thermosetting resin (excellent in heat resistance) must be selected.
Further, the adhesive is generally considered strong against a shear load but weak against a tensile load.

一方、金属製のピンまたはボルト等（締結具）で機械的に締結する方法は、締結具が金属製のため、重量減に寄与するには限界がある。また、金属製の締結具とＣＦＲＰ部材は、接触部において電位差による腐食が発生するという問題もある。
また、上述の機械的に締結する方法は、引張荷重に優れているとされている。 On the other hand, the method of mechanically fastening with a metal pin or bolt (fastener) has a limit to contribute to weight reduction because the fastener is made of metal. Further, the metal fastener and the CFRP member also have a problem that corrosion due to a potential difference occurs at the contact portion.
Moreover, the above-mentioned mechanical fastening method is said to be excellent in tensile load.

そこで、本願発明者は、後工程のいらない常温型接着剤に着目し、本出願人の提案した特願２０１４−１７２２８０号に使用することで、さらに接合強度を高める（引張荷重とせん断荷重の両方向からの荷重にも耐えうる強い締結力）ことが可能となり、また、硬化させるための後工程も必要なくなると考えた。   Therefore, the inventor of the present application pays attention to a room-temperature type adhesive that does not require a post-process and uses it in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-172280 proposed by the present applicant to further increase the bonding strength (both directions of tensile load and shear load) It was considered that a strong fastening force capable of withstanding the load from the load was also possible, and a post-process for curing was not necessary.

さらに、常温型接着剤であるが故に、被締結部材は、熱硬化性樹脂のＣＦＲＰ部材だけに限らず、熱可塑性樹脂のＣＦＲＰ部材も使用可能となり、また、加熱に左右されない様々な被締結部材（例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン等の耐熱性が６０〜１００℃と比較的低い樹脂材料の部材）の選定にも貢献できると考え、本発明を想到するに至った。   Furthermore, because it is a room temperature type adhesive, not only the thermosetting resin CFRP member but also the thermoplastic resin CFRP member can be used, and various fastening members that are not affected by heating. The present invention has been conceived because it is thought that it can also contribute to the selection of a member (for example, a resin material having a relatively low heat resistance of 60 to 100 ° C. such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polystyrene).

実際、試験として、下記表１で示すように、引張せん断試験（上段）と十字引張試験（下段）との２つを行った。前者は、接着剤のみの場合、せん断荷重６，１１６（Ｎ）、接着剤＋締結具の場合、８，６８１（Ｎ）、そして、締結具のみの場合、２，６９１（Ｎ）という結果となった。
一方、後者は、接着剤のみの場合、引張荷重１，６１６（Ｎ）、接着剤＋締結具の場合、２，６０３（Ｎ）、そして、締結具のみの場合、１，２４４（Ｎ）という結果となった。
両試験とも接着剤＋締結具の方が、高い接合強度が得られることが分かった。
尚、この試験は、常温型接着剤を使用し、接着剤を塗布後６時間後に行ったものである。 In fact, as shown in Table 1 below, two tests, a tensile shear test (upper stage) and a cross tension test (lower stage), were performed. The former results in a shear load of 6,116 (N) for adhesive only, 8,681 (N) for adhesive + fastener, and 2,691 (N) for fastener only. became.
On the other hand, the latter is a tensile load of 1,616 (N) in the case of the adhesive alone, 2,603 (N) in the case of the adhesive + fastener, and 1,244 (N) in the case of the fastener alone. As a result.
In both tests, it was found that higher bonding strength was obtained with the adhesive + fastener.
This test was conducted 6 hours after applying the adhesive using a room temperature type adhesive.

常温型接着剤は一般的に完全に硬化するまでは約２４時間を自然乾燥させる必要がある。しかしながら、時間の都合もあり、半完全硬化でも"接着剤のみ"と"締結具のみ"よりは若干高い接合強度が得られると推測し試験を行ったが、結果は推測値よりも遥かに大きな値となった。   The room temperature type adhesive generally needs to be naturally dried for about 24 hours until it is completely cured. However, due to time constraints, tests were performed assuming that a slightly higher bond strength was obtained with "adhesive only" and "fastener only" even with semi-complete curing, but the results were much larger than the estimated values. Value.

このような強固な接合強度が得られた理由は、以下のように考えられる。図２に示すように、締結具は、熱可塑性樹脂内に複数の補強用の繊維材を含有しており、少なくとも締結具の胴部における繊維材は、締結具の中心軸に対して平行方向に連続的に配置されている。
すなわち、後述する摩擦熱による脚部形成時に、その摩擦熱が繊維材に熱伝導し、繊維材の繊維方向に導かれて接着剤まで到達し、繊維材近傍の接着剤の硬化速度を速めたものだと推測できる。 The reason why such a strong bonding strength is obtained is considered as follows. As shown in FIG. 2, the fastener includes a plurality of reinforcing fiber materials in the thermoplastic resin, and at least the fiber material in the body of the fastener is parallel to the central axis of the fastener. Are arranged continuously.
That is, when the legs are formed by frictional heat, which will be described later, the frictional heat is conducted to the fiber material and is guided in the fiber direction of the fiber material to reach the adhesive, thereby accelerating the curing rate of the adhesive near the fiber material. I can guess it.

以上の鋭意検討から、常温型接着剤を介して締結具で締結すれば、従来より、高い接合強度が得られるだけでなく、摩擦熱によって硬化速度を速めることができるという相乗効果を有し、短時間でより強固な接合強度を得ることができることが分かった。   From the above intensive studies, if fastened with a fastener via a room temperature type adhesive, it has a synergistic effect that not only high bonding strength can be obtained, but also the curing speed can be increased by frictional heat, It was found that stronger bonding strength can be obtained in a short time.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を、適宜、図面を参照しながら説明する。尚、以下の好ましい実施形態の説明は、本質的に例示に過ぎず、本発明、その適用物、或いはその用途を制限することを意図するものではない。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings as appropriate. It should be noted that the following description of the preferred embodiments is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

（実施形態）
図１は、第１実施形態の締結動作を説明する模式図で、（ａ）が締結具を回転させている状態、（ｂ）が成形治具に締結具を回転させながら押し込んでいる状態、（ｃ）が締結具の脚部を形成している状態の模式図を夫々示している。
図２は、補強用の繊維材を含有している締結具を示す図で、（ａ）は繊維材が放射状の平面図、（ｂ）は繊維材がＬ字形状の正面断面図、（ｃ）は底面図を夫々示している。 (Embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining the fastening operation of the first embodiment, in which (a) is a state where the fastener is rotated, and (b) is a state where the fastener is being pushed into the forming jig while being rotated, (C) has each shown the schematic diagram of the state which forms the leg part of a fastener.
2A and 2B are diagrams showing a fastener containing a reinforcing fiber material, where FIG. 2A is a plan view in which the fiber material is radial, FIG. 2B is a front cross-sectional view in which the fiber material is L-shaped, and FIG. ) Shows bottom views respectively.

まず、下準備として、１個又は２個以上の締結孔が設けられている二枚のＣＦＲＰ部材と、頭部１３ａと胴部１３ｂとこの胴部１３ｂの胴部端面１３ｃとで構成された略断面Ｔ字のボルト形状の締結具１３が用意されている。
図２で示すように、締結具１３は、炭素繊維２０と熱可塑性樹脂２１とを有しており、炭素繊維２０の配向は、図２（ａ）〜図２（ｃ）のように胴部１３ｂに於いて径の中心軸に対して平行方向に配置されており、頭部１３ａに於いて径の中心軸に対して外周に径方向と平行に放射状に広がって配置されている。また、胴部１３ｂと頭部１３ａに配置された炭素繊維２０の一部は、頭部１３ａの外周部近傍から胴部端面１３ｃまで一本のＬ字形状をした連続した炭素繊維２０となっている。 First, as a preliminary preparation, an abbreviation composed of two CFRP members provided with one or more fastening holes, a head portion 13a, a trunk portion 13b, and a trunk portion end surface 13c of the trunk portion 13b. A bolt-shaped fastener 13 having a T-shaped cross section is prepared.
As shown in FIG. 2, the fastener 13 has the carbon fiber 20 and the thermoplastic resin 21, and the orientation of the carbon fiber 20 is a trunk | drum like FIG. 2 (a)-FIG.2 (c). In 13b, it arrange | positions in the parallel direction with respect to the central axis of a diameter, and in the head 13a, it is radially extended and arrange | positioned radially at the outer periphery with respect to the central axis of a diameter. Further, a part of the carbon fibers 20 disposed on the trunk portion 13b and the head portion 13a becomes a continuous carbon fiber 20 having a single L shape from the vicinity of the outer peripheral portion of the head portion 13a to the trunk portion end surface 13c. Yes.

次に、実施形態の締結具締結装置による被締結部材１１、１２を締結具で締結する手順について、図１（ａ）〜（ｃ）を用いて、以下に説明する。
図１は、締結手順を説明する模式図で、図１（ａ）が締結具１３を回転させている状態、図１（ｂ）が成形治具１５に締結具１３を回転させながら押し込んでいる状態、図１（ｃ）が締結具の脚部を形成している状態の模式図を夫々示している。
締結具締結装置１０における被締結部材の締結方法は、例えば、図１（ａ）から図１（ｂ）、そして、図１（ｃ）へといった流れで行われる。
なお、下記第１〜３工程は図１（ａ）、第４〜６工程は図１（ｂ）、第７〜９工程は図１（ｃ）を夫々用いて説明する。 Next, the procedure for fastening the members to be fastened 11 and 12 with the fasteners by the fastener fastening device of the embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS.
1A and 1B are schematic diagrams for explaining a fastening procedure. FIG. 1A shows a state where the fastener 13 is rotated, and FIG. 1B shows that the fastener 13 is pushed into the forming jig 15 while rotating. The state and FIG.1 (c) have each shown the schematic diagram of the state which forms the leg part of a fastener.
The fastening method of the member to be fastened in the fastener fastening device 10 is performed, for example, according to the flow from FIG. 1 (a) to FIG. 1 (b) and FIG. 1 (c).
The following first to third steps will be described with reference to FIG. 1A, the fourth to sixth steps will be described with reference to FIG. 1B, and the seventh to ninth steps will be described with reference to FIG. 1C.

第１工程は、二枚のＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２に設けられた夫々の締結孔１１ａ、１２ａを同芯にして重ね合わせ、その部材間に未硬化の常温型接着剤（以下、接着剤１９という）を塗布した状態で、図示しない把持治具で把持される（把持工程）。   In the first step, the fastening holes 11a, 12a provided in the two CFRP members 11, 12 are overlapped with each other, and an uncured room temperature type adhesive (hereinafter referred to as an adhesive 19) is formed between the members. ) Is applied and is gripped by a gripping jig (not shown) (gripping step).

第２工程は、ＣＦＲＰ部材１１の上方で且つ、胴部１３ｂが下向きになった状態で、締結具１３の頭部１３ａが、掴持治具１４に備えられている爪部１６によって掴持される（掴持工程）。この際、締結具１３の胴部１３ｂと、被締結部材１１、１２に備えられた締結孔１１ａ、１２ａは、同一軸線上に配置されている。   In the second step, the head portion 13a of the fastener 13 is gripped by the claw portion 16 provided in the gripping jig 14 above the CFRP member 11 and with the body portion 13b facing downward. (Gripping process). At this time, the body 13b of the fastener 13 and the fastening holes 11a and 12a provided in the fastened members 11 and 12 are disposed on the same axis.

第３工程は、第２工程後、図示しない制御手段を駆動することで、締結具１３及びこれを掴持している掴持治具１４を、締結具１３の中心軸を回転中心として矢印Ａ方向へ回転させる（回転工程）。   In the third step, after the second step, the control means (not shown) is driven, so that the fastener 13 and the gripping jig 14 gripping the fastener 13 are moved to the arrow A with the central axis of the fastener 13 as the rotation center. Rotate in the direction (rotation process).

第４工程は、図示しない押当手段を駆動することで、締結孔１１ａ、１２ａより大径の凹部を有した成形治具１５を矢視Ｂ方向へ移動させて、成形治具１５の上端面をＣＦＲＰ部材１２の下端面まで押し当てる（押当工程）。   In the fourth step, the upper end surface of the forming jig 15 is moved by driving a pressing means (not shown) to move the forming jig 15 having a recess having a diameter larger than the fastening holes 11a and 12a in the direction B. Is pressed to the lower end surface of the CFRP member 12 (pressing step).

第５工程は、第３工程と第４工程が実行されている状態で、図示しない押込手段を駆動することで、回転中の締結具１３及び掴持治具１４を矢視Ｃ方向へ移動させて、締結孔１１ａ、１２ａに締結具１３を挿入し、成形治具１５の凹部１７に胴部端面１３ｃを一定荷重で押し込む（押込工程１）。この工程を行うことで、回転中の締結具１３の胴部端面１３ｃと成形治具１５の凹部１７との間には摩擦熱が発生する。   In the fifth step, the rotating fastener 13 and the gripping jig 14 are moved in the direction of arrow C by driving the pushing means (not shown) while the third step and the fourth step are being performed. Then, the fastener 13 is inserted into the fastening holes 11a and 12a, and the body end face 13c is pushed into the recess 17 of the forming jig 15 with a constant load (pushing step 1). By performing this process, frictional heat is generated between the body end face 13c of the rotating fastener 13 and the recess 17 of the forming jig 15.

第６工程は、図示しない監視手段によって、第５工程に於ける締結具１３又は掴持治具１４の押込み量又は押込み時間を監視する（監視工程）。尚、押込み量又は押込み時間は、締結具１３を構成する素材の種類や大きさ、強度、摩擦係数などによって適宜、任意の値に設定可能であり、好適には押込み量は１ｍｍ〜２０ｍｍ、押込み時間は１〜２０秒が好ましい。   In the sixth step, the pushing amount or pushing time of the fastener 13 or the holding jig 14 in the fifth step is monitored by a monitoring means (not shown) (monitoring step). The indentation amount or indentation time can be set to any value as appropriate depending on the type, size, strength, friction coefficient, etc. of the material constituting the fastener 13, and the indentation amount is preferably 1 mm to 20 mm. The time is preferably 1 to 20 seconds.

第７工程は、第６工程で予め設定した押し込み量又は押し込み時間に達したことを確認した後、図示しない制御手段によって、回転中の締結具１３及び掴持治具１４の回転を停止する（停止工程）。   In the seventh step, after confirming that the pushing amount or pushing time set in advance in the sixth step has been reached, the rotation of the rotating fastener 13 and gripping jig 14 is stopped by a control means (not shown) ( Stop process).

第８工程は、第７工程後、締結具１３の頭部１３ａの下端面が被締結部材１１の上端面に当接するまで押し込む（押込工程２）。
この際、第５工程で発生した摩擦熱によって、締結具１３を構成する熱可塑性樹脂は塑性流動を起こし、締結具１３の胴部端面１３ｃ近傍は成形治具１５の凹部１７の形状に沿って変形し、締結孔１２ａの周囲を覆うように凸部形状の脚部１８を形成することとなる。
また、締結具１３の胴部１３ｂと締結孔１１ａ、１２ａとの隙間にも流動性を持った樹脂が広がっていくため、締結具１３とＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２との密着性がより高まるようになる。
また、発生した摩擦熱が胴部１３ｂの炭素繊維の配向に熱伝導され、さらに、ＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２間の締結孔１１ａ、１２ａ近傍の接着剤１９まで熱伝導されることで接着剤１９の硬化速度が速まっていく。 8th process pushes in until the lower end surface of the head 13a of the fastener 13 contact | abuts to the upper end surface of the to-be-fastened member 11 after a 7th process (pressing process 2).
Under the present circumstances, the thermoplastic resin which comprises the fastener 13 raise | generates a plastic flow with the frictional heat which generate | occur | produced at the 5th process, and the trunk | drum end surface 13c vicinity of the fastener 13 follows the shape of the recessed part 17 of the shaping | molding jig 15. The deformed leg portion 18 is formed so as to cover the periphery of the fastening hole 12a.
Further, since the resin having fluidity spreads in the gap between the body portion 13b of the fastener 13 and the fastening holes 11a and 12a, the adhesion between the fastener 13 and the CFRP members 11 and 12 is further enhanced. Become.
In addition, the generated frictional heat is thermally conducted to the orientation of the carbon fiber of the body portion 13b, and further, is thermally conducted to the adhesive 19 in the vicinity of the fastening holes 11a and 12a between the CFRP members 11 and 12, whereby the adhesive 19 Curing speed increases.

第９工程は、塑性流動を起こしている熱可塑性樹脂を冷却固化する（冷却工程）。冷却固化する方法として、一定時間自然放熱しても良く、強制放熱しても良い。冷却時間は、好適には１〜２０秒が好ましいが、締結具１３を構成する素材の種類や大きさなどによって適宜、任意の値に設定すれば良い。   In the ninth step, the thermoplastic resin causing plastic flow is cooled and solidified (cooling step). As a method for cooling and solidifying, natural heat may be radiated for a certain time or forced heat may be radiated. The cooling time is preferably 1 to 20 seconds, but may be set to an arbitrary value as appropriate depending on the type and size of the material constituting the fastener 13.

第１０工程は、掴持治具１４の爪部１６を動かすことによって掴持治具１４から締結具１３の頭部１３ａを解放し、掴持治具１４を上方へ移動させる。
次に、成形治具１５を下方に移動させることで、ＣＦＲＰ部材１２から離す。なお、掴持治具１４と成形治具１５を移動させる順序は、逆でも良いし、同時でも良い。この際、塑性流動を起こして成形治具１５の凹部１７内で形成された脚部１８は、十分に冷却固化しており、ＣＦＲＰ部材１２の締結穴１２ａ周囲の面に溶着した状態となっている。
これにより、締結具締結装置１０の締結方法によってＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２を締結する手順が終了する。 In the tenth step, the head 13a of the fastener 13 is released from the gripping jig 14 by moving the claw portion 16 of the gripping jig 14, and the gripping jig 14 is moved upward.
Next, the molding jig 15 is moved downward to be separated from the CFRP member 12. The order of moving the gripping jig 14 and the forming jig 15 may be reversed or simultaneous. At this time, the leg 18 formed in the recess 17 of the forming jig 15 by causing plastic flow is sufficiently cooled and solidified, and is welded to the surface around the fastening hole 12a of the CFRP member 12. Yes.
Thereby, the procedure which fastens the CFRP members 11 and 12 by the fastening method of the fastener fastening apparatus 10 is complete | finished.

以上のように、本発明の締結方法によると、締結具１３を回転させながら、成形治具１５に押し込むことで発生する摩擦熱によって、締結具１３を塑性流動させ、締結具１３の小径側に凸部形状の脚部１８を成形してＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２を締結することができる。
また、締結具１３の胴部端面１３ｃと成形治具の凹部に発生する摩擦熱によって締結具１３の胴部端面１３ｃの熱可塑性樹脂を加熱するので、エネルギーの集中性が高く、締結具１３の加熱時間、及び冷却時間が短くなり、短い成形時間でより量産性を向上することができる。
また、締結具１３が回転する際に発生する遠心力によって、流動性を持った締結具１３の樹脂が成形治具内に広がるため、ＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２と締結具１３との間に隙間等の欠陥が発生することを抑えることができる。
また、締結具１３が回転する際に発生する遠心力によって、締結具１３の胴部１３ｂと締結孔１１ａ、１２ａの間の隙間に流動性を持った樹脂が広がり、締結具１３とＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２との密着性を高めることができる。
また、摩擦熱が接着剤１９まで熱伝導することで、接着剤１９の硬化時間を短縮することができる。
さらに、ＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２がＣＦＲＰ部材同士であれば、締結具１３とＣＦＲＰ部材１１、１２を分別する必要が無いため、リサイクルする際のコストを抑えることができる。 As described above, according to the fastening method of the present invention, the fastener 13 is plastically flowed by the frictional heat generated by being pushed into the forming jig 15 while rotating the fastener 13, so that the fastener 13 is moved toward the small diameter side. The CFRP members 11 and 12 can be fastened by forming the convex leg portions 18.
Moreover, since the thermoplastic resin of the trunk | drum end surface 13c of the fastener 13 is heated by the frictional heat which generate | occur | produces in the trunk | drum end surface 13c of the fastener 13 and the recessed part of a shaping | molding jig, the concentration of energy is high and the fastener 13 Heating time and cooling time are shortened, and mass productivity can be further improved with a short molding time.
Further, since the resin of the fastener 13 having fluidity spreads in the forming jig due to the centrifugal force generated when the fastener 13 rotates, there is a gap between the CFRP members 11 and 12 and the fastener 13. The occurrence of defects can be suppressed.
Further, due to the centrifugal force generated when the fastener 13 rotates, resin having fluidity spreads in the gap between the body portion 13b of the fastener 13 and the fastening holes 11a and 12a, and the fastener 13 and the CFRP member 11 are spread. , 12 can be improved.
In addition, the frictional heat is conducted to the adhesive 19 so that the curing time of the adhesive 19 can be shortened.
Furthermore, if the CFRP members 11 and 12 are CFRP members, it is not necessary to separate the fastener 13 and the CFRP members 11 and 12, so that the cost for recycling can be suppressed.

（実施形態のその他の例）
第１工程におけるＣＦＲＰ部材は、ＣＦＲＰ部材同士に限らず、ＣＦＲＰ部材と異種材のように、少なくともいずれか一方の部材がＣＦＲＰ部材であれば良い。
第３工程における回転方向は、正逆問わず、逆方向でも構わない。また、締結具１３及びこれを掴持している掴持治具１４の回転数は締結具１３を構成する素材の種類や大きさ、強度、摩擦係数などによって適宜、任意の値に設定可能である。
第４工程は、第２工程又は第３工程よりも前工程で行っても構わないし、同時工程としても構わない。
第５工程における締結具１３の胴部端面１３ｃを成形治具１５の凹部１７に押し込む荷重は、締結具１３を構成する素材の種類や大きさ、強度、摩擦係数などによって適宜、任意の値に設定可能である。
第７工程における停止方法は、制御手段に限らず、ブレーキを使用することで強制的に回転停止を実行しても構わない。
締結具１３の炭素繊維２０は、頭部１３ａから胴部１３ｂに連なる一本のＬ字形状をした連続繊維でなくても良く、少なくとも胴部１３ｂ内のみ連続していれば良く、例えば頭部１３ａ内の炭素繊維は不連続繊維であっても構わない。
(Other examples of embodiment)
The CFRP member in the first step is not limited to the CFRP members, and at least one of the members may be a CFRP member such as a different material from the CFRP member.
The rotation direction in the third step is not limited to normal and reverse, and may be reverse. Further, the number of rotations of the fastener 13 and the gripping jig 14 that holds the fastener 13 can be appropriately set to an arbitrary value depending on the type, size, strength, friction coefficient, and the like of the material constituting the fastener 13. is there.
The fourth step may be performed in a step prior to the second step or the third step, or may be performed simultaneously.
The load for pushing the trunk end surface 13c of the fastener 13 into the recess 17 of the forming jig 15 in the fifth step is appropriately set to an arbitrary value depending on the type, size, strength, friction coefficient, etc. of the material constituting the fastener 13. It can be set.
The stop method in the seventh step is not limited to the control means, and the rotation stop may be forcibly executed by using a brake.
The carbon fiber 20 of the fastener 13 may not be a single continuous L-shaped fiber continuous from the head portion 13a to the trunk portion 13b, and may be continuous only at least in the trunk portion 13b. The carbon fibers in 13a may be discontinuous fibers.

以上説明したように、本発明にかかる締結具締結方法は、例えば、航空機、車両等の軽量で高強度の部材と部材をより強固に締結する際に有用である。 As described above, the fastener fastening method according to the present invention is useful when, for example, a light-weight and high-strength member such as an aircraft or a vehicle is fastened more firmly.

１１、１２ ＣＦＲＰ部材
１１ａ、１２ａ 締結孔
１３ 締結具
１３ａ 頭部
１３ｂ 胴部
１４ 掴持治具
１５ 成形治具
１７ 凹部
１８ 脚部
１９ 接着剤 11, 12 CFRP member 11a, 12a Fastening hole
13 Fastener 13a Head 13b Body 14 Grasping Jig 15 Molding Jig 17 Recess 18 Leg 19 Adhesive

Claims (1)

少なくともいずれか一方の部材がＣＦＲＰ部材である二枚の被締結部材を相互に重ね合わせて接合するにあたり、夫々の部材は１個又は２個以上の締結孔を有しており、該締結孔に締結具を用いて前記二枚の被締結部材を締結する締結具締結方法であって、
前記二枚の被締結部材間に未硬化の接着剤を介した状態で、前記被締結部材を把持する工程（ａ）と、
前記締結具が、頭部と胴部からなる略断面Ｔ字のボルト形状であり、少なくとも胴部が複数の連続繊維を含有する熱可塑性ＣＦＲＰ部材であり、一方の被締結部材上方で、頭部である一端を掴持治具で掴持する工程（ｂ）と、
前記工程（ｂ）後、前記掴持治具で掴持された前記締結具を回転させる工程（ｃ）と、
前記締結孔より大径の凹部を有した成形治具を他方の被締結部材に押し当てる工程（ｄ）と、
前記工程（ｃ）と（ｄ）を成している状態で、前記締結具の胴部である他端を前記成形治具の凹部に一定荷重で押し込む工程（ｅ）と、
前記工程（ｅ）の押込み量又は押込み時間を監視する工程（ｆ）と、
前記工程（ｆ）の監視結果により前記締結具の回転を停止する工程（ｇ）と、
前記工程（ｇ）後、前記締結具の頭部を一方の被締結部材に当接するまで押し込む工程（ｈ）と、
を有し、
前記締結具を回転させながら、前記成形治具に押し込むことで発生する摩擦熱によって、前記締結具を塑性流動させ、前記締結具の他端側に凸部形状の脚部を成形して締結し、さらに接着剤の硬化速度を促進させることを特徴とするＣＦＲＰ締結方法。 When two members to be fastened each of which is at least one member is a CFRP member are overlapped and joined to each other, each member has one or two or more fastening holes. A fastener fastening method for fastening the two members to be fastened using a fastener,
A step (a) of gripping the fastened member in a state where an uncured adhesive is interposed between the two fastened members;
The fastener is a bolt shape having a substantially T-shaped cross section composed of a head portion and a trunk portion, and at least the trunk portion is a thermoplastic CFRP member containing a plurality of continuous fibers. A step (b) of gripping one end with a gripping jig;
After the step (b), the step (c) of rotating the fastener gripped by the gripping jig;
A step (d) of pressing a forming jig having a recess having a larger diameter than the fastening hole against the other fastening member;
A step (e) of pressing the other end, which is the body portion of the fastener, into the concave portion of the forming jig with a constant load in the state of performing the steps (c) and (d);
A step (f) of monitoring an indentation amount or an indentation time in the step (e);
A step (g) of stopping the rotation of the fastener according to the monitoring result of the step (f);
After the step (g), the step (h) of pushing the head of the fastener until it comes into contact with one of the fastened members;
Have
While the fastener is rotating, the fastener is plastically flowed by frictional heat generated by being pushed into the forming jig, and a convex leg is formed and fastened to the other end of the fastener. And a CFRP fastening method characterized by further promoting the curing rate of the adhesive.

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