JP2017002540A - Demolition method for structure - Google Patents

Demolition method for structure Download PDF

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JP2017002540A
JP2017002540A JP2015116463A JP2015116463A JP2017002540A JP 2017002540 A JP2017002540 A JP 2017002540A JP 2015116463 A JP2015116463 A JP 2015116463A JP 2015116463 A JP2015116463 A JP 2015116463A JP 2017002540 A JP2017002540 A JP 2017002540A
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detonator
interval
blasting
detonation
amount
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JP6482958B2 (en
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野間　達也
Tatsuya Noma
達也 野間
利宗 宮地
Toshimune Miyaji
利宗 宮地
卓 桑本
Taku Kuwamoto
卓 桑本
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Fujita Corp
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Fujita Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately set a blasting condition to suit progress in demolition work, when demolishing a structure by blasting.SOLUTION: When a structure is demolished by sequentially detonating a plurality of explosive-loaded detonators at a prescribed detonation interval, the following steps are taken: dividing the structure into a plurality of regions; setting an order of demolition for each of the regions; determining the amount of the explosive to be loaded per detonator and a detonation interval among the detonators in each of the regions; and sequentially detonating the detonators installed according to the order of demolition. The amount of the explosive loaded per detonator is reduced and the detonation interval among the detonators is made shorter, as a remaining mass of the structure becomes smaller.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

本発明は、複数の***を所定の起爆間隔で順次起爆させて構造物を解体する構造物の解体方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a structure dismantling method in which a plurality of detonators are sequentially detonated at a predetermined detonation interval to dismantle the structure.

従来、構造物の解体作業やトンネルの掘削作業における発破に際して、爆薬の破壊力を制御して発破を行なう制御発破が行われている。
例えば、下記特許文献１では、トンネルを発破工法で掘削するに際して、切羽面に穿孔した複数の装薬孔（発破孔）に***を取り付けた爆薬を挿入し、***を起爆することで爆薬を***して切羽面を掘削する。この時、複数の素数に基づく起爆間隔で複数の***を順次起爆させることにより、先行する起爆によって生じる振動波と、後続の起爆によって生じる振動波が増幅をもたらす干渉を生じさせないようにしている。 Conventionally, at the time of blasting in a structure demolition work or tunnel excavation work, controlled blasting is performed in which blasting is performed by controlling the destructive force of the explosive.
For example, in Patent Document 1 below, when excavating a tunnel by the blasting method, the explosive is blown up by inserting explosives with detonators attached to a plurality of charge holes (blasting holes) drilled on the face and detonating the detonator. Then excavate the face. At this time, a plurality of detonators are sequentially detonated at a detonation interval based on a plurality of prime numbers so that the vibration wave generated by the preceding detonation and the vibration wave generated by the subsequent detonation do not cause interference causing amplification.

特開２０１３−２３８３６８号公報JP 2013-238368 A

制御発破に際しては、発破によって生じる振動や騒音が所定の基準値以下となるように各種の条件が制御される。
例えば、発破時に発生する発破振動（変位速度）の予想式は下記式（１）で示され、この値が基準値以下になるように段当たりの薬量（Ｗ）等の値が制御される。
Ｖ＝Ｋ×Ｗｍ×Ｄｎ……（１）
Ｖ：変位速度（ｃｍ／ｓ）
Ｋ：発破条件や地盤条件によって変化する定数
Ｗ：段当たりの薬量（ｋｇ）
Ｄ：発破場所からの距離（ｍ）
ｍ：定数、ｎ：定数
なお、「段当たり」とは、１回の同時の***当たりを意味する。 At the time of controlled blasting, various conditions are controlled so that vibration and noise generated by the blasting are below a predetermined reference value.
For example, the prediction formula of the blasting vibration (displacement speed) generated at the time of blasting is shown by the following formula (1), and the value such as the dose (W) per step is controlled so that this value is below the reference value. .
V = K × W m × D n (1)
V: Displacement speed (cm / s)
K: Constant that varies depending on blasting conditions and ground conditions W: Drug dose per step (kg)
D: Distance from blast location (m)
m: constant, n: constant Note that “per step” means per one simultaneous blasting.

ここで、発破によって構造物の解体を行う場合、解体作業が進むにつれて構造物の残存質量が減少し、構造物周辺の地盤の拘束力が低減する。
この結果、解体作業が進むにつれて解体作業の開始時と比較して周辺に振動や騒音が伝わりやすくなるという課題がある。
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、発破による構造物の解体時に、解体作業の進行状況に合わせて適切に発破条件を設定することにある。 Here, when the structure is dismantled by blasting, the remaining mass of the structure decreases as the dismantling work proceeds, and the restraining force of the ground around the structure decreases.
As a result, there is a problem that vibration and noise are more easily transmitted to the periphery as compared with the start of the dismantling work as the dismantling work proceeds.
This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, The objective is to set blasting conditions appropriately according to the progress of a dismantling operation | work at the time of the dismantling of the structure by blasting.

上述の目的を達成するため、請求項１の発明にかかる構造物の解体方法は、複数の爆薬付き***を所定の起爆間隔で順次起爆させて構造物を解体する構造物の解体方法であって、前記構造物の残存質量が小さくなるほど前記***１つ当たりの装薬量を低減させるとともに、前記起爆間隔を短くする、ことを特徴とする。
請求項２の発明にかかる構造物の解体方法は、前記構造物を複数の領域に分割する工程と、前記複数の領域に対して解体順序を設定する工程と、前記複数の領域それぞれにおける前記***１つ当たりの装薬量および前記***の起爆間隔を決定する工程と、それぞれの前記領域に***を設置するとともに、設置した前記***を前記解体順序に沿って順次起爆させる工程と、を含み、前記装薬量および前記起爆間隔を決定する工程では、前記解体順序が遅い領域ほど前記装薬量を少なく、前記起爆間隔を短い値とする、ことを特徴とする。
請求項３の発明にかかる構造物の解体方法は、前記***を起爆させる工程では、複数設置した***の起爆を１つの***ごとに行なう１孔１段発破を行う、ことを特徴とする。
請求項４の発明にかかる構造物の解体方法は、解体前の前記構造物の質量をＶ０、解体開始時の前記起爆間隔をＴ０とした場合、前記構造物の前記残存質量がＶ１となった際の前記起爆間隔Ｔ１が、下記式（２）で表される、ことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a structure disassembly method according to the invention of claim 1 is a structure disassembly method in which a plurality of detonators with explosives are sequentially detonated at a predetermined detonation interval to dismantle the structure. As the remaining mass of the structure decreases, the amount of charge per detonator is reduced and the initiation interval is shortened.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for disassembling a structure, the step of dividing the structure into a plurality of regions, the step of setting a disassembly order for the plurality of regions, and the detonator in each of the plurality of regions. Determining the amount of charge per one and the detonation interval of the detonator, and installing a detonator in each of the regions, and sequentially detonating the installed detonator in the order of dismantling, In the step of determining the amount of charge and the initiation interval, the region in which the disassembly order is slower decreases the amount of charge and sets the initiation interval to a shorter value.
The method for disassembling a structure according to the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that in the step of detonating the detonator, one-hole one-stage blasting is performed in which a plurality of detonators are detonated for each detonator.
In the method for disassembling a structure according to the invention of claim 4, when the mass of the structure before disassembly is V0 and the initiation interval at the start of disassembly is T0, the residual mass of the structure is V1. In this case, the initiation interval T1 is expressed by the following formula (2).

Figure 2017002540
Figure 2017002540

請求項５の発明にかかる構造物の解体方法は、前記起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ以上の場合は電気***を用いるとともに、前記起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ未満の場合は電子***を用いる、ことを特徴とする。   The method of disassembling a structure according to the invention of claim 5 is characterized in that an electric detonator is used when the initiation interval is 30 ms or more, and an electronic detonator is used when the initiation interval is less than 30 ms.

請求項１の発明によれば、発破によって構造物を解体する際に、構造物の残存質量が小さくなるほど、すなわち解体作業が進行するほど***１つ当たりの装薬量を低減させるので、構造物周辺の地盤の拘束力が低減して振動や騒音が伝わりやすくなった場合であっても、周辺環境への影響を低減する上で有利となる。また、装薬量の低減に伴って起爆間隔を短くするので、発破の段数が多くなった際に解体作業時間を短期に完了させる上で有利となる。
請求項２の発明によれば、構造物を複数の領域に分割して、複数の領域それぞれにおける装薬量および起爆間隔を決定するので、構造物の形状や材質などに合わせて装薬量および起爆間隔を決定することができ、解体作業の効率を向上させる上で有利となる。
請求項３の発明によれば、１孔１段発破を行うので多段発破と比較して振動および騒音の発生を低減する上で有利となる。
請求項４の発明によれば、任意の解体状態における起爆間隔を定量的に決定することができ、解体作業の作業品質を安定させる上で有利となる。
請求項５の発明によれば、起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ以上の場合には比較的コストの低い電気***を用い、起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ未満の場合には比較的コストが高いが精密な起爆間隔の制御が可能な電子***を用いるので、コストと作業効率とのバランスを取る上で有利となる。 According to the invention of claim 1, when disassembling a structure by blasting, the amount of charge per detonator is reduced as the remaining mass of the structure decreases, that is, as the dismantling operation proceeds. Even when the binding force of the surrounding ground is reduced and vibration and noise are easily transmitted, it is advantageous in reducing the influence on the surrounding environment. Further, since the initiation interval is shortened along with the reduction of the amount of charge, it is advantageous in completing the dismantling work time in a short time when the number of blasting stages is increased.
According to the invention of claim 2, the structure is divided into a plurality of regions, and the amount of charge and the initiation interval in each of the plurality of regions are determined. It is possible to determine the initiation interval, which is advantageous in improving the efficiency of the dismantling work.
According to the third aspect of the invention, since one-hole one-stage blasting is performed, it is advantageous in reducing the generation of vibration and noise as compared with multistage blasting.
According to the invention of claim 4, the initiation interval in an arbitrary dismantling state can be determined quantitatively, which is advantageous in stabilizing the work quality of the dismantling work.
According to the invention of claim 5, when the detonation interval is 30 ms or more, an electric detonator with a relatively low cost is used, and when the detonation interval is less than 30 ms, the cost is relatively high but precise control of the detonation interval is possible. Since a possible electron detonator is used, it is advantageous in balancing cost and work efficiency.

本実施の形態において解体対象となるダムを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the dam used as demolition object in this Embodiment. 解体領域１２の分割例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of a division | segmentation of the disassembly area | region 12. FIG. 実施形態にかかる構造物の解体方法の手順を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the dismantling method of the structure concerning embodiment. 実施の形態にかかる構造物の解体方法で使用される発破システム２０の一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the blasting system 20 used with the dismantling method of the structure concerning embodiment. 発破システム２０の他の例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the blasting system 20. FIG. ＤＳ電気***およびＭＳ電気***の基準秒時を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the reference time of DS electric detonator and MS electric detonator. 式（２）の具体的な値の一例を示す表である。It is a table | surface which shows an example of the specific value of Formula (2). 解体順序と装薬量との関係の一例を示す表である。It is a table | surface which shows an example of the relationship between a disassembly order and a charge amount.

以下に添付図面を参照して、本発明にかかる構造物の解体方法の好適な実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
本実施の形態では、解体対象となる構造物として、コンクリート製のダムを例に挙げて説明する。
図１は、本実施の形態において解体対象となるダムを示す説明図であり、図１Ａは下流側から見たダム１０の正面図、図１Ｂは図１Ａの紙面左側から見たダム１０の側面図である。
ダム１０は、重力式コンクリートダムであり、図１に示す状態では紙面左側の門柱１００２の一部や門柱間に設けられたゲート等が既に解体されている。本実施の形態では、図１Ａの紙面左側の堤体の一部領域（以下、「解体領域１２」という）を発破により解体する。 Exemplary embodiments of a structure disassembling method according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present embodiment, a concrete dam will be described as an example of a structure to be demolished.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a dam to be dismantled in the present embodiment, FIG. 1A is a front view of the dam 10 viewed from the downstream side, and FIG. 1B is a side view of the dam 10 viewed from the left side of FIG. FIG.
The dam 10 is a gravity concrete dam. In the state shown in FIG. 1, a part of the gate pillar 1002 on the left side of the page, a gate provided between the gate pillars, and the like have already been dismantled. In the present embodiment, a partial area (hereinafter referred to as “dismantling area 12”) of the bank body on the left side of FIG. 1A is dismantled by blasting.

図３は、実施形態にかかる構造物の解体方法の手順を示すフローチャートである。
解体作業者は、まず解体対象の構造物（解体領域１２）を複数の領域に分割する（ステップＳ３００）。領域の分割数および分割線は、解体領域１２の強度や大きさ、形状等により適宜決定する。
本実施の形態では、図２に示すように解体領域１２を６つの領域（分割領域１〜分割領域６）に分割した。
つぎに、解体作業者は、分割した複数の領域に対して解体順序を設定する（ステップＳ３０２）。解体順序についても、各分割領域１〜６の位置や強度、形状等により適宜決定する。
本実施の形態では、図２に示す分割領域１〜分割領域６の順に解体することとした。 FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure of a structure dismantling method according to the embodiment.
The dismantling operator first divides the structure to be dismantled (dismantling area 12) into a plurality of areas (step S300). The number of divisions and the dividing line are appropriately determined depending on the strength, size, shape, etc. of the dismantling region 12.
In the present embodiment, the dismantling area 12 is divided into six areas (divided areas 1 to 6) as shown in FIG.
Next, the dismantling operator sets the dismantling order for the plurality of divided areas (step S302). The disassembly order is also determined as appropriate according to the position, strength, shape, etc. of each divided region 1-6.
In the present embodiment, the dismantling is performed in the order of divided areas 1 to 6 shown in FIG.

つづいて、分割した複数の領域それぞれにおける、***の起爆間隔および１段当たりの装薬量を決定する（ステップＳ３０４）。
このとき、解体順序が遅い領域ほど***１つ当たりの装薬量が少なく、また起爆間隔が短くなるようにする。
解体順序が遅い領域ほど***の装薬量を少なくするのは、解体作業が進むにつれて構造物の残存質量が減少し、構造物が立っている地盤の拘束力が低減することにより、解体作業が進むにつれて解体作業の開始時と比較して周辺に振動や騒音が伝わりやすくなるためである。
上述のように、発破による振動や騒音は、段当たりの装薬量Ｗに依存するので、解体作業の進行につれ１段当たりの装薬量Ｗを低減することにより、振動や騒音を低減することができる。
一方で、ある大きさの構造物を解体するために必要な総薬量は一定であるため、段当たりの装薬量Ｗを低減すると発破の段数が増加する。このため、解体作業の開始から完了まで一定の起爆時間での発破を行うと、発破完了までの所要時間が増大して振動や騒音の発生時間が長くなる。
また、発明者らは、段ごとの起爆間隔が長いと、発破により発生するガスが次の発破までに施工継ぎ目等から逃げてしまい、構造物の破壊力が低減するという課題を見出した。
このため、本実施の形態では、図４に示すような発破システム２０を用いて発破を行う。 Subsequently, the detonation interval of the detonator and the amount of charge per stage are determined in each of the divided areas (step S304).
At this time, the amount of charge per detonator is smaller in the region where the disassembly order is slower, and the initiation interval is shortened.
The lower the demolition order, the smaller the detonator charge amount is because the remaining mass of the structure decreases as the demolition work proceeds, and the restraint force of the ground on which the structure stands is reduced. This is because vibration and noise are more easily transmitted to the periphery as compared with the start of the dismantling work.
As described above, since vibration and noise due to blasting depend on the amount of charge W per step, the vibration and noise can be reduced by reducing the amount of charge W per step as the dismantling work proceeds. Can do.
On the other hand, since the total drug amount necessary for dismantling a structure of a certain size is constant, reducing the charge amount W per step increases the number of blasting steps. For this reason, if blasting is performed with a certain start-up time from the start to completion of the dismantling operation, the time required to complete the blasting increases and the generation time of vibration and noise becomes longer.
In addition, the inventors have found a problem that if the explosion interval for each step is long, gas generated by blasting escapes from the construction seam or the like before the next blasting, and the destructive force of the structure is reduced.
For this reason, in this Embodiment, it blasts using the blasting system 20 as shown in FIG.

図４は、実施の形態にかかる構造物の解体方法で使用される発破システム２０の一例を示す説明図である。
発破システム２０は、発破器２２、分岐器２３、分割領域１に設置される第１の***群２４、分割領域２に設置される第２の***群２６、分割領域３に設置される第３の***群２８、分割領域４に設置される第４の***群３０、分割領域５に設置される第５の***群３２、分割領域６に設置される第６の***群３４を含んで構成されている。 FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of the blasting system 20 used in the structure dismantling method according to the embodiment.
The blasting system 20 includes a blasting device 22, a branching device 23, a first detonator group 24 installed in the divided region 1, a second detonator group 26 installed in the divided region 2, and a third installed in the divided region 3. And a fourth detonator group 30 installed in the divided area 4, a fifth detonator group 32 installed in the divided area 5, and a sixth detonator group 34 installed in the divided area 6. Has been.

発破器２２は専用ケーブルで分岐器２３に接続されている。
分岐器２３は複数の端子２３Ａ〜２３Ｆを有し、各端子２３Ａ〜２３Ｆが発破母線および補助母線を介していずれかの***群２４〜３４の脚線に接続されている。
発破器２２は、各***群２４〜３４が互いに異なる時刻に起爆されるように、所定の時間刻みで起爆用電気エネルギーを各***群２４〜３４に送出するようになっている。分岐器２３の端子２３Ａ〜２３Ｆは、発破器２２からの起爆用電気エネルギーの送出タイミングに対応しており、例えば１回目の送出タイミングには端子２３Ａを介して第１の***群２４に、２回目の送出タイミングには端子２３Ｂを介して第２の***群２６に、３回目の送出タイミングには端子２３Ｃを介して第３の***群２８に、４回目の送出タイミングには端子２３Ｄを介して第４の***群３０に、５回目の送出タイミングには端子２３Ｅを介して第５の***群３２に、６回目の送出タイミングには端子２３Ｆを介して第６の***群３４に、それぞれ起爆用電気エネルギーが送出される。 The blasting device 22 is connected to the branching device 23 by a dedicated cable.
The branching device 23 has a plurality of terminals 23A to 23F, and each of the terminals 23A to 23F is connected to a leg line of any one of the detonator groups 24 to 34 through a blasting bus and an auxiliary bus.
The blasting device 22 is configured to send detonation electrical energy to each detonator group 24 to 34 at predetermined time intervals so that each detonator group 24 to 34 is detonated at different times. Terminals 23A to 23F of the branching device 23 correspond to the timing of sending the electrical energy for detonation from the blasting device 22, and for example, the first detonator group 24 is connected to the first detonator group 24 via the terminal 23A at the first sending timing. The second delivery timing is sent to the second detonator group 26 via the terminal 23B, the third delivery timing is sent to the third detonator group 28 via the terminal 23C, and the fourth delivery timing is sent via the terminal 23D. The fourth detonator group 30 is connected to the fifth detonator group 32 via the terminal 23E at the fifth delivery timing, and to the sixth detonator group 34 via the terminal 23F at the sixth delivery timing. Electrical energy for detonation is sent out.

なお、図４では各***群２４〜３４を１つの発破器２２で発破させるようにしたが、例えば分割領域１の解体後、分割領域１の瓦礫を撤去した後に分割領域２を解体するような場合には、例えば図５に示すように各***群２４〜３４に対してそれぞれ１つの発破器を設置してもよい。
図５では、***群２４に対して発破器２２Ａが、***群２６に対して発破器２２Ｂが、***群２８に対して発破器２２Ｃが、***群３０に対して発破器２２Ｄが、***群３２に対して発破器２２Ｅが、***群３４に対して発破器２２Ｆが、それぞれ設置されている。
構造物の解体を行う際は、発破器２２Ａ〜２２Ｆから順次起爆用電気エネルギーを送出して***群２４〜３４を起爆させる。 In FIG. 4, each detonator group 24 to 34 is blasted by one blaster 22. For example, after demolition of the divided region 1, the debris of the divided region 1 is removed and then the divided region 2 is disassembled. In this case, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, one blaster may be installed for each detonator group 24-34.
In FIG. 5, a blaster 22 </ b> A for the detonator group 24, a blaster 22 </ b> B for the detonator group 26, a blaster 22 </ b> C for the detonator group 28, a blaster 22 </ b> D for the detonator group 30, and a detonator group. A blaster 22E is installed for 32, and a blaster 22F is installed for the detonator group 34.
When the structure is dismantled, the detonator groups 24 to 34 are detonated by sequentially sending out detonation electrical energy from the blasters 22A to 22F.

つぎに、各***について説明する。
第１の***群２４および第２の***群２６はＤＳ電気***２４Ａ〜２４Ｎ，２６Ａ〜２６Ｎであり、第３の***群２８はＭＳ電気***２８Ａ〜２８Ｎ、第４〜第６の***群３０，３２，３４は電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎである。
各***群２４〜３４における***の本数、すなわち段数は同一でなくてもよい。例えば、各***群２４〜３４の段数は、各***群２４〜３４がそれぞれ解体する領域を破壊するのに必要な総薬量を、振動や騒音を考慮した１段当たりの薬量で除した値となる。 Next, each detonator will be described.
The first detonator group 24 and the second detonator group 26 are DS electric detonators 24A to 24N and 26A to 26N, the third detonator group 28 is an MS electric detonator 28A to 28N, and the fourth to sixth detonator groups 30. , 32 and 34 are electron detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N.
The number of detonators, that is, the number of stages in each detonator group 24 to 34 may not be the same. For example, the number of stages of each detonator group 24 to 34 is obtained by dividing the total amount of medicine required for destroying the area where each detonator group 24 to 34 is disassembled by the dosage per stage considering vibration and noise. Value.

ＤＳ電気***２４Ａ〜２４Ｎ，２６Ａ〜２６ＮおよびＭＳ電気***２８Ａ〜２８Ｎは、段発電気***であり、点火部と起爆薬の間に延時薬を挟んであり、通電から一定時間遅延して起爆する。電気***は、絶縁性樹脂で密封した管内に電気的刺激に敏感な起爆薬を装填した構造を持つ。
図６は、ＤＳ電気***およびＭＳ電気***の基準秒時を示す説明図である。
基準秒時とは、発破器２２（図４参照）から電気エネルギーが供給され***が通電されてから起爆するまでの遅延時間（起爆間隔）であり、各遅延時間に対応して段数が対応付けられている。
図６に示すように、ＤＳ電気***では基準秒時が０．２５秒（２５０ミリ秒）〜０．６秒（６００ミリ秒）であり、ＭＳ電気***では基準秒時が２５ミリ秒〜９０ミリ秒であり、ＭＳ電気***の方が起爆間隔が短くなっている。本実施の形態では、先に解体される分割領域１および分割領域２にＤＳ電気***を使用し、分割領域３にＭＳ電気***を使用しているので、解体が進んで構造物の残存質量が小さくなるほど起爆間隔が短くなる。
また各***の段数は、ＤＳ電気***、ＭＳ電気***でともに最大２０段となっている。ステップＳ３００（図３参照）における領域分割は、例えばＤＳ電気***、ＭＳ電気***を使用して２０段以内で解体できる範囲となるように決定してもよい。 The DS electric detonators 24A to 24N, 26A to 26N, and the MS electric detonators 28A to 28N are stepped electric detonators, with a delayed charge sandwiched between the ignition part and the explosive, and detonate with a certain delay from energization. . The electric detonator has a structure in which an explosive sensitive to electrical stimulation is loaded in a tube sealed with an insulating resin.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the reference time of the DS electric detonator and the MS electric detonator.
The reference second time is a delay time (detonation interval) from when the electrical energy is supplied from the blasting device 22 (see FIG. 4) until the detonator is energized to start detonation, and the number of stages is associated with each delay time. It has been.
As shown in FIG. 6, the DS electric detonator has a reference time of 0.25 seconds (250 milliseconds) to 0.6 seconds (600 milliseconds), and the MS electric detonator has a reference time of 25 milliseconds to 90 seconds. The detonation interval is shorter in the MS electric detonator. In this embodiment, since the DS electric detonator is used for the divided region 1 and the divided region 2 to be disassembled first, and the MS electric detonator is used for the divided region 3, the dismantling proceeds and the remaining mass of the structure is increased. The smaller the smaller, the shorter the initiation interval.
Each detonator has a maximum of 20 stages for both the DS electric detonator and the MS electric detonator. The region division in step S300 (see FIG. 3) may be determined so that it can be disassembled within 20 steps using, for example, a DS electric detonator or an MS electric detonator.

また、電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎは、電気***よりも更に精密な起爆間隔の制御が可能であり、電気***に併せてコンデンサと電子タイマを密封している。
電子***には、工場出荷時に予め起爆間隔（基準秒時）の秒時設定がなされているものと、発破を行なう現場で各電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎごとに個別に起爆間隔（基準秒時）の秒時設定を行なうものが知られているが、本実施の形態では、起爆間隔の秒時設定を発破の現場で設定可能なものを用いる。
この電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎは、発破器２２により遅延時間が任意に設定可能に構成されている。
より詳細には、各電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎの導電線には、出荷時に個々の電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎを識別するための識別データを示すバーコードが記載されたタグが付けられている。
発破現場では、電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎを設けた爆薬を装薬孔に装薬（装填）したのち、***順に発破器２２のスキャナーでこのバーコードを読み込む。
さらに、発破器２２と各電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎとを導電線を介して電気的に接続する。
そして、発破器２２は、スキャナーで読み込まれたバーコードに基づいて導電線を介して各電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎに対して、起爆間隔の秒時設定を行なう。
電子***３０Ａ〜３０Ｎ，３２Ａ〜３２Ｎ，３４Ａ〜３４Ｎには起爆間隔を任意に設定することができるので、発破による振動が収束する最小の起爆間隔を選択することにより、１孔１段でも全体の発破時間の短縮を図ることができ、周辺の環境負荷を軽減することができる。 The electronic detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N can control the initiation interval more precisely than the electric detonator, and the capacitor and the electronic timer are sealed together with the electric detonator.
The electron detonator has a preset explosion interval (reference time) at the time of shipment from the factory, and individually for each electron detonator 30A-30N, 32A-32N, 34A-34N at the blasting site. Although it is known that the second setting of the detonation interval (reference second time) is known, in this embodiment, the one that can set the second setting of the detonation interval at the site of blasting is used.
The electron detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N are configured such that the delay time can be arbitrarily set by the blasting device 22.
More specifically, identification data for identifying the individual electron detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N is provided on the conductive wires of the electron detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N at the time of shipment. A tag with a bar code is attached.
At the blasting site, after the explosives provided with the electron detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N are loaded (loaded) into the charge holes, the barcode is read by the scanner of the blasting device 22 in the order of blasting.
Furthermore, the blasting device 22 and each electron detonator 30A-30N, 32A-32N, 34A-34N are electrically connected through a conductive wire.
Then, the blasting device 22 sets the initiation interval in seconds for each of the electron detonators 30A to 30N, 32A to 32N, and 34A to 34N via the conductive wires based on the barcode read by the scanner.
Since the electron detonator 30A-30N, 32A-32N, and 34A-34N can be set arbitrarily, the minimum detonation interval at which the vibration due to blasting converges can be selected to achieve the entire The blasting time can be shortened and the environmental load in the vicinity can be reduced.

なお、各領域に設定した起爆間隔が例えば３０ｍｓ以上の場合は電気***（ＤＳ電気***またはＭＳ電気***）を用いるとともに、起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ未満の場合は電子***を用いるようにする。電子***は電気***よりも更に精密な起爆間隔の制御が可能であるが、電気***の数倍の価格であり、多用するとコストが上昇する。
電気***と電子***とを使い分けることによって、コストの上昇を抑えつつ解体作業の効率を向上させることができる。 For example, when the detonation interval set in each region is 30 ms or more, an electric detonator (DS electric detonator or MS electric detonator) is used, and when the detonation interval is less than 30 ms, an electronic detonator is used. The electron detonator can control the detonation interval more precisely than the electric detonator, but it is several times the price of the electric detonator, and the cost increases when it is used frequently.
By properly using the electric detonator and the electronic detonator, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the dismantling work while suppressing an increase in cost.

電子***に設定する起爆間隔は、解体順序が遅い領域に配置する***ほど短くすればよい。
具体的には、例えば解体前の構造物の質量をＶ０、解体開始時の起爆間隔をＴ０とした場合、構造物の残存質量がＶ１となった際の起爆間隔Ｔ１が、下記式（２）で表されるようにしてもよい。 The detonation interval set for the electronic detonator may be made shorter for detonators arranged in a region where the order of dismantling is slower.
Specifically, for example, when the mass of the structure before disassembly is V0 and the initiation interval at the start of disassembly is T0, the initiation interval T1 when the remaining mass of the structure is V1 is expressed by the following formula (2). It may be expressed as

Figure 2017002540
Figure 2017002540

図７は、上記式（２）の具体的な値の一例を示す表である。
図７では、解体前の構造物の質量Ｖ０を１００％とし、残存質量Ｖ１が１０％変化するごとの起爆間隔Ｔ１を示した。なお、解体開始時の起爆間隔Ｔ０（起爆間隔の初期値）は、ＤＳ電気***の最初の起爆間隔である０．２５秒（２５０ミリ秒）とした。
上記式（２）に従えば、例えば構造物の４分の１の解体が済んだ場合（残存質量７５）には起爆間隔を１２５ミリ秒程度とし、構造物の半分の解体が済んだ場合（残存質量５０）には起爆間隔を２５ミリ秒程度とすればよい。 FIG. 7 is a table showing an example of specific values of the formula (2).
In FIG. 7, the detonation interval T1 is shown every time the remaining mass V1 changes by 10% with the mass V0 of the structure before dismantling as 100%. The initiation interval T0 (initial value of the initiation interval) at the start of dismantling was set to 0.25 seconds (250 milliseconds), which is the first initiation interval of the DS electric detonator.
According to the above formula (2), for example, when a quarter of the structure is disassembled (residual mass 75), the initiation interval is set to about 125 milliseconds, and half of the structure is disassembled ( For the remaining mass 50), the initiation interval may be about 25 milliseconds.

また、上述したように、***１つ当たりの装薬量は解体順序が遅い領域ほど少なくする。
図８は、解体順序と装薬量との関係の一例を示す表である。
図８には、解体領域１２の各分割領域を示す領域番号と、当該領域における１段当たりの装薬量と、当該領域における起爆間隔と、当該領域に用いる***の種類が示されている。
最も解体順序が早い分割領域１における１段当たりの装薬量を１００とすると、分割領域２における装薬量を９０、分割領域３における装薬量を８０、分割領域４における装薬量を７０、分割領域５における装薬量を６０、分割領域６における装薬量を５０と、徐々に低減させていく。
これにより、解体の進行による地盤環境変化に合わせて１段当たりの振動および騒音を低減し、周辺環境への影響を低減することができる。 Further, as described above, the amount of charge per detonator is reduced in a region where the order of dismantling is slower.
FIG. 8 is a table showing an example of the relationship between the disassembly order and the charge amount.
FIG. 8 shows a region number indicating each divided region of the dismantling region 12, a charge amount per stage in the region, an initiation interval in the region, and a type of detonator used in the region.
Assuming that the charge amount per stage in the divided region 1 with the earliest disassembly order is 100, the charged amount in the divided region 2 is 90, the charged amount in the divided region 3 is 80, and the charged amount in the divided region 4 is 70. The amount of charge in the divided region 5 is gradually reduced to 60, and the amount of charge in the divided region 6 is gradually reduced to 50.
As a result, vibration and noise per stage can be reduced in accordance with changes in the ground environment due to the progress of dismantling, and the influence on the surrounding environment can be reduced.

また、各分割領域における起爆間隔は、分割領域１および２における起爆間隔を２５０ミリ秒〜６００ミリ秒、分割領域２における起爆間隔を２５ミリ秒〜９０ミリ秒、分割領域４における起爆間隔を２５ミリ秒、分割領域５および６における起爆間隔を１５ミリ秒とした。   In addition, the initiation interval in each divided area is 250 to 600 milliseconds in the divided areas 1 and 2, the initiation interval in the divided area 2 is 25 to 90 milliseconds, and the initiation interval in the divided area 4 is 25. The initiation interval in the divided areas 5 and 6 was 15 milliseconds.

図３の説明に戻り、ステップＳ３０４で決定した装薬量および起爆間隔に沿ってそれぞれの分割領域に***を設置し（ステップＳ３０６）、設置した***を解体順序に沿って順次起爆させて（ステップＳ３０８）、本フローチャートによる処理を終了する。
このような解体作業の結果、例えば分割領域５および６（起爆間隔１５ミリ秒）における振動レベルは５９ｄＢであり、ＭＳ電気***（起爆間隔２５ミリ秒〜９０ミリ秒）を用いて同様の構造物を解体した場合の振動レベルである７５ｄＢと比較して振動レベルを低減することができた。 Returning to the description of FIG. 3, detonators are installed in the respective divided regions along the charge amount and initiation interval determined in step S304 (step S306), and the installed detonators are sequentially detonated in the order of disassembly (step S306). S308), the process according to this flowchart is terminated.
As a result of such dismantling work, for example, the vibration level in the divided areas 5 and 6 (detonation interval 15 milliseconds) is 59 dB, and a similar structure is used using an MS electric detonator (detonation interval 25 milliseconds to 90 milliseconds). The vibration level could be reduced compared to 75 dB, which is the vibration level when dismantling.

以上説明したように、実施の形態にかかる構造物の解体方法は、発破によって構造物を解体する際に、構造物の残存質量が小さくなるほど、すなわち解体作業が進行するほど***１つ当たりの装薬量を低減させるので、構造物周辺の地盤の拘束力が低減して振動や騒音が伝わりやすくなった場合であっても、周辺環境への影響を低減する上で有利となる。
また、装薬量の低減に伴って起爆間隔を短くするので、発破の段数が多くなった際に解体作業時間を短期に完了させる上で有利となる。
また、解体対象の構造物を複数の領域に分割して、複数の領域それぞれにおける装薬量および起爆間隔を決定するので、構造物の形状や材質などに合わせて装薬量および起爆間隔を決定することができ、解体作業の効率を向上させる上で有利となる。
また、１孔１段発破を行うことにより、多段発破と比較して振動および騒音の発生を低減する上で有利となる。
また、上記式（２）を用いることにより、任意の解体状態における起爆間隔を定量的に決定することができ、解体作業の作業品質を安定させる上で有利となる。
また、起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ以上の場合には比較的コストの低い電気***を用い、起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ未満の場合には比較的コストが高いが精密な起爆間隔の制御が可能な電子***を用いることにより、コストと作業効率とのバランスを取る上で有利となる。 As described above, the method for disassembling a structure according to the embodiment, when disassembling the structure by blasting, the smaller the remaining mass of the structure, that is, the more the dismantling work proceeds, Since the dose is reduced, even if the restraining force of the ground around the structure is reduced and vibration and noise are easily transmitted, it is advantageous in reducing the influence on the surrounding environment.
Further, since the initiation interval is shortened along with the reduction of the amount of charge, it is advantageous in completing the dismantling work time in a short time when the number of blasting stages is increased.
Also, the structure to be dismantled is divided into multiple areas, and the charge amount and initiation interval in each of the multiple areas are determined, so the charge amount and initiation interval are determined according to the shape and material of the structure. This is advantageous in improving the efficiency of the dismantling work.
Also, performing one-stage, one-stage blasting is advantageous in reducing the generation of vibration and noise compared to multistage blasting.
Further, by using the above formula (2), the initiation interval in an arbitrary dismantling state can be determined quantitatively, which is advantageous in stabilizing the work quality of the dismantling work.
In addition, when the detonation interval is 30 ms or more, use an electric detonator with a relatively low cost. When the detonation interval is less than 30 ms, use an electronic detonator that is relatively expensive but capable of precise control of the detonation interval. This is advantageous in balancing the cost and work efficiency.

なお、本実施の形態では、解体対象の構造物を複数の領域に分割し、各分割領域内における***の装薬量および起爆間隔は同一としたが、これに限らず、例えば解体対象の構造物の全領域に渡って、連続的に装薬量および起爆間隔を変化させるようにしてもよい。この場合にも、構造物の残存質量が小さくなるほど***１つ当たりの装薬量を低減させるとともに、起爆間隔を短くする。   In this embodiment, the structure to be dismantled is divided into a plurality of regions, and the charge amount and detonation interval of the detonator in each divided region are the same. You may make it change a charge amount and an initiation interval continuously over the whole area | region of a thing. Also in this case, as the remaining mass of the structure becomes smaller, the amount of charge per detonator is reduced and the initiation interval is shortened.

１０……ダム、１２……解体領域、２０……発破システム、２２（２２Ａ-２２Ｆ）……発破器、２３……分岐器、３０Ａ-３０Ｎ，３２Ａ-３２Ｎ，３４Ａ-３４Ｎ……電子***、２４Ａ-２４Ｎ，２６Ａ-２６Ｎ……ＤＳ電気***、２８Ａ-２８Ｎ……ＭＳ電気***。   10 ... Dam, 12 ... Demolition area, 20 ... Blasting system, 22 (22A-22F) ... Blaster, 23 ... Branch, 30A-30N, 32A-32N, 34A-34N ... Electronic detonator, 24A-24N, 26A-26N ... DS electric detonator, 28A-28N ... MS electric detonator.

Claims (5)

複数の爆薬付き***を所定の起爆間隔で順次起爆させて構造物を解体する構造物の解体方法であって、
前記構造物の残存質量が小さくなるほど前記***１つ当たりの装薬量を低減させるとともに、前記起爆間隔を短くする、
ことを特徴とする構造物の解体方法。 A structure dismantling method in which a plurality of detonators with explosives are sequentially detonated at a predetermined detonation interval to dismantle the structure,
As the remaining mass of the structure is reduced, the amount of charge per detonator is reduced and the initiation interval is shortened.
A structure dismantling method characterized by the above. 前記構造物を複数の領域に分割する工程と、
前記複数の領域に対して解体順序を設定する工程と、
前記複数の領域それぞれにおける前記***１つ当たりの装薬量および前記***の起爆間隔を決定する工程と、
それぞれの前記領域に***を設置するとともに、設置した前記***を前記解体順序に沿って順次起爆させる工程と、を含み、
前記装薬量および前記起爆間隔を決定する工程では、前記解体順序が遅い領域ほど前記装薬量を少なく、前記起爆間隔を短い値とする、
ことを特徴とする請求項１記載の構造物の解体方法。 Dividing the structure into a plurality of regions;
Setting a disassembly order for the plurality of regions;
Determining the amount of charge per detonator in each of the plurality of regions and the detonation interval of the detonator;
And installing a detonator in each of the regions, and sequentially detonating the installed detonator along the disassembly sequence,
In the step of determining the amount of charge and the initiation interval, the region in which the disassembly order is slower decreases the amount of charge, and the initiation interval is a short value.
The method for disassembling a structure according to claim 1. 前記***を起爆させる工程では、複数設置した***の起爆を１つの***ごとに行なう１孔１段発破を行う、
ことを特徴とする請求項２記載の構造物の解体方法。 In the step of detonating the detonator, one-hole one-stage blasting is performed in which a plurality of detonators are detonated for each detonator.
The method for disassembling a structure according to claim 2. 解体前の前記構造物の質量をＶ０、解体開始時の前記起爆間隔をＴ０とした場合、前記構造物の前記残存質量がＶ１となった際の前記起爆間隔Ｔ１が、下記式（１）で表される、
ことを特徴とする請求項１から３のいずれか１項記載の構造物の解体方法。
Figure 2017002540
 When the mass of the structure before disassembly is V0 and the initiation interval at the start of disassembly is T0, the initiation interval T1 when the remaining mass of the structure is V1 is expressed by the following formula (1). expressed,
The method for disassembling a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
Figure 2017002540
 前記起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ以上の場合は電気***を用いるとともに、前記起爆間隔が３０ｍｓ未満の場合は電子***を用いる、
ことを特徴とする請求項１から４の何れか１項記載の構造物の解体方法。 When the detonation interval is 30 ms or more, an electric detonator is used, and when the detonation interval is less than 30 ms, an electronic detonator is used.
The method for disassembling a structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein:
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JPS6318120B2 (en) * 1983-03-14 1988-04-16 Nippon Kayaku Kk
JP2010133675A (en) * 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 Kacoh Co Ltd Method of controlling blasting
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US4406226A (en) * 1980-12-09 1983-09-27 Cxa Ltd./Cxa Ltee Non-electric delay blasting method
JPS6318120B2 (en) * 1983-03-14 1988-04-16 Nippon Kayaku Kk
JP2010133675A (en) * 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 Kacoh Co Ltd Method of controlling blasting
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