JP2016074131A - Wood shape stability preservation treatment agent and preservation treatment method - Google Patents
Wood shape stability preservation treatment agent and preservation treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、木材の乾燥で起こる、割れや収縮、変形を防止し、割れ、収縮、変形を回復することができる木材形状安定処理剤及び木材の処理方法と、木材形状安定処理と防腐防蟻処理を同時に施行できる木材の形状安定保存処理剤と処理方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a wood shape stabilizing agent, a method for treating wood, a wood shape stabilizing treatment and an antiseptic ant that can prevent cracking, shrinkage, and deformation caused by drying of wood, and that can recover cracking, shrinkage, and deformation. The present invention relates to a wood shape stable preservative and a processing method capable of simultaneously performing processing.
一般に、木材は乾燥するにしたがって細胞が収縮して木材全体も収縮し、木材の表層部に引張応力が発生する。この引張応力によりひび割れが生じ、そのひび割れにより木材自体も変形してしまう。 In general, as the wood dries, the cells shrink and the whole wood also shrinks, generating tensile stress in the surface layer of the wood. Cracks are generated by this tensile stress, and the wood itself is also deformed by the cracks.
このような木材の乾燥割れ、収縮、変形を防止する形状安定の方法として、例えば、本発明者が特許文献1に開示したマレイン酸とグリセリンの混合水溶液に浸し、乾燥機の熱で加熱する方法(MG処理)や、特許文献2に開示されている木材中の水分を還元糖のラクチトールやトレハース、アリトール等と置換する方法(糖アルコール含浸法)、さらに、ポリエチレングリコールやポリエチレングリコールメタクリレートを塗布したり、含浸させたりして木材中の水分と置換する方法などが知られている。(例えば、特許文献3、特許文献4、特許文献5及び特許文献6参照。)。このPEG処理液が木材の表層部に浸透した場合、その浸透部の細胞が木材の乾燥後も水分を含んだときとほぼ同じ膨潤率を維持し、その結果、乾燥によって生じる局部的な引張応力が小さくなり、割れが生じ難くなる。この場合、PEG処理液の浸透層が厚いほど、木材の表面に生じる局部的な引張応力は小さくなり、割れの発生程度は小さくなる。 As a shape-stabilizing method for preventing such dry cracking, shrinkage, and deformation of wood, for example, a method in which the present inventor is immersed in a mixed aqueous solution of maleic acid and glycerin disclosed in Patent Document 1 and heated with the heat of a dryer. (MG treatment), a method of replacing moisture in wood disclosed in Patent Document 2 with reducing sugars such as lactitol, trehalth, and allitol (sugar alcohol impregnation method), and further applying polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol methacrylate Or a method of replacing the moisture in the wood by impregnation. (For example, see Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, Patent Document 5, and Patent Document 6.) When this PEG treatment solution penetrates into the surface layer of wood, the cells in the penetration part maintain almost the same swelling rate as when moisture was contained even after the wood was dried, and as a result, local tensile stress caused by drying Becomes smaller and cracks are less likely to occur. In this case, the thicker the penetration layer of the PEG treatment liquid, the smaller the local tensile stress generated on the surface of the wood, and the smaller the degree of occurrence of cracks.
したがって、PEG処理液に浸漬した木材に対してプレス装置等で圧縮荷重を加えると、圧縮応力が作用する範囲で木材は変形し、この変形部分に存在していた木材中の液体及び気体が一部外部に放出される。そして、荷重を除いた後、PEG処理液が浸漬した状態のまま保持すると、この間に変形を生じた部分はほぼ元の状態に形状を回復する。しかしながら、ポリエチレングリコールやポリエチレングリコールメタクリレートを主剤とする木材の処理剤は、木材中の鉄分や処理装置の鉄分と反応して腐食させたり、ゲル化(固化)したりすることがあると報告されている。 Therefore, when a compressive load is applied to the wood immersed in the PEG treatment liquid with a press device or the like, the wood is deformed within the range in which the compressive stress is applied, and the liquid and gas in the wood existing in the deformed portion are uniform. Released outside the department. Then, after removing the load, if the PEG treatment liquid is kept in the immersed state, the shape of the part that has been deformed during this time is almost restored to its original state. However, it has been reported that wood treating agents based on polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol methacrylate may corrode or gel (solidify) by reacting with iron in wood or iron in processing equipment. Yes.
一方、ホウ酸(H3BO3)とホウ砂(Na2B4O7・10H2O)を含む液状のホウ素化合物を木材の防火・耐火・不燃化に用いる方法が提案されている(特許文献7参照。)。また、ホウ酸塩を有効成分として腐朽や虫害を防止する木材表面処理剤が提案されている(特許文献8参照。)。例えば、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)換算で25%以上のホウ酸塩をエチレングリコールに溶解した組成物が木材保存剤として優れた性能を有するとしている(特許文献9参照。)。また、ポリアルキレングリコール4〜23%、アルキレングリコール20〜50%及びグリコール可溶性ホウ酸塩からなる組成物が木材保存剤として優れているとしている(特許文献10参照。)。これらの組成物は、そのまま、あるいは水を加えてホウ素濃度、溶液粘度を調節し、木材表面に塗布または散布される。 On the other hand, a method has been proposed in which a liquid boron compound containing boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) and borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 · 10H 2 O) is used for fire prevention, fire resistance and incombustibility of wood (patent) Reference 7). Moreover, the wood surface treating agent which uses a borate as an active ingredient and prevents decay and insect damage is proposed (refer patent document 8). For example, a composition in which 25% or more borate in terms of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) is dissolved in ethylene glycol has excellent performance as a wood preservative (see Patent Document 9). Moreover, the composition which consists of polyalkylene glycol 4-23%, alkylene glycol 20-50%, and glycol soluble borate is said to be excellent as a wood preservative (refer patent document 10). These compositions are applied or spread on the wood surface as they are or after adding water to adjust the boron concentration and the solution viscosity.
尚、上記のような木材処理に使用される薬剤には、多価アルコール等の主剤の性能に悪影響を及ぼさない範囲内で必要に応じてこの種の分野で使用される添加剤、助剤、着色剤、防腐剤、殺虫剤等を使用することができる。例えば、耐水性・材強度劣化防止剤として、ジルコニウム塩エマルジョン、ポリエチレンエマルジョン、シリコンエマルジョンを配合して耐候性能を向上させることができる。また、保湿剤・材強度劣化防止剤としてポリエチレングリコール、グリセリンを配合して耐強度劣化性能を付与することができる。 In addition, in the chemical | medical agent used for the above wood treatments, the additive used in this kind of field as needed in the range which does not have a bad influence on the performance of main ingredients, such as a polyhydric alcohol, an auxiliary agent, Coloring agents, preservatives, insecticides and the like can be used. For example, a weather resistance can be improved by blending a zirconium salt emulsion, a polyethylene emulsion, or a silicon emulsion as a water resistance / material strength deterioration preventing agent. Moreover, a polyethylene glycol and glycerin can be mix | blended as a moisturizer and a material strength deterioration inhibitor, and strength-resistant deterioration performance can be provided.
しかしながら、例えば従来のPEG処理や糖アルコール含浸処理には数十日単位の浸積時間を要していた。また、PEG処理に多く使用される分子量1000のPEG1000が常温では固化しているために溶解に加熱を要し、取り扱い難く、実用化に至っていなのが実情であった。さらに、MG処理水溶液に浸した木材は高温で加熱しなければならないため特殊な設備が必要となり高価な処理費用を必要とする。また、上記処理方法は、水を使用するため、処理後の木材にカビが発生するという問題があった。
本発明は、上記従来技術の課題に鑑み、木材の形状安定処理後のカビの発生を防止し、経済的且つ簡便に処理することができる木材の形状安定処理剤及び木材処理方法を提供することを目的とする。
However, for example, the conventional PEG treatment or sugar alcohol impregnation treatment requires an immersion time of several tens of days. In addition, since PEG 1000 having a molecular weight of 1000, which is often used for PEG treatment, is solidified at room temperature, it requires heating for dissolution, is difficult to handle, and has not been put into practical use. Furthermore, since the wood immersed in the MG treatment aqueous solution must be heated at a high temperature, special equipment is required and expensive treatment costs are required. Moreover, since the said processing method uses water, there existed a problem that mold | fungi generate | occur | produce in the wood after a process.
In view of the above-described problems of the conventional technology, the present invention provides a wood shape stabilizing agent and a wood treatment method that can prevent mold generation after wood shape stabilization and can be economically and easily treated. With the goal.
そこで、本発明の木材形状安定処理剤は、親水性であり、木材の細胞に充填効果(浸透性)が高く、溶媒置換を起こしやすい多価アルコールを少なくとも1種又は親水性・浸透性の異なる複数種の多価アルコールを混合溶解させた多価アルコール水溶液に防カビ成分を加えたことを第1の特徴とする。また、木材の形状安定保存処理剤は、これにホウ酸を加えたことを第2の特徴とする。さらに、本発明の木材形状安定処理方法と保存処理方法は、木材形状安定処理剤と保存処理剤を含水状態の木材又は割れた木材に塗布、含浸又は注入することを第3の特徴とする。また、処理後の木材をストレッチフィルム・ビニール等のラップ材でラッピングし、拡散させることを第4の特徴とする。 Therefore, the wood shape stabilizing agent of the present invention is hydrophilic, has a high filling effect (permeability) on wood cells, and is at least one kind of polyhydric alcohol that easily causes solvent substitution, or has different hydrophilicity and permeability. The first feature is that a fungicide component is added to a polyhydric alcohol aqueous solution in which plural types of polyhydric alcohols are mixed and dissolved. In addition, the wood shape stable preservative has a second feature that boric acid is added thereto. Furthermore, the wood shape stabilization treatment method and the preservation treatment method of the present invention have a third feature that the wood shape stabilization treatment agent and the preservation treatment agent are applied, impregnated, or injected into water-containing wood or cracked wood. The fourth feature is to wrap the treated wood with a wrapping material such as stretch film or vinyl and diffuse it.
多価アルコール処理の長所は、
(1)高い寸法安定性が得られる。
(2)多価アルコール含有率30%以下では、強度低下が少ない。
(3)変色が少ない。
加えて毒性がなく、環境や生物に優しい処理と言える。
多価アルコールは経口毒性がほとんど無く、皮膚や目に対する刺激性も低いため、化粧品や医薬品の分野や食品関係でも使用されている。また、多価アルコール水溶液は、ある種の微生物によって比較的容易に生分解を受けるとされている。
The advantages of polyhydric alcohol treatment
(1) High dimensional stability can be obtained.
(2) When the polyhydric alcohol content is 30% or less, there is little decrease in strength.
(3) Less discoloration.
In addition, it is non-toxic and can be said to be a treatment friendly to the environment and organisms.
Since polyhydric alcohol has almost no oral toxicity and low irritation to the skin and eyes, it is also used in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and food. Polyhydric alcohol aqueous solutions are said to undergo biodegradation relatively easily by certain microorganisms.
木材内部へ効率よく多価アルコールを拡散あるいは多価アルコール水溶液を浸透させるためには、処理直後の木材をシート等で密閉させて覆う拡散法や、処理液内に数日間漬け込む溶媒置換法、処理中に処理液の温度を上げて自然に冷まし処理液を含浸させる方法の温冷浴法、などが高度な設備を必要としない含浸、浸透方法である。また、加圧、減圧装置を使用した強制加圧注入方法を採用するなど、適切な処理条件や処理方法を採用すると効果的である。処理時間が短く、浸透・拡散が不十分であると、表面、とくに木口面に近い部分では多価アルコール含有率が高くても内部には十分な量の多価アルコールが含まれず、良好な処理効果は得られない。 In order to efficiently diffuse polyhydric alcohol or infiltrate the polyhydric alcohol aqueous solution into the wood, a diffusion method in which the wood immediately after treatment is covered with a sheet, etc., and a solvent replacement method in which the wood is immersed in the treatment solution for several days, treatment The hot and cold bath method, in which the temperature of the treatment liquid is raised and cooled naturally to impregnate the treatment liquid, is an impregnation and infiltration method that does not require sophisticated equipment. In addition, it is effective to adopt appropriate processing conditions and processing methods such as adopting a forced pressurizing injection method using a pressurization and decompression device. If the treatment time is short and the penetration and diffusion are inadequate, even if the polyhydric alcohol content is high on the surface, especially in the vicinity of the end of the mouth, a sufficient amount of polyhydric alcohol is not contained in the interior, and the treatment is good. There is no effect.
本発明は、以下の優れた効果を奏する。
(1)防かび・防虫効果が得られる。
(2)木材の割れが回復できる。
(3)ラッピングすることで、安全、簡単かつ低コストで処理できる。
(4)処理時間が長ければ長いほど良好に安定する。したがって、ラッピングしたまま保存することで、流通待ち時間を利用して拡散処理できる。また、倉庫等に格納することなくシート掛け程度での屋外保管も可能となる。
The present invention has the following excellent effects.
(1) An antifungal and insect repellent effect is obtained.
(2) The crack of wood can be recovered.
(3) By wrapping, processing can be performed safely, easily and at low cost.
(4) The longer the processing time, the better the stability. Therefore, it is possible to perform diffusion processing using the distribution waiting time by storing the wrapping. In addition, outdoor storage can be performed with a seat hook without being stored in a warehouse or the like.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
加熱容器に、水100g対してホウ酸とホウ砂を同量の40gずつ入れる(水100・ホウ酸40・ホウ砂40)、これを加熱して完全に溶解し、この溶液にPEGと防カビ成分を加える。比率はホウ酸濃度10%以上、多価アルコール濃度10%以上の溶液に防カビ剤の成分が100〜150倍程度になるように加える。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
In a heating container, 40 g of boric acid and borax in the same amount are added to 100 g of water (100 water, 40 boric acid, 40 borax), and this is heated and completely dissolved. Add ingredients. The ratio is added to a solution having a boric acid concentration of 10% or more and a polyhydric alcohol concentration of 10% or more so that the component of the fungicide is about 100 to 150 times.
本発明で言うホウ酸塩は、ホウ素のオキシ酸とその塩を総称するが、とくに八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物(Na2B8O13・4H2O:DOT)である。また、ホウ酸とホウ砂をモル比で約4:1に混合した混合物は、水溶液中ではDOTと同一とみなしてよい。したがって、オルトホウ酸(H3BO3)4モルとホウ砂(NaB4O7)1モルの混合物の水溶液と同一であるので、本発明では、DOTの代わりに、モル比4:1のホウ酸ホウ砂混合物を用いた。 Borate used in the present invention is generally referred oxyacid of boron and its salts, especially disodium octaborate tetrahydrate: a (Na 2 B 8 O 13 · 4H 2 O DOT). Further, a mixture in which boric acid and borax are mixed at a molar ratio of about 4: 1 may be regarded as the same as DOT in an aqueous solution. Therefore, since it is the same as an aqueous solution of a mixture of 4 mol of orthoboric acid (H3BO3) and 1 mol of borax (NaB 4 O 7 ), in the present invention, a borate borax mixture having a molar ratio of 4: 1 is used instead of DOT. Was used.
本発明でいう多価アルコールは、分子中に水酸基を2個以上もつアルコールで、エチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、メチルセロソブレ、1,4−ブタンジオール等で、常温で固化せず取り扱い易く、親水性及び木材中への浸透性が高く、溶媒置換を起こしやすいものが適当である。 The polyhydric alcohol referred to in the present invention is an alcohol having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, methyl cellosobre, 1,4-butanediol, etc. In addition, those having high permeability into wood and easily causing solvent substitution are suitable.
本発明の木材安定処理剤は、計算量のホウ酸塩、水、多価アルコール、防カビ剤を耐熱容器に入れ、撹拌しながら加熱して均一な溶液とすれば製造できる。
また、予め調製した八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物の水溶液に、所定量の多価アルコール及び防カビ剤を添加してもよい。
The wood stabilizing agent of the present invention can be produced by putting a calculated amount of borate, water, polyhydric alcohol and antifungal agent in a heat-resistant container and heating it with stirring to make a uniform solution.
In addition, a predetermined amount of polyhydric alcohol and antifungal agent may be added to an aqueous solution of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate prepared in advance.
実用的価値の高い調製方法としては、適量のホウ酸、ホウ砂、多価アルコール、防カビ剤の混合物に、適量の水を加え、撹拌しながら加熱して均一な溶液とした後、撹拌を続けながら冷却すればよい。
(実施例1)
ビーカーに水100g、ホウ酸22g、ホウ砂26gを入れ、電気ヒーターで加熱して完全に溶解させ、約32%のホウ酸水溶液を得た。得られたホウ酸水溶液に多価アルコールを45g加えて約33%の多価アルコール、250倍希釈)の防カビ成分を加えて木材処理液を調製した。これにより、ホウ酸濃度22%、多価アルコール濃度33%の混合溶液に約250倍希釈の防カビ成分を加えた木材処理水溶液が完成する。
(実施例2)
水100gに対し、ホウ酸25g、ホウ砂25gを加え、70〜90℃で加熱して完全に溶かす。または、(水100g・八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物50g)。これを完全に溶かし、この溶液に多価アルコールと防カビ成分を100〜500倍、好ましくは原液の250〜300倍希釈になるように加える。
[煮熟実験]
上記実施例で得られた木材処理水溶液に、120cm正角の芯持ちヒノキ材を薄く5mm程度の厚みに切断し試験体として投入し、煮熟した。煮熟しなかった試験体は乾燥後に複数の割れが生じたが、煮熟した試験体は乾燥後に割れが生じることが全く無かった。
As a preparation method with high practical value, an appropriate amount of water is added to a mixture of an appropriate amount of boric acid, borax, polyhydric alcohol, and an antifungal agent, and the mixture is heated with stirring to obtain a uniform solution, followed by stirring. Just keep cooling.
Example 1
100 g of water, 22 g of boric acid, and 26 g of borax were placed in a beaker and heated with an electric heater to completely dissolve it, thereby obtaining an about 32% boric acid aqueous solution. A wood treatment solution was prepared by adding 45 g of polyhydric alcohol to the obtained boric acid aqueous solution and adding about 33% polyhydric alcohol (diluted 250 times). As a result, a wood treatment aqueous solution in which an antifungal component diluted about 250 times is added to a mixed solution having a boric acid concentration of 22% and a polyhydric alcohol concentration of 33% is completed.
(Example 2)
To 100 g of water, 25 g of boric acid and 25 g of borax are added and heated at 70 to 90 ° C. to completely dissolve. Or (100 g of water, 50 g of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate). This is completely dissolved, and the polyhydric alcohol and the fungicide component are added to this solution so as to be diluted 100 to 500 times, preferably 250 to 300 times the stock solution.
[Boiled maturation experiment]
The wood-treated aqueous solution obtained in the above examples was thinly cut into a 120 cm square cored cypress material to a thickness of about 5 mm, and the sample was put into a specimen and boiled. The specimen that was not boiled had a plurality of cracks after drying, but the boiled specimen had no cracks after drying.
とくに、木材処理液中に割れた木材を投入して煮熟すると、木材が含水して割れが回復する。次いで、処理液内で自然冷却させて常温に戻す際に溶媒含浸が起こり、木材の割れが閉じた状態のまま形状が安定する。これは、加熱により木材細胞の圧力が高められて膨張し、冷める過程で膨張した細胞中に処理液が浸透するためであると考えられる。したがって、単なる水のみを使用して木材を煮熟した後、常温の木材安定処理液に漬け込むことによっても所期の効果が得られる。 In particular, when cracked wood is put into the wood treatment solution and boiled, the wood will be hydrated and cracking will be recovered. Next, when the solution is naturally cooled in the treatment liquid and returned to room temperature, solvent impregnation occurs, and the shape is stabilized while the wood cracks are closed. This is considered to be because the treatment liquid permeates into the expanded cells in the process of cooling and expanding the pressure of the wood cells by heating. Therefore, the desired effect can also be obtained by immersing the wood using only water and then immersing it in a normal wood stabilization solution.
本実施例では、防カビ剤として、木材用防カビ剤ミルカット−88A(商品名:日本曹達株式会社製)を使用した。この防カビ剤は、有機窒素流化化合物、ヨード系有機化合物、低粘度高沸点溶剤、ポリオキシエチレン−ノニフェルニ−エーテル、界面活性剤の混合物からなる淡褐色透明液体で、通常その原液を250〜300倍に希釈した水槽内に木材を浸漬して使用される。 In this example, the wood fungicide Millcut-88A (trade name: manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) was used as the fungicide. This fungicide is a light brown transparent liquid composed of a mixture of an organic nitrogen fluidizing compound, an iodine-based organic compound, a low-viscosity high-boiling solvent, polyoxyethylene-noniferni-ether, and a surfactant. It is used by immersing wood in a 300-fold diluted water tank.
以上、本発明は、多価アルコールを一種類、又は異なる複数種の多価アルコールを混合させたものに、防カビ剤を加え、この混合液を目的に応じて水で薄めた水溶処理液を作り、含水状態(含水率10%以上)の木材の表面に付着させて木材を処理する方法。又は、この水溶処理液で温冷含浸させたり、長時間浸水させたり、水溶処理液を加圧注入させたりして、木材中に含浸させる方法を要旨とするものである。 As described above, the present invention provides an aqueous treatment liquid obtained by adding a fungicide to a mixture of one kind of polyhydric alcohols or a mixture of different kinds of polyhydric alcohols, and diluting the mixed liquid with water according to the purpose. A method of making and treating wood by attaching it to the surface of wood in a moisture state (moisture content of 10% or more). Alternatively, the gist of the method is to impregnate the wood by impregnating the wood with hot and cold impregnation with the aqueous treatment liquid, soaking for a long time, or injecting the aqueous treatment liquid under pressure.
また、上記の処理液で処理した木材をストレッチフィルムやビニール等で覆いラッピングして、時間をかけて(1日以上)常圧状態で処理液を注入させる方法。処理液にホウ酸を加え、このホウ酸混合液で木材を処理する方法。(30%のホウ酸水溶液を作り、多価アルコールで薄めてホウ酸濃度21%、多価アルコール濃度33%の溶液を作る。)このホウ酸混合液で処理した木材をストレッチフィルムやビニール等のラップ材で覆いラッピングして、時間をかけて(1日以上)常圧状態で処理液を注入させて防腐防蟻効果のある木材に処理する拡散浸透方法を要旨とする。 In addition, a method in which the wood treated with the above treatment liquid is covered with a stretch film or vinyl and wrapped, and the treatment liquid is injected under normal pressure over a period of time (one day or more). A method in which boric acid is added to the treatment liquid and the wood is treated with this boric acid mixture. (A 30% boric acid aqueous solution is made and diluted with polyhydric alcohol to make a boric acid concentration of 21% and a polyhydric alcohol concentration of 33%.) The wood treated with this boric acid mixed solution is made of stretch film, vinyl, etc. The gist is a diffusion penetrating method in which wrapping is performed with wrapping material, and the treatment liquid is injected under normal pressure over a period of time (one day or more) to treat the wood with antiseptic and ant-proofing effects.
そして、乾燥工程で大きく割れた木材や自然乾燥で大きく干割れした木材を、処理液中で、温冷させたり、加圧させたり、長時間浸水させたり、拡散浸透させたりして、木材中に含浸させることで、割れた木材を割れる前の状態に戻す木材の形状修復方法を要旨とする。 Then, the wood that has been severely cracked in the drying process or the wood that has been severely dried in the natural drying process is heated, cooled, pressurized, immersed in water for a long time, or diffused and penetrated in the treatment liquid. The gist of the method is to restore the shape of the wood by impregnating it with the cracked wood to return it to the state before cracking.
とくに、水溶処理液中で割れた木材を加熱して沸騰させると、水分により割れが回復し、その後にその処理液内で冷却させることで溶媒含浸を起こす。また、加熱した木材を水溶処理液中に入れ、その処理液内で冷却して処理液を含浸させても良い。これは加熱することで木材の細胞内の圧力が高まり細胞が膨張する。 In particular, when wood that has been cracked in a water-soluble treatment liquid is heated to boiling, the cracks are recovered by moisture, and then the solvent is impregnated by cooling in the treatment liquid. Alternatively, heated wood may be placed in an aqueous treatment solution and cooled in the treatment solution to be impregnated with the treatment solution. By heating, the pressure in the wood cells increases and the cells expand.
さらに、本発明では、多価アルコールによる木材表面の割れ防止技術を、初期の水溶液濃度にして(吹き付け、塗布用で100%〜30%程度、浸積用で90%以下)処理するが、水を使用するため、処理後のカビの発生についても考慮している。従来は、カビ対策は講じられていない。とくに、木材の形状安定目的の多価アルコール処理や防腐、防蟻目的のホウ酸をラッピングにより拡散浸透させる場合、カビ対策は必須である。 Furthermore, in the present invention, the cracking prevention technique of the wood surface by polyhydric alcohol is treated with an initial aqueous solution concentration (about 100% to 30% for spraying and coating, and 90% or less for immersion). Therefore, the occurrence of mold after treatment is also considered. Conventionally, no anti-mold measures have been taken. In particular, when a polyhydric alcohol treatment for the purpose of stabilizing the shape of wood or boric acid for the purpose of antiseptic and ant protection is diffused and permeated by wrapping, measures against mold are essential.
こうした木材処理においては、木材の含水率が高いほど処理効果が高くなる。(水分がないと浸透圧現象や溶媒置換が起こらない。)温度が高く、処理液の濃度も高く、処理液の接触時間が長いほど効果的である。(木材中に処理液を確実に浸み込ます必要がある。拡散・注入・含浸・漬積・吸収・置換・浸透)。塗布、スプレー吹付けでも良いが、液層に漬け込む方法が簡単である。 In such wood treatment, the higher the moisture content of wood, the higher the treatment effect. (Without moisture, osmotic pressure phenomenon and solvent substitution do not occur.) The higher the temperature, the higher the concentration of the treatment liquid, and the longer the contact time of the treatment liquid, the more effective. (It is necessary to ensure that the processing solution is immersed in the wood. Diffusion, injection, impregnation, dipping, absorption, substitution, penetration). Application or spraying may be used, but the method of dipping in the liquid layer is simple.
浸水処理時間は長いほど効果的。(ラッピングを採用して浸水状態を保つ、また、ラッピングすることで長時間の浸漬は要しない。)。 The longer the immersion treatment time, the more effective. (Lapping is used to keep the water immersed, and lapping does not require long-time immersion.)
「ホウ酸処理の従来技術」
(1)モル比4:1のホウ酸ホウ砂化合物が八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物の代用。
(2)八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物を4部、グリセリン1〜2部、アルキレングルコール3〜10部と、これに1重量%以下の糖アルコールを加えたもの。
(3)八ホウ酸ニナトリウム四水和物を15%以上25%以下、アルキレングルコール1%以上20%以下、水55%以上85%以下の糖アルコール1%以下。
(4)酸化ホウ素(B2O3)換算で25%以上のホウ酸塩をエチレングリコールに溶解した組成物。
(5)ポリアルキレングリコール4〜23%、アルキレングリコール20〜50%及びグリコール可溶性ホウ酸塩からなる組成物。
(6)ホウ酸40%、アミン類40%、水20%ホウ酸高濃度溶液。
(7)水100gに対してホウ酸35g以上・ホウ砂40g以上の水溶液、水100gに対してホウ酸32g・ホウ砂37gが70℃以上の温水に溶解する。
"Conventional technology of boric acid treatment"
(1) A borate borax compound having a molar ratio of 4: 1 is substituted for disodium octaborate tetrahydrate.
(2) 4 parts of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1 to 2 parts of glycerin, 3 to 10 parts of alkylene glycol, and 1% by weight or less of sugar alcohol.
(3) 15% or more and 25% or less of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 1% or more and 20% or less of alkylene glycol, 1% or less of sugar alcohol containing 55% or more and 85% or less of water.
(4) A composition obtained by dissolving 25% or more borate in ethylene glycol in terms of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ).
(5) A composition comprising 4 to 23% polyalkylene glycol, 20 to 50% alkylene glycol and a glycol-soluble borate.
(6) Boric acid 40%, amines 40%, water 20% boric acid high concentration solution.
(7) An aqueous solution of 35 g or more of boric acid / 40 g or more of borax is dissolved in 100 g of water, and 32 g of boric acid or 37 g of borax is dissolved in 100 g of water in warm water of 70 ° C. or more.
従来から知られているように、ホウ酸だけに水を加え、加温して溶解させ、冷却したときには、溶解度の差に相当するホウ酸が溶解しきれずに析出(再結晶)する。例えば、水100gにホウ砂20gを加え、100℃に加温して完全に溶解させたとしても、20℃に冷却すれば20℃での溶解度は4.90なので、15.1gのホウ砂が析出することになる。ホウ砂の場合も同様であり、加温してホウ砂を多量に溶解させたとしても、室温に冷却すれば、室温での溶解度に相当する分しか溶解しないから、ホウ砂が析出(再結晶)することになる。 As conventionally known, when only water is added to boric acid and heated to dissolve and cooled, boric acid corresponding to the difference in solubility cannot be completely dissolved but is precipitated (recrystallized). For example, even if 20 g of borax is added to 100 g of water and heated to 100 ° C. and completely dissolved, if cooled to 20 ° C., the solubility at 20 ° C. is 4.90, so 15.1 g of borax is It will be deposited. The same applies to borax. Even if a large amount of borax is dissolved by heating, if it is cooled to room temperature, only the amount corresponding to the solubility at room temperature will be dissolved. ).
例えば、水100gに対して、ホウ砂25gを加え加温したところ、70℃で完全に溶解した。その後、20℃に冷却したところ、透明な水溶液となり、析出物は全く見られなかった。この水溶液はホウ素換算で3.48kg、固形分換算で23重量%であり、従来は室温で安定に存在し得なかった濃度の水溶液である。この水溶液のpHは6.95、比重は1.13であった。 For example, when 25 g of borax was added to 100 g of water and heated, it was completely dissolved at 70 ° C. Then, when it cooled at 20 degreeC, it became transparent aqueous solution and the deposit was not seen at all. This aqueous solution is 3.48 kg in terms of boron and 23% by weight in terms of solid content, and is an aqueous solution having a concentration that could not exist stably at room temperature. The aqueous solution had a pH of 6.95 and a specific gravity of 1.13.
例えば、水100gに対して、ホウ酸50g、ホウ砂70gを添加し、70℃以上に加熱してから室温に冷却した後、溶け残りを濾過して分離することにより、本発明の処理液を得ることができる。得られた濾液(上澄み液)を蒸発乾固したところ、30重量%の固形物が得られた。また、濾紙上に回収された溶け残り量を差し引いて求めた溶解量は、ホウ酸約32g、ホウ砂約37gとなり、上記完溶させる方法で溶解させることができる量とほぼ等しくなった。このように、溶け残りが生じることを前提として、ホウ酸、ホウ砂を過剰に添加しても、約30重量%の固形分を含有するホウ素化合物の水溶液を調製することができる。 For example, 50 g of boric acid and 70 g of borax are added to 100 g of water, heated to 70 ° C. or higher, cooled to room temperature, and then filtered to separate the undissolved residue. Can be obtained. The obtained filtrate (supernatant) was evaporated to dryness to obtain 30% by weight of a solid. Moreover, the dissolution amount obtained by subtracting the undissolved amount recovered on the filter paper was about 32 g of boric acid and about 37 g of borax, which was almost equal to the amount that can be dissolved by the above-described complete dissolution method. Thus, even if boric acid and borax are added excessively on the assumption that undissolved residue is generated, an aqueous solution of a boron compound containing a solid content of about 30% by weight can be prepared.
そこで、水100部に対して、ホウ酸(H3BO3)のX部とホウ砂((NaB4O7)のY部(但し、X<35、Y<40、0<X<Y+5)を添加し、加熱溶解せしめ、次に室温まで冷却することにより、室温で安定なホウ素化合物の水溶液を得ることができる。 Therefore, with respect to 100 parts of water, the X part of boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) and the Y part of borax ((NaB 4 O 7 ) (where X <35, Y <40, 0 <X <Y + 5) Is added, dissolved by heating, and then cooled to room temperature, whereby a boron compound aqueous solution that is stable at room temperature can be obtained.
建築基準法に基づく不燃認定を受けるためには、不燃試験及び燃焼試験のいずれかに合格する必要がある。不燃試験は直径40mm、高さ55mmの円柱状の木材片を750℃の電気炉の中に20分間保持して、重量減少率を調べるもので、重量減少率が30%以下となることが合格の必要条件となる。
本実施例において、本発明処理液を含浸させた木材を使用して不燃試験を実施した。予め750℃に保持しておいた電気炉に木材片を挿入すると、木材片は全て赤熱した状態となったが、挿入後の電気炉の温度上昇は12℃以内に留まった。20分後、電気炉から取り出して放冷した木材片は、黒色の炭状の固形物で、木材片の外形を保っていた。重量減少率は、成熟材26%であった。したがって、不燃性試験の判定基準を満たした。
In order to receive non-combustibility certification based on the Building Standard Law, it is necessary to pass either a non-flammability test or a combustion test. The non-flammability test is a test to check the weight reduction rate by holding a cylindrical piece of wood with a diameter of 40 mm and a height of 55 mm in an electric furnace at 750 ° C. for 20 minutes. The weight reduction rate is 30% or less. Is a necessary condition.
In this example, a nonflammability test was performed using wood impregnated with the treatment liquid of the present invention. When the wood pieces were inserted into an electric furnace previously maintained at 750 ° C., all the wood pieces were in a red-hot state, but the temperature rise of the electric furnace after insertion remained within 12 ° C. After 20 minutes, the wood piece taken out from the electric furnace and allowed to cool was a black charcoal solid, maintaining the shape of the wood piece. The weight loss rate was 26% matured material. Therefore, the criteria for the nonflammability test were satisfied.
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