JP2016132633A - Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic action of nejime biwa tea - Google Patents

Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic action of nejime biwa tea Download PDF

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JP2016132633A
JP2016132633A JP2015007780A JP2015007780A JP2016132633A JP 2016132633 A JP2016132633 A JP 2016132633A JP 2015007780 A JP2015007780 A JP 2015007780A JP 2015007780 A JP2015007780 A JP 2015007780A JP 2016132633 A JP2016132633 A JP 2016132633A
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tea
alzheimer
disease
nemebiwa
hot water
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藤井 信
Makoto Fujii
信 藤井
中野 隆之
Takayuki Nakano
隆之 中野
侯 徳興
Norioki Ko
徳興 侯
文雄 橋本
Fumio Hashimoto
文雄 橋本
博祥 玉置
Hiroyoshi Tamaoki
博祥 玉置
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TOTSUKAWA NOJO KK
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide pharmaceuticals or foods and drinks having Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic action.SOLUTION: An Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic agent comprises Nejime Biwa Tea hot water extract, or concentrate or dry powder thereof as an active ingredient.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、例えばアルツハイマー症予防又は治療作用を有する医薬品又は飲食品に関する。   The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical or a food or drink having, for example, an effect of preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease.

日本又は先進諸国での寿命の延伸に伴い、高齢者の増加に伴って脳機能の老化や劣化疾患(例えば、アルツハイマー症)を有する患者が著しく増加している。ヒトとして重要な脳機能の劣化による疾病のため、介護している家族の負担は悲惨である。この疾患に対する根治的治療薬は未だ無く、この介護に関わる家族の負担、社会的経済的負担は極めて大きい。当該疾患を食品摂取で発症を予防又は軽減化できれば社会的に大きな救済となる。   With the extension of lifespan in Japan or developed countries, the number of patients with aging or deterioration of brain function (for example, Alzheimer's disease) has increased remarkably with the increase of the elderly. The burden on the caring family is disastrous due to the disease caused by the deterioration of brain functions important for humans. There are no definitive treatments for this disease, and the family and social and economic burdens associated with this care are extremely high. If the disease can be prevented or reduced by food intake, it will be a great social relief.

一方、従来において、ビワ葉はビワ茶の飲料に利用されると共に、古くから漢方に配合されて利用されてきた。   On the other hand, loquat leaves have been used for beverages of loquat tea and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for a long time.

特許文献1は、ビワ葉を用いて風味のあるねじめびわ茶を多量に製造する方法及びその製造設備を開示する。当該方法では、トルマリン石焙煎により根占ビワ茶を製造する。   Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing a large amount of flavored screw mebiwa tea using loquat leaves and its production equipment. In this method, root-roasted loquat tea is produced by roasting tourmaline stone.

また、ビワ葉の有する機能性が明らかにされつつあり、ビワ葉に含まれるポリフェノールのヒト口腔癌細胞に対する細胞傷害活性(非特許文献1)、ビワ葉に含まれるメガスチグマン配糖体の抗発癌プロモーション作用(非特許文献2)、ビワ葉の抗腫瘍活性(非特許文献3)及び抗酸化作用(非特許文献4)等が報告されている。   In addition, the functionality of loquat leaves is being clarified. Cytotoxic activity of polyphenols contained in loquat leaves against human oral cancer cells (Non-patent Document 1), anti-carcinogenic promotion of Megastigman glycosides contained in loquat leaves Effects (Non-patent Document 2), antitumor activity of non-patent document (Non-patent Document 3), antioxidant action (Non-patent Document 4) and the like have been reported.

特許文献2は、ビワ葉又はねじめびわ茶抽出物若しくは精製物を有効成分として含有し、且つ抗高脂血症作用、高血圧抑制作用、癌細胞増殖抑制作用、癌細胞アポトーシス誘導作用、活性酸素種産生作用及び高血糖降下作用から成る群より選択される1以上の作用を有する飲食品又は医薬品を開示する。   Patent document 2 contains loquat leaves or Nemebiwa tea extract or purified product as an active ingredient, and also has an antihyperlipidemic effect, an antihypertensive effect, a cancer cell proliferation inhibitory effect, a cancer cell apoptosis inducing effect, an active oxygen Disclosed is a food or drink or a pharmaceutical product having at least one action selected from the group consisting of a seed production action and a hyperglycemic action.

特許文献3は、ねじめびわ茶抽出物の摂食投与による抗腫瘍能と肝機能改善作用を開示する。特許文献3に示される抗腫瘍効果は、少なくとも1/2はねじめびわ茶抽出物中の多糖類及びオリゴ糖に由来するが、その作用の1/2は、疎水性画分を吸着し、50%エタノールで溶出するカラム特性から、ポリフェノール画分に由来すると考えられ、実際この50%エタノール画分には多量のポリフェノール画分が存在する。また、特許文献3に示される肝機能改善効果は、抗酸化能他の研究文献の結果から、ポリフェノール類に由来する可能性が高い。   Patent document 3 discloses the antitumor ability and liver function improvement effect by ingestion administration of Nemebiwa tea extract. The antitumor effect shown in Patent Document 3 is derived from polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in Nejimebiwa tea extract at least 1/2, but 1/2 of its action adsorbs the hydrophobic fraction, From the column characteristics eluted with 50% ethanol, it is considered to be derived from the polyphenol fraction. In fact, a large amount of polyphenol fraction exists in this 50% ethanol fraction. Moreover, the liver function improvement effect shown by patent document 3 has a high possibility of originating in polyphenols from the result of research literatures, such as antioxidant ability.

しかしながら、従来において、ねじめびわ茶等のビワ葉又はビワ茶が、アルツハイマー症等の脳疾患に対して予防又は治療作用を有することは知られていなかった。   However, conventionally, it has not been known that loquat leaves such as Nemebiwacha or loquat tea have a preventive or therapeutic action on brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.

特許第3452351号公報Japanese Patent No. 3435351 特許第4974116号公報Japanese Patent No. 4974116 特開2014-101286号公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-101286

Ito,H.ら, 「Chem.Pharm.Bull.」,2000年,第48巻, pp.687-693Ito, H. et al., “Chem. Pharm. Bull.” 2000, 48, pp. 687-693. 吉田隆志ら, 「Bio Industry」, 2003年, 第20巻, pp.27-33Takashi Yoshida et al., "Bio Industry", 2003, 20, 27-33 Ito,H.ら, 「J. Agric. Food Chem.」, 2002年, 第50巻, pp.2400-2403Ito, H. et al., “J. Agric. Food Chem.”, 2002, 50, pp. 2400-2403 Jung, H.ら, 「Arch.Pharm. Res.」, 1999年, 第22巻, pp.213-218Jung, H. et al., “Arch. Pharm. Res.”, 1999, Vol. 22, pp.213-218

上述したように、ビワ葉に含まれる種々の生物学的活性や活性化合物の存在が明らかにされているが、ねじめびわ茶抽出物がアルツハイマー症に代表される痴呆の発症を抑制又は当該痴呆を軽減化することは知られていなかった。食品のこのような機能が確認できれば食品成分であるねじめびわ茶抽出物を、アルツハイマー症を代表とする脳機能の劣化、老化又は痴呆の予防、軽減又は治療に使用できると考えられる。   As described above, the existence of various biological activities and active compounds contained in loquat leaves has been clarified, but Nemebiwa tea extract suppresses the onset of dementia represented by Alzheimer's disease or the dementia It was not known to alleviate. If such a function of food can be confirmed, it is considered that Nemebiwa tea extract, which is a food ingredient, can be used for prevention, reduction or treatment of deterioration of brain function, aging or dementia typified by Alzheimer's disease.

そこで、本発明は、ねじめびわ茶抽出物からアルツハイマー症に代表される脳機能の老化、劣化又は痴呆を予防又は軽減化する医薬品又は飲食品を提供することを目的とする。   Then, an object of this invention is to provide the pharmaceutical or food-drinks which prevent or reduce the aging of the brain function represented by Alzheimer's disease, or a dementia from Nejibiwa tea extract.

上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を行った結果、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物をアルツハイマー症モデルマウスに給餌することで、アルツハイマー症の発症を抑制するか又はアルツハイマー症を軽減化できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of diligent research to solve the above-mentioned problems, it was found that by feeding Nejimebiwa tea hot water extract to Alzheimer's disease model mice, the onset of Alzheimer's disease can be suppressed or Alzheimer's disease can be reduced, The present invention has been completed.

すなわち、本発明は、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末を有効成分として含有する、アルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤に関する。   That is, the present invention relates to an agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease, which contains Nemebiwa tea hot water extract, a concentrate thereof or a dry powder as an active ingredient.

本発明によれば、アルツハイマー症を予防又は軽減化できる。アルツハイマー症患者は日本で予備軍を含めて800万人に達し、世界的に見れば莫大な数になる。従来の医薬品において、アルツハイマー症の根治薬は報告されていないことから、食品成分であるねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物を用いて、この病気の予防又は軽減化を実現することで、高齢化社会への大きな福音となる。   According to the present invention, Alzheimer's disease can be prevented or reduced. The number of Alzheimer's patients, including the reserve army, reaches 8 million in Japan. Since no curative drugs for Alzheimer's disease have been reported in conventional medicines, the use of Nejimebiwa tea hot water extract, which is a food ingredient, can prevent or reduce this disease. It will be a great gospel to.

図1は、アルツハイマー症の主原因と云われるアミロイドβ(Aβ)タンパク質産生までの過程をまとめたものである。FIG. 1 summarizes the process up to the production of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, which is the main cause of Alzheimer's disease. 図2は、図1に合わせて、アルツハイマー症の2つ目の主症状である神経細胞の死滅の要因である過剰リン酸化タウタンパク質産生の過程と、ねじめびわ茶が関与する機能をまとめたものである。Fig. 2 summarizes the processes involved in the production of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which is the second major symptom of Alzheimer's disease, which is the cause of neuronal cell death, and the functions involved in Nejibiwa tea. Is. 図3は、アルツハイマー症モデルマウスのねじめびわ茶長期投与時の脳組織中の不溶化(高分子化)アミロイドβタンパク質を調べた電気泳動の図である。AB-Insolは不溶化アミロイドβタンパク質のバンド、Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 3 is an electrophoresis diagram showing the insolubilized (polymerized) amyloid β protein in brain tissue during long-term administration of Nejimebiwa tea in Alzheimer's disease model mice. AB-Insol is a band of insolubilized amyloid β protein, M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図4は、アルツハイマー症モデルマウスのねじめびわ茶長期投与時の脳組織中の不溶化(高分子化)アミロイドβタンパク質量の変動を示す。Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 4 shows changes in the amount of insolubilized (polymerized) amyloid β protein in brain tissue during long-term administration of Nemebiwa tea in Alzheimer's disease model mice. M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図5は、アルツハイマー症モデルマウスのねじめびわ茶長期投与時のリン酸化タウタンパク質を調べた電気泳動の図である。p-Tauはリン酸化タウタンパク質のバンド、Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 5 is a diagram of electrophoresis in which phosphorylated tau protein was examined during long-term administration of Nejimebiwa tea in Alzheimer's disease model mice. p-Tau is a phosphorylated tau protein band, M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図6は、アルツハイマー症モデルマウスのビワ茶長期投与時のリン酸化タウタンパク質量の変動を示す。Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 6 shows changes in the amount of phosphorylated tau protein during long-term administration of loquat tea in Alzheimer's disease model mice. M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図7は、アルツハイマー症モデルマウスのねじめびわ茶長期投与時の脳内アミロイドタンパク質を調べた電気泳動の図である。P-GSK(ser-9)はリン酸化グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼのバンド、GSKはグリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼのバンド、NEPはネプリライシンのバンド、BACEはβ-Secretaseのバンド、Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 7 is a diagram of electrophoresis in which cerebral amyloid protein was examined in Alzheimer's disease model mice during long-term administration of Nemebiwa tea. P-GSK (ser-9) is a phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase band, GSK is a glycogen synthase kinase band, NEP is a neprilysin band, BACE is a β-Secretase band, M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con Is the control group given water, and BT is the group given Biwa tea. 図8は、p-GSK(リン酸化グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ)のタンパク質量を測定した結果を示す。Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 8 shows the results of measuring the protein amount of p-GSK (phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase). M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図9は、GSK(グリコーゲンシンターゼキナーゼ)のタンパク質量を測定した結果を示す。Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 9 shows the results of measuring the amount of GSK (glycogen synthase kinase) protein. M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図10は、NEP(ネプリライシン)のタンパク質量を測定した結果を示す。Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 10 shows the results of measuring the protein amount of NEP (neprilysin). M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea. 図11は、BACEのタンパク質量を測定した結果を示す。Mは雄マウス、Fは雌マウス、Conは水を与えた対照区、BTはビワ茶を与えたグループである。FIG. 11 shows the results of measuring the amount of BACE protein. M is a male mouse, F is a female mouse, Con is a control group fed with water, and BT is a group fed with loquat tea.

以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤は、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末を有効成分として含有するものである。   The agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention contains Nejimebiwa tea hot water extract, a concentrate thereof or a dry powder as an active ingredient.

本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防若しくは治療剤、又は当該予防若しくは治療剤を含む飲食品若しくは医薬品の経口投与(経口摂取)によれば、アルツハイマー症を代表とする脳機能の疾患の発症が抑制されるか又は当該疾患が軽減され、脳機能の劣化又は老化を改善又は抑制することができる。   According to the oral administration (oral intake) of Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic agent or a food or drink containing the preventive or therapeutic agent according to the present invention (oral intake), the onset of a brain function disease represented by Alzheimer's disease is suppressed. Alternatively, the disease can be alleviated and deterioration or aging of brain function can be improved or suppressed.

1.用語の説明
1−1.アルツハイマー症(アルツハイマー病)
アルツハイマー症(アルツハイマー病)は、一般的には高齢に伴って、脳中枢機能の老化又は劣化により、認知障害(空間認識、知的認識、記憶の障害等)を生じ、進行すると周辺症状(不眠、易怒性、幻覚、妄想等)も現れ、介護上大きな困難を伴う。従って、その介護は家族はもとより、社会的経済的に大きな負担となる。
1. Explanation of terms 1-1. Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease)
Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's disease) generally causes cognitive impairment (spatial recognition, intellectual recognition, memory impairment, etc.) due to aging or deterioration of brain central functions with age, and when it progresses, peripheral symptoms (insomnia) , Anger, hallucinations, delusions, etc.) also appear and are accompanied by great care difficulties. Therefore, the care is not only a family but also a great social and economic burden.

その病態として、大脳皮質に老人斑(アミロイドβ(Aβ)の沈着)と、神経細胞の中にアルツハイマー型線維状のもつれ(神経原線維変化、neurofibrilliary tangle:NFT;過剰リン酸化されたタウタンパク質より成る)の広範囲の出現が見出されている。   As its pathological condition, senile plaques (amyloid β (Aβ) deposition) in the cerebral cortex, and Alzheimer type fibrous tangles (neurofibrillary tangle, neurofibrilliary tangle: NFT) from hyperphosphorylated tau protein A wide range of occurrences have been found.

アミロイドβ(Aβ)関連タンパク質産生に関しては、図1に示すように、β-Secretase(BACE)がAβの前駆体(APP)に作用し、C99ペプチドを生じる。次いで、γ-Secretase(Presenilin)がC99ペプチドに作用し、Aβ(Aβ40/42)が生じ、老化色素といわれる色素が形成・沈着し、脳細胞の死滅に繋がる。   As for amyloid β (Aβ) -related protein production, as shown in FIG. 1, β-Secretase (BACE) acts on the precursor of Aβ (APP) to generate C99 peptide. Next, γ-Secretase (Presenilin) acts on the C99 peptide to produce Aβ (Aβ40 / 42), and a pigment called an aging pigment is formed and deposited, leading to brain cell death.

また、生じたAβ40/Aβ42ペプチドの分解に関わり、老化色素の減少に貢献するものがNeprilysinと、Insulin degrading enzymeであり、これらもアルツハイマー症の抑制に重要である。   Further, Neprilysin and Insulin degrading enzyme are involved in the degradation of the resulting Aβ40 / Aβ42 peptide and contribute to the reduction of aging pigments, and these are also important for the suppression of Alzheimer's disease.

それに対して、図1に示すように、α-Secretase(TACE, ADAM-10-17)が作用すると、Aβの中心部で切断され、害作用のあるペプチドが生産されず、むしろ健康維持に好ましい作用を及ぼすことが知られている。   On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, when α-Secretase (TACE, ADAM-10-17) acts, it is cleaved at the center of Aβ, and no harmful peptide is produced, which is preferable for maintaining health. It is known to act.

Aβの産生を抑えるには、α-Secretase(TACE, ADAM-10-17)の活性化、β-Secretase(BACE)の活性抑制、γ-Secretaseの抑制が重要となり、またPresenilin活性の抑制もγ-Secretaseの抑制と同様の効果が得られることになる。   In order to suppress the production of Aβ, it is important to activate α-Secretase (TACE, ADAM-10-17), inhibit β-Secretase (BACE) activity, and γ-Secretase, and also inhibit Presenilin activity. -Same effect as suppression of secretase will be obtained.

1−2.ねじめびわ茶
ビワ(枇杷、学名:Eriobotrya japonica)はバラ科の常緑高木である。本発明においては、ビワ葉として乾燥葉を使用できる。ねじめびわ茶(商品名)はトルマリン石と共に高温加熱により焙煎したものであり、特許文献1に記載の方法に準じて製造される。ねじめびわ茶(ネジメビワ茶、根占枇杷茶、根占ビワ茶とも標記される)は、鹿児島県農業生産法人有限会社十津川農場から市販されているビワ茶である。
1-2. Nemebiwacha Biwa (salmon, Eriobotrya japonica) is an evergreen Takagi of the Rosaceae family. In the present invention, dry leaves can be used as loquat leaves. Nemebiwa tea (trade name) is roasted with high temperature heating together with tourmaline stone, and is produced according to the method described in Patent Document 1. Nemebiwa tea (also known as Nemebiwa tea, Nejio tea, Nejibiwa tea) is a Biwa tea marketed by Totsukawa Farm, Kagoshima Prefectural Agricultural Production Corporation.

2.ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末の調製
本発明におけるねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物は、ねじめびわ茶を熱水抽出に供して得ることができる。ねじめびわ茶からの熱水抽出を1回又は複数回繰り返すことでねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物を得ることができる。本発明において、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物には、当該抽出方法で得られた抽出液又はその希釈液が含まれる。
2. Preparation of Nemebiwa Tea Hot Water Extract, or Concentrate or Dry Powder thereof The Nemebiwa tea hot water extract of the present invention can be obtained by subjecting Nemebiwa tea to hot water extraction. A hot water extract from Nemebiwa tea can be obtained by repeating the hot water extraction from Nemebiwa tea one or more times. In the present invention, the Nemebiwa tea hot water extract includes the extract obtained by the extraction method or a diluted solution thereof.

また、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物を、通常の濃縮又は精製手段(減圧濃縮、濾過、遠心分離等)に供することで、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物の濃縮物を得ることができる。   In addition, the Nemebiwa tea hot water extract can be obtained by subjecting it to a normal concentration or purification means (vacuum concentration, filtration, centrifugation, etc.), thereby obtaining a Nemebiwa tea hot water extract.

さらに、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物又はその濃縮物を、通常の乾燥手段(凍結乾燥、熱風乾燥等)に供することで、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物の乾燥粉末等の乾燥物を得ることができる。   Furthermore, by using the Nemebiwa tea hot water extract or a concentrate thereof for usual drying means (freeze drying, hot air drying, etc.), a dried product such as a dried powder of Nemebiwa tea hot water extract is obtained. be able to.

3.アルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤の製造
以上のように説明したねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末を有効成分として用いることで、本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤を製造することができる。本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤は、飲食品又は医薬品として提供することができる。
3. Manufacture of Alzheimer's disease prevention or treatment agent Using the Nemebiwa tea hot water extract described above or its concentrate or dry powder as an active ingredient, the Alzheimer's disease prevention or treatment agent according to the present invention is produced. can do. The agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention can be provided as a food or drink or a medicine.

ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末の有効量を、錠剤、カプセル、顆粒、ドリンク、ペットボトル等の任意の形態に添加又は封入するか、あるいは任意の食品に添加することで、本発明に係る飲食品を得ることができる。本発明に係る飲食品は、アルツハイマー症予防又は治療作用を有する飲食品、特に、健康補助食品又は特定保健用食品として使用することができる。好ましくは、錠剤、カプセル、顆粒、ドリンク、ペットボトル等の形態の健康補助食品又は特定保健用食品とするのがよい。   An effective amount of Nemebiwa tea hot water extract or its concentrate or dry powder is added or encapsulated in any form such as tablets, capsules, granules, drinks, plastic bottles, etc., or added to any food Thus, the food or drink according to the present invention can be obtained. The food / beverage products according to the present invention can be used as a food / beverage product having an effect of preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease, particularly as a health supplement or a food for specified health use. Preferably, it is a health supplement or specific health food in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, drinks, PET bottles and the like.

飲食品には、例えば、菓子類、レトルト食品、ジュース類、お茶類、乳製品等が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。また、飲食品には、必要に応じて甘味剤、調味料、乳化剤、懸濁化剤、防腐剤等を添加してもよい。   Examples of the food and drink include, but are not limited to, confectionery, retort food, juices, teas, and dairy products. Moreover, you may add a sweetener, a seasoning, an emulsifier, a suspending agent, an antiseptic | preservative, etc. to food-drinks as needed.

本発明に係る飲食品に対するねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末の添加量は、摂取する成人体重1kg当たり0.1〜200mgに相当する範囲内の量又は1製品当たり例えば50mg〜1gであるが、この範囲に限定されない。   The amount of Nemebiwa tea hot water extract or its concentrate or dry powder added to the food and drink according to the present invention is an amount within a range corresponding to 0.1 to 200 mg per kg of adult body weight to be taken or 50 mg per product, for example. Although it is -1g, it is not limited to this range.

一方、本発明に係る医薬品には、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末以外に、さらに製薬上許容可能な担体(賦形剤若しくは希釈剤)並びに結合剤、増量剤、滑沢剤、崩壊剤、湿潤剤、乳化剤、緩衝剤、懸濁化剤、保存剤、着色剤、風味剤及び甘味剤等から適宜選択される添加剤を含有させることができる。   On the other hand, the pharmaceutical product according to the present invention includes, in addition to Nemebiwa tea hot water extract, its concentrate or dry powder, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier (excipient or diluent), a binder, and a bulking agent. Additives appropriately selected from lubricants, disintegrating agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, buffering agents, suspending agents, preservatives, coloring agents, flavoring agents, sweetening agents, and the like.

本発明に係る医薬品は、例えば経口投与用に製剤化され得る。製剤の形態としては、特に限定されないが、例えば溶液剤、錠剤、粉末剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤及びドリンク剤等が挙げられる。   The medicament according to the present invention may be formulated for oral administration, for example. Although it does not specifically limit as a form of a formulation, For example, a solution agent, a tablet, a powder agent, a granule, a capsule, a drink agent etc. are mentioned.

本発明に係る医薬品に含まれるねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末の用量は、患者の年齢、体重、性別、状態、重篤度等の要因によって変化しうる。患者に投与されるねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末の1日用量は、例えば患者の体重1kg当たり0.1〜200mg、好ましくは1〜100mgの範囲であるが、この範囲に限定されない。必要に応じて、用量を数回、例えば2〜3回に分けて分割投与してもよい。   The dose of Nemebiwa tea hot water extract or concentrate or dry powder contained in the pharmaceutical product according to the present invention may vary depending on factors such as the age, weight, sex, condition, and severity of the patient. The daily dose of Nemebiwa tea hot water extract or concentrate or dry powder administered to the patient is, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 200 mg, preferably 1 to 100 mg per kg of the patient's body weight. It is not limited to. If necessary, the dose may be divided and administered in several divided doses, for example, 2 to 3 times.

4.アルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤の薬理評価
本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤は、例えば以下のように薬理評価を行うことができる。
4). Pharmacological evaluation of Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic agent The Alzheimer's disease preventive or therapeutic agent according to the present invention can be pharmacologically evaluated as follows, for example.

具体的には、ヒトアミロイドβ(Aβ)遺伝子を導入したトランスジェニック(Tg)アルツハイマー症モデルマウス(B6.Cg-Tg(APPswe, PSEN1ΔE9))から、尾組織の一部を得て、ヒトAβタンパク質の発現を確認したマウスを、アルツハイマー症モデルマウスとして使用する。   Specifically, from a transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer's disease model mouse (B6.Cg-Tg (APPswe, PSEN1ΔE9)) into which a human amyloid β (Aβ) gene was introduced, a part of the tail tissue was obtained, and human Aβ protein Mice that confirmed the expression of are used as Alzheimer's disease model mice.

当該アルツハイマー症モデルマウスに、本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤を給餌し、飼育後に、脳組織中のAβタンパク質を検出する。本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤を給餌していないマウスと比較して、Aβ(特に不溶性Aβ)の産生が有意に抑制されている場合に、本発明に係るアルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤が良好にアルツハイマー症発症の抑制又は減少作用を有すると判断できる。   The Alzheimer's disease model mouse is fed with the agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention, and after breeding, Aβ protein in brain tissue is detected. When the production of Aβ (particularly insoluble Aβ) is significantly suppressed as compared to a mouse that is not fed the agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention, the agent for preventing or treating Alzheimer's disease according to the present invention is It can be judged that it has the effect of suppressing or reducing the onset of Alzheimer's disease.

以下、実施例を用いて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明の技術的範囲はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail using an Example, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to these Examples.

以下の実施例で使用するねじめびわ茶は、鹿児島県農業生産法人有限会社十津川農場から市販されているものである。図中の結果は、各群の平均値又は平均値±標準誤差で示す。   Nemebiwa tea used in the following examples is commercially available from Totsugawa Farm, Kagoshima Agricultural Production Corporation. The results in the figure are shown as an average value or an average value ± standard error of each group.

〔実施例1〕ねじめびわ茶の脳機能劣化症発症の抑制効果
1. 材料及び方法
ねじめびわ茶乾燥葉20gに水2000mlを加え、沸騰するまで加熱し、さらに95℃で30分間加熱抽出に供した。その後、濾過により、抽出液を集め、減圧下、80〜90℃で濃縮した。さらに、この濃縮物を凍結乾燥処理に供することで、ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物の乾燥粉末を得た。この乾燥粉末は、使用時まで-20℃で保存した。使用時には、この乾燥粉末の0.4%水溶液を作製し、実験マウスに与えた。なお、この水溶液は、3日毎に飲水ボトルを洗浄し直し、新しいものに取り換えた。本実施例では、当該水溶液を、単に「ねじめびわ茶」又は「ビワ茶」と称する。
[Example 1] Inhibitory effect of Nemebiwa tea on the onset of brain function deterioration
1. Material and method 2000 ml of water was added to 20 g of dried Nemebiwa tea, heated until boiling, and further subjected to heat extraction at 95 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the extract was collected by filtration and concentrated at 80 to 90 ° C. under reduced pressure. Furthermore, this concentrate was subjected to a freeze-drying treatment to obtain a dry powder of Nemebiwa tea hot water extract. This dry powder was stored at −20 ° C. until use. At the time of use, a 0.4% aqueous solution of this dry powder was prepared and given to experimental mice. This aqueous solution was re-washed every 3 days and replaced with a new one. In this embodiment, the aqueous solution is simply referred to as “Nemebiwa tea” or “Biwa tea”.

ヒトアミロイドβ(Aβ)遺伝子を導入したトランスジェニック(Tg)アルツハイマー症モデルマウス(B6.Cg-Tg(APPswe, PSEN1ΔE9);雄雌それぞれ6匹5ケ月齢;なお、これらのマウスは尾より組織を得て、遺伝子増幅を行い、ヒトアミロイドβ遺伝子が導入されていることを確認した個体)に、通常の実験飼料を与え、上記で作製した0.4%ねじめびわ茶を飲料水として与えた。ねじめびわ茶水溶液は二日毎に新しく調製した。対照区には水を与えた。飼育は24℃で、12時間暗明(7:00-19:00明)条件下で飼育した。飲食は自由摂取とし、6ケ月間投与した。   Transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer's disease model mouse (B6.Cg-Tg (APPswe, PSEN1ΔE9)) into which human amyloid β (Aβ) gene was introduced; each male and female were 5 months old; Obtained and subjected to gene amplification and confirmed that the human amyloid β gene was introduced) was fed a normal experimental feed, and the 0.4% Nejimebiwa tea produced above was given as drinking water. Nemebiwa tea aqueous solution was prepared fresh every two days. Water was given to the control group. The breeding was carried out at 24 ° C. for 12 hours under dark conditions (7: 00-19: 00 light). Food and drink were ad libitum and were administered for 6 months.

ねじめびわ茶を6ケ月間投与後、マウスを頸椎剥離し、安楽死させた。これらのマウスの頭部を切開し、脳を得た。前頭部の嗅球と後部の小脳を除去し、得られる大脳部を-80℃で凍結保存した。   After administration of Nemebiwa tea for 6 months, the mice were detached from the cervical spine and euthanized. The brains were obtained by dissecting the heads of these mice. The frontal olfactory bulb and posterior cerebellum were removed, and the resulting cerebrum was stored frozen at -80 ° C.

次いで、凍結保存した大脳を、氷冷bufferでホモゲナイズし、さらに1 min超音波処理し、次いで10,000 rpm、4℃で遠心処理することで、上澄みを得た。得られた上澄みを一定量ずつSDS-PAGEに供し、電気泳動を行った。   Subsequently, the cryopreserved cerebrum was homogenized with an ice-cold buffer, further sonicated for 1 min, and then centrifuged at 10,000 rpm at 4 ° C. to obtain a supernatant. The obtained supernatant was subjected to SDS-PAGE by a certain amount and subjected to electrophoresis.

電気泳動の終了後、ニトロセルロース膜への転写を行い、スキムミルクでブロッテイングした。洗浄後、感光反応-標識抗アミロイド抗体を結合させた。   After completion of electrophoresis, transfer to a nitrocellulose membrane was performed and blotted with skim milk. After washing, a photosensitive reaction-labeled anti-amyloid antibody was bound.

得られたブロットを感光紙上に置き、適時感光させて、目的のアミロイドタンパク質のバンドを検出した。   The obtained blot was placed on a photosensitive paper and exposed to light in a timely manner to detect a target amyloid protein band.

2. 結果
脳のアミロイドβ(Aβ)タンパク質の中で、不溶性Aβ(高分子化しているAβ;この大部分は老人色素を形成していると推定される)の減少がビワ茶の長期摂取で減少していることから、アルツハイマー症の主要な原因タンパク質である老人色素量の減少が窺えた。従って、ねじめびわ茶摂取により、アルツハイマー症の抑制が示された(図3及び図4)。
2. Results Among the amyloid β (Aβ) proteins in the brain, a decrease in insoluble Aβ (polymerized Aβ; most of which is presumed to form senile pigments) is due to long-term intake of loquat tea. From the decrease, the amount of senile pigment, which is the main causative protein of Alzheimer's disease, decreased. Therefore, suppression of Alzheimer's disease was shown by ingestion of Nemebiwa tea (FIGS. 3 and 4).

また、アルツハイマー症の2番目の要因である神経細胞死を引き起こす過剰リン酸化Tauタンパク質の定量を行った。図5及び図6に示すように、リン酸化Tauタンパク質はビワ茶の長期摂取で明らかに減少しており、神経細胞の死滅は大幅に抑制されていたことが明らかである。即ち、ねじめびわ茶摂取により、アルツハイマー症の抑制が窺えた。   We also quantified hyperphosphorylated Tau protein, which causes neuronal cell death, the second cause of Alzheimer's disease. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, phosphorylated Tau protein was clearly decreased by long-term intake of loquat tea, and it was clear that the death of neurons was greatly suppressed. In other words, Alzheimer's disease was suppressed by ingesting Nemebiwa tea.

次に、マウス脳内のpGSK、Neprilysin及びBACEについて検討した(図7〜図11)。
先ず、pGSKに関して、図2からも分かるように、pGSKがGSKに脱リン酸化されると活性型となり、タウタンパク質のリン酸化がより進行する。即ち、過剰なリン酸化Tauタンパク質の蓄積へと進行し、神経細胞の死滅へと進む。図7及び図8に示すように、ねじめびわ茶はこの一連の流れを抑制するので、アルツハイマー症のもう1つの主症状である神経細胞の死滅を抑え、アルツハイマー症の進展を抑制した。
Next, pGSK, Neprilysin and BACE in the mouse brain were examined (FIGS. 7 to 11).
First, as can be seen from FIG. 2, regarding pGSK, when pGSK is dephosphorylated to GSK, it becomes an active form, and phosphorylation of tau protein further proceeds. That is, it proceeds to the accumulation of excess phosphorylated Tau protein, and proceeds to the death of nerve cells. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, Nemebiwa tea suppresses this series of flows, thereby suppressing the death of nerve cells, which is another main symptom of Alzheimer's disease, and suppressing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

pGSKの結果に対応するように、リン酸化されていないGSK量はビワ茶長期摂取で減少することが示された(図9)。このことは、Tauタンパク質がリン酸化される割合が減少することで、アルツハイマー症の発症を抑制することを意味する。   Corresponding to the result of pGSK, it was shown that the amount of unphosphorylated GSK decreases with long-term intake of loquat tea (FIG. 9). This means that the onset of Alzheimer's disease is suppressed by decreasing the rate at which Tau protein is phosphorylated.

マウス脳内のNeprilysinの変動に関しては、図10に示すように、ねじめびわ茶摂取によりNeprilysin量は上昇しており、これは生じたAβ40/42の分解系が進展していたことを示し、Aβ40/42の蓄積が抑制され、アルツハイマー症の発症が抑制された。   Regarding the fluctuation of Neprilysin in the mouse brain, as shown in FIG. 10, the amount of Neprilysin was increased by ingestion of Nemelywa tea, indicating that the resulting degradation system of Aβ40 / 42 was progressing, Accumulation of Aβ40 / 42 was suppressed, and the onset of Alzheimer's disease was suppressed.

Aβ40/42を分解する酵素の代表はNeprilysinであるが、Insulin分解酵素も同じような作用を有するので、両者ともに重要である。Aβを分解する能力を有するInsulin分解酵素が糖質中心の食生活習慣によって多量に分泌される血中のInsulinに集中的に作用するため、脳でのInsulin分解酵素の濃度が低下し、Aβの分解に手が回らずAβが蓄積されてしまうことになる。   The representative enzyme that degrades Aβ40 / 42 is Neprilysin, but insulin-degrading enzymes have the same effect, so both are important. Insulin-degrading enzyme that has the ability to degrade Aβ acts intensively on insulin in the blood that is secreted in large amounts by carbohydrate-based dietary habits, so the concentration of insulin-degrading enzyme in the brain decreases, and Aβ Aβ will accumulate without being turned on for decomposition.

そこで、2型糖尿病(血糖値が高いため、Insulinが高濃度に分泌される)にならない生活習慣が肝要である。従って、特許文献2に記載されるように、ねじめびわ茶抽出物は高血糖降下作用を有し、併せてアルツハイマー症を代表とする痴呆症の抑制又は軽減剤として極めて有用とみなされる。   Therefore, it is important to have a lifestyle that does not result in type 2 diabetes (because of high blood sugar levels, insulin is secreted at high concentrations). Therefore, as described in Patent Document 2, Nemebiwa tea extract has a hypoglycemic action and is considered to be extremely useful as an agent for suppressing or reducing dementia typified by Alzheimer's disease.

図1の脳でのアミロイドタンパク質の産生機構に示すように、Aβタンパク質の産生は先ずアミロイドタンパク前駆体(APP)にβSecretase(BACE)が作用することから始まる。その第1ステップの酵素であるBACE量の変化を検討した。図11に示すように、ねじめびわ茶の長期摂取でBACE量が抑制されたことが明らかとなり、ねじめびわ茶によりAβの産生量が抑制されることが示された。   As shown in the production mechanism of amyloid protein in the brain of FIG. 1, the production of Aβ protein begins with βSecretase (BACE) acting on amyloid protein precursor (APP). The change in the amount of BACE, which is the enzyme in the first step, was examined. As shown in FIG. 11, it was revealed that the amount of BACE was suppressed by long-term ingestion of Nemebiwa tea, indicating that the amount of Aβ produced was suppressed by Nemebiwa tea.

Claims (1)

ねじめびわ茶熱水抽出物、又はその濃縮物若しくは乾燥粉末を有効成分として含有する、アルツハイマー症予防又は治療剤。   A preventive or therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease, containing Nemebiwa tea hot water extract, or a concentrate or dry powder thereof as an active ingredient.
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