JP2017049013A - Flow stress characteristics acquiring method for heat exchangers and earthquake-resistance evaluating method - Google Patents
Flow stress characteristics acquiring method for heat exchangers and earthquake-resistance evaluating method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 45
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 50
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 26
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、熱交換器の変形応力特性取得方法、及び耐震評価方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for obtaining deformation stress characteristics of a heat exchanger and an earthquake resistance evaluation method.
原子力発電所等では、核***反応による熱エネルギーを蒸気発生器(熱交換器)に導くことで蒸気を発生させ、この蒸気で蒸気タービン等を駆動している。
ところで、近年の耐震性に対する要求の高まりから、この種の設備における耐震評価方法として種々の方法が提唱されている。そのような方法の一例として、下記特許文献1に記載されたものが知られている。特許文献1には、計測結果や耐震評価対象となる構造物情報のデータベースを用いて評価する方法が記載されている。
さらに、一般的な熱交換器のUベンド部における耐震評価方法として、数千本の伝熱管を例えば数本から数十本に集約した簡易モデルを作成し、この簡易モデルに対して動解析(地震波時刻歴応答解析)が行われている。
In a nuclear power plant or the like, steam is generated by introducing thermal energy from a fission reaction to a steam generator (heat exchanger), and a steam turbine or the like is driven by the steam.
By the way, due to the recent increase in demand for earthquake resistance, various methods have been proposed as earthquake resistance evaluation methods for this type of equipment. As an example of such a method, one described in Patent Document 1 below is known. Patent Document 1 describes a method of evaluation using a database of measurement information and structure information to be subjected to seismic evaluation.
Furthermore, as a seismic evaluation method for the U-bend part of a general heat exchanger, a simple model in which several thousand heat transfer tubes are aggregated, for example, from several to several tens, is created, and dynamic analysis ( Seismic time history response analysis).
しかしながら、上記のような簡易モデルでは、地震波に対して構造物が線形応答を示すことが前提とされている。一方で、実際の熱交換器では、地震波が入力された場合に、構造部材同士が衝突等することが想定される。このため、より精緻な地震波時刻歴応答解析を目指すに当たっては、構造部材の線形特性のみならず、構造部材部材同士の衝突や摩擦等に伴う非線形特性についても考慮する必要がある。 However, in the simple model as described above, it is assumed that the structure exhibits a linear response to seismic waves. On the other hand, in an actual heat exchanger, it is assumed that structural members collide with each other when an earthquake wave is input. For this reason, when aiming for a more precise seismic time history response analysis, it is necessary to consider not only the linear characteristics of the structural members but also the non-linear characteristics associated with the collision or friction between the structural member members.
本発明は上記課題を解決するためになされたものであって、非線形特性をモデル化することが可能な熱交換器の変形応力特性取得方法、及び耐震評価方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining a deformation stress characteristic of a heat exchanger and a seismic evaluation method capable of modeling nonlinear characteristics.
本発明の第一の態様に係る熱交換器の変形応力特性取得方法は、Uベンド部の解析モデルを作成する工程と、前記解析モデルで固有値解析を行い、前記Uベンド部のモード情報を取得するとともに、該モード情報に基づいて固有モードを選定する工程と、前記解析モデルに前記Uベンド部の構成部品のギャップ要素を設定し、この解析モデルを使用して前記固有モードを再現する静解析を行う工程と、前記静解析の結果から変形応力特性を取得する工程と、を含む。 The deformation stress characteristic acquisition method for a heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a step of creating an analysis model of a U-bend part, and an eigenvalue analysis is performed using the analysis model to acquire mode information of the U-bend part. And a step of selecting a natural mode based on the mode information, and setting a gap element of a component part of the U-bend portion in the analysis model, and using the analysis model to reproduce the natural mode And a step of obtaining a deformation stress characteristic from the result of the static analysis.
この方法によれば、Uベンド部の構成部品におけるギャップ要素を設定することで、該構成部品同士が隙間(ギャップ)を介して互いに衝突する状態を精緻に模擬することができる。 According to this method, by setting the gap element in the component parts of the U-bend portion, it is possible to precisely simulate a state in which the component parts collide with each other via a gap (gap).
また、本発明の第二の態様に係る熱交換器の変形応力特性取得方法において、前記変形応力特性を取得する工程では、衝突モデルを用いて前記構成部品同士が衝突する状態、及び該構成部品同士の間に摩擦を生じる状態を解析してもよい。 Moreover, in the deformation stress characteristic acquisition method for a heat exchanger according to the second aspect of the present invention, in the step of acquiring the deformation stress characteristic, the component parts collide using a collision model, and the component parts You may analyze the state which produces friction between each other.
この方法によれば、構成部品同士の衝突を衝突モデルによって解析することから、例えば弾塑性解析を行う場合に比べて、計算負荷を低減することができる。 According to this method, since the collision between the component parts is analyzed by the collision model, for example, the calculation load can be reduced as compared with the case of performing the elastic-plastic analysis.
また、本発明の第三の態様に係る耐震評価方法は、上記第一又は第二の態様に係る蒸気発生器の変形応力特性取得方法を用いた耐震評価方法であって、前記変形応力特性と、予め取得された前記Uベンド部のひずみ量とに基づいて、該Uベンド部の耐震・応力評価を行う工程を含む。 An earthquake resistance evaluation method according to the third aspect of the present invention is an earthquake resistance evaluation method using the deformation stress characteristic acquisition method of the steam generator according to the first or second aspect, wherein the deformation stress characteristic and And a step of performing earthquake resistance / stress evaluation of the U bend portion based on the previously obtained strain amount of the U bend portion.
この方法によれば、非線形特性を考慮した耐震評価を行うことができる。 According to this method, it is possible to perform seismic evaluation in consideration of nonlinear characteristics.
本発明によれば、非線形特性をモデル化することが可能な蒸気発生器の変形応力特性取得方法、及び耐震評価方法を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the deformation | transformation stress characteristic acquisition method of a steam generator which can model a nonlinear characteristic, and a seismic evaluation method can be provided.
[第一実施形態]
以下、本発明の第一実施形態に係る蒸気発生器の変形応力特性取得方法(耐震評価方法)について、図面を参照して説明する。図1に示すように、本実施形態の耐震評価方法は、例えば加圧水型原子炉(PWR:Pressurized Water Reactor)に用いられる蒸気発生器1のUベンド部10の耐震性を評価するための方法である。加圧水型原子炉は、原子炉冷却材及び中性子減速材として軽水を使用しており、この軽水を一次冷却材として用いる。加圧水型原子炉は、一次冷却材を、炉心全体にわたって沸騰しない高温高圧水として、蒸気発生器1に送る。
ここで、蒸気発生器1の具体的な構成について以下に説明する。
[First embodiment]
Hereinafter, the deformation | transformation stress characteristic acquisition method (earthquake resistance evaluation method) of the steam generator which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the seismic evaluation method of this embodiment is a method for evaluating the seismic resistance of the U-bend portion 10 of the steam generator 1 used in, for example, a pressurized water reactor (PWR). is there. The pressurized water reactor uses light water as a reactor coolant and a neutron moderator, and this light water is used as a primary coolant. The pressurized water reactor sends the primary coolant to the steam generator 1 as high-temperature high-pressure water that does not boil over the entire core.
Here, a specific configuration of the steam generator 1 will be described below.
図1に示す蒸気発生器1は、上下方向に延在し、かつ、密閉された中空円筒形状であって、上半部に対して下半部の方が小径をなす胴部2を備えている。胴部2の下端側には水室21が配置され、上端側には蒸気排出口22が配置されている。下半部から上半部にかけての領域には、胴部2の内壁面に間隔をあけて配列された円筒状の管群外筒(ラッパー管)3が設けられている。この管群外筒3の下端部は、胴部2の下半部内の下方に配置された管板(不図示)まで延在している。管群外筒3内には、複数の伝熱管15を有する熱交換器20が設けられている。 A steam generator 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a hollow cylindrical shape that extends in the vertical direction and is hermetically sealed, and has a body portion 2 in which the lower half portion has a smaller diameter than the upper half portion. Yes. A water chamber 21 is disposed on the lower end side of the body portion 2, and a steam discharge port 22 is disposed on the upper end side. In the region from the lower half to the upper half, a cylindrical tube group outer tube (wrapper tube) 3 arranged on the inner wall surface of the body 2 with a space is provided. The lower end portion of the tube group outer tube 3 extends to a tube plate (not shown) disposed below in the lower half of the body portion 2. A heat exchanger 20 having a plurality of heat transfer tubes 15 is provided in the tube group outer tube 3.
この熱交換器20は、Uベンド部10を有する。Uベンド部10は、複数の伝熱管15を全体として半球状を呈するように配列したものである。それぞれの伝熱管15は、曲がり部15Uを有している。すなわち、これら曲がり部15U同士が互いに重なり合うように配列されることで、伝熱管15は全体として半球状をなす。 This heat exchanger 20 has a U-bend portion 10. The U-bend portion 10 is formed by arranging a plurality of heat transfer tubes 15 so as to exhibit a hemispherical shape as a whole. Each heat transfer tube 15 has a bent portion 15U. That is, by arranging these bent portions 15U so as to overlap each other, the heat transfer tube 15 has a hemispherical shape as a whole.
より具体的には、この熱交換器20は、図2に示すように、熱交換器本体11と、振止部材12と、保持部材13と、ブリッジ14と、を備えている。熱交換器本体11は、複数の伝熱管群16を面内方向に直交する面外方向に積層することによって構成される。この複数の伝熱管群16は、同一面内(面内方向)に並設された複数の伝熱管15から構成されている。 More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the heat exchanger 20 includes a heat exchanger main body 11, a bracing member 12, a holding member 13, and a bridge 14. The heat exchanger body 11 is configured by stacking a plurality of heat transfer tube groups 16 in an out-of-plane direction orthogonal to the in-plane direction. The plurality of heat transfer tube groups 16 includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes 15 arranged in parallel in the same plane (in-plane direction).
各伝熱管15は、管状をなす部材であって、それぞれ下端が図1に示す水室21に接続された一対の直線部と、これら直線部の上端部同士を接続する曲がり部15Uと、を有している。 Each heat transfer tube 15 is a tubular member, and has a pair of straight portions whose lower ends are connected to the water chamber 21 shown in FIG. 1 and bent portions 15U that connect the upper ends of these straight portions, respectively. Have.
伝熱管群16は、曲がり部15Uの大きさが互いに異なる複数の伝熱管15を、曲がり部15Uの径が小さいものから順に該曲がり部15Uの外側に向かって配列することで構成される。このとき、上記の各直線部は互いに平行をなしている。これにより、上記のように同一平面内に配列された複数の伝熱管15を有する伝熱管群16が形成される。この伝熱管群16における各伝熱管15が配置される平面に沿う方向を、面内方向と呼ぶ。 The heat transfer tube group 16 is configured by arranging a plurality of heat transfer tubes 15 having different bent portions 15U in size from the bent portion 15U in order of increasing diameter toward the outside of the bent portion 15U. At this time, the respective straight portions are parallel to each other. Thereby, the heat exchanger tube group 16 which has the some heat exchanger tube 15 arranged in the same plane as mentioned above is formed. A direction along a plane in which each heat transfer tube 15 in the heat transfer tube group 16 is arranged is referred to as an in-plane direction.
熱交換器本体11は、伝熱管群16を面内方向に直交する面外方向に複数積層することで構成される。このように伝熱管群16が積層されることで、熱交換器本体11の頂部では、複数の曲がり部15Uが全体として半球状をなすUベンド部を形成する。このUベンド部10は、熱交換器20の上方を向くようにして配置される。 The heat exchanger body 11 is configured by stacking a plurality of heat transfer tube groups 16 in an out-of-plane direction orthogonal to the in-plane direction. By stacking the heat transfer tube group 16 in this manner, a plurality of bent portions 15U form a hemispherical U-bend portion at the top of the heat exchanger body 11 as a whole. The U-bend portion 10 is disposed so as to face the upper side of the heat exchanger 20.
なお、このような熱交換器本体11は、胴部2の内側に固定された管支持板23に支持されている。すなわち、管支持板には、多数の貫通孔が形成されており、この貫通孔内に各伝熱管15が非接触状態で挿通されている。言い換えれば、各伝熱管群16における複数の伝熱管15は、隣り合う他の伝熱管15との間に間隙を形成するように配置されている。したがって、例えば地震や、後述する自励振動によって伝熱管群16に振動が生じた場合、1つの伝熱管15は、上記の隙間を介して他の伝熱管15に衝突するとともに、互いに当接し合った際に摩擦を生じた状態となる。 Such a heat exchanger body 11 is supported by a tube support plate 23 that is fixed to the inside of the body 2. That is, a large number of through holes are formed in the tube support plate, and the heat transfer tubes 15 are inserted into the through holes in a non-contact state. In other words, the plurality of heat transfer tubes 15 in each heat transfer tube group 16 are arranged so as to form a gap between the other adjacent heat transfer tubes 15. Therefore, when vibration occurs in the heat transfer tube group 16 due to, for example, an earthquake or self-excited vibration described later, one heat transfer tube 15 collides with another heat transfer tube 15 through the gap and contacts each other. When it hits, it will be in the state which produced friction.
振止部材12は、面外方向に積層された伝熱管群16の間にそれぞれ設けられている。この振止部材12は、全体としてI字状、又はV字状をなす矩形断面の棒状部材である。振止部材12の両端部には、固定部12aが設けられている。I字状の振止部材12は、Uベンド部10の中央部に位置している。さらに、V字状の振止部材12では、積層される伝熱管群16の間におけるUベンド部10がなす半球の中心側にV字の頂部が位置している。
以上のような構成により、振止部材12は、面外方向に隣り合う伝熱管群16に挟まれるように面内方向に延在している。
The bracing member 12 is provided between the heat transfer tube groups 16 stacked in the out-of-plane direction. This anti-vibration member 12 is a rod-shaped member having a rectangular cross section having an I shape or a V shape as a whole. Fixing portions 12 a are provided at both ends of the anti-vibration member 12. The I-shaped bracing member 12 is located at the center of the U-bend portion 10. Furthermore, in the V-shaped bracing member 12, the V-shaped top is located on the center side of the hemisphere formed by the U-bend portion 10 between the heat transfer tube groups 16 to be stacked.
With the configuration as described above, the bracing member 12 extends in the in-plane direction so as to be sandwiched between the heat transfer tube groups 16 adjacent in the out-of-plane direction.
保持部材13は、Uベンド部10の表面から突出する振止部材12の固定部12a同士を互いに連結する部材である。この保持部材13は、Uベンド部10の半球面に沿って延びる円弧状をなしている。 The holding member 13 is a member that connects the fixing portions 12 a of the anti-vibration member 12 protruding from the surface of the U bend portion 10 to each other. The holding member 13 has an arc shape extending along the hemispherical surface of the U-bend portion 10.
ブリッジ14は、面外方向に間隔をあけて設けられた複数の振止部材12にそれぞれ接続されている。ここで、一部の振止部材12の固定部12aは、他の振止部材12の固定部12aよりも半球面の径方向外側に向かって突出している。ブリッジ14は、この突出部分に接続されている。以上により、ブリッジ14と振止部材12とが互いに接続される。 The bridges 14 are respectively connected to a plurality of bracing members 12 provided at intervals in the out-of-plane direction. Here, the fixing portions 12 a of some of the bracing members 12 protrude toward the radially outer side of the hemispherical surface from the fixing portions 12 a of the other bracing members 12. The bridge 14 is connected to the protruding portion. As described above, the bridge 14 and the anti-vibration member 12 are connected to each other.
このブリッジ14は、Uベンド部10の外周、すなわち、伝熱管群16の半球状の外周に沿って面内方向に延在するように配置された円弧状の部材である。なお、図2では、1つのみのブリッジ14が示されているが、実際には複数のブリッジ14が面外方向に間隔をあけて配置されている。 The bridge 14 is an arc-shaped member arranged so as to extend in the in-plane direction along the outer periphery of the U-bend portion 10, that is, the hemispherical outer periphery of the heat transfer tube group 16. In FIG. 2, only one bridge 14 is shown, but actually, a plurality of bridges 14 are arranged at intervals in the out-of-plane direction.
以上のように構成された蒸気発生器1では、図1に示すように、加圧水型原子炉で加熱された一次冷却水が水室21の入室に送られ、熱交換器本体11の多数の伝熱管15内を通って循環して水室21の出室に到達する。一方、復水器で冷却された二次冷却水は、給水管に送られ、胴部2内の給水路を通って、伝熱管群16に沿って上昇する。この際、伝熱管15内を流通する高温の一次冷却水と伝熱管15周囲の二次冷却水との間で熱交換が行われる。この熱交換を経て冷却された一次冷却水は、出室から加圧水型原子炉内に戻される。一方、高温高圧の一次冷却水と熱交換した二次冷却水は、胴部2内を上昇し、気水分離器で蒸気と熱水とに分離される。分離された蒸気は、湿分分離器で湿分を除去されてからタービンに送られる。 In the steam generator 1 configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 1, the primary cooling water heated in the pressurized water reactor is sent to the entrance of the water chamber 21, and a large number of transmissions of the heat exchanger main body 11 are transmitted. It circulates through the heat pipe 15 and reaches the exit chamber of the water chamber 21. On the other hand, the secondary cooling water cooled by the condenser is sent to the water supply pipe and rises along the heat transfer pipe group 16 through the water supply path in the trunk portion 2. At this time, heat exchange is performed between the high-temperature primary cooling water flowing through the heat transfer tube 15 and the secondary cooling water around the heat transfer tube 15. The primary cooling water cooled through this heat exchange is returned from the exit chamber into the pressurized water reactor. On the other hand, the secondary cooling water that has exchanged heat with the high-temperature and high-pressure primary cooling water rises in the body 2 and is separated into steam and hot water by the steam separator. The separated steam is sent to the turbine after the moisture is removed by the moisture separator.
ここで、蒸気発生器1内で一次冷却水が各伝熱管15内を通過する際には、特にU字形状の曲がり部15Uの内外における流体の流動に伴って自励振動が発生することが知られている。このような自励振動は、各伝熱管群16の間に配置された振止部材12に伝達された後、減衰する。 Here, when the primary cooling water passes through each heat transfer tube 15 in the steam generator 1, self-excited vibration may be generated along with the fluid flow inside and outside the U-shaped bent portion 15U. Are known. Such self-excited vibration is attenuated after being transmitted to the bracing member 12 disposed between the heat transfer tube groups 16.
次に、上述した熱交換器20(Uベンド部10)における耐震評価方法、及び変形応力特性取得方法について説明する。なお、以下で説明する方法は、熱交換器20に限らず、Uベンド部10に類する構成、すなわち複数の配管内外での熱の授受を行う装置であれば、いかなるものにも適用可能である。熱交換器20の他には、例えば復水器がその適用対象として挙げられる。
まず、ステップS1において、Uベンド部10の構成部品をモデル化した構成部品モデル(図4の伝熱管モデル15A、図5に示す振止部材モデル12A、図6に示す保持部材モデル13A、図7に示すブリッジモデル14A)をUベンド部10の図面データ(図面情報)に基づいて組み合わせ、Uベンド部10の詳細解析モデルM(図8参照)を作成する。
Next, the earthquake resistance evaluation method and the deformation stress characteristic acquisition method in the heat exchanger 20 (U bend part 10) mentioned above are demonstrated. The method described below is not limited to the heat exchanger 20, but can be applied to any device as long as it has a configuration similar to the U-bend unit 10, that is, a device that exchanges heat inside and outside a plurality of pipes. . In addition to the heat exchanger 20, for example, a condenser is an application target.
First, in step S1, a component model obtained by modeling the components of the U-bend section 10 (the heat transfer tube model 15A in FIG. 4, the bracing member model 12A in FIG. 5, the holding member model 13A in FIG. 6, and FIG. Are combined based on the drawing data (drawing information) of the U bend unit 10 to create a detailed analysis model M (see FIG. 8) of the U bend unit 10.
ステップS1では、自動生成プログラムが組み込まれたコンピュータを使用し、予め作成された上記の構成部品モデル(振止部材モデル12A、保持部材モデル13A、ブリッジモデル14A、伝熱管モデル15A)に基づいて、管群全体(Uベンド部10の全体)の詳細解析モデルMが自動作成される。そして、ステップS1で詳細解析モデルMの作成した後、ステップS2、及ぶステップS4のそれぞれに進む。
なお、図面データは、Uベンド部10の設計図面などであって、構成部品(伝熱管15、振止部材12、保持部材13、及びブリッジ14)の位置や姿勢(角度、向き)や、構成部品同士の接続部の位置等の図面情報であり、上記の自動生成プログラムに予め組み込んでおく。
In step S1, using a computer in which an automatic generation program is incorporated, based on the above-described component model (prevention member model 12A, holding member model 13A, bridge model 14A, heat transfer tube model 15A) created in advance, A detailed analysis model M of the entire tube group (the entire U bend unit 10) is automatically created. Then, after the detailed analysis model M is created in step S1, the process proceeds to step S2 and step S4.
The drawing data is a design drawing of the U-bend portion 10, and the position and orientation (angle, orientation) and configuration of the components (the heat transfer tube 15, the bracing member 12, the holding member 13, and the bridge 14). This is drawing information such as the position of a connection part between parts, and is incorporated in the automatic generation program in advance.
ここで、図2に示すUベンド部10は、上述した伝熱管15、振止部材12、保持部材13、及びブリッジ14の4種の構成部品の配置と組み合わせが規則的に配列された構成となっている。そのため、各種の構成部品をそれぞれモデル化した部品モデル(12A、13A、14A、15A)を作成し、前記自動生成プログラムに登録しておく。 Here, the U-bend portion 10 shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration in which the arrangement and combination of the four types of component parts, the heat transfer tube 15, the anti-vibration member 12, the holding member 13, and the bridge 14, are regularly arranged. It has become. Therefore, a part model (12A, 13A, 14A, 15A) in which various components are modeled is created and registered in the automatic generation program.
伝熱管15としては、図4(a)、(b)に示すように、図面データに基づいて所定形状にモデル化した複数の伝熱管モデル15Aが、図面データに基づいて自動生成プログラムによりUベンド部10を構成する前記U字形状に組み合わせて配列される。伝熱管モデル15Aは、図面データから取得される主要寸法を入力することにより、FEMモデル(梁要素からなる解析モデル)として構築される。例えば、U字形状の曲げ半径を図面データから読み取って、その曲率に合わせて複数の伝熱管モデル15Aを配置し、伝熱管15の全体モデル(伝熱管詳細解析モデル15B)が作成される。 As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), a plurality of heat transfer tube models 15A modeled in a predetermined shape based on the drawing data are converted into U-bends by an automatic generation program based on the drawing data. They are arranged in combination with the U-shape forming the part 10. The heat transfer tube model 15A is constructed as an FEM model (an analysis model composed of beam elements) by inputting main dimensions acquired from the drawing data. For example, the U-shaped bending radius is read from the drawing data, and a plurality of heat transfer tube models 15A are arranged in accordance with the curvature thereof, and the entire heat transfer tube 15 model (heat transfer tube detailed analysis model 15B) is created.
また、振止部材12としては、図5に示すように、図面データに基づいて所定形状にモデル化した複数の振止部材モデル12Aが、図面データに基づいて自動生成プログラムによりUベンド部10を構成するI字状、又は大小のV字状に組み合わせて配列される。振止部材モデル12Aは、図面データから取得される主要寸法を入力することにより、FEMモデル(梁要素からなる解析モデル)として構築される。例えば、振止部材12のV字状の折曲げ角度を図面データから読み取って、その角度に合わせて複数の振止部材モデル12Aを配置し、振止部材12の全体モデル(振止部材詳細解析モデル12B)が作成される。 Further, as shown in FIG. 5, as the anti-vibration member 12, a plurality of anti-vibration member models 12 </ b> A modeled into a predetermined shape based on the drawing data are used to convert the U-bend unit 10 into an automatic generation program based on the drawing data. They are arranged in combination in an I-shape or a large and small V-shape. The bracing member model 12A is constructed as an FEM model (an analysis model composed of beam elements) by inputting main dimensions acquired from the drawing data. For example, a V-shaped bending angle of the bracing member 12 is read from the drawing data, a plurality of bracing member models 12A are arranged in accordance with the angle, and the whole model of the bracing member 12 (detail analysis of the bracing member 12) A model 12B) is created.
また、ブリッジ14としては、図6に示すように、図面データに基づいて所定形状にモデル化した複数のブリッジモデル14Aが、図面データに基づいて自動生成プログラムによりUベンド部10を構成するように組み合わせて配列される。ブリッジモデル14Aは、図面データから取得される主要寸法を入力することにより、FEMモデル(梁要素からなる解析モデル)として構築される。例えば、ブリッジ14の曲げ半径(曲率)を図面データから読み取って、その曲率に合わせて複数のブリッジモデル14Aを配置し、ブリッジ14の全体モデル(ブリッジ詳細解析モデル14B)が作成される。 Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the bridge 14 is configured such that a plurality of bridge models 14A modeled in a predetermined shape based on drawing data constitute the U-bend unit 10 by an automatic generation program based on the drawing data. Arranged in combination. The bridge model 14A is constructed as an FEM model (an analysis model composed of beam elements) by inputting main dimensions acquired from the drawing data. For example, the bending radius (curvature) of the bridge 14 is read from the drawing data, a plurality of bridge models 14A are arranged in accordance with the curvature, and the entire model of the bridge 14 (bridge detailed analysis model 14B) is created.
また、保持部材13としては、図7に示すように、図面データに基づいて所定形状にモデル化した複数の保持部材モデル13Aが、図面データに基づいて自動生成プログラムによりUベンド部10を構成するように組み合わせて配列される。保持部材モデル13Aは、図面データから取得される主要寸法を入力することにより、FEMモデル(梁要素からなる解析モデル)として構築される。例えば、保持部材13の曲げ半径(曲率)を図面データから読み取って、その曲率に合わせて複数の保持部材モデル13Aを配置し、保持部材13の全体モデル(保持部材詳細解析モデル13B)が作成される。 As shown in FIG. 7, as the holding member 13, a plurality of holding member models 13 </ b> A modeled into a predetermined shape based on the drawing data constitute the U-bend unit 10 by an automatically generated program based on the drawing data. Are arranged in combination. The holding member model 13A is constructed as an FEM model (an analysis model made up of beam elements) by inputting the main dimensions acquired from the drawing data. For example, the bending radius (curvature) of the holding member 13 is read from the drawing data, a plurality of holding member models 13A are arranged according to the curvature, and the entire model of the holding member 13 (holding member detailed analysis model 13B) is created. The
図8に示す詳細解析モデルMは、上述した伝熱管詳細解析モデル15B、振止部材詳細解析モデル12B、ブリッジ詳細解析モデル14B、及び保持部材詳細解析モデル13Bを図面データに基づいてUベンド部10として集合させることで作成される。 The detailed analysis model M shown in FIG. 8 includes the above-described heat transfer tube detailed analysis model 15B, the bracing member detailed analysis model 12B, the bridge detailed analysis model 14B, and the holding member detailed analysis model 13B based on the drawing data. It is created by assembling as.
次に、ステップS2において、上記ステップS1で作成した詳細解析モデルMを使用して固有値解析を行い、管群(Uベンド部10)のモード情報を取得する。 Next, in step S2, eigenvalue analysis is performed using the detailed analysis model M created in step S1, and mode information of the tube group (U bend unit 10) is acquired.
さらに、ステップS3において、ステップS2で取得した固有値解析結果のうち、地震応答スペクトルにおいて応答が大きくなる周波数領域(図9で符号Tの範囲)に存在する固有モードを特定する。なお、この地震波応答スペクトルは、横軸を周期(s)とし、縦軸を加速度(G)として示している。 Further, in step S3, the eigenmode existing in the frequency region (the range of the symbol T in FIG. 9) in which the response is large in the seismic response spectrum is specified from the eigenvalue analysis results acquired in step S2. In this seismic wave response spectrum, the horizontal axis indicates the period (s) and the vertical axis indicates the acceleration (G).
次に、ステップS4において、ステップS3で特定した固有モードのモード質量から図12に示すような1自由度系の簡易モデルM2を作成する。図12中のmはモード質量、Kは図11中のk1(弾性剛性)又はk2(塑性剛性)をそれぞれ示している。
そして、ステップS5において、簡易モデルM2に対して地震加速度を与える地震波時刻歴応答解析を行い、図13に示すような応答波形を得る。
Next, in step S4, a simple model M2 of a one-degree-of-freedom system as shown in FIG. 12 is created from the mode mass of the eigenmode specified in step S3. In FIG. 12, m represents a modal mass, and K represents k1 (elastic stiffness) or k2 (plastic stiffness) in FIG.
Then, in step S5, a seismic time history response analysis that gives earthquake acceleration to the simple model M2 is performed to obtain a response waveform as shown in FIG.
次いで、ステップS6において、ステップS5で取得した図13に示す応答波形を用いて、地震時のひずみ量(応答変位)を求める。図14は、図13に示す応答波形をひずみ量へ変換した時刻歴波形を、レインフロー法等によって、疲労評価線図にプロットしたものである。図14は、横軸を応力繰り返し数Nとし、縦軸に応力範囲Δσ(MPa)として示した図である。このような図14に示す疲労評価結果に基づいて、例えば図15に示すようなUベンド部のひずみ量と応力との関係を求めることができる。 Next, in step S6, using the response waveform shown in FIG. 13 acquired in step S5, a strain amount (response displacement) at the time of the earthquake is obtained. FIG. 14 is a plot of a time history waveform obtained by converting the response waveform shown in FIG. 13 into a strain amount on a fatigue evaluation diagram by a rainflow method or the like. FIG. 14 is a diagram in which the horizontal axis is the stress repetition number N and the vertical axis is the stress range Δσ (MPa). Based on the fatigue evaluation result shown in FIG. 14, for example, the relationship between the strain amount and stress of the U-bend portion as shown in FIG. 15 can be obtained.
ステップS7では、上述したステップS1で作成した詳細解析モデルMに弾塑性の特性を設定するとともに、上記した伝熱管15同士の間のギャップ(隙間)に関する要素(ギャップ要素)を設定する。具体的には、伝熱管15同士の間のギャップの寸法や、該ギャップ内で伝熱管15同士が振動・衝突した際の挙動を規定する衝突モデルを設定する。当該衝突モデルにより、振動・衝突に加えて伝熱管15同士の摩擦による挙動を規定することができる。以上により、弾塑性特性、及びギャップ要素を織り込んだ非線形モデルが定義される。 In step S7, an elastic-plastic characteristic is set in the detailed analysis model M created in step S1 described above, and an element (gap element) related to the gap between the heat transfer tubes 15 described above is set. Specifically, a collision model that defines the size of the gap between the heat transfer tubes 15 and the behavior when the heat transfer tubes 15 vibrate and collide with each other in the gap is set. With the collision model, it is possible to define the behavior due to friction between the heat transfer tubes 15 in addition to vibration and collision. As described above, the nonlinear model incorporating the elastic-plastic characteristics and the gap element is defined.
次いで、ステップS8において、上記の弾塑性特性が設定された詳細解析モデルM1(図10参照)を使用し、ステップS3で選定されたモード形状(固有モードの形状)を再現するための静解析を行う。例えば、管群全体に水平方向の荷重(慣性加速度)を左右させる等の全数モデルで静的な弾塑性特性、及びギャップ要素を織り込んだ非線形モデルによる静解析を実施する。これにより、当該固有モードの形状が模擬される。さらに、上記の静解析を行った結果に基づいて、固有モードの形状を模擬した際の図11に示すような管群(Uベンド部10)に作用する荷重変位特性(荷重と最大変位q、最大ひずみδの関係)を取得する。ここで、図11中のk1が一次剛性(弾性剛性)、k2が二次剛性(塑性剛性)、knが伝熱管15同士の衝突後の剛性、そしてδyが降伏変形をそれぞれ示している。 Next, in step S8, using the detailed analysis model M1 (see FIG. 10) in which the elasto-plastic characteristics are set, static analysis is performed to reproduce the mode shape (eigen mode shape) selected in step S3. Do. For example, a static analysis using a non-linear model incorporating a static elasto-plastic characteristic and a gap element is performed with a whole number model such as a horizontal load (inertia acceleration) being influenced by the entire tube group. Thereby, the shape of the eigenmode is simulated. Furthermore, based on the result of the static analysis described above, the load displacement characteristics (load and maximum displacement q, q) acting on the tube group (U bend portion 10) as shown in FIG. 11 when the shape of the natural mode is simulated. Acquire maximum strain δ). Here, k 1 in FIG. 11, primary rigidity (elastic stiffness) shows k 2 secondary rigid (plastic stiffness), k n is the heat transfer tube 15 rigid after collision of, and [delta] y is the yield deformation respectively ing.
最後にステップS9では、ステップS6で取得された地震時の応答(ひずみ量)と、ステップS8で取得された荷重変位特性(変形応力特性)に基づいて、終局耐力評価(耐震・応力評価)を行う。 Finally, in step S9, based on the earthquake response (strain amount) acquired in step S6 and the load displacement characteristics (deformation stress characteristics) acquired in step S8, the ultimate strength evaluation (seismic / stress evaluation) is performed. Do.
以上説明したように、本実施形態に係る蒸気発生器の変形応力特性取得方法、及び耐震評価方法では、構成部品の弾塑性と上記のギャップ要素とを考慮した耐震評価を行うことで、部材の塑性化と衝突・摩擦とによる応力の非線形特性を精緻に評価することができる。
さらに、局所的に発生する応力に対しても耐力評価を行うことが可能となるので、従来のようにUベンド部の多数の構成部品数を大幅に減らした簡易集約モデルを使用して地震波時刻歴応答解析を行う評価方法に比べて、精度の高い評価を行うことができる。したがって、従来の評価方法に比べて耐震裕度を見込むことが可能となる。
As described above, in the deformation stress characteristic acquisition method and the earthquake resistance evaluation method of the steam generator according to this embodiment, by performing the earthquake resistance evaluation considering the elastoplasticity of the component parts and the gap element described above, The nonlinear characteristics of stress due to plasticization and collision / friction can be evaluated precisely.
In addition, since it is possible to evaluate the proof stress against locally generated stress, the seismic wave time is calculated using a simple aggregation model that greatly reduces the number of components of the U-bend part as in the past. Compared to an evaluation method that performs historical response analysis, highly accurate evaluation can be performed. Therefore, it is possible to expect the seismic margin compared to the conventional evaluation method.
また、図面データに基づいて構成部品モデルを規則的に配列することで、Uベンド部10の詳細解析モデルMを簡単に、かつ短時間で作成することができる。このように、本実施の形態では、試験結果や計測結果に依存しない評価方法となり、設計図面等の図面データの情報のみを使用して評価することができることから、精度よく、かつ簡易な評価方法を実現することができる。 Further, by arranging the component model regularly based on the drawing data, the detailed analysis model M of the U-bend unit 10 can be created easily and in a short time. As described above, in this embodiment, the evaluation method does not depend on the test result or the measurement result, and the evaluation can be performed using only the information of the drawing data such as the design drawing. Therefore, the evaluation method is accurate and simple. Can be realized.
しかも、前記詳細解析モデルM(全数モデル)に基づく弾塑性解析を考慮した簡易モデルM2を作成し、この簡易モデルM2に対して地震波時刻歴応答解析を行う方法となることから、全数モデルに対して地震波応答時刻歴解析を行うといった多大な時間をかける必要がなくなり、耐震評価にかかる時間と手間を低減することができる。 In addition, since a simple model M2 taking into account the elasto-plastic analysis based on the detailed analysis model M (total number model) is created and the seismic time history response analysis is performed on the simple model M2, it is possible to Thus, it is not necessary to spend a great deal of time such as performing seismic response time history analysis, and the time and effort required for the seismic evaluation can be reduced.
本実施形態による蒸気発生器の耐震評価方法では、簡単、かつ短時間で弾塑性、及びギャップ要素を考慮した精度の高い耐震評価を行うことができ、評価手法の精緻化を図ることができる。 With the seismic evaluation method for a steam generator according to the present embodiment, it is possible to perform seismic evaluation with high accuracy in consideration of elastoplasticity and gap elements in a short time, and the evaluation method can be refined.
以上、蒸気発生器の耐震評価方法の実施の形態について説明したが、本発明は上記の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更可能である。 As mentioned above, although embodiment of the earthquake-proof evaluation method of a steam generator was described, this invention is not limited to said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the meaning, it can change suitably.
例えば、本実施の形態では、Uベンド部10の構成部品として、伝熱管15、振止部材12、保持部材13、及びブリッジ14の4種を採用しているが、これらに限定されることはなく、これら4種のうちいずれかでも、或いはこれら4種に加えて他の構成部材の部品モデルを用いることも可能である。 For example, in the present embodiment, four types of the heat transfer tube 15, the bracing member 12, the holding member 13, and the bridge 14 are adopted as the components of the U bend unit 10, but the present invention is not limited to these. Alternatively, any of these four types, or in addition to these four types, a component model of another constituent member can be used.
[第二実施形態]
次に、本発明の第二実施形態について図16を参照して説明する。上記第一実施形態では、線形モデルとしての詳細解析モデルMによる応答評価を行った。しかしながら、本実施形態ではこれに代えて図16に示すように、予め弾塑性特性を考慮した非線形モデルとしての詳細解析モデルMによって地震時の応答解析を行い、この解析から得られたひずみ量に基づいて、応力評価を行う。
[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment, response evaluation was performed using the detailed analysis model M as a linear model. However, in this embodiment, instead of this, as shown in FIG. 16, response analysis at the time of earthquake is performed by a detailed analysis model M as a nonlinear model in consideration of elasto-plastic characteristics, and the strain amount obtained from this analysis is calculated. Based on this, the stress is evaluated.
図16に示すように、本実施形態では、ステップS24において地震時のひずみ量(応答変形)を求めるに当たり、弾塑性特性を設定した非線形モデルを用いる。すなわち、上記の第一実施形態では、ステップS4、ステップS5において、線形モデルとしての簡易モデルを用いて地震時のひずみ量(応答変形)を算出した一方で、本実施形態では、第一実施形態におけるステップS7と同様に、弾塑性特性も非線形モデル上で表現される。言い換えれば、本実施形態では、詳細解析モデルMの静解析と動解析の双方が、非線形モデルに基づいて行われる。 As shown in FIG. 16, in this embodiment, a non-linear model in which elasto-plastic characteristics are set is used to determine the amount of strain (response deformation) during an earthquake in step S24. That is, in said 1st embodiment, while calculating the distortion amount (response deformation | transformation) at the time of an earthquake using the simple model as a linear model in step S4 and step S5, in this embodiment, in 1st embodiment. As in step S7, the elastic-plastic characteristics are also expressed on the nonlinear model. In other words, in this embodiment, both the static analysis and the dynamic analysis of the detailed analysis model M are performed based on the nonlinear model.
より具体的には、まず、ステップS21にて、上記と同様の詳細解析モデルMを作成する。次いで、ステップS22にて、弾塑性特性を考慮した非線形モデルを作成する。ステップS23では、この弾塑性特性を考慮した非線形モデルに基づいて、地震時の応答解析が行われる。ステップS23では、上述した第一実施形態におけるステップ2、3と同様に、固有値解析と、この固有値解析の結果に基づく、評価モードの選定が行われた後、該評価モードを対象として、時刻歴応答解析が行われる。 More specifically, first, in step S21, a detailed analysis model M similar to the above is created. Next, in step S22, a nonlinear model taking into account the elasto-plastic characteristics is created. In step S23, a response analysis at the time of an earthquake is performed based on a non-linear model in consideration of this elastic-plastic characteristic. In step S23, as in steps 2 and 3 in the first embodiment described above, eigenvalue analysis and evaluation mode selection based on the result of this eigenvalue analysis are performed, and then a time history is set for the evaluation mode. Response analysis is performed.
後続のステップS24では、上記ステップS23の応答解析に基づいて、地震時のひずみ量(応答変位)が求められる。さらに、以上の各ステップに並列するステップS25、及びステップS26にて上記ステップS22と同様に、ギャップ要素を考慮した非線形モデルを用いて変形応力特性を取得する。ステップS27では、ステップS24における歪み量と、ステップS26における荷重変位特性(変形応力特性)とに基づいて、終局耐力評価(耐震・応力評価)が行われる。 In subsequent step S24, the amount of strain (response displacement) at the time of the earthquake is obtained based on the response analysis in step S23. Further, in step S25 and step S26 parallel to the above steps, the deformation stress characteristic is acquired using a nonlinear model in consideration of the gap element in the same manner as in step S22. In step S27, the ultimate strength evaluation (earthquake / stress evaluation) is performed based on the strain amount in step S24 and the load displacement characteristics (deformation stress characteristics) in step S26.
このような方法によっても、簡単、かつ短時間で弾塑性、及びギャップ要素を考慮した精度の高い耐震評価を行うことができ、評価手法のさらなる精緻化を図ることができる。 Also by such a method, it is possible to perform seismic evaluation with high accuracy in consideration of elastoplasticity and gap elements in a simple and short time, and further refinement of the evaluation method can be achieved.
1 蒸気発生器
10 Uベンド部
11 熱交換器本体
12 振止部材
12A 振止部材モデル
12B 振止部材詳細解析モデル
13 保持部材
13A 保持部材モデル
13B 保持部材詳細解析モデル
14 ブリッジ
14A ブリッジモデル
14B ブリッジ詳細解析モデル
15 伝熱管
15A 伝熱管モデル
15B 伝熱管詳細解析モデル
20 熱交換器
23 管支持板
M 詳細解析モデル
M1 弾塑性特性が設定された詳細解析モデル
M2 簡易モデル
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Steam generator 10 U bend part 11 Heat exchanger main body 12 Stabilization member 12A Stabilization member model 12B Stabilization member detailed analysis model 13 Holding member 13A Holding member model 13B Holding member detailed analysis model 14 Bridge 14A Bridge model 14B Bridge details Analysis model 15 Heat transfer tube 15A Heat transfer tube model 15B Heat transfer tube detailed analysis model 20 Heat exchanger 23 Tube support plate M Detailed analysis model M1 Detailed analysis model with elastoplastic properties M2 Simplified model
Claims (3)
前記解析モデルで固有値解析を行い、前記Uベンド部のモード情報を取得するとともに、該モード情報に基づいて固有モードを選定する工程と、
前記解析モデルに前記Uベンド部の構成部品のギャップ要素を設定し、この解析モデルを使用して前記固有モードを再現する静解析を行う工程と、
前記静解析の結果から変形応力特性を取得する工程と、
を含む熱交換器の変形応力特性取得方法。 Creating an analysis model of the U-bend part;
Performing eigenvalue analysis with the analysis model, obtaining mode information of the U-bend portion, and selecting a eigenmode based on the mode information;
Setting a gap element of a component of the U-bend portion in the analysis model, and performing a static analysis to reproduce the eigenmode using the analysis model;
Obtaining a deformation stress characteristic from the result of the static analysis;
Of obtaining deformation stress characteristics of a heat exchanger including a heat exchanger.
前記変形応力特性と、予め取得された前記Uベンド部のひずみ量とを比較する工程と、
前記変形応力特性と前記ひずみ量との比較に基づいて、該Uベンド部の耐震・応力評価を行う工程と、
を含む耐震評価方法。 An earthquake resistance evaluation method using the deformation stress characteristic acquisition method of the heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2,
Comparing the deformation stress characteristics with the amount of strain of the U-bend acquired in advance;
Based on the comparison between the deformation stress characteristics and the amount of strain, the step of performing earthquake resistance and stress evaluation of the U-bend part;
Seismic evaluation method including
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