JP2016217407A - Universal joint - Google Patents

Universal joint Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2016217407A
JP2016217407A JP2015101251A JP2015101251A JP2016217407A JP 2016217407 A JP2016217407 A JP 2016217407A JP 2015101251 A JP2015101251 A JP 2015101251A JP 2015101251 A JP2015101251 A JP 2015101251A JP 2016217407 A JP2016217407 A JP 2016217407A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
outer ring
ring cup
shaft
universal joint
inner bottom
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Pending
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JP2015101251A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
進藤　勇
Isamu Shindo
勇 進藤
松尾　勇也
Yuuya Matsuo
勇也 松尾
陽平 三浦
Yohei Miura
陽平 三浦
藤本　尚樹
Naoki Fujimoto
尚樹 藤本
黒田　智之
Tomoyuki Kuroda
智之 黒田
公平 山本
Kohei Yamamoto
公平 山本
宏和 今水
Hirokazu Imamizu
宏和 今水
侑也 岡本
Yuya Okamoto
侑也 岡本
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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Priority to JP2015101251A priority Critical patent/JP2016217407A/en
Publication of JP2016217407A publication Critical patent/JP2016217407A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/581—Raceways; Race rings integral with other parts, e.g. with housings or machine elements such as shafts or gear wheels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/382—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another constructional details of other than the intermediate member
    • F16D3/385—Bearing cup; Bearing construction; Bearing seal; Mounting of bearing on the intermediate member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/38—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another
    • F16D3/40—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes
    • F16D3/41—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected with a single intermediate member with trunnions or bearings arranged on two axes perpendicular to one another with intermediate member provided with two pairs of outwardly-directed trunnions on intersecting axes with ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/08—Details or arrangements of sealings not provided for in group F16D3/84

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a universal joint which has no risk of skew occurrence and which can simplify the structure of a bearing.SOLUTION: A first universal joint 4 includes: a joint cross 30 for connecting first yokes 21 with each other; and first bearings 41 for connecting a first arm part 23 of the first yoke 21 and a first shaft part 31 of the joint cross 30. The first bearing 41 includes: a bottomed outer ring cup 50 fitted in a first fitting hole 23a of the first arm part 23, and including a cylindrical part 52 in which the first shaft part 31 is inserted; and a plurality of balls 60 accommodated in a single row inside the outer ring cup 50. On the outer periphery of an axial direction end part 36b of the first shaft part 31 of the joint cross 30, a raceway surface 37 is provided opening toward an inner bottom surface 51a side of the outer ring cup 50. The plurality of balls 60 are, in a state of being in contact with the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50, interposed rollably between the raceway surface 37 of the first shaft part 31 of the joint cross 30 and an inner peripheral surface 52b comprising a cylindrical surface of the cylindrical part 52.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

この発明は、自在継手に関する。   The present invention relates to a universal joint.

下記特許文献１〜３には、転動体としてニードルローラを単独で用いたり、ニードルローラとボールとを併用したりする軸受が開示されている。
下記特許文献４には、ボールのみを転動体として含む軸受が開示されている。この軸受では、複数のボールが、十字軸のトラニオンの外周面に設けられた内輪軌道溝と外輪カップの円筒部の内周面に設けられた外輪軌道溝との間に介在している。 Patent Documents 1 to 3 below disclose a bearing that uses a needle roller alone as a rolling element or uses both a needle roller and a ball.
Patent Document 4 listed below discloses a bearing including only balls as rolling elements. In this bearing, a plurality of balls are interposed between an inner ring raceway groove provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cross shaft trunnion and an outer ring raceway groove provided on the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion of the outer ring cup.

特開平２−１８０３１６号公報JP-A-2-180316 特開２００７−２３９９５３号公報JP 2007-239953 A 特開２００７−７８１３６号公報JP 2007-78136 A 特開２０１０−１１２４１８号公報JP 2010-112418 A

特許文献１〜３に記載の自在継手に用いられる軸受では、十字軸の軸部を受けるニードルローラにスキューが発生することがある。スキューとは、ニードルローラが軸部の軸方向に対して傾くことである。スキューが発生すると、ニードルローラは、外輪カップ内で軸部の軸方向に移動して外輪カップの内底面に接触し、ニードルローラがスムーズに転動しなくなるおそれがある。   In the bearings used in the universal joints described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, skew may occur in the needle roller that receives the shaft portion of the cross shaft. The skew is that the needle roller is inclined with respect to the axial direction of the shaft portion. When the skew occurs, the needle roller moves in the axial direction of the shaft portion in the outer ring cup and comes into contact with the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup, and the needle roller may not roll smoothly.

転動体としてボールのみを用いる特許文献４では、外輪カップの円筒部および軸部の外周面の両方に軌道溝が加工されており、軸受の構造が複雑である。
この発明は、スキューの発生のおそれがなく軸受の構造を簡素化することができる自在継手を提供することを目的とする。 In Patent Document 4 in which only balls are used as rolling elements, raceway grooves are formed on both the cylindrical portion of the outer ring cup and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft portion, and the structure of the bearing is complicated.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a universal joint that can simplify the structure of a bearing without the risk of skew.

請求項１記載の発明は、嵌合孔（２３ａ，２５ａ）が形成された一対の腕部（２３，２５）をそれぞれ含む一対のヨーク（２１，２２）と、４つの軸部（３１，３２）を含み、前記ヨーク同士を連結する十字軸（３０）と、前記ヨークの前記腕部と前記十字軸の前記軸部とを連結する軸受（４１，４２）と、を備え、前記軸受は、前記腕部の前記嵌合孔に嵌合され前記軸部が挿入される円筒部（５２）を含む有底の外輪カップ（５０）と、前記外輪カップ内に単列で収容された複数のボール（６０）と、を含み、前記十字軸の前記軸部の軸方向端部（３６ｂ）の外周には、前記外輪カップの内底面（５１ａ）側に向かって開く軌道面（３７；３７Ｐ）が設けられており、前記複数のボールは、前記外輪カップの前記内底面と接触した状態で、前記十字軸の前記軸部の前記軌道面と、前記外輪カップの前記円筒部の円筒面からなる内周面（５２ｂ）との間に転動可能に介在している、自在継手（４，６）である。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, a pair of yokes (21, 22) each including a pair of arm portions (23, 25) in which fitting holes (23a, 25a) are formed, and four shaft portions (31, 32). ), And a bearing (41, 42) for connecting the arm portion of the yoke and the shaft portion of the cross shaft. A bottomed outer ring cup (50) including a cylindrical part (52) into which the shaft part is inserted by being fitted into the fitting hole of the arm part, and a plurality of balls accommodated in a single row in the outer ring cup (60), and a raceway surface (37; 37P) that opens toward the inner bottom surface (51a) of the outer ring cup on the outer periphery of the axial end (36b) of the shaft portion of the cross shaft. Provided, wherein the plurality of balls are in contact with the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup, A universal joint (4, 6) interposed between the raceway surface of the shaft portion of the cross shaft and an inner peripheral surface (52b) formed of a cylindrical surface of the cylindrical portion of the outer ring cup so as to allow rolling. ).

請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１において、前記複数のボールは、前記外輪カップの前記内底面から前記軸部の軸方向（Ｘ１，Ｘ２）に与圧を付されている、自在継手である。
請求項３記載の発明は、請求項１または２において、前記軸部の軸方向端面（３６ａ）と前記外輪カップの前記内底面との間には、隙間（Ｓ）が設けられている、自在継手である。 The invention according to claim 2 is a universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of balls are pressurized from the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup in the axial direction (X1, X2) of the shaft portion. is there.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, a clearance (S) is provided between the axial end surface (36a) of the shaft portion and the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup. It is a joint.

請求項４記載の発明は、請求項１〜３の何れか一項において、前記複数のボールよりも前記外輪カップの開口（５０ａ）側で前記円筒部と前記軸部との間を密封するＯリング（７０）を備える、自在継手である。
なお、上記において、括弧内の数字等は、後述する実施形態における対応構成要素の参照符号を表すものであるが、これらの参照符号により特許請求の範囲を限定する趣旨ではない。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in any one of the first to third aspects, the space between the cylindrical portion and the shaft portion is sealed closer to the opening (50a) of the outer ring cup than the plurality of balls. A universal joint comprising a ring (70).
In addition, in the above, the numbers in parentheses represent reference numerals of corresponding components in the embodiments described later, but the scope of the claims is not limited by these reference numerals.

請求項１記載の発明によれば、軸受では、転動体としてボールのみを使用しているため、スキューの発生のおそれがない。
また、ボールが、外輪カップの内底面と、外輪カップの内底面側に向かって開く軌道面との間で、軸方向の荷重を受ける。これにより、軸受は、軸部と外輪カップとの間に発生する軸方向の荷重と径方向の荷重との両方をボールを介して受けることができる。そのため、外輪カップの円筒部の内周面は、ボールを転動させるための軌道溝が設けられる必要がなく、円筒面で良いので、軸受の構造を簡素化することができる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, since only the ball is used as the rolling element in the bearing, there is no risk of occurrence of skew.
Further, the ball receives an axial load between the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup and the raceway surface that opens toward the inner bottom surface side of the outer ring cup. Thus, the bearing can receive both the axial load and the radial load generated between the shaft portion and the outer ring cup via the ball. Therefore, the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical portion of the outer ring cup does not need to be provided with a raceway groove for rolling the ball, and may be a cylindrical surface, so that the structure of the bearing can be simplified.

請求項２記載の発明によれば、軸部の軸方向への与圧によって、軸部の軸方向および径方向におけるボールのがたつきの発生が抑制される。
請求項３記載の発明によれば、軸部の軸方向端面と外輪カップの内底面との間に隙間が設けられているため、十字軸の軸部が外輪カップの内底面に押し付けられることに起因して外輪カップが破損することを防止できる。 According to invention of Claim 2, generation | occurrence | production of the rattling of the ball | bowl in the axial direction and radial direction of a shaft part is suppressed by the pressurization to the axial direction of a shaft part.
According to the invention described in claim 3, since the gap is provided between the axial end surface of the shaft portion and the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup, the shaft portion of the cross shaft is pressed against the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup. This can prevent the outer ring cup from being damaged.

請求項４記載の発明によれば、Ｏリングによって、外輪カップ内の密封性の向上が図れる。   According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the sealing performance in the outer ring cup can be improved by the O-ring.

本発明の一実施形態に係る自在継手を含むステアリング装置の概略正面図である。1 is a schematic front view of a steering device including a universal joint according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１に示すステアリング装置の要部を拡大した図である。It is the figure which expanded the principal part of the steering device shown in FIG. 第１自在継手の分解斜視図である。It is a disassembled perspective view of a 1st universal joint. 十字軸の第１軸部の中心軸線を含む平面に沿って第１軸受付近を切断した概略断面図である。It is the schematic sectional drawing which cut | disconnected the 1st bearing vicinity along the plane containing the center axis line of the 1st axial part of a cross shaft. 本実施形態の変形例の自在継手を示した概略断面図である。It is the schematic sectional drawing which showed the universal joint of the modification of this embodiment.

以下では、本発明の実施形態を、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る自在継手を含むステアリング装置１の概略正面図である。図１を参照して、ステアリング装置１は、ステアリングホイール等の操舵部材２が一端３ａに連結されたステアリングシャフト３と、第１自在継手４（自在継手）と、インターミディエイトシャフト５と、第２自在継手６（自在継手）と、ピニオン軸７と、ラックバー８とを備える。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a steering apparatus 1 including a universal joint according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, a steering device 1 includes a steering shaft 3 having a steering member 2 such as a steering wheel coupled to one end 3a, a first universal joint 4 (universal joint), an intermediate shaft 5, and a second A universal joint 6 (universal joint), a pinion shaft 7 and a rack bar 8 are provided.

ステアリングシャフト３の他端３ｂは、第１自在継手４を介してインターミディエイトシャフト５の一端５ａに連結されている。また、インターミディエイトシャフト５の他端５ｂは、第２自在継手６を介してピニオン軸７の一端７ａに連結されている。
ピニオン軸７の他端の外周面には、ピニオン７ｂが設けられている。ラックバー８の外周面の周上１箇所には、ピニオン７ｂと噛み合うラック８ａが形成されている。ピニオン７ｂおよびラック８ａは、互いに噛み合うことでラックアンドピニオン式の転舵機構Ａを構成している。 The other end 3 b of the steering shaft 3 is connected to one end 5 a of the intermediate shaft 5 via the first universal joint 4. The other end 5 b of the intermediate shaft 5 is connected to one end 7 a of the pinion shaft 7 via the second universal joint 6.
A pinion 7 b is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the pinion shaft 7. A rack 8 a that meshes with the pinion 7 b is formed at one place on the outer peripheral surface of the rack bar 8. The pinion 7b and the rack 8a constitute a rack and pinion type steering mechanism A by meshing with each other.

ラックバー８は、車体に固定される略円筒体のハウジング９に収容されている。ラックバー８の両端部は、ハウジング９の両側へ突出し、各端部にはそれぞれ継手を介してタイロッド１０が結合されている。各タイロッド１０は、対応するナックルアーム（図示せず）を介して対応する転舵輪１１に連結されている。
操舵部材２が操作されてステアリングシャフト３が回転されると、この回転が第１自在継手４、インターミディエイトシャフト５および第２自在継手６を介してピニオン軸７に伝達され、ピニオン７ｂおよびラック８ａによって、車体の幅方向に沿ったラックバー８の直線運動に変換される。これにより、転舵輪１１の転舵が達成される。 The rack bar 8 is accommodated in a substantially cylindrical housing 9 fixed to the vehicle body. Both end portions of the rack bar 8 protrude to both sides of the housing 9, and tie rods 10 are coupled to the respective end portions through joints. Each tie rod 10 is connected to a corresponding steered wheel 11 via a corresponding knuckle arm (not shown).
When the steering member 2 is operated and the steering shaft 3 is rotated, this rotation is transmitted to the pinion shaft 7 via the first universal joint 4, the intermediate shaft 5 and the second universal joint 6, and the pinion 7b and the rack 8a. Is converted into a linear motion of the rack bar 8 along the width direction of the vehicle body. Thereby, the turning of the steered wheel 11 is achieved.

図２は、図１に示すステアリング装置１の要部を拡大した図である。図３は、第１自在継手４の分解斜視図である。
図２を参照して、第１自在継手４は、ステアリングシャフト３の他端３ｂに設けられた第１ヨーク２１（ヨーク）と、インターミディエイトシャフト５の一端５ａに設けられた第２ヨーク２２（ヨーク）とを備える。 FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of the steering device 1 shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the first universal joint 4.
Referring to FIG. 2, the first universal joint 4 includes a first yoke 21 (yoke) provided at the other end 3 b of the steering shaft 3 and a second yoke 22 (provided at one end 5 a of the intermediate shaft 5). Yoke).

第２自在継手６は、第１自在継手４と同様の構造を有している。第２自在継手６が第１自在継手４と主に異なる点は、第２自在継手６の第１ヨーク２１が、インターミディエイトシャフト５の他端５ｂに設けられている点と、第２ヨーク２２が、ピニオン軸７の一端７ａに設けられている点である。以下では、第１自在継手４に即して各部材の説明をする。   The second universal joint 6 has the same structure as the first universal joint 4. The second universal joint 6 is mainly different from the first universal joint 4 in that the first yoke 21 of the second universal joint 6 is provided on the other end 5 b of the intermediate shaft 5 and the second yoke 22. Is a point provided at one end 7 a of the pinion shaft 7. Hereinafter, each member will be described in accordance with the first universal joint 4.

図３を参照して、第１自在継手４の第１ヨーク２１は、互いに平行な一対の第１腕部２３（腕部）と、第１腕部２３同士を連結しステアリングシャフト３の他端３ｂに固定された連結部２４とを含む。第２ヨーク２２は、互いに平行な一対の第２腕部２５（腕部）と、第２腕部２５同士を連結しインターミディエイトシャフト５の一端５ａに固定された連結部２６とを含む。   Referring to FIG. 3, the first yoke 21 of the first universal joint 4 connects a pair of first arm portions 23 (arm portions) parallel to each other and the first arm portions 23 to each other, and the other end of the steering shaft 3. And a connecting portion 24 fixed to 3b. The second yoke 22 includes a pair of second arm portions 25 (arm portions) parallel to each other and a connecting portion 26 that connects the second arm portions 25 to each other and is fixed to one end 5 a of the intermediate shaft 5.

第１ヨーク２１の一対の第１腕部２３のそれぞれには、互いに同軸上に位置する第１嵌合孔２３ａ（嵌合孔）が形成されている。第２ヨーク２２の一対の第２腕部２５のそれぞれには、互いに同軸上に位置する第２嵌合孔２５ａ（嵌合孔）が形成されている。
第１自在継手４は、ヨーク２１，２２同士を連結する十字軸３０と、各ヨーク２１，２２と十字軸３０とを連結する一対の第１軸受４１（軸受）および一対の第２軸受４２（軸受）とを備える。 Each of the pair of first arm portions 23 of the first yoke 21 is formed with a first fitting hole 23a (fitting hole) positioned coaxially with each other. Each of the pair of second arm portions 25 of the second yoke 22 is formed with a second fitting hole 25a (fitting hole) positioned coaxially with each other.
The first universal joint 4 includes a cross shaft 30 that connects the yokes 21 and 22, a pair of first bearings 41 (bearings) that connect the yokes 21 and 22 and the cross shaft 30, and a pair of second bearings 42 ( Bearing).

十字軸３０は、十字形状の中央部に配置される胴部３３と、この胴部３３から十字形状をなして突出する一対の第１軸部３１および一対の第２軸部３２（４つの軸部）とを含む。
一対の第１軸部３１は、同軸上に配置されており、中心軸線Ｃ１を有する。中心軸線Ｃ１が延びる方向を軸方向Ｘ１とする。各第１軸部３１は、互いに離れるように胴部３３から軸方向Ｘ１に延びている。一対の第２軸部３２は、同軸上に配置されており、中心軸線Ｃ１に直交する中心軸線Ｃ２を有する。中心軸線Ｃ２が延びる方向を軸方向Ｘ２とする。各第２軸部３２は、互いに離れるように胴部３３から軸方向Ｘ２に延びている。 The cross shaft 30 includes a body portion 33 disposed at the center of the cross shape, a pair of first shaft portions 31 and a pair of second shaft portions 32 (four shafts) protruding from the body portion 33 in a cross shape. Part).
The pair of first shaft portions 31 are arranged on the same axis and have a central axis C1. A direction in which the central axis C1 extends is defined as an axial direction X1. Each first shaft portion 31 extends from the body portion 33 in the axial direction X1 so as to be separated from each other. The pair of second shaft portions 32 are disposed coaxially and have a central axis C2 orthogonal to the central axis C1. A direction in which the central axis C2 extends is defined as an axial direction X2. Each second shaft portion 32 extends in the axial direction X2 from the body portion 33 so as to be separated from each other.

一対の第１軸部３１および一対の第２軸部３２のそれぞれは、胴部３３側の大径部３５と、大径部３５よりも先端側に配置された小径部３６とを含む。
一対の第１軸部３１の小径部３６のそれぞれは、対応する第１嵌合孔２３ａに挿通され、対応する第１軸受４１を介して回転自在に支持されている。一対の第２軸部３２の小径部３６のそれぞれは、対応する第２嵌合孔２５ａに挿通され、対応する第２軸受４２を介して回転自在に支持されている。 Each of the pair of first shaft portions 31 and the pair of second shaft portions 32 includes a large-diameter portion 35 on the body portion 33 side and a small-diameter portion 36 disposed on the tip side of the large-diameter portion 35.
Each of the small diameter portions 36 of the pair of first shaft portions 31 is inserted into the corresponding first fitting hole 23 a and is rotatably supported via the corresponding first bearing 41. Each of the small diameter portions 36 of the pair of second shaft portions 32 is inserted into the corresponding second fitting hole 25a and is rotatably supported via the corresponding second bearing 42.

一対の第１軸受４１のそれぞれは、第１ヨーク２１の対応する第１腕部２３と、対応する第１軸部３１（厳密には小径部３６）とを連結する。一対の第２軸受４２のそれぞれは、第２ヨーク２２の対応する第２腕部２５と、対応する第２軸部３２（厳密には小径部３６）とを連結する。
図４は、十字軸３０の第１軸部３１の中心軸線Ｃ１を含む平面に沿って第１軸受４１付近を切断した概略断面図である。一対の第１軸受４１および一対の第２軸受４２は、同様の構成を有しているので、以下では、一方の第１軸受４１に即して説明する。 Each of the pair of first bearings 41 connects the corresponding first arm portion 23 of the first yoke 21 and the corresponding first shaft portion 31 (strictly, the small diameter portion 36). Each of the pair of second bearings 42 connects the corresponding second arm portion 25 of the second yoke 22 and the corresponding second shaft portion 32 (strictly, the small diameter portion 36).
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the first bearing 41 taken along a plane including the central axis C <b> 1 of the first shaft portion 31 of the cross shaft 30. Since a pair of 1st bearing 41 and a pair of 2nd bearing 42 have the same structure, below, it demonstrates along with the one 1st bearing 41. FIG.

図４を参照して、第１軸受４１は、有底の外輪カップ５０と、外輪カップ５０内で単列に収容された複数（例えば７個）のボール６０を含む。外輪カップ５０内には、グリースＧが封入されている。
外輪カップ５０は、開口５０ａを有するカップ状である。外輪カップ５０は、例えば金属板をプレス加工することによって形成されている。外輪カップ５０は、内底面５１ａを有する底部５１と、対応する第１腕部２３の第１嵌合孔２３ａに嵌合された円筒部５２とを一体に含む。円筒部５２には、第１軸部３１（厳密には小径部３６）が挿入される。円筒部５２は、開口５０ａ側における端部に、円筒部５２から径方向Ｒの内側へ張り出したフランジ部５２ａを含む。 Referring to FIG. 4, the first bearing 41 includes a bottomed outer ring cup 50 and a plurality of (for example, seven) balls 60 accommodated in a single row in the outer ring cup 50. Grease G is enclosed in the outer ring cup 50.
The outer ring cup 50 has a cup shape having an opening 50a. The outer ring cup 50 is formed, for example, by pressing a metal plate. The outer ring cup 50 integrally includes a bottom portion 51 having an inner bottom surface 51 a and a cylindrical portion 52 that is fitted in the first fitting hole 23 a of the corresponding first arm portion 23. The first shaft portion 31 (strictly speaking, the small diameter portion 36) is inserted into the cylindrical portion 52. The cylindrical portion 52 includes a flange portion 52a that protrudes inward in the radial direction R from the cylindrical portion 52 at the end on the opening 50a side.

第１自在継手４は、外輪カップ５０の内部において外輪カップ５０内を密封するＯリング７０と、外輪カップ５０の外部から外輪カップ５０内を密封するシール部材８０とを備える。
Ｏリング７０は、複数のボール６０よりも外輪カップ５０の開口５０ａ側で、かつ、円筒部５２のフランジ部５２ａよりも外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａ側で、外輪カップ５０の円筒部５２と第１軸部３１（厳密には小径部３６）との間を密封している。 The first universal joint 4 includes an O-ring 70 that seals the inside of the outer ring cup 50 inside the outer ring cup 50, and a seal member 80 that seals the inside of the outer ring cup 50 from the outside of the outer ring cup 50.
The O-ring 70 is closer to the opening 50a of the outer ring cup 50 than the plurality of balls 60, and closer to the cylindrical part 52 of the outer ring cup 50 and closer to the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50 than the flange part 52a of the cylindrical part 52. The space between the one shaft portion 31 (strictly, the small diameter portion 36) is sealed.

シール部材８０は、フランジ部５２ａと大径部３５の軸方向端部３５ａとの間に配置されており、フランジ部５２ａと大径部３５の軸方向端部３５ａおよび小径部３６との間を密封している。
第１軸部３１の小径部３６の軸方向端面３６ａと、対応する外輪カップ５０の底部５１の内底面５１ａとの間には、隙間Ｓが設けられている。 The seal member 80 is disposed between the flange portion 52 a and the axial end portion 35 a of the large diameter portion 35, and between the flange portion 52 a and the axial end portion 35 a and the small diameter portion 36 of the large diameter portion 35. Sealed.
A gap S is provided between the axial end surface 36 a of the small-diameter portion 36 of the first shaft portion 31 and the inner bottom surface 51 a of the corresponding bottom portion 51 of the outer ring cup 50.

第１軸部３１の小径部３６の軸方向端部３６ｂの外周には、対応する外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａ側に向かって開く軌道面３７が設けられている。軌道面３７は、第１軸部３１の中心軸線Ｃ１を含む平面に沿った断面が２つの円弧を組み合わせたゴシックアーク状を形成する湾曲面である。すなわち、軌道面３７は、互いに異なる曲率中心を有する第１円弧状軌道面３７ａおよび第２円弧状軌道面３７ｂを含む。また、軌道面３７は、中心軸線Ｃ１を含む平面に沿った断面が単一の円弧状を形成する湾曲面であってもよい。   A raceway surface 37 that opens toward the inner bottom surface 51 a side of the corresponding outer ring cup 50 is provided on the outer periphery of the axial end portion 36 b of the small diameter portion 36 of the first shaft portion 31. The raceway surface 37 is a curved surface in which a cross section along a plane including the central axis C1 of the first shaft portion 31 forms a Gothic arc shape in which two arcs are combined. That is, the track surface 37 includes a first arc-shaped track surface 37a and a second arc-shaped track surface 37b having different centers of curvature. The raceway surface 37 may be a curved surface in which a cross section along a plane including the central axis C1 forms a single arc shape.

複数のボール６０は、外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａと接触した状態で、十字軸３０の第１軸部３１の軌道面３７と、外輪カップ５０の円筒部５２の内周面５２ｂとの間に転動可能に介在している。内周面５２ｂは、円筒面からなる。この状態で、各ボール６０は、外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａから軸方向Ｘ１に与圧を付されている。
各ボール６０は、軌道面３７の第１円弧状軌道面３７ａと第２円弧状軌道面３７ｂとの両方に接触している。つまり、各ボール６０は、軌道面３７と２点接触している。また、各ボール６０は、円筒部５２の内周面５２ｂに接触している。この状態で、各ボール６０は、径方向Ｒに与圧されている。したがって、軸方向Ｘ１および径方向Ｒの両方における各ボール６０のがたつきが抑制される。 The plurality of balls 60 are in contact with the inner bottom surface 51 a of the outer ring cup 50 between the raceway surface 37 of the first shaft portion 31 of the cross shaft 30 and the inner peripheral surface 52 b of the cylindrical portion 52 of the outer ring cup 50. Interspersed so that it can roll. The inner peripheral surface 52b is a cylindrical surface. In this state, each ball 60 is pressurized from the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50 in the axial direction X1.
Each ball 60 is in contact with both the first arc-shaped track surface 37 a and the second arc-shaped track surface 37 b of the track surface 37. That is, each ball 60 is in contact with the track surface 37 at two points. Each ball 60 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface 52 b of the cylindrical portion 52. In this state, each ball 60 is pressurized in the radial direction R. Therefore, rattling of each ball 60 in both the axial direction X1 and the radial direction R is suppressed.

本実施形態によれば、軸受４１，４２では、転動体としてボール６０のみを使用しており、転動体としてニードルローラを使用していないため、スキューの発生のおそれがない。
また、ボール６０が、外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａと、外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａ側に向かって開く軌道面３７との間で、軸方向Ｘ１，Ｘ２の荷重を受ける。これにより、軸受４１，４２は、対応する軸部３１，３２と外輪カップ５０との間に発生する軸方向Ｘ１，Ｘ２の荷重と径方向Ｒの荷重との両方をボール６０を介して受けることができる。そのため、外輪カップ５０の円筒部５２の内周面５２ｂは、ボール６０を転動させるための軌道溝が設けられる必要がなく、円筒面で良いので、第１軸受４１および第２軸受４２の構造を簡素化することができる。 According to the present embodiment, in the bearings 41 and 42, only the ball 60 is used as the rolling element, and the needle roller is not used as the rolling element, so there is no risk of skew.
The ball 60 receives loads in the axial directions X1 and X2 between the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50 and the raceway surface 37 that opens toward the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50. Accordingly, the bearings 41 and 42 receive both the loads in the axial directions X1 and X2 and the load in the radial direction R generated between the corresponding shaft portions 31 and 32 and the outer ring cup 50 via the balls 60. Can do. Therefore, the inner peripheral surface 52b of the cylindrical portion 52 of the outer ring cup 50 does not need to be provided with a raceway groove for rolling the ball 60, and may be a cylindrical surface. Therefore, the structures of the first bearing 41 and the second bearing 42 are used. Can be simplified.

また、軸部３１，３２の軸方向Ｘ１，Ｘ２への与圧によって、軸部３１，３２の軸方向Ｘ１，Ｘ２および径方向Ｒにおけるボール６０のがたつきの発生が抑制される。
また、複数のボール６０は、軸方向Ｘ１，Ｘ２および径方向Ｒの両方に与圧された状態で組み付けられるので、組み付けの際の寸法管理がしやすい。すなわち、組み付けの寸法公差を大きくしても複数のボール６０が外輪カップ５０内でがたつきにくい。 Moreover, the occurrence of rattling of the ball 60 in the axial directions X1, X2 and the radial direction R of the shaft portions 31, 32 is suppressed by the pressure applied to the shaft portions 31, 32 in the axial directions X1, X2.
Further, since the plurality of balls 60 are assembled in a state where they are pressurized in both the axial directions X1, X2 and the radial direction R, it is easy to manage the dimensions during the assembly. That is, even if the dimensional tolerance of the assembly is increased, the plurality of balls 60 are less likely to rattle within the outer ring cup 50.

また、複数のボール６０は、径方向Ｒに与圧された状態で組み付けられるので、密封性を向上させるためにＯリング７０を外輪カップ５０の円筒部５２に押し付けてもボール６０と円筒部５２とが接触した状態を維持できる。
また、各軸部３１，３２の軸方向端面３６ａと外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａとの間に隙間Ｓが設けられているため、各軸部３１，３２が対応する外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａに押し付けられることに起因して外輪カップ５０が破損することを防止できる。 In addition, since the plurality of balls 60 are assembled in a state of being pressurized in the radial direction R, the balls 60 and the cylindrical portion 52 are not affected by pressing the O-ring 70 against the cylindrical portion 52 of the outer ring cup 50 in order to improve the sealing performance. Can be kept in contact with each other.
Further, since a gap S is provided between the axial end surface 36a of each shaft portion 31, 32 and the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50, the inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50 to which each shaft portion 31, 32 corresponds. The outer ring cup 50 can be prevented from being damaged due to being pressed against the outer ring.

また、隙間Ｓが設けられているため、軸受４１，４２は、対応する軸部３１，３２の軸方向端面３６ａと外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａとが摺動することなく機能する。そのため、軸受４１，４２を使用する際のトルクを低減できる。
また、各軸部３１，３２の軸方向端面３６ａと対応する外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａとの間に隙間Ｓが設けられている。そのため、軸部３１，３２と対応する外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａとの摺動摩擦を低減するための凸部（以下、ワッフルという）を外輪カップ５０の底部５１に形成する必要がない。これにより、外輪カップ５０の強度の低減を抑制できる。また、ワッフルが設けられていない、汎用性および強度が高い外輪カップを本実施形態のように外輪カップ５０として用いることができるので、コストを削減することができる。 Further, since the clearance S is provided, the bearings 41 and 42 function without sliding between the axial end surfaces 36 a of the corresponding shaft portions 31 and 32 and the inner bottom surface 51 a of the outer ring cup 50. Therefore, the torque when using the bearings 41 and 42 can be reduced.
Further, a gap S is provided between the axial end surface 36a of each shaft portion 31, 32 and the corresponding inner bottom surface 51a of the outer ring cup 50. Therefore, it is not necessary to form a convex portion (hereinafter referred to as waffle) on the bottom portion 51 of the outer ring cup 50 for reducing sliding friction between the shaft portions 31 and 32 and the corresponding inner bottom surface 51 a of the outer ring cup 50. Thereby, the reduction | decrease in the intensity | strength of the outer ring cup 50 can be suppressed. In addition, since an outer ring cup having no waffle and having high versatility and high strength can be used as the outer ring cup 50 as in this embodiment, the cost can be reduced.

また、ワッフルが設けられた図示しない外輪カップを外輪カップ５０として用いたとしても、外輪カップ５０は、複数のボール６０を介して軌道面３７と接触する（接触面が分散する）ため、内底面５１ａが受ける応力が低減され、外輪カップ５０の破損を効果的に抑制できる。
また、Ｏリング７０によって、外輪カップ５０内の密封性の向上が図れる。これにより、軸受４１，４２を車室内環境で使用する場合は、シール部材８０を省略することができる。 Even if an outer ring cup (not shown) provided with a waffle is used as the outer ring cup 50, the outer ring cup 50 comes into contact with the raceway surface 37 via a plurality of balls 60 (the contact surface is dispersed), and therefore the inner bottom surface The stress which 51a receives is reduced, and the failure | damage of the outer ring cup 50 can be suppressed effectively.
Further, the O-ring 70 can improve the sealing performance in the outer ring cup 50. Thereby, when using the bearings 41 and 42 in a vehicle interior environment, the seal member 80 can be omitted.

また、Ｏリング７０が開口５０ａ側に配置されているため、軸受４１，４２を対応する軸部３１，３２に組み付ける際に、ボール６０を外輪カップ５０に保持しやすい。
また、複数のボール６０が外輪カップ５０内に単列で収容されている。そのため、ボール６０を外輪カップ５０内に複数列で収容した際に発生する列間でのがたつきを防止できる。 Further, since the O-ring 70 is disposed on the opening 50a side, the ball 60 can be easily held on the outer ring cup 50 when the bearings 41 and 42 are assembled to the corresponding shaft portions 31 and 32.
A plurality of balls 60 are housed in a single row in the outer ring cup 50. Therefore, it is possible to prevent rattling between rows that occurs when the balls 60 are accommodated in the outer ring cup 50 in multiple rows.

この発明は、以上に説明した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載の範囲内において種々の変更が可能である。
例えば、本実施形態の変形例を示した図５に示すように、第１軸部３１の小径部３６の軸方向端部３６ｂの外周には、外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａ側へ向かうにつれて細くなるテーパ面からなる軌道面３７Ｐが設けられている。軌道面３７Ｐは、外輪カップ５０の内底面５１ａ側に向かって開いている。なお、図示しないが、第２軸部３２の小径部３６の軸方向端部３６ｂに軌道面３７Ｐを設けてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.
For example, as shown in FIG. 5 showing a modification of the present embodiment, the outer periphery of the axial end portion 36b of the small diameter portion 36 of the first shaft portion 31 becomes thinner toward the inner bottom surface 51a side of the outer ring cup 50. A raceway surface 37P made of a tapered surface is provided. The raceway surface 37 </ b> P is open toward the inner bottom surface 51 a side of the outer ring cup 50. Although not shown, a raceway surface 37P may be provided at the axial end portion 36b of the small diameter portion 36 of the second shaft portion 32.

また、自在継手４，６は、シール部材８０を備えていない場合も有り得る。この場合、軸部３１，３２は、大径部３５を含んでいなくてもよく、小径部３６のみによって構成されていてもよい。   The universal joints 4 and 6 may not include the seal member 80. In this case, the shaft portions 31 and 32 may not include the large diameter portion 35, and may be configured only by the small diameter portion 36.

４…第１自在継手、６…第２自在継手、２１…第１ヨーク、２２…第２ヨーク、２３…第１腕部、２３ａ…第１嵌合孔、２５…第２腕部、２５ａ…第２嵌合孔、３０…十字軸、３１…第１軸部、３２…第２軸部、３６ａ…軸方向端面、３６ｂ…軸方向端部、３７；３７Ｐ…軌道面、４１…第１軸受、４２…第２軸受、５０…外輪カップ、５０ａ…開口、５１ａ…内底面、５２…円筒部、５２ｂ…内周面、６０…ボール、７０…Ｏリング、Ｓ…隙間、Ｘ１…軸方向、Ｘ２…軸方向 4 ... 1st universal joint, 6 ... 2nd universal joint, 21 ... 1st yoke, 22 ... 2nd yoke, 23 ... 1st arm part, 23a ... 1st fitting hole, 25 ... 2nd arm part, 25a ... 2nd fitting hole, 30 ... cross shaft, 31 ... first shaft portion, 32 ... second shaft portion, 36a ... axial end surface, 36b ... axial end portion, 37; 37P ... raceway surface, 41 ... first bearing 42 ... second bearing, 50 ... outer ring cup, 50a ... opening, 51a ... inner bottom surface, 52 ... cylindrical portion, 52b ... inner peripheral surface, 60 ... ball, 70 ... O-ring, S ... gap, X1 ... axial direction, X2 ... Axial direction

Claims (4)

嵌合孔が形成された一対の腕部をそれぞれ含む一対のヨークと、
４つの軸部を含み、前記ヨーク同士を連結する十字軸と、
前記ヨークの前記腕部と前記十字軸の前記軸部とを連結する軸受と、を備え、
前記軸受は、
前記腕部の前記嵌合孔に嵌合され前記軸部が挿入される円筒部を含む有底の外輪カップと、
前記外輪カップ内に単列で収容された複数のボールと、を含み、
前記十字軸の前記軸部の軸方向端部の外周には、前記外輪カップの内底面側に向かって開く軌道面が設けられており、
前記複数のボールは、前記外輪カップの前記内底面と接触した状態で、前記十字軸の前記軸部の前記軌道面と、前記外輪カップの前記円筒部の円筒面からなる内周面との間に転動可能に介在している、自在継手。 A pair of yokes each including a pair of arms formed with fitting holes;
A cross shaft including four shaft portions and connecting the yokes;
A bearing for connecting the arm portion of the yoke and the shaft portion of the cross shaft;
The bearing is
A bottomed outer ring cup including a cylindrical portion that is fitted into the fitting hole of the arm portion and into which the shaft portion is inserted;
A plurality of balls housed in a single row in the outer ring cup,
On the outer periphery of the axial end of the shaft portion of the cross shaft, a raceway surface that opens toward the inner bottom surface side of the outer ring cup is provided,
The plurality of balls are in contact with the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup and between the raceway surface of the shaft portion of the cross shaft and an inner peripheral surface formed of a cylindrical surface of the cylindrical portion of the outer ring cup. A universal joint that is interposed in a rollable manner. 請求項１において、前記複数のボールは、前記外輪カップの前記内底面から前記軸部の軸方向に与圧を付されている、自在継手。   The universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of balls are pressurized in the axial direction of the shaft portion from the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup. 請求項１または２において、前記軸部の軸方向端面と前記外輪カップの前記内底面との間には、隙間が設けられている、自在継手。   The universal joint according to claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between an axial end surface of the shaft portion and the inner bottom surface of the outer ring cup. 請求項１〜３の何れか一項において、前記複数のボールよりも前記外輪カップの開口側で前記円筒部と前記軸部との間を密封するＯリングを備える、自在継手。   4. The universal joint according to claim 1, further comprising an O-ring that seals between the cylindrical portion and the shaft portion on the opening side of the outer ring cup with respect to the plurality of balls. 5.
JP2015101251A 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Universal joint Pending JP2016217407A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019009926A (en) * 2017-06-26 2019-01-17 北海電気工事株式会社 Bypass added line cutting tool in middle of span, and construction method therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019009926A (en) * 2017-06-26 2019-01-17 北海電気工事株式会社 Bypass added line cutting tool in middle of span, and construction method therefor

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