JP2016095934A - Secondary battery - Google Patents
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- JP2016095934A JP2016095934A JP2014229879A JP2014229879A JP2016095934A JP 2016095934 A JP2016095934 A JP 2016095934A JP 2014229879 A JP2014229879 A JP 2014229879A JP 2014229879 A JP2014229879 A JP 2014229879A JP 2016095934 A JP2016095934 A JP 2016095934A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、二次電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a secondary battery.
特許文献１（特開２００５−２２８５１２号公報）には、２次元アスペクト比が１．０２以上３以下である活物質を用いれば、活物質を合剤層に高密度に充填できるので、非水電解液二次電池のサイクル特性を高めることができると記載されている。 In Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-228512), if an active material having a two-dimensional aspect ratio of 1.02 or more and 3 or less is used, the active material can be filled in the mixture layer with high density. It is described that the cycle characteristics of the electrolyte secondary battery can be improved.
二次電池の充放電によって活物質が膨張又は収縮すると、非水電解液が合剤層から排出され易くなる。合剤層における活物質の密度が高ければ、合剤層における非水電解液の拡散性が低下するので、ハイレート充放電時に合剤層の内部でリチウムイオン（Ｌｉ+）の枯渇が生じる。その結果、電池抵抗の増加、それに伴う電池容量の低下が生じる。本発明では、ハイレート充放電時における合剤層の内部でのＬｉ+の枯渇を防止可能な二次電池の提供を目的とする。 When the active material expands or contracts due to charge / discharge of the secondary battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte is easily discharged from the mixture layer. If the density of the active material in the mixture layer is high, the diffusibility of the non-aqueous electrolyte in the mixture layer is reduced, so that lithium ions (Li + ) are depleted inside the mixture layer during high-rate charge / discharge. As a result, the battery resistance increases and the battery capacity decreases accordingly. An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery capable of preventing the depletion of Li + in the mixture layer during high rate charge / discharge.
本発明の二次電池は、正極集電体と、正極集電体に設けられ、正極活物質を含む正極合剤層とを有する正極と、負極集電体と、負極集電体に設けられ、負極活物質を含む負極合剤層とを有する負極とを備る。正極合剤層は、密度が１．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以上２．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以下である。正極活物質は、中空構造を有し、比表面積が０．８ｍ2／ｇ以上１．４ｍ2／ｇ以下であり、平均粒径が３μｍ以上であり、球形度が０．８以上１未満である。負極合剤層は、密度が０．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以上１．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以下である。負極活物質は、球形度が０．８以上１未満である。 The secondary battery of the present invention is provided in a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode current collector, a positive electrode having a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode current collector. And a negative electrode having a negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material. The positive electrode mixture layer has a density of 1.5 g / cm 3 or more and 2.8 g / cm 3 or less. The positive electrode active material has a hollow structure, a specific surface area of 0.8 m 2 / g or more and 1.4 m 2 / g or less, an average particle diameter of 3 μm or more, and a sphericity of 0.8 or more and less than 1. is there. The negative electrode mixture layer has a density of 0.8 g / cm 3 or more and 1.5 g / cm 3 or less. The negative electrode active material has a sphericity of 0.8 or more and less than 1.
本発明の二次電池では、正極合剤層及び負極合剤層の各密度が低く抑えられているので、正極合剤層及び負極合剤層のそれぞれにおいて非水電解液の拡散性を高めることができる。これにより、本発明の二次電池に対してハイレート充放電を行った場合であっても、正極合剤層及び負極合剤層のそれぞれの内部でのＬｉ+の枯渇を防止できる。 In the secondary battery of the present invention, since the densities of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer are kept low, the diffusibility of the non-aqueous electrolyte is increased in each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer. Can do. Thereby, even when the high-rate charge / discharge is performed on the secondary battery of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the depletion of Li + in each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer.
本発明の二次電池に対してハイレート充放電を行った場合であっても、正極合剤層及び負極合剤層のそれぞれの内部でのＬｉ+の枯渇を防止できる。よって、本発明では、電池抵抗の増加を防止でき、電池容量の低下を防止できる。 Even when high-rate charge / discharge is performed on the secondary battery of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the depletion of Li + in each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer. Therefore, in the present invention, an increase in battery resistance can be prevented, and a decrease in battery capacity can be prevented.
以下、本発明について説明する。なお、本発明の図面において、同一の参照符号は、同一部分又は相当部分を表すものである。また、長さ、幅、厚さ、深さ等の寸法関係は図面の明瞭化と簡略化のために適宜変更されており、実際の寸法関係を表すものではない。 The present invention will be described below. In the drawings of the present invention, the same reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts. In addition, dimensional relationships such as length, width, thickness, and depth are changed as appropriate for clarity and simplification of the drawings, and do not represent actual dimensional relationships.
［二次電池の構成］
本実施形態の二次電池では、電極体と非水電解液とが電池ケースに収容されている。電極体は、正極と、負極と、セパレータとを備える。正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体に設けられた正極合剤層とを有し、正極合剤層は、正極活物質を含む。負極は、負極集電体と、負極集電体に設けられた負極合剤層とを有し、負極合剤層は、負極活物質を含む。セパレータは、正極合剤層と負極合剤層との間に設けられている。非水電解液は、正極合剤層、負極合剤層及びセパレータの少なくとも１つに保持されている。
[Configuration of secondary battery]
In the secondary battery of this embodiment, the electrode body and the non-aqueous electrolyte are accommodated in a battery case. The electrode body includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode mixture layer includes a positive electrode active material. The negative electrode has a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode mixture layer provided on the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material. The separator is provided between the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is held in at least one of the positive electrode mixture layer, the negative electrode mixture layer, and the separator.
（合剤層の密度、活物質の球形度）
正極では、正極合剤層の密度が１．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以上２．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であり、正極活物質の球形度が０．８以上１未満である。このように、本実施形態では、正極活物質の球形度が高く、且つ、正極合剤層の密度が低い。これにより、非水電解液が正極活物質の表面全体に濡れ易くなる。また、正極合剤層の空孔度を高めることができる。
(Density layer density, active material sphericity)
In the positive electrode, the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is 1.5 g / cm 3 or more and 2.8 g / cm 3 or less, and the sphericity of the positive electrode active material is 0.8 or more and less than 1. Thus, in this embodiment, the sphericity of the positive electrode active material is high, and the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is low. Thereby, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is easily wetted on the entire surface of the positive electrode active material. Moreover, the porosity of the positive electrode mixture layer can be increased.
同様に、負極では、負極合剤層の密度が０．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以上１．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であり、負極活物質の球形度が０．８以上１未満である。このように、本実施形態では、負極活物質の球形度が高く、且つ、負極合剤層の密度が低い。これにより、非水電解液が負極活物質の表面全体に濡れ易くなる。また、負極合剤層の空孔度を高めることができる。 Similarly, in the negative electrode, the density of the negative electrode mixture layer is 0.8 g / cm 3 or more and 1.5 g / cm 3 or less, and the sphericity of the negative electrode active material is 0.8 or more and less than 1. Thus, in this embodiment, the sphericity of the negative electrode active material is high, and the density of the negative electrode mixture layer is low. Thereby, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is easily wetted on the entire surface of the negative electrode active material. Moreover, the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer can be increased.
このように非水電解液が正極活物質の表面全体と負極活物質の表面全体とに濡れ易くなれば、充放電反応がスムーズに進行する。 Thus, if the non-aqueous electrolyte becomes easy to wet the entire surface of the positive electrode active material and the entire surface of the negative electrode active material, the charge / discharge reaction proceeds smoothly.
正極合剤層の空孔度と負極合剤層の空孔度とを高めることができれば、正極合剤層と負極合剤層とにおいて非水電解液の拡散性を高めることができる。これにより、本実施形態の二次電池に対してハイレート充放電を繰り返し行っても、正極合剤層及び負極合剤層のそれぞれの内部でのＬｉ+の枯渇を防止できる。よって、本実施形態では、電池抵抗の増加を防止でき、電池容量の低下を防止できる。好ましくは、正極合剤層の密度は１．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以上２．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であり、正極活物質の球形度は０．８以上０．９１以下であり、負極合剤層の密度は１．０ｇ／ｃｍ3以上１．４ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であり、負極活物質の球形度は０．８以上０．９５以下である。 If the porosity of the positive electrode mixture layer and the porosity of the negative electrode mixture layer can be increased, the diffusibility of the non-aqueous electrolyte can be increased in the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer. Thereby, even if high-rate charge / discharge is repeatedly performed on the secondary battery of this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the depletion of Li + in each of the positive electrode mixture layer and the negative electrode mixture layer. Therefore, in this embodiment, an increase in battery resistance can be prevented and a decrease in battery capacity can be prevented. Preferably, the density of the positive electrode mixture layer is 1.8 g / cm 3 or more and 2.5 g / cm 3 or less, the sphericity of the positive electrode active material is 0.8 or more and 0.91 or less, The density is 1.0 g / cm 3 or more and 1.4 g / cm 3 or less, and the sphericity of the negative electrode active material is 0.8 or more and 0.95 or less.
単位面積当たりの正極合剤層の質量を正極合剤層の厚さで割ることにより、「正極合剤層の密度」を算出できる。所定の底面積を有するように正極を切り取り、切り取られた正極の質量から、かかる正極に含まれる正極集電体の質量を差し引く。これにより、「単位面積当たりの正極合剤層の質量」を求めることができる。また、正極のＳＥＭ（Scanning Electron Microscope）画像の解析により、「正極合剤層の厚さ」を求めることができる。同様の方法で負極合剤層の密度を算出できる。 By dividing the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer per unit area by the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer, the “density of the positive electrode mixture layer” can be calculated. The positive electrode is cut so as to have a predetermined bottom area, and the mass of the positive electrode current collector contained in the positive electrode is subtracted from the mass of the cut positive electrode. Thereby, "mass of the positive mix layer per unit area" can be calculated | required. Moreover, the “thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer” can be obtained by analyzing a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image of the positive electrode. The density of the negative electrode mixture layer can be calculated by the same method.
「正極活物質の球形度」とは、Ｌに対するＳの割合の平均値を意味する（図１）。「Ｌ」とは、正極活物質を構成する材料の二次粒子のＳＥＭ画像における最大長を意味する。「Ｓ」とは、正極活物質を構成する材料の二次粒子のＳＥＭ画像において、最大長に対して垂直な方向における当該二次粒子の大きさを意味する。正極活物質の球形度が１に近いほど、その正極活物質の外形が真球に近いと言える。「正極活物質を構成する材料の二次粒子」とは、正極活物質を構成する材料の一次粒子が複数集合して構成されたものである。「正極活物質を構成する材料の一次粒子」とは、正極活物質を構成する材料（例えばリチウムを含む複合酸化物）の単結晶が複数集合して構成されたもの、又は、単結晶に近い結晶子が複数集合して構成されたものであり、外見上の幾何学的形態から判断して単位粒子(ultimate particle)と考えられるものである。「負極活物質の球形度」についても同様のことが言える。 The “sphericity of the positive electrode active material” means an average value of the ratio of S to L (FIG. 1). “L” means the maximum length in the SEM image of the secondary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material. “S” means the size of the secondary particles in the direction perpendicular to the maximum length in the SEM image of the secondary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material. It can be said that the closer the sphericity of the positive electrode active material is to 1, the closer the outer shape of the positive electrode active material is to a true sphere. The “secondary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material” is constituted by a plurality of primary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material. “Primary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material” means a material composed of a plurality of single crystals of the material constituting the positive electrode active material (for example, a composite oxide containing lithium), or close to a single crystal. It is composed of a plurality of crystallites, and is considered to be a unit particle (judged particle) based on the apparent geometric form. The same can be said for the “sphericity of the negative electrode active material”.
（正極活物質）
正極活物質では、比表面積が０．８ｍ2／ｇ以上１．４ｍ2／ｇ以下であり、平均粒径が３μｍ以上である。これにより、正極活物質において非水電解液による濡れ面積を確保できるので、充放電反応がより一層スムーズに進行する。好ましくは、正極活物質では、比表面積が１．０ｍ2／ｇ以上１．３ｍ2／ｇ以下であり、平均粒径が４μｍ以上８μｍ以下である。
(Positive electrode active material)
In the positive electrode active material, the specific surface area is 0.8 m 2 / g or more and 1.4 m 2 / g or less, and the average particle diameter is 3 μm or more. Thereby, since the wetting area by the nonaqueous electrolyte solution can be secured in the positive electrode active material, the charge / discharge reaction proceeds more smoothly. Preferably, the positive electrode active material has a specific surface area of 1.0 m 2 / g to 1.3 m 2 / g and an average particle size of 4 μm to 8 μm.
「正極活物質の比表面積」とは、ＢＥＴ法により測定された二次粒子（正極活物質を構成する材料の二次粒子）の比表面積を意味する。また、正極活物質の平均粒径は、二次粒子（正極活物質を構成する材料の二次粒子）の数平均粒径を意味し、かかる二次粒子のＳＥＭ画像を解析することにより求められる。 The “specific surface area of the positive electrode active material” means the specific surface area of secondary particles (secondary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material) measured by the BET method. Further, the average particle diameter of the positive electrode active material means the number average particle diameter of secondary particles (secondary particles of materials constituting the positive electrode active material), and is obtained by analyzing an SEM image of the secondary particles. .
さらに、正極活物質（具体的には、正極活物質を構成する二次粒子）は、殻部と、殻部の内部に形成された中空部とを有する中空構造を有する。これにより、本実施形態の二次電池は、低ＳＯＣ（state of charge）で高出力を発揮できるので、低ＳＯＣで出力が求められる用途（例えば車両用電源としての用途）に好適である。 Furthermore, the positive electrode active material (specifically, the secondary particles constituting the positive electrode active material) has a hollow structure having a shell part and a hollow part formed inside the shell part. Thereby, since the secondary battery of this embodiment can exhibit high output with low SOC (state of charge), it is suitable for the use (for example, use as a power supply for vehicles) for which output is required with low SOC.
好ましくは、正極活物質では、一次粒子のアスペクト比が１．５以上である。これにより、正極活物質が上記中空構造を有する場合と同様の効果が得られる。より好ましくは、一次粒子のアスペクト比が１．６以上３．０以下である。ここで、「正極活物質の球形度」の測定方法と同様の方法で正極活物質を構成する材料の一次粒子のアスペクト比を求めることができる。 Preferably, in the positive electrode active material, the aspect ratio of the primary particles is 1.5 or more. Thereby, the same effect as the case where a positive electrode active material has the said hollow structure is acquired. More preferably, the aspect ratio of the primary particles is 1.6 or more and 3.0 or less. Here, the aspect ratio of the primary particles of the material constituting the positive electrode active material can be obtained by the same method as the method for measuring the “sphericity of the positive electrode active material”.
（負極活物質）
好ましくは、負極活物質では、黒鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が非晶質炭素で被覆され、平均粒径が８μｍ以上であり、亜麻仁油の吸油量が３５（ｍＬ／１００ｇ）以上である。これにより、二次電池の抵抗と二次電池の製造コストとを低く抑えることができる。
(Negative electrode active material)
Preferably, in the negative electrode active material, at least a part of the surface of the graphite particles is coated with amorphous carbon, the average particle diameter is 8 μm or more, and the oil absorption of linseed oil is 35 (mL / 100 g) or more. Thereby, the resistance of the secondary battery and the manufacturing cost of the secondary battery can be kept low.
負極活物質のＴＥＭ（transmission electron microscope）画像を解析すれば、黒鉛粒子の表面の少なくとも一部が非晶質炭素で被覆されているか否かを確認できる。「負極活物質の平均粒径」は、負極活物質のＳＥＭ画像を解析することにより求められる。ＪＩＳ Ｋ ６２１７−４：２００８（ゴム用カーボンブラック−基本特性−第４部：オイル吸収量の求め方（圧縮試料を含む））に準拠して、負極活物質の亜麻仁油の吸油量を求めることができる。 By analyzing a TEM (transmission electron microscope) image of the negative electrode active material, it can be confirmed whether or not at least a part of the surface of the graphite particles is covered with amorphous carbon. The “average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material” is obtained by analyzing an SEM image of the negative electrode active material. In accordance with JIS K 6217-4: 2008 (carbon black for rubber-basic characteristics-part 4: determination of oil absorption (including compressed samples)), the oil absorption of linseed oil as the negative electrode active material is determined. Can do.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下に限定されない。
［実施例１］
＜正極活物質の作製＞
（核生成）
硫酸ニッケル（ＮｉＳＯ4）、硫酸コバルト（ＣｏＳＯ4）及び硫酸マンガン（ＭｎＳＯ4）を水に溶解させ、第１水溶液を得た。得られた第１水溶液では、Ｎｉ：Ｃｏ：Ｍｎのモル比が約０．３４：０．３３：０．３３であり、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ及びＭｎの合計濃度が１．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌであった。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not limited to the following.
[Example 1]
<Preparation of positive electrode active material>
(Nucleation)
Nickel sulfate (NiSO 4 ), cobalt sulfate (CoSO 4 ) and manganese sulfate (MnSO 4 ) were dissolved in water to obtain a first aqueous solution. In the obtained first aqueous solution, the molar ratio of Ni: Co: Mn was about 0.34: 0.33: 0.33, and the total concentration of Ni, Co and Mn was 1.8 mol / L.
攪拌装置及び窒素導入管が取り付けられた反応槽に、その反応槽の容量の半分程度の水を入れ、攪拌しながら４０℃に加熱した。窒素気流によって反応槽内の空間を酸素濃度２．０％の非酸化性雰囲気に維持しつつ、２５質量％の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と２５質量％のアンモニア水とをそれぞれ適量、反応槽に加えた。このようにして、アルカリ性水溶液（ＮＨ3・ＮａＯＨ水溶液）を得た。得られたアルカリ性水溶液（ＮＨ3・ＮａＯＨ水溶液）では、液温２５℃を基準としたときのｐＨが１２．０であり、液相のアンモニア濃度が２０ｇ／Ｌであった。 In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, about half the capacity of the reaction vessel was added and heated to 40 ° C. while stirring. While maintaining the space in the reaction vessel in a non-oxidizing atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 2.0% by a nitrogen stream, appropriate amounts of 25% by mass sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 25% by mass ammonia water were added to the reaction vessel. . In this way, an alkaline aqueous solution (NH 3 · NaOH aqueous solution) was obtained. The obtained alkaline aqueous solution (NH 3 · NaOH aqueous solution) had a pH of 12.0 when the liquid temperature was 25 ° C., and the liquid phase ammonia concentration was 20 g / L.
上記反応槽中のアルカリ性水溶液に、第１水溶液と、２５質量％の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液と、２５質量％のアンモニア水とを一定速度で供給した。このようにして得られた反応液のｐＨを１２．０以上（具体的にはｐＨ１２．０〜１４．０）に維持し、且つ、その反応液のアンモニア濃度を２０ｇ／Ｌに維持しながら、その反応液から水酸化物を晶析させた。 A first aqueous solution, a 25 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and 25 mass% aqueous ammonia were supplied at a constant rate to the alkaline aqueous solution in the reaction vessel. While maintaining the pH of the reaction solution thus obtained at 12.0 or more (specifically, pH 12.0 to 14.0) and maintaining the ammonia concentration of the reaction solution at 20 g / L, A hydroxide was crystallized from the reaction solution.
（粒子成長）
次に、第１水溶液、２５質量％の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液及び２５質量％のアンモニア水のそれぞれの上記反応槽への供給速度を調節して反応液のｐＨを１２．０未満（具体的にはｐＨ１０．５〜１１．９）に調整し、液相のアンモニア濃度を１〜２０ｇ／Ｌの範囲の所定濃度に制御しながら、上記（核生成）で生成された核を粒子成長させた。
(Particle growth)
Next, the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted to less than 12.0 by adjusting the feed rate of the first aqueous solution, 25% by mass of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and 25% by mass of ammonia water to the reaction tank. The nuclei produced in the above (nucleation) were grown while adjusting the pH to 10.5 to 11.9) and controlling the ammonia concentration in the liquid phase to a predetermined concentration in the range of 1 to 20 g / L.
（混合）
続いて、得られた生成物を上記反応槽から取り出して、水洗し、乾燥させた。これにより、ＮｉとＣｏとＭｎとを含む複合水酸化物（前駆体水酸化物）を得た。この前駆体水酸化物に、大気雰囲気中、１５０℃で１２時間の熱処理を施した。その後、Ｌｉ：（Ｎｉ＋Ｃｏ＋Ｍｎ）のモル比が１．１４：１となるように、Ｌｉ2ＣＯ3（リチウム源）と上記前駆体水酸化物とを混合した。
(mixture)
Subsequently, the obtained product was taken out of the reaction vessel, washed with water and dried. This obtained the composite hydroxide (precursor hydroxide) containing Ni, Co, and Mn. This precursor hydroxide was subjected to a heat treatment at 150 ° C. for 12 hours in an air atmosphere. Thereafter, Li 2 CO 3 (lithium source) and the precursor hydroxide were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li: (Ni + Co + Mn) was 1.14: 1.
得られた未焼成混合物を、大気雰囲気中、昇温速度を５℃／分として９５０℃にまで温度を上げ、９５０℃で７時間焼成した。その後、焼成物を冷却し、解砕し、篩分けを行った。このようにして、ＬｉＮｉ0.34Ｃｏ0.33Ｍｎ0.33Ｏ2で表される平均組成を有する正極活物質を得た。得られた正極活物質（二次粒子）のＳＥＭ画像を観察し、その正極活物質が中空構造を有することを確認した。また、正極活物質の比表面積は０．８ｍ2／ｇ以上１．４ｍ2／ｇ以下に調整されており、正極活物質の平均粒径は４〜８μｍであり、正極活物質の球形度は０．８であった。 The obtained unsintered mixture was fired at 950 ° C. for 7 hours in an air atmosphere at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min up to 950 ° C. Thereafter, the fired product was cooled, crushed and sieved. In this way, a positive electrode active material having an average composition represented by LiNi 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 was obtained. An SEM image of the obtained positive electrode active material (secondary particles) was observed, and it was confirmed that the positive electrode active material had a hollow structure. The specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is adjusted to 0.8 m 2 / g or more and 1.4 m 2 / g or less, the average particle size of the positive electrode active material is 4 to 8 μm, and the sphericity of the positive electrode active material is 0.8.
＜正極の作製＞
質量比で９０：８：２となるように、作製された正極活物質とアセチレンブラック（導電剤）とポリフッ化ビニリデン（結着剤）とを混ぜた。得られた混合物をＮＭＰ（N-methylpyrrolidone）で希釈して、正極合剤ペーストを得た。
<Preparation of positive electrode>
The prepared positive electrode active material, acetylene black (conductive agent), and polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) were mixed so that the mass ratio was 90: 8: 2. The obtained mixture was diluted with NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone) to obtain a positive electrode mixture paste.
Ａｌ箔（正極集電体）の幅方向一端が露出するように正極合剤ペーストをＡｌ箔の両面に塗布した後、その正極合剤ペーストを乾燥させた。これにより、正極合剤層がＡｌ箔の両面に形成された。その後、ロール圧延機を用いて正極合剤層及びＡｌ箔を圧延した。このようにして正極を得た。 The positive electrode mixture paste was applied to both sides of the Al foil so that one end in the width direction of the Al foil (positive electrode current collector) was exposed, and then the positive electrode mixture paste was dried. Thereby, the positive mix layer was formed on both surfaces of the Al foil. Then, the positive mix layer and Al foil were rolled using the roll mill. In this way, a positive electrode was obtained.
＜負極活物質の作製＞
カウンター式ジェットミルを用いて、平均粒径が１５μｍになるまで鱗片状天然黒鉛（粒度：１００メッシュ９０％以上通過、純度：９９％以上）を粉砕した。
<Preparation of negative electrode active material>
Using a counter-type jet mill, flaky natural graphite (particle size: passing 100 mesh 90% or more, purity: 99% or more) was pulverized until the average particle size became 15 μm.
次に、筒状の槽の下側に３個の対向ノズルが取り付けられた装置を準備した。粉砕された天然黒鉛をその槽に供給した後、対向ノズルのそれぞれからジェット気流を槽内に吹き込んだ。これにより、平均粒径が１５μｍであり、且つ、球形度が０．８である負極活物質を得た。 Next, an apparatus was prepared in which three counter nozzles were attached to the lower side of the cylindrical tank. After the pulverized natural graphite was supplied to the tank, a jet stream was blown into the tank from each of the opposed nozzles. As a result, a negative electrode active material having an average particle diameter of 15 μm and a sphericity of 0.8 was obtained.
＜負極の作製＞
質量比で９８：１：１となるように、作製された負極活物質とＣＭＣ（carboxymethylcellulose）（増粘剤）とＳＢＲ（スチレンブタジエンゴム（Styrene-butadiene rubber））（結着剤）とを混ぜた。得られた混合物を水で希釈して、負極合剤ペーストを得た。
<Production of negative electrode>
The prepared negative electrode active material, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose) (thickener) and SBR (Styrene-butadiene rubber) (binder) are mixed so that the mass ratio is 98: 1: 1. It was. The obtained mixture was diluted with water to obtain a negative electrode mixture paste.
Ｃｕ箔（負極集電体）の幅方向一端が露出するように負極合剤ペーストをＣｕ箔の両面に塗布した後、その負極合剤ペーストを乾燥させた。これにより、負極合剤層がＣｕ箔の両面に形成された。その後、ロール圧延機を用いて負極合剤層及びＣｕ箔を圧延した。このようにして、負極合剤層の密度が１．２ｇ／ｃｍ3である負極を得た。 After applying the negative electrode mixture paste on both surfaces of the Cu foil so that one end in the width direction of the Cu foil (negative electrode current collector) was exposed, the negative electrode mixture paste was dried. Thereby, the negative mix layer was formed in both surfaces of Cu foil. Then, the negative mix layer and Cu foil were rolled using the roll mill. In this way, a negative electrode having a density of the negative electrode mixture layer of 1.2 g / cm 3 was obtained.
＜電極体の作製、挿入＞
まず、Ａｌ箔が正極合剤層から露出する部分（正極露出部）とＣｕ箔が負極合剤層から露出する部分（負極露出部）とがＡｌ箔の幅方向においてセパレータから互いに逆向きに突出するように、正極と負極とセパレータとを配置した。その後、Ａｌ箔の幅方向に対して平行となるように巻回軸（不図示）を配置し、その巻回軸を用いて正極、セパレータおよび負極を巻回させた。このようにして得られた円筒型電極体に対して互いに逆向きの圧力を与え、電極体を得た。
<Production and insertion of electrode body>
First, a portion where the Al foil is exposed from the positive electrode mixture layer (positive electrode exposed portion) and a portion where the Cu foil is exposed from the negative electrode mixture layer (negative electrode exposed portion) protrude in opposite directions from the separator in the width direction of the Al foil. Thus, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator were arranged. Thereafter, a winding shaft (not shown) was arranged so as to be parallel to the width direction of the Al foil, and the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode were wound using the winding shaft. Pressures in opposite directions were applied to the cylindrical electrode body thus obtained to obtain an electrode body.
次に、正極端子と負極端子とが設けられた蓋体を準備した。正極端子を正極露出部に接続し、負極端子を負極露出部に接続した。蓋体が接続された電極体をケース本体に挿入し、その蓋体でケース本体の開口を塞いだ。 Next, a lid provided with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal was prepared. The positive electrode terminal was connected to the positive electrode exposed portion, and the negative electrode terminal was connected to the negative electrode exposed portion. The electrode body to which the lid body was connected was inserted into the case body, and the opening of the case body was closed with the lid body.
＜非水電解液の調製、注入＞
体積比で１：１：１となるようにＥＣ（ethylene carbonate）とＤＭＣ（dimethyl carbonate）とＥＭＣ（ethyl methyl carbonate）とを混合し、混合溶媒を得た。この混合溶媒に、濃度が１．０ｍｏｌ／ＬとなるようにＬｉＰＦ6を添加した。このようにして得られた非水電解液を、蓋体に形成された注液口から注入した。その後、ケース本体内を減圧して非水電解液を正極合剤層、負極合剤層及びセパレータに含浸させ、注液口を封じた。このようにして本実施例のリチウムイオン二次電池を得た。
<Preparation and injection of non-aqueous electrolyte>
EC (ethylene carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate), and EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) were mixed so that the volume ratio was 1: 1: 1 to obtain a mixed solvent. To this mixture solvent, concentration was added LiPF 6 as a 1.0 mol / L. The non-aqueous electrolyte obtained in this way was injected from the injection port formed in the lid. Thereafter, the inside of the case body was depressurized, the positive electrode mixture layer, the negative electrode mixture layer and the separator were impregnated with the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the liquid injection port was sealed. Thus, the lithium ion secondary battery of the present Example was obtained.
［実施例２〜６及び比較例１〜１４］
上記（核生成）における水酸化物の晶析条件を変更したことを除いては実施例１に記載の方法にしたがって正極活物質を作製し、ジェット気流を槽内に吹き込む条件を変更したことを除いては実施例１に記載の方法にしたがって負極活物質を作製した。このようにして得られた正極活物質及び負極活物質を用いることを除いては実施例１に記載の方法にしたがってリチウムイオン二次電池を製造した。正極活物質の球形度及び負極活物質の球形度については表１に示すとおりであった。
[Examples 2-6 and Comparative Examples 1-14]
Except that the crystallization conditions of hydroxide in the above (nucleation) were changed, a positive electrode active material was prepared according to the method described in Example 1, and the conditions for blowing a jet stream into the tank were changed. Except for the above, a negative electrode active material was prepared according to the method described in Example 1. A lithium ion secondary battery was manufactured according to the method described in Example 1 except that the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material thus obtained were used. The sphericity of the positive electrode active material and the sphericity of the negative electrode active material were as shown in Table 1.
［ハイレート充放電試験］
まず、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池容量（初期の電池容量）を測定した。次に、２５℃で、リチウムイオン二次電池に対してハイレート充放電試験を行った。この試験では、リチウムイオン二次電池のＳＯＣ（state of charge）を６０％に調整した後、１００Ａの電流での充電（１０秒間）と１０秒間の休止と２０Ａの電流での放電（５０秒間）と１０秒間の休止とを１サイクルとして１００００サイクル行った。ハイレート充放電試験の終了後、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池容量（試験後の電池容量）を測定した。そして、下記式１を用いて容量維持率を求めた。その結果を表１及び図２に示す。容量維持率が高いほど、リチウムイオン二次電池に対してハイレート充放電を繰り返し行った場合であってもその性能が高く維持されている、と言える。
（容量維持率）＝（試験後の電池容量）÷（初期の電池容量）×１００・・・（式１）。
[High rate charge / discharge test]
First, the battery capacity (initial battery capacity) of the lithium ion secondary battery was measured. Next, a high rate charge / discharge test was performed on the lithium ion secondary battery at 25 ° C. In this test, after adjusting the SOC (state of charge) of the lithium ion secondary battery to 60%, charging at a current of 100 A (10 seconds), resting for 10 seconds, and discharging at a current of 20 A (50 seconds) And 10 seconds of rest were taken as 10,000 cycles. After completion of the high rate charge / discharge test, the battery capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery (battery capacity after the test) was measured. And the capacity | capacitance maintenance factor was calculated | required using the following formula 1. The results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. It can be said that the higher the capacity retention rate, the higher the performance is maintained even when the high-rate charge / discharge is repeatedly performed on the lithium ion secondary battery.
(Capacity maintenance ratio) = (Battery capacity after test) ÷ (Initial battery capacity) × 100 (Equation 1).
［考察］
表１及び図２に示すように、正極活物質の球形度が０．８以上１未満であり、且つ、負極活物質の球形度が０．８以上１未満であれば、容量維持率が９５％を超えた。よって、正極活物質の球形度が０．８以上１未満であり、且つ、負極活物質の球形度が０．８以上１未満であることが好ましいということが分かった。
[Discussion]
As shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, when the sphericity of the positive electrode active material is 0.8 or more and less than 1, and the sphericity of the negative electrode active material is 0.8 or more and less than 1, the capacity retention ratio is 95. % Exceeded. Therefore, it has been found that the positive electrode active material preferably has a sphericity of 0.8 or more and less than 1, and the negative electrode active material preferably has a sphericity of 0.8 or more and less than 1.
今回開示された実施の形態及び実施例はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は上記した説明ではなくて特許請求の範囲によって示され、特許請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内でのすべての変更が含まれることが意図される。例えば、正極活物質及び負極活物質は上記実施例の記載に限定されない。 It should be understood that the embodiments and examples disclosed herein are illustrative and non-restrictive in every respect. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims. For example, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material are not limited to those described in the above examples.
Claims (1)
負極集電体と、前記負極集電体に設けられ、負極活物質を含む負極合剤層とを有する負極とを備え、
前記正極合剤層は、密度が１．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以上２．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であり、
前記正極活物質は、中空構造を有し、比表面積が０．８ｍ2／ｇ以上１．４ｍ2／ｇ以下であり、平均粒径が３μｍ以上であり、球形度が０．８以上１未満であり、
前記負極合剤層は、密度が０．８ｇ／ｃｍ3以上１．５ｇ／ｃｍ3以下であり、
前記負極活物質は、球形度が０．８以上１未満である二次電池。 A positive electrode having a positive electrode current collector, and a positive electrode mixture layer provided on the positive electrode current collector and including a positive electrode active material;
A negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode provided on the negative electrode current collector and having a negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material,
The positive electrode mixture layer has a density of 1.5 g / cm 3 or more and 2.8 g / cm 3 or less,
The positive electrode active material has a hollow structure, a specific surface area of 0.8 m 2 / g or more and 1.4 m 2 / g or less, an average particle diameter of 3 μm or more, and a sphericity of 0.8 or more and less than 1. And
The negative electrode mixture layer has a density of 0.8 g / cm 3 or more and 1.5 g / cm 3 or less,
The negative electrode active material is a secondary battery having a sphericity of 0.8 or more and less than 1.
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