JP2017078687A - Measuring method and measuring device for no-load loss of permanent magnet type rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Measuring method and measuring device for no-load loss of permanent magnet type rotary electric machine Download PDF

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JP2017078687A
JP2017078687A JP2015207890A JP2015207890A JP2017078687A JP 2017078687 A JP2017078687 A JP 2017078687A JP 2015207890 A JP2015207890 A JP 2015207890A JP 2015207890 A JP2015207890 A JP 2015207890A JP 2017078687 A JP2017078687 A JP 2017078687A
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permanent magnet
torque
measuring
rotor core
load
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豊 橋場
Yutaka Hashiba
豊 橋場
真史 藤田
Masashi Fujita
真史 藤田
上田　隆司
Takashi Ueda
隆司 上田
孝明 廣瀬
Takaaki Hirose
孝明 廣瀬
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a measuring method capable of easily measuring no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine.SOLUTION: According to one embodiment, a measuring method includes the steps of: measuring first torque when a rotor core is rotating with no load with a rotating speed command given to a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine and a first induced voltage induced across an armature coil when the first torque is being generated; changing magnetic force of a permanent magnet; imparting the same rotating speed command with that at the time of generation of the first torque to the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine after changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and measuring second torque when the rotor core is rotating with no load together with a shaft at the same rotating speed as the rotating speed in the generation of the first torque, and a second induced voltage induced across the armature coil when the second torque is being generated; and calculating no-load loss based upon the first torque and second torque, and the first and second induced voltages.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明の実施形態は、永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法、および測定装置に関する。   Embodiments described herein relate generally to a method and an apparatus for measuring a no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine.

回転電機では、近年、高効率化の観点から界磁に永久磁石を使うことが一般的である。永久磁石式回転電機では、永久磁石が回転子鉄心に配置され、この回転子鉄心を取り囲むように、電機子コイルを有する電機子鉄心が配置されている。   In recent years, in a rotating electrical machine, it is common to use a permanent magnet for a field from the viewpoint of high efficiency. In a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, a permanent magnet is disposed on a rotor core, and an armature core having an armature coil is disposed so as to surround the rotor core.

上記のような永久磁石式回転電機の主要な特性の一つに、無負荷損失がある。無負荷損失の主な構成要素は、無負荷鉄損と機械損である。無負荷鉄損は、回転子鉄心と電機子鉄心とで生じる磁気的な損失であり、機械損は、回転子鉄心の風損や軸受損等である。   One of the main characteristics of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine as described above is no-load loss. The main components of no-load loss are no-load iron loss and mechanical loss. The no-load iron loss is a magnetic loss generated between the rotor core and the armature core, and the mechanical loss is a wind loss or a bearing loss of the rotor core.

無負荷鉄損は、例えば、回転子鉄心の熱容量（比熱、比重、体積）と、回転子鉄心の温度上昇値とに基づいて求めることができる。また、機械損は、例えば、永久磁石が内蔵されていない回転子鉄心で回転試験を実施したときの駆動トルクに基づいて求めることができる。   The no-load iron loss can be obtained based on, for example, the heat capacity (specific heat, specific gravity, volume) of the rotor core and the temperature rise value of the rotor core. Further, the mechanical loss can be obtained based on, for example, a driving torque when a rotation test is performed with a rotor core that does not have a permanent magnet built therein.

佐藤、他２名、「低速・大トルク永久磁石形同期電動機の設計と評価」、ＲＭ−１０−１４７、電気学会回転機研究会、２０１０年１０月、ｐ．５Sato, et al., “Design and Evaluation of Low Speed, Large Torque Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors”, RM-10-147, Society of Electrical Engineers of Japan, October 2010, p. 5

上述した無負荷鉄損を求める方法では、温度上昇値を測定するために、回転子鉄心に温度センサを取り付ける作業が必要になり、温度分布を計測した上で各部位ごとに発熱エネルギーを算出しなければならないなど手間が掛かる他、回転することによる周辺空気への熱伝達などが測定誤差になる。また、上述した機械損を求める方法でも、永久磁石が内蔵されていない模擬回転子鉄心を製作して、この模擬回転子鉄心を永久磁石が内蔵された正規の回転子鉄心と入れ替える作業が必要になり、風損を精度よく加味するには模擬ロータの形状を精密に作る必要があるので、費用と労力がかかる。   In the method for obtaining the no-load iron loss described above, it is necessary to attach a temperature sensor to the rotor core in order to measure the temperature rise value. After the temperature distribution is measured, the heat generation energy is calculated for each part. In addition to being troublesome such as having to be measured, heat transfer to the surrounding air due to rotation becomes a measurement error. In addition, the above-described method for obtaining the mechanical loss also requires a work of manufacturing a simulated rotor core without a permanent magnet and replacing the simulated rotor core with a regular rotor core with a permanent magnet. Therefore, it is necessary to make the shape of the simulated rotor precisely in order to take into account the windage loss with high accuracy.

そこで、本実施形態は、簡易に永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失を測定することが可能な測定方法および測定装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, an object of the present embodiment is to provide a measurement method and a measurement apparatus that can easily measure the no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine.

一の実施形態によれば、測定方法は、シャフトを中心にして回転する回転子鉄心と、前記回転子鉄心に配置された永久磁石と、前記回転子鉄心を非接触に取り囲む電機子鉄心と、前記電機子鉄心に配置された電機子コイルと、を備える永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法である。この測定方法は、前記回転子鉄心が、前記永久磁石式回転電機に与えられた回転数指令によって無負荷回転しているときのトルクを第１のトルクとし、前記第１のトルクと、前記第１のトルクが発生しているときの前記電機子コイルに誘起される第１の誘起電圧と、を測定するステップと、前記永久磁石の磁力を変化させるステップと、前記永久磁石の磁力の変化後に、前記永久磁石式回転電機に前記第１のトルク発生時と同じ回転数指令を与え、前記回転子鉄心が前記シャフトと共に前記第１のトルク発生時の回転数と同じ回転数で無負荷回転しているときのトルクを第２のトルクとし、前記第２のトルクと、前記第２のトルクが発生しているときの前記電機子コイルに誘起される第２の誘起電圧と、を測定するステップと、前記第１および第２のトルクと、前記第１および第２の誘起電圧と、に基づいて前記無負荷損失を算出するステップと、を備える。   According to one embodiment, a measurement method includes a rotor core that rotates about a shaft, a permanent magnet disposed on the rotor core, an armature core that surrounds the rotor core in a non-contact manner, and It is a measuring method of the no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine provided with the armature coil arrange | positioned at the said armature core. In this measurement method, the torque when the rotor core is rotating without load in accordance with the rotational speed command given to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is defined as the first torque, the first torque, Measuring a first induced voltage induced in the armature coil when a torque of 1 is generated, changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, and after changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet The permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is provided with the same rotational speed command as when the first torque is generated, and the rotor core rotates with the shaft at the same rotational speed as that when the first torque is generated. And measuring the second torque and the second induced voltage induced in the armature coil when the second torque is generated as a second torque. And the first and It comprises a second torque, and the first and second induced voltage, and a step of calculating the no-load losses based on.

簡易に永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失を測定することが可能となる。   It is possible to easily measure the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine.

第１の実施形態に係る測定装置の概略的な構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of a measuring device concerning a 1st embodiment. 第１の実施形態に係る永久磁石式回転電機の軸方向断面図である。It is an axial sectional view of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to the first embodiment. 永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the measurement procedure of the no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine. 第２の実施形態に係る永久磁石式回転電機の要部の径方向断面拡大図である。It is a radial direction cross-sectional enlarged view of the principal part of the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.

以下、本発明の実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。本実施形態は、本発明を限定するものではない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. This embodiment does not limit the present invention.

（第１の実施形態）
本発明の第１の実施形態について、図面を参照して説明する。図１は、第１の実施形態に係る測定装置の概略的な構成を示すブロック図である。図１に示すように、本実施形態に係る測定装置１０は、トルク測定器１１と、電圧計１２と、算出部１３と、を備える。 (First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the measuring apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment includes a torque measuring device 11, a voltmeter 12, and a calculating unit 13.

トルク測定器１１は、永久磁石式回転電機２０と駆動モータ３０との間に配置されている。トルク測定器１１は、駆動モータ３０から永久磁石式回転電機２０に加えられるトルクを測定する。このトルクにより、永久磁石式回転電機２０は、無負荷運転する。電圧計１２は、この無負荷運転に伴って永久磁石式回転電機２０で生じた誘起電圧を測定する。算出部１３は、トルク測定器１１で測定されたトルクと、電圧計１２で測定された誘起電圧と、に基づいて永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失を算出する。具体的な無負荷損失の算出方法については、後述する。   The torque measuring device 11 is disposed between the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 and the drive motor 30. The torque measuring device 11 measures the torque applied from the drive motor 30 to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20. With this torque, the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 is operated without load. The voltmeter 12 measures the induced voltage generated in the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 during this no-load operation. The calculation unit 13 calculates the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 based on the torque measured by the torque measuring device 11 and the induced voltage measured by the voltmeter 12. A specific method for calculating the no-load loss will be described later.

図２は、永久磁石式回転電機２０の軸方向断面図である。以下、図２を参照して永久磁石式回転電機２０の構成について説明する。図２に示すように、永久磁石式回転電機２０は、シャフト２１と、回転子鉄心２２と、永久磁石２３と、電機子鉄心２５と、電機子コイル２６と、フレーム２７と、ブラケット２８と、軸受２９と、を備える。   FIG. 2 is an axial sectional view of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20. Hereinafter, the configuration of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 includes a shaft 21, a rotor core 22, a permanent magnet 23, an armature core 25, an armature coil 26, a frame 27, a bracket 28, And a bearing 29.

シャフト２１は、軸受２９に回転可能に保持されている。軸受２９は、ブラケット２８に固定されている。シャフト２１の一端は、カップリング４１によって、トルク測定器１１の回転軸の一端に連結されている。なお、トルク測定器１１の回転軸の他端は、カップリング４２によって、駆動モータ３０の回転軸に連結されている。   The shaft 21 is rotatably held by the bearing 29. The bearing 29 is fixed to the bracket 28. One end of the shaft 21 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft of the torque measuring device 11 by a coupling 41. The other end of the rotating shaft of the torque measuring device 11 is connected to the rotating shaft of the drive motor 30 by a coupling 42.

回転子鉄心２２は、シャフト２１の外周部に配置されている。回転子鉄心２２は、例えば、電磁鋼板の積層体で構成されている。本実施形態では、回転子鉄心２２の外周部には、永久磁石２３を挿入するための挿入孔（不図示）が設けられている。永久磁石２３は、磁極の極性が回転子鉄心２２の周方向で交互に反対になるように上記挿入孔内に配置されている。永久磁石２３は、例えば、ネオジム等を含んだネオジム磁石で構成されている。   The rotor core 22 is disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft 21. The rotor core 22 is composed of a laminated body of electromagnetic steel plates, for example. In the present embodiment, an insertion hole (not shown) for inserting the permanent magnet 23 is provided in the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 22. The permanent magnets 23 are arranged in the insertion holes so that the polarities of the magnetic poles are alternately reversed in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 22. The permanent magnet 23 is composed of, for example, a neodymium magnet containing neodymium or the like.

電機子鉄心２５は、エアギャップ２４を介して回転子鉄心２２を取り囲むように配置されている。換言すると、電機子鉄心２５は、回転子鉄心２２を非接触に取り囲むように配置されている。また、電機子鉄心２５は、フレーム２７に固定されている。電機子コイル２６は、電機子鉄心２５に配置されている。電機子コイル２６には、電圧計１２が接続されている。   The armature core 25 is disposed so as to surround the rotor core 22 via the air gap 24. In other words, the armature core 25 is disposed so as to surround the rotor core 22 in a non-contact manner. The armature core 25 is fixed to the frame 27. The armature coil 26 is disposed on the armature core 25. A voltmeter 12 is connected to the armature coil 26.

以下、図３を参照して永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失の測定方法について説明する。図３は、永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失の測定手順を示すフローチャートである。   Hereinafter, a method for measuring the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure for measuring the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20.

まず、駆動モータ３０に適当な速度指令を与え、トルク測定器１１を介してシャフト２１を回転させる。するとトルク測定器１１は第１のトルクＴ１を測定し、電圧計１２が、第１の誘起電圧Ｖ１を測定する（ステップＳ１１）。このとき、電機子コイル２６は高インピーダンスの電圧計１２が接続されているだけで電気的に開放状態となっているので、回転子鉄心２２はシャフト２１を中心にして無負荷回転する。つまり、第１の誘起電圧Ｖ１は、回転子鉄心２２が第１のトルクＴ１で無負荷回転することにより電機子コイル２６に誘起された電圧に相当する。   First, an appropriate speed command is given to the drive motor 30, and the shaft 21 is rotated via the torque measuring device 11. Then, the torque measuring device 11 measures the first torque T1, and the voltmeter 12 measures the first induced voltage V1 (step S11). At this time, since the armature coil 26 is electrically open only by being connected to the high impedance voltmeter 12, the rotor core 22 rotates without load around the shaft 21. That is, the first induced voltage V1 corresponds to a voltage induced in the armature coil 26 when the rotor core 22 rotates without load at the first torque T1.

ステップＳ１１において、トルク測定器１１は、測定した第１のトルクＴ１を算出部１３へ出力する。同様に、電圧計１２も、測定した第１の誘起電圧Ｖ１を算出部１３へ出力する。算出部１３は、第１のトルクＴ１および第１の誘起電圧Ｖ１を記憶する。   In step S <b> 11, the torque measuring device 11 outputs the measured first torque T <b> 1 to the calculation unit 13. Similarly, the voltmeter 12 outputs the measured first induced voltage V <b> 1 to the calculation unit 13. The calculation unit 13 stores the first torque T1 and the first induced voltage V1.

次に、永久磁石２３の磁力を変化させる（ステップＳ１２）。ネオジム等を含む永久磁石は、その温度が高くなるにつれて磁力が低下する特性を有する。そこで、本実施形態では、永久磁石２３が配置された回転子鉄心２２の温度を上昇させることによって、永久磁石２３の磁力を変化させる。   Next, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 is changed (step S12). Permanent magnets containing neodymium and the like have the property that the magnetic force decreases as the temperature increases. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 is changed by increasing the temperature of the rotor core 22 in which the permanent magnet 23 is disposed.

例えば、回転子鉄心２２を、負荷回転させることにより回転子鉄心２２および永久磁石２３の温度を上昇させることが可能である。また、回転子鉄心２２を、無負荷回転の回転速度よりも大きい回転速度で回転させても、同様に、回転子鉄心２２および永久磁石２３の温度を上昇させることが可能である。さらに、電機子コイル２６への交流電流の通電により回転磁界が発生しているときに、回転子鉄心２２の回転を拘束することによっても、同様に、回転子鉄心２２および永久磁石２３の温度を上昇させることが可能である。   For example, it is possible to raise the temperature of the rotor core 22 and the permanent magnet 23 by rotating the rotor core 22 with a load. Further, even if the rotor core 22 is rotated at a rotational speed larger than the rotational speed of no-load rotation, the temperature of the rotor core 22 and the permanent magnet 23 can be similarly increased. Further, when the rotating magnetic field is generated by energization of the alternating current to the armature coil 26, the temperature of the rotor core 22 and the permanent magnet 23 is similarly reduced by restricting the rotation of the rotor core 22. It is possible to raise.

上記のようにして永久磁石２３の磁力を変化させた後、駆動モータ３０にステップＳ１１と同じ速度指令を与え、トルク測定器１１を介してシャフト２１を転させる。   After changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 as described above, the same speed command as that in Step S11 is given to the drive motor 30, and the shaft 21 is rotated via the torque measuring device 11.

すると、トルク測定器１１が、第２のトルクＴ２を測定し、電圧計１２が、第２の誘起電圧Ｖ２を測定する（ステップＳ１３）。このときも、回転子鉄心２２は、シャフト２１を中心にして無負荷回転している。したがって、第２の誘起電圧Ｖ２は、回転子鉄心２２が第２のトルクＴ２で無負荷回転することにより電機子コイル２６に誘起された電圧に相当する。 Then, the torque measuring device 11 measures the second torque T2, and the voltmeter 12 measures the second induced voltage V2 (step S13). Also at this time, the rotor core 22 rotates without load around the shaft 21. Therefore, the second induced voltage V2 corresponds to a voltage induced in the armature coil 26 when the rotor core 22 rotates without load at the second torque T2.

ステップＳ１３においても、上述したステップＳ１１と同様に、トルク測定器１１で測定された第２のトルクＴ１と、電圧計１２で測定された第２の誘起電圧Ｖ２は、算出部１３へ出力されて記憶される。   Also in step S13, as in step S11 described above, the second torque T1 measured by the torque measuring device 11 and the second induced voltage V2 measured by the voltmeter 12 are output to the calculation unit 13. Remembered.

最後に、算出部１３が、第１のトルクＴ１、第２のトルクＴ２、第１の誘起電圧Ｖ１、および第２の誘起電圧Ｖ２に基づいて永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失を算出する（ステップＳ１４）。以下、具体的な無負荷損失の算出方法について説明する。   Finally, the calculation unit 13 calculates the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 based on the first torque T1, the second torque T2, the first induced voltage V1, and the second induced voltage V2. (Step S14). Hereinafter, a specific method for calculating the no-load loss will be described.

永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失と、トルク測定器１１で測定されるトルクＴに関しては、下記の式（１）が成り立つ。式（１）において、ωは、回転子鉄心２２の回転角速度である。   With respect to the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 and the torque T measured by the torque measuring device 11, the following formula (1) is established. In Expression (1), ω is the rotational angular velocity of the rotor core 22.

無負荷損失＝Ｔ×ω ・・・（１）
また、永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失は、下記の式（２）で示すように、機械損と無負荷鉄損との和で求められる。ここで、機械損は、主に、軸受９で生じる損失と、シャフト２１の表面および回転子鉄心２２の表面で生じる風損と、で構成されている。 No-load loss = T × ω (1)
Further, the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 is obtained by the sum of the mechanical loss and the no-load iron loss as shown by the following formula (2). Here, the mechanical loss is mainly composed of a loss generated in the bearing 9 and a wind loss generated on the surface of the shaft 21 and the surface of the rotor core 22.

無負荷損失＝機械損＋無負荷鉄損 ・・・（２）
通常の鉄損は、主に、ヒステリシス損と渦電流損との和で求められる。しかし、無負荷回転では、電機子コイル２６に電流が流れないので磁束密度が小さい。そのため、無負荷鉄損では、渦電流損が支配的になる。また、渦電流損は、誘起電圧Ｖの２乗に比例する。 No-load loss = mechanical loss + no-load iron loss (2)
The normal iron loss is obtained mainly by the sum of hysteresis loss and eddy current loss. However, in no-load rotation, no current flows through the armature coil 26, so the magnetic flux density is small. Therefore, eddy current loss is dominant in no-load iron loss. The eddy current loss is proportional to the square of the induced voltage V.

したがって、無負荷損失は、下記の式（３）で示される。式（３）においてＫは比例定数である。   Therefore, the no-load loss is expressed by the following formula (3). In equation (3), K is a proportionality constant.

無負荷損失＝機械損＋Ｋ×Ｖ×Ｖ ・・・（３）
式（１）〜式（３）により、下記の式（４）が成り立つ。 No-load loss = mechanical loss + K x V x V (3)
The following equation (4) is established by the equations (1) to (3).

Ｔ×ω＝機械損＋Ｋ×Ｖ×Ｖ ・・・（４）
ここで、上述したステップＳ１１で測定された第１のトルクＴ１および第１の誘起電圧Ｖ１と、上述したステップＳ１３で測定された第２のトルクＴ２および第２の誘起電圧Ｖ２と、を上記式（４）にそれぞれ代入すると、下記の式（５）、（６）が成り立つ。 T × ω = mechanical loss + K × V × V (4)
Here, the first torque T1 and the first induced voltage V1 measured in step S11 described above and the second torque T2 and the second induced voltage V2 measured in step S13 described above are expressed by the above formula. Substituting each into (4), the following equations (5) and (6) hold.

Ｔ１×ω＝機械損＋Ｋ×Ｖ１×Ｖ１ ・・・（５）
Ｔ２×ω＝機械損＋Ｋ×Ｖ２×Ｖ２ ・・・（６）
永久磁石２３の磁力の変化の前後で、回転子鉄心２２の回転数が同じであれば、機械損も変化しないので、上記式（５）から上記式（６）を減算することにより下記の式（７）が成り立つ。 T1 × ω = mechanical loss + K × V1 × V1 (5)
T2 × ω = mechanical loss + K × V2 × V2 (6)
If the rotational speed of the rotor core 22 is the same before and after the change of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23, the mechanical loss does not change. Therefore, the following formula is obtained by subtracting the formula (6) from the formula (5). (7) holds.

（Ｔ１−Ｔ２）×ω＝Ｋ×（（Ｖ１×Ｖ１）−（Ｖ２×Ｖ２）） ・・・（７）
上記式（７）に基づいて、比例定数Ｋを求めることができる。その結果、この比例定数Ｋを上記式（５）または上記式（６）に代入することにより、機械損および無負荷鉄損を個別に算出することができる。 (T1−T2) × ω = K × ((V1 × V1) − (V2 × V2)) (7)
The proportionality constant K can be obtained based on the above equation (7). As a result, the mechanical loss and the no-load iron loss can be calculated individually by substituting this proportional constant K into the above formula (5) or the above formula (6).

以上説明した第１の実施形態によれば、永久磁石２３の磁力の変化の前後で、同一の回転数において、永久磁石式回転電機２０に加えられるトルクＴと、永久磁石式回転電機２０から出力される誘起電圧Ｖと、を測定することで、無負荷損失を求めている。このとき、トルクＴは、永久磁石式回転電機２０の外部に設置されたトルク測定器１１で測定され、誘起電圧Ｖは、永久磁石式回転電機２０の電機子コイル２６に接続された電圧計１２で測定されている。   According to the first embodiment described above, the torque T applied to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 and the output from the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 at the same rotational speed before and after the change of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23. The no-load loss is obtained by measuring the induced voltage V. At this time, the torque T is measured by the torque measuring device 11 installed outside the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20, and the induced voltage V is the voltmeter 12 connected to the armature coil 26 of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20. It is measured by.

したがって、無負荷損失を求める際に、回転子鉄心２２に温度センサを取り付ける作業や、永久磁石が内蔵されていない模擬回転子鉄心を製作して、この模擬回転子鉄心を永久磁石が内蔵された正規の回転子鉄心と入れ替える作業が不要になる。よって、簡易に永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失を求めることが可能となる。また、算出部１３が、機械損および無負荷鉄損を個別に算出することができるので、無負荷損失を構成する各損失を精度よく算出することが可能となる。   Therefore, when calculating the no-load loss, a temperature sensor is attached to the rotor core 22 or a simulated rotor core without a permanent magnet is manufactured, and the simulated rotor core is embedded with a permanent magnet. No need to replace with a regular rotor core. Therefore, the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 can be easily obtained. Moreover, since the calculation part 13 can calculate a mechanical loss and a no-load iron loss separately, it becomes possible to calculate each loss which comprises a no-load loss accurately.

（第２の実施形態）
次に、本発明の第２の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態では、測定装置の構成は、第１の実施形態と同様であるものの、永久磁石式回転電機の構成が、第１の実施形態と異なる。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, the configuration of the measuring apparatus is the same as that of the first embodiment, but the configuration of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is different from that of the first embodiment.

図４は、第２の実施形態に係る永久磁石式回転電機の要部の径方向断面拡大図である。図４において、第１の実施形態に係る永久磁石式回転電機２０と同様の構成要素には同じ符号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。   FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view in the radial direction of the main part of the permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 4, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component similar to the permanent magnet type rotary electric machine 20 which concerns on 1st Embodiment, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

本実施形態に係る永久磁石式回転電機２０Ａの永久磁石２３の構成は、第１の実施形態に係る永久磁石式回転電機２０の永久磁石２３の構成と異なる。図４に示すように、本実施形態に係る永久磁石２３は、第１の永久磁石２３Ａと、第２の永久磁石２３Ｂと、を有する。第１の永久磁石２３Ａと第２の永久磁石２３Ｂは、磁化方向Ｂ（図４の矢印Ｂ参照）で互いに重ね合わせて構成されている。また、第１の永久磁石２３Ａの、磁化方向Ｂの厚さと保持力との積は、第２の永久磁石２３Ｂの、磁化方向Ｂの厚さと保持力との積よりも小さい。なお、永久磁石２３は、磁化方向の厚さと保磁力との積が相互に異なる２種類以上の永久磁石で構成されていてもよい。   The configuration of the permanent magnet 23 of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20A according to the present embodiment is different from the configuration of the permanent magnet 23 of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the permanent magnet 23 according to the present embodiment includes a first permanent magnet 23 </ b> A and a second permanent magnet 23 </ b> B. The first permanent magnet 23A and the second permanent magnet 23B are configured to overlap each other in the magnetization direction B (see arrow B in FIG. 4). The product of the thickness in the magnetization direction B and the holding force of the first permanent magnet 23A is smaller than the product of the thickness in the magnetization direction B and the holding force of the second permanent magnet 23B. The permanent magnet 23 may be composed of two or more types of permanent magnets having different products of the thickness in the magnetization direction and the coercive force.

永久磁石式回転電機２０Ａにおいて、例えば、３相交流電流が電機子コイル２６に通電されると、電機子鉄心２５が、回転子鉄心２２の外側に、周方向に移動する回転磁界を生じさせる。これにより、永久磁石２３からの磁束と、上記回転磁界の作用とによって、回転子鉄心２２は、シャフト１を中心にして回転する。つまり、永久磁石式回転電機２０Ａも、永久磁石式回転電機２０と同様に、電動機として機能する。   In the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 </ b> A, for example, when a three-phase alternating current is passed through the armature coil 26, the armature core 25 generates a rotating magnetic field that moves in the circumferential direction outside the rotor core 22. Thereby, the rotor core 22 rotates around the shaft 1 by the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 23 and the action of the rotating magnetic field. That is, the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 </ b> A also functions as an electric motor, like the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20.

以下、永久磁石式回転電機２０Ａの無負荷損失の測定方法について説明する。本実施形態に係る無負荷損失の測定も、図３に示すように、第１の実施形態のフローチャートと同様の手順にて実行される。ただし、本実施形態では、永久磁石２３の磁力を変化させる方法、つまりステップ１２の内容が第１の実施形態と異なる。以下、本実施形態におけるステップ１２の内容について説明する。   Hereinafter, a method for measuring the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20A will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the measurement of the no-load loss according to the present embodiment is also executed in the same procedure as the flowchart of the first embodiment. However, in the present embodiment, the method of changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23, that is, the content of Step 12, is different from that of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the content of step 12 in this embodiment is demonstrated.

本実施形態では、瞬間的にｄ軸方向からｑ軸方向に磁束が抜けるような電流、かつ第１の永久磁石２３Ａの磁化が不可逆的に減少するような強さの電流を電機子コイル２６に通電する。具体的には、瞬間的に大きな直流電流、換言するとパルス電流を電機子コイル２６に通電する。なお、ｄ軸方向は、永久磁石２３の磁極の中心軸方向であり、ｑ軸方向は、回転子鉄心２２の周方向で互いに隣り合う永久磁石２３の磁極間の中心軸方向である。   In the present embodiment, the armature coil 26 is supplied with a current that causes the magnetic flux to instantaneously escape from the d-axis direction to the q-axis direction and a strength that irreversibly decreases the magnetization of the first permanent magnet 23A. Energize. Specifically, a large direct current, in other words, a pulse current is passed through the armature coil 26 instantaneously. The d-axis direction is the central axis direction of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 23, and the q-axis direction is the central axis direction between the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets 23 adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 22.

電機子コイル２６に、上記のようなパルス電流が通電されると、電機子鉄心２５が、永久磁石２３の外側に外部磁界を発生させる。この外部磁界により、保磁力が小さい第１の永久磁石２３Ａは、減磁して磁極が反転する。一方、保磁力が大きい第２の永久磁石２３Ｂは、磁極が反転しない。また、第１の永久磁石２３Ａと、第２の永久磁石２３Ｂとは、磁化方向Ｂに重ね合わせて構成されている。その結果、永久磁石２３において、極性が同じ磁極同士が対向するので、永久磁石２３の磁力は減少する。この状態で、上記パルス電流を逆方向に電機子コイル２６に通電すると、第１の永久磁石２３Ａの磁力は増加するので、結果的に永久磁石２３の磁力も増加する。このようにして、本実施形態では、電機子コイル２６にパルス電流を通電することによって、永久磁石２３の磁力を変化させることが可能となる。   When the above-described pulse current is applied to the armature coil 26, the armature core 25 generates an external magnetic field outside the permanent magnet 23. Due to this external magnetic field, the first permanent magnet 23A having a small coercive force is demagnetized and the magnetic pole is inverted. On the other hand, the magnetic pole of the second permanent magnet 23B having a large coercive force is not reversed. Further, the first permanent magnet 23 </ b> A and the second permanent magnet 23 </ b> B are configured to overlap in the magnetization direction B. As a result, in the permanent magnet 23, magnetic poles having the same polarity face each other, so that the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 decreases. In this state, if the pulse current is applied to the armature coil 26 in the reverse direction, the magnetic force of the first permanent magnet 23A increases, and as a result, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 also increases. In this way, in the present embodiment, it is possible to change the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 by applying a pulse current to the armature coil 26.

以上説明した第２の実施形態によれば、第１の実施形態と同様に、永久磁石２３の磁力の変化の前後で、トルク測定器１１がトルクＴを測定し、電圧計１２が誘起電圧Ｖを測定する。そのため、回転子鉄心２２に温度センサを取り付ける作業や、永久磁石が内蔵されていない模擬回転子鉄心を製作して、この模擬回転子鉄心を永久磁石が内蔵された正規の回転子鉄心と入れ替える作業が不要になる。よって、本実施形態のように永久磁石２３の磁力を変化させる方法によっても、簡易かつ高精度に永久磁石式回転電機２０の無負荷損失を求めることが可能となる。   According to the second embodiment described above, the torque measuring device 11 measures the torque T before and after the change in the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23, and the voltmeter 12 causes the induced voltage V, as in the first embodiment. Measure. Therefore, an operation of attaching a temperature sensor to the rotor core 22 or an operation of manufacturing a simulated rotor core that does not include a permanent magnet and replacing the simulated rotor core with a regular rotor core that includes a permanent magnet. Is no longer necessary. Therefore, the no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine 20 can be obtained easily and with high accuracy also by the method of changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 23 as in the present embodiment.

以上、いくつかの実施形態を説明したが、これらの実施形態は、例としてのみ提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することを意図したものではない。本明細書で説明した新規なシステムは、その他の様々な形態で実施することができる。また、本明細書で説明したシステムの形態に対し、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、種々の省略、置換、変更を行うことができる。添付の特許請求の範囲およびこれに均等な範囲は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるこのような形態や変形例を含むように意図されている。   Although several embodiments have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The novel system described herein can be implemented in various other forms. Various omissions, substitutions, and changes can be made to the system configuration described in the present specification without departing from the gist of the invention. The appended claims and their equivalents are intended to include such forms and modifications as fall within the scope and spirit of the invention.

１０ 測定装置、１１ トルク測定器、１２ 電圧計、１３ 算出部、２０ 永久磁石式回転電機、２１ シャフト、２２ 回転子鉄心 ２３ 永久磁石、２５ 電機子鉄心、２６ 電機子コイル DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Measuring apparatus, 11 Torque measuring device, 12 Voltmeter, 13 Calculation part, 20 Permanent magnet type rotary electric machine, 21 Shaft, 22 Rotor core 23 Permanent magnet, 25 Armature core, 26 Armature coil

Claims (9)

シャフトを中心にして回転する回転子鉄心と、前記回転子鉄心に配置された永久磁石と、前記回転子鉄心を非接触に取り囲む電機子鉄心と、前記電機子鉄心に配置された電機子コイルと、を備える永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法であって、
前記回転子鉄心が、前記永久磁石式回転電機に与えられた回転数指令によって無負荷回転しているときのトルクを第１のトルクとし、前記第１のトルクと、前記第１のトルクが発生しているときの前記電機子コイルに誘起される第１の誘起電圧と、を測定するステップと、
前記永久磁石の磁力を変化させるステップと、
前記永久磁石の磁力の変化後に、前記永久磁石式回転電機に前記第１のトルク発生時と同じ回転数指令を与え、前記回転子鉄心が前記シャフトと共に前記第１のトルク発生時の回転数と同じ回転数で無負荷回転しているときのトルクを第２のトルクとし、前記第２のトルクと、前記第２のトルクが発生しているときの前記電機子コイルに誘起される第２の誘起電圧と、を測定するステップと、
前記第１および第２のトルクと、前記第１および第２の誘起電圧と、に基づいて前記無負荷損失を算出するステップと、
を備える、永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。 A rotor core that rotates about a shaft; a permanent magnet disposed in the rotor core; an armature core that surrounds the rotor core in a non-contact manner; and an armature coil disposed in the armature core; A method for measuring no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine comprising:
Torque when the rotor core is rotating without load in response to a rotational speed command given to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine is defined as first torque, and the first torque and the first torque are generated. Measuring a first induced voltage induced in the armature coil when
Changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet;
After the change in the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, the same rotational speed command as that when the first torque is generated is given to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine, and the rotor core and the shaft when the first torque is generated The second torque is the torque when the load is rotating at the same rotational speed without load, and the second torque is induced in the armature coil when the second torque is generated. Measuring an induced voltage; and
Calculating the no-load loss based on the first and second torques and the first and second induced voltages;
A method of measuring no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine. 前記永久磁石の磁力を変化させるステップは、前記永久磁石の温度を変化させるステップを備える、請求項１に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。   The method of measuring a no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the step of changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet comprises a step of changing the temperature of the permanent magnet. 前記永久磁石の温度を変化させるステップは、前記回転子鉄心を負荷回転させるステップを備える、請求項２に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。   The method for measuring a no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 2, wherein the step of changing the temperature of the permanent magnet comprises a step of rotating the rotor core under load. 前記永久磁石の温度を変化させるステップは、前記回転子鉄心を、前記無負荷回転の回転速度よりも大きい回転速度で回転させるステップを備える、請求項２に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。   The step of changing the temperature of the permanent magnet comprises the step of rotating the rotor core at a rotational speed greater than the rotational speed of the no-load rotation. Loss measurement method. 前記永久磁石の温度を変化させるステップは、前記電機子コイルへの通電により回転磁界が発生しているときに前記回転子鉄心の回転を拘束するステップを備える、請求項２に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。   The permanent magnet type according to claim 2, wherein the step of changing the temperature of the permanent magnet comprises the step of constraining the rotation of the rotor core when a rotating magnetic field is generated by energizing the armature coil. A method for measuring no-load loss of rotating electrical machines. 前記永久磁石の磁力を変化させるステップは、前記永久磁石に外部磁界を加えるステップを備える、請求項１に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。   The method of measuring a no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the step of changing the magnetic force of the permanent magnet includes a step of applying an external magnetic field to the permanent magnet. 前記永久磁石が、磁化方向の厚さと保磁力との積が相互に異なる２種類以上の永久磁石で構成され、
前記永久磁石に外部磁界を加えるステップは、前記２種類以上の永久磁石のうちのいずれかの磁力を不可逆的に変化させるステップを備える、請求項６に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。 The permanent magnet is composed of two or more kinds of permanent magnets having different products of the thickness in the magnetization direction and the coercive force,
The no-load loss of the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to claim 6, wherein the step of applying an external magnetic field to the permanent magnet includes a step of irreversibly changing the magnetic force of any one of the two or more types of permanent magnets. Measuring method. 前記永久磁石に外部磁界を加えるステップは、前記電機子コイルにパルス電流を流すステップを備える、請求項６または７に記載の永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定方法。   The method for measuring a no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step of applying an external magnetic field to the permanent magnet comprises a step of flowing a pulse current through the armature coil. シャフトを中心にして回転する回転子鉄心と、前記回転子鉄心に配置された永久磁石と、前記回転子鉄心を非接触に取り囲む電機子鉄心と、前記電機子鉄心に配置された電機子コイルと、を備える永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定装置であって、
前記回転子鉄心が前記永久磁石の磁力の変化の前後で無負荷回転するために、前記シャフトに加えられるトルクを測定するトルク測定器と、
前記永久磁石の磁力の変化の前後で、前記無負荷回転によって前記電機子コイルに誘起される誘起電圧を測定する電圧計と、
前記トルク測定器で測定された前記トルクと、前記電圧計で測定された前記誘起電圧と、に基づいて前記無負荷損失を算出する算出部と、
を備える、永久磁石式回転電機の無負荷損失の測定装置。 A rotor core that rotates about a shaft; a permanent magnet disposed in the rotor core; an armature core that surrounds the rotor core in a non-contact manner; and an armature coil disposed in the armature core; A measuring device for no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine comprising:
A torque measuring device for measuring torque applied to the shaft so that the rotor core rotates without load before and after the change in magnetic force of the permanent magnet;
A voltmeter for measuring an induced voltage induced in the armature coil by the no-load rotation before and after a change in magnetic force of the permanent magnet;
A calculation unit that calculates the no-load loss based on the torque measured by the torque measuring instrument and the induced voltage measured by the voltmeter;
An apparatus for measuring no-load loss of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine.
JP2015207890A 2015-10-22 2015-10-22 Measuring method and measuring device for no-load loss of permanent magnet type rotary electric machine Pending JP2017078687A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108303648A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-20 广州发展集团股份有限公司 The monitoring device and its monitoring method of generator's motor shaft operating status
CN114076896A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-22 株洲尚驰电气有限公司 Static test method for controlling multipoint loss of permanent magnet synchronous motor by excitation signal

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108303648A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-20 广州发展集团股份有限公司 The monitoring device and its monitoring method of generator's motor shaft operating status
CN114076896A (en) * 2021-11-15 2022-02-22 株洲尚驰电气有限公司 Static test method for controlling multipoint loss of permanent magnet synchronous motor by excitation signal
CN114076896B (en) * 2021-11-15 2023-08-25 株洲尚驰电气有限公司 Static test method for controlling multipoint loss of permanent magnet synchronous motor by excitation signal

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