JP2016025480A - Antenna device - Google Patents

Antenna device Download PDF

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JP2016025480A
JP2016025480A JP2014148386A JP2014148386A JP2016025480A JP 2016025480 A JP2016025480 A JP 2016025480A JP 2014148386 A JP2014148386 A JP 2014148386A JP 2014148386 A JP2014148386 A JP 2014148386A JP 2016025480 A JP2016025480 A JP 2016025480A
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ground plane
conductor
antenna device
linear
linear conductor
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JP6318941B2 (en
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池田 正和
Masakazu Ikeda
正和 池田
杉本 勇次
Yuji Sugimoto
勇次 杉本
山崎 徹
Toru Yamazaki
徹 山崎
光成 阿部
Mitsunari Abe
光成 阿部
慶人 有馬
Keito Arima
慶人 有馬
和則 前田
Kazunori Maeda
和則 前田
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Denso Corp
Soken Inc
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Denso Corp
Nippon Soken Inc
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna device which transmits/receives a circularly polarized wave and can be made small-sized further.SOLUTION: An antenna device 100 includes: a ground plate 2 in a square shape; and a power supplied element 1 and a parasitic element 3 which are L-shaped conductor elements having a substantially equal electrical length. The power supplied element 1 and the parasitic element 3 are disposed on orthogonal sides of the ground plate 2 in such a manner that their length directions are orthogonal and open ends are separated. A power supplied side node D connecting the power supplied element 1 and the ground plate 2 is provided at a position where a sum of an electrical length from the power supplied side node D to a side AC on which the parasitic element 3 is provided and an electrical length of one side of the ground plate 2 becomes an integer multiple of a 1/4 wavelength of a target radio wave. A parasitic side node B connecting the parasitic element 3 and the ground plate 2 is provided at a position where a sum of an electrical length from the parasitic side node B to a side CE on which the power supplied element 1 is provided and the electrical length of one side of the ground plate 2 becomes an integer multiple of the 1/4 wavelength of the target radio wave.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、円偏波を送受信するアンテナ装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an antenna device that transmits and receives circularly polarized waves.

円偏波を送受信するアンテナ装置として、例えば特許文献1には、正方形状の導体地板に接続する2つのL型のモノポール素子を、それぞれの開放端が近接し、かつ、長手部分が直交するように配置したアンテナ装置が開示されている。   As an antenna device for transmitting and receiving circularly polarized waves, for example, in Patent Document 1, two L-shaped monopole elements connected to a square-shaped conductor ground plane are close to each other and their longitudinal portions are orthogonal to each other. An antenna device arranged as described above is disclosed.

各モノポール素子の電気的な長さは、送受信の対象とする電波(対象電波とする)の4分の1波長となっており、また、2つのモノポール素子と導体地板からなる部分は、各開放端の中間点と、導体地板の中心とを通る直線に対して、線対称となるように構成されている。   The electrical length of each monopole element is a quarter wavelength of the radio wave to be transmitted / received (target radio wave), and the portion composed of the two monopole elements and the conductor ground plane is It is comprised so that it may become line symmetrical with respect to the straight line which passes through the intermediate point of each open end, and the center of a conductor ground plane.

以上のような構成によれば、開放端の間に存在する浮遊容量によって、片方のモノポール素子に流れる電流と、当該電流によって他方のモノポール素子に誘起される電流とが、それぞれの位相が90度ずれた状態で共振し、円偏波を生じさせる。   According to the above configuration, the current flowing in one monopole element and the current induced in the other monopole element due to the stray capacitance existing between the open ends are in phase with each other. Resonates in a state shifted by 90 degrees to generate circularly polarized waves.

特許第4224081号公報Japanese Patent No. 4224081

特許文献1の構成では、2つのモノポール素子に流れる電流によって円偏波を生じさせるため、各モノポール素子に流れる電流を安定させる必要があり、これに伴って、導体地板も、1辺が対象電波の4分の1波長以上の長さとなっている。   In the configuration of Patent Document 1, since circularly polarized waves are generated by the current flowing through the two monopole elements, it is necessary to stabilize the current flowing through each monopole element. The length of the target radio wave is a quarter wavelength or longer.

しかしながら、車両などの移動体への搭載性の観点から、円偏波を送受信するアンテナ装置のさらなる小型化が望まれている。   However, further downsizing of an antenna device that transmits and receives circularly polarized waves is desired from the viewpoint of mountability on a moving body such as a vehicle.

本発明は、この事情に基づいて成されたものであり、その目的とするところは、円偏波を送受信するアンテナ装置であって、より小型化が可能なアンテナ装置を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made based on this situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide an antenna device that transmits and receives circularly polarized waves and that can be further miniaturized.

その目的を達成するための本発明は、導体地板(2)と、線状であって、一方の端が給電部(4)を介して導体地板と接続され、他方の端が開放端となっている第1線状導体素子(1)と、線状であって、一方の端が導体地板と接続され、他方の端が開放端となっている第2線状導体素子(3)と、を備えるアンテナ装置であって、第1線状導体素子は、導体地板の外周と対向している第1平行部(11)を備え、第2線状導体素子は、導体地板と外周と対向し、かつ、第1平行部と略直交する第2平行部(31)を備え、第2線状導体素子と導体地板との接続部(以降、第2素子接続部)と、給電部とが近接するように配置することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the object, the present invention is a conductor ground plane (2), which is linear, one end of which is connected to the conductor ground plane via the feeding portion (4), and the other end is an open end. A first linear conductor element (1) that is linear, a second linear conductor element (3) that is linear and has one end connected to a conductor ground plane and the other end being an open end; The first linear conductor element includes a first parallel portion (11) facing the outer periphery of the conductor ground plane, and the second linear conductor element faces the conductor ground plane and the outer periphery. And the 2nd parallel part (31) substantially orthogonal to the 1st parallel part is provided, and the connection part (henceforth 2nd element connection part) of a 2nd linear conductor element and a conductor ground plane, and an electric power feeding part are proximity It arrange | positions so that it may carry out.

以下、このアンテナ装置の作用及び効果について述べる。アンテナ装置は送受信の可逆性があるため、ここでは電波を送信する場合を例にとって以上の構成について説明する。   The operation and effect of this antenna device will be described below. Since the antenna device has reversibility of transmission and reception, the above configuration will be described by taking a case of transmitting radio waves as an example.

以上の構成では、給電部から第1線状導体素子に電流を流すと、導体地板の外周の、第1平行部に対向する部分を中心としてイメージ電流(第1イメージ電流とする)が発生する。ここで、給電部と、第2線状導体素子と導体地板との接続部である第2素子接続部とは近接している為、第1イメージ電流は、第2線状導体素子に流入する。   In the above configuration, when a current is passed from the power feeding portion to the first linear conductor element, an image current (referred to as a first image current) is generated around the portion of the outer periphery of the conductor ground plate that faces the first parallel portion. . Here, the first image current flows into the second linear conductor element because the power supply section and the second element connection section, which is a connection section between the second linear conductor element and the conductor ground plane, are close to each other. .

そして、第2線状導体素子が第1イメージ電流によって励振することによって、導体地板の外周の、第2平行部に対向する部分を中心としてイメージ電流(第2イメージ電流とする)が発生する。第1平行部と第2平行部とは略直交な位置関係であるため、第1イメージ電流と第2イメージ電流もまた、互いに直交する方向に流れる。   Then, when the second linear conductor element is excited by the first image current, an image current (referred to as a second image current) is generated around the portion of the outer periphery of the conductor base plate that faces the second parallel portion. Since the first parallel part and the second parallel part have a substantially orthogonal positional relationship, the first image current and the second image current also flow in directions orthogonal to each other.

また、第1イメージ電流と第2イメージ電流との位相差は、第1イメージ電流が流れる範囲における第2素子接続部の位置によって決まる。例えば、第1イメージ電流の位相が、その始端から90度ずれる位置に第2素子接続部を設けた場合には、第1イメージ電流と第2イメージ電流の位相差は90度となる。   Further, the phase difference between the first image current and the second image current is determined by the position of the second element connection portion in the range in which the first image current flows. For example, when the second element connecting portion is provided at a position where the phase of the first image current is shifted by 90 degrees from the starting end, the phase difference between the first image current and the second image current is 90 degrees.

したがって、仮に第1イメージ電流の位相がその始点から90度ずれる位置に第2素子接続部を設けた場合には、第1イメージ電流と第2イメージ電流とが互いに直交する方向に、かつ、位相が90度ずれて流れる。これらのイメージ電流によって、円偏波を送信することができる。もちろん、第2素子接続部の取付位置は、第1イメージ電流の位相が90度となる位置に限らず、270度などの、90度の整数倍となる位置であってもよい。   Therefore, if the second element connection portion is provided at a position where the phase of the first image current is shifted by 90 degrees from the starting point, the first image current and the second image current are in a direction orthogonal to each other and the phase Flows 90 degrees apart. With these image currents, circularly polarized waves can be transmitted. Of course, the attachment position of the second element connection portion is not limited to the position where the phase of the first image current is 90 degrees, and may be a position that is an integral multiple of 90 degrees, such as 270 degrees.

そして、以上の構成では、導体地板に流れるイメージ電流によって円偏波を送信するため、第1線状導体素子及び第2線状導体素子は、電気的に対象電波の4分の1波長に相当する長さとなっている必要はなく、さらに短くすることができる。   In the above configuration, since the circularly polarized wave is transmitted by the image current flowing through the conductor ground plane, the first linear conductor element and the second linear conductor element are electrically equivalent to a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave. It does not need to be the length to be used, and can be further shortened.

また、第1イメージ電流と第2イメージ電流の定常波が形成される区間は、部分的に重なっていてもよい。したがって、導体地板の形状を、例えば特許文献1と同様に正方形状とする場合であっても、1辺の電気的な長さを4分の1波長以下に抑制することができる。   Moreover, the section in which the standing wave of the first image current and the second image current is formed may partially overlap. Therefore, even when the shape of the conductor ground plane is, for example, a square shape as in Patent Document 1, the electrical length of one side can be suppressed to a quarter wavelength or less.

したがって、以上の構成によれば、円偏波を送受信するアンテナ装置を、より小型化することができる。   Therefore, according to the above configuration, the antenna device that transmits and receives circularly polarized waves can be further downsized.

なお、特許請求の範囲に記載した括弧内の符号は、一つの態様として後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものであって、本発明の技術的範囲を限定するものではない。   In addition, the code | symbol in the parenthesis described in the claim shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later as one aspect, Comprising: The technical scope of this invention is limited is not.

実施形態に係るアンテナ装置100の概略的な構成の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the schematic structure of the antenna device 100 which concerns on embodiment. 地板2の外周部分において被給電素子1と無給電素子3とが設けられている部分における構成を説明するための模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining a configuration in a portion where a fed element 1 and a parasitic element 3 are provided in an outer peripheral portion of the ground plane 2. 本アンテナ装置100の作動を説明するための概念図である。3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the antenna device 100. FIG. 本アンテナ装置100の作動を説明するための概念図である。3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the antenna device 100. FIG. 本アンテナ装置100の作動を説明するための概念図である。3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the operation of the antenna device 100. FIG. 本アンテナ装置100の放射特性を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram showing radiation characteristics of the antenna device 100. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention. 図13の構成の14−14線における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the 14-14 line | wire of the structure of FIG. 本発明の変形例の一例を示す平面図である。It is a top view which shows an example of the modification of this invention.

以下、本発明の実施形態について図を用いて説明する。図1は、本実施形態に係るアンテナ装置100の概略的な構成の一例を示す平面図である。このアンテナ装置100は、円偏波の受信と送信の少なくとも何れか一方を実施する。アンテナ装置100は、例えば車両のフロントガラス上部などに取り付けられ、GPS電波の受信や、ETC(Electronic Toll Collection:登録商標)システムで用いられる路側機との通信に用いられる。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of an antenna device 100 according to the present embodiment. The antenna device 100 performs at least one of reception and transmission of circularly polarized waves. The antenna device 100 is attached to, for example, an upper part of a windshield of a vehicle, and is used for receiving GPS radio waves and communicating with a roadside device used in an ETC (Electronic Toll Collection: registered trademark) system.

アンテナ装置100は、後述する給電部4において例えば同軸ケーブルを介して無線機(何れも図示略)と接続されており、アンテナ装置100が受信した信号は逐次無線機に出力される。無線機は、アンテナ装置100が受信した信号を利用するとともに、当該アンテナ装置100に対して送信信号に応じた高周波電力を供給するものである。   The antenna apparatus 100 is connected to a radio (not shown) via a coaxial cable, for example, in a power feeding unit 4 described later, and signals received by the antenna apparatus 100 are sequentially output to the radio. The wireless device uses a signal received by the antenna device 100 and supplies high-frequency power corresponding to the transmission signal to the antenna device 100.

なお、本実施形態ではアンテナ装置100への給電線として同軸ケーブルを採用する場合を想定して説明するが、フィーダ線など、その他の周知の給電線を用いても良い。   In the present embodiment, description will be made on the assumption that a coaxial cable is employed as a feed line to the antenna device 100, but other known feed lines such as a feeder line may be used.

図1に示すようにアンテナ装置100は、基板10、被給電素子1、地板2、無給電素子3、及び給電部4を備えている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the antenna device 100 includes a substrate 10, a fed element 1, a ground plane 2, a parasitic element 3, and a feeding unit 4.

基板10は、樹脂などの電気絶縁材料からなる板状の部材である。当該基板10の片面(表面とする)に、被給電素子1、地板2、及び無給電素子3が設けられる。基板10の形状は、被給電素子1、地板2、及び無給電素子3を配置するために十分な大きさ及び形状となっていればよい。本実施形態では、一例として正方形とするが、その他、長方形や楕円であってもよいし、正方形において部分的に切れ込みなどがなされた形状であっても良い。基板10の材料は、所望の比誘電率を有する材料を適宜選定して用いれば良い。ここでは一例として基板10の比誘電率を4.3とする。   The substrate 10 is a plate-like member made of an electrically insulating material such as resin. A fed element 1, a ground plane 2, and a parasitic element 3 are provided on one side (surface) of the substrate 10. The shape of the board | substrate 10 should just be sufficient magnitude | size and shape in order to arrange | position the to-be-powered element 1, the ground plane 2, and the parasitic element 3. FIG. In this embodiment, a square is used as an example, but other shapes such as a rectangle or an ellipse may be used, or a shape that is partially cut out in the square may be used. As a material for the substrate 10, a material having a desired dielectric constant may be appropriately selected and used. Here, as an example, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate 10 is 4.3.

地板2は、銅などの導体を素材とする板状(箔を含む)の部材である。この地板2が請求項に記載の導体地板に相当する。当該地板2の形状は、1辺の電気的な長さが、送受信の対象とする電波(以降、対象電波とする)の波長の4分の1未満の所定の長さ(例えば16分の3波長)とする正方形とする。電気的な長さとは、フリンジング電界や誘電体の比誘電率などの影響を考慮して定まる値であって、実効的な長さとも称される。本実施形態では、地板2の形状を正方形とするが、その他、長方形であってもよいし、円形(楕円を含む)であってもよい。   The ground plane 2 is a plate-like (including foil) member made of a conductor such as copper. This ground plane 2 corresponds to the conductor ground plane described in the claims. The ground plate 2 has a predetermined length (for example, 3/16) in which the electrical length of one side is less than ¼ of the wavelength of a radio wave to be transmitted / received (hereinafter referred to as a target radio wave). A square). The electrical length is a value determined in consideration of the influence of a fringing electric field, a dielectric constant of a dielectric, and the like, and is also referred to as an effective length. In the present embodiment, the shape of the ground plane 2 is a square, but may be a rectangle or a circle (including an ellipse).

この地板2は、その外周部分に相当する4つの辺のうちの、或る辺AC上の点Bにおいて無給電素子3と電気的に接続される。また、地板2は、無給電素子3が接続されている辺ACと直交する辺CE上の点Dにおいて、被給電素子1と給電部4を介して接続される。便宜上、地板2において無給電素子3と接続する点Bを無給電側接続点と称し、地板2において給電部4と接続する点Dを被給電側接続点と称する。無給電側接続点Bが請求項に記載の第2素子接続部に相当する。   The ground plane 2 is electrically connected to the parasitic element 3 at a point B on a certain side AC among four sides corresponding to the outer peripheral portion. In addition, the ground plane 2 is connected to the power-supplied element 1 via the power feeding unit 4 at a point D on the side CE orthogonal to the side AC to which the parasitic element 3 is connected. For convenience, a point B connected to the parasitic element 3 on the ground plane 2 is referred to as a parasitic side connection point, and a point D connected to the power feeding unit 4 on the ground plane 2 is referred to as a powered side connection point. The non-feed side connection point B corresponds to the second element connection portion described in the claims.

給電部4は、アンテナ装置100と同軸ケーブルとが電気的に接続される部分であって、地板2の被給電側接続点Dは、同軸ケーブルの外部導体(マイナス側の導体)との電気的な接続点を指す。同軸ケーブルの内部導体(プラス側の導体)は、被給電素子1と電気的に接続される。アンテナ装置100と同軸ケーブルとは整合回路やフィルタ回路などの種々の回路を介して接続されてあっても良い。被給電素子1は、地板2と交流信号的に接続された構成となる。   The power feeding unit 4 is a portion where the antenna device 100 and the coaxial cable are electrically connected, and the power supply side connection point D of the ground plane 2 is electrically connected to the outer conductor (minus side conductor) of the coaxial cable. Point to the appropriate connection point. The inner conductor (positive conductor) of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the fed element 1. The antenna device 100 and the coaxial cable may be connected via various circuits such as a matching circuit and a filter circuit. The fed element 1 is connected to the ground plane 2 in the form of an AC signal.

便宜上、図1に示すように地板2の外周部において、無給電側接続点Bが設けられる辺ACの両端、すなわち、地板2にとっての頂点をそれぞれA、Cとし、被給電側接続点Dが設けられる辺の両端をC、Eとする。辺ACと辺CEは、頂点Cを共有する。頂点Cを便宜上、共有頂点と称する。   For convenience, as shown in FIG. 1, at the outer periphery of the ground plane 2, both ends of the side AC where the non-feed side connection point B is provided, that is, apexes for the ground plane 2 are A and C, respectively. Let C and E be the opposite ends of the provided side. The side AC and the side CE share the vertex C. Vertex C is referred to as a shared vertex for convenience.

被給電素子1は、略直線形状のモノポール導体素子を、その途中(直角部とする)において直角(略直角を含む)で曲げた、いわゆるL型のモノポール導体素子である。以降では、被給電素子1の片方の端部から直角部までの部分と、他端から直角部までの部分の、2つの部分のうち、相対的に長い方の部分を長手部11と称し、相対的に短い方の部分を短手部と称する。この被給電素子1が請求項に記載の第1線状導体素子に相当する。   The fed element 1 is a so-called L-shaped monopole conductor element in which a substantially linear monopole conductor element is bent at a right angle (including a substantially right angle) in the middle (a right-angle portion). Hereinafter, the relatively longer part of the two parts, that is, the part from one end part to the right-angle part of the power-supplied element 1 and the part from the other end to the right-angle part is referred to as the longitudinal part 11. The relatively short part is referred to as the short part. This fed element 1 corresponds to the first linear conductor element described in the claims.

被給電素子1が備える2つの端部のうち、短手部側の端部は、同軸ケーブルの内部導体と電気的に接続される。すなわち、被給電素子1は、短手部側の端部において給電部4を介して地板2の被給電側接続点Dと接続される。ここでの被給電素子1と地板2との給電部4を介した接続とは、被給電素子1の一端を同軸ケーブルの内部導体と電気的に接続し、地板2の被給電側接続点Dを同軸ケーブルの外部導体と電気的に接続することを指す。すなわち、被給電素子1と地板2とは、直流的には浮いた状態となっている。   Of the two ends provided in the fed element 1, the end on the short side is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. That is, the power-supplied element 1 is connected to the power-supplied side connection point D of the ground plane 2 via the power supply unit 4 at the end on the short side. Here, the connection between the power-supplied element 1 and the ground plane 2 via the power feeding section 4 is to electrically connect one end of the power-supplied element 1 to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and to the power-supplied side connection point D of the ground plane 2. Is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. That is, the fed element 1 and the ground plane 2 are in a floating state in terms of direct current.

もちろん、被給電素子1の一端と同軸ケーブルの内部導体との間には、インピーダンス整合回路やスイッチ回路、フィルタ回路などの種々の回路が介在していてもよい。地板2の被給電側接続点Dと同軸ケーブルの外部導体との接続部分も同様である。   Of course, various circuits such as an impedance matching circuit, a switch circuit, and a filter circuit may be interposed between one end of the fed element 1 and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable. The same applies to the connection portion between the power supply side connection point D of the ground plane 2 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable.

被給電素子1が備える2つの端部のうち、地板2と給電部4を介して接続していない方の端部、すなわち、長手部11側の端部は、開放端となる。   Of the two end portions of the power-supplied element 1, the end portion that is not connected to the ground plane 2 via the power supply portion 4, that is, the end portion on the longitudinal portion 11 side is an open end.

また、被給電素子1は、長手部11が地板の外周に対して対向するように基板10上に配置される。より具体的には、被給電素子1は長手部11が地板2の辺CEに対して略平行であって、かつ、開放端が被給電側接続点Dよりも頂点E側に位置するように配置される。ここでの略平行とは、後述するように、長手部11に流れる電流によって、地板2の辺CE上にイメージ電流が誘起される範囲とする。この長手部11が請求項に記載の第1平行部に相当する。   Further, the power-supplied element 1 is disposed on the substrate 10 so that the longitudinal portion 11 faces the outer periphery of the ground plane. More specifically, the power-supplied element 1 is such that the longitudinal portion 11 is substantially parallel to the side CE of the ground plane 2 and the open end is positioned on the apex E side of the power-supplied side connection point D. Be placed. Here, “substantially parallel” refers to a range in which an image current is induced on the side CE of the ground plane 2 by a current flowing through the longitudinal portion 11 as described later. The longitudinal portion 11 corresponds to a first parallel portion described in the claims.

被給電素子1の電気的な長さは、この被給電素子1に電流を流した場合に地板2にイメージ電流を誘起する長さとなっていればよく、本実施形態では一例として、対象電波の8分の1波長とする。   The electrical length of the power-supplied element 1 only needs to be a length that induces an image current in the ground plane 2 when a current is passed through the power-supplied element 1. In this embodiment, as an example, The wavelength is 1/8.

無給電素子3は、被給電素子1と同様に、L型のモノポール導体素子である。無給電素子3が備える2つの端部のうち、短手部側の端部が無給電側接続点Bで地板2と接続される。地板2と接続していない方の端部、すなわち、長手部31側の端部は、開放端となる。この無給電素子3が請求項に記載の第2線状導体素子に相当する。   The parasitic element 3 is an L-type monopole conductor element, like the powered element 1. Of the two ends provided in the parasitic element 3, the end on the short side is connected to the ground plane 2 at the parasitic side connection point B. The end that is not connected to the main plate 2, that is, the end on the longitudinal portion 31 side is an open end. The parasitic element 3 corresponds to the second linear conductor element recited in the claims.

無給電素子3は、長手部31が地板の外周に対して対向するように基板10上に配置される。より具体的には、無給電素子3は、長手部31が地板2の辺ACに対して略平行であって、かつ、開放端が無給電側接続点Bよりも頂点A側に位置するように配置される。ここでの略平行とは、後述するように、長手部31に流れる電流によって、地板2の辺ACにイメージ電流が誘起される範囲とする。無給電素子3の電気的な長さは、被給電素子1と同様に、対象電波の波長の8分の1の長さとする。長手部31が請求項に記載の第2平行部に相当する。   The parasitic element 3 is disposed on the substrate 10 such that the longitudinal portion 31 faces the outer periphery of the ground plane. More specifically, in the parasitic element 3, the longitudinal portion 31 is substantially parallel to the side AC of the ground plane 2, and the open end is positioned closer to the vertex A than the parasitic side connection point B. Placed in. Here, “substantially parallel” refers to a range in which an image current is induced in the side AC of the ground plane 2 by a current flowing through the longitudinal portion 31 as described later. The electrical length of the parasitic element 3 is set to one-eighth of the wavelength of the target radio wave, similarly to the powered element 1. The longitudinal portion 31 corresponds to a second parallel portion described in the claims.

以上で述べたように、被給電素子1と無給電素子3は、開放端ではなく地板2との接続部分が、共有頂点C付近において近接するように地板2の外周に沿って配置される。言い換えれば、被給電素子1と無給電素子3は、それぞれの長手方向が直交し、かつ、各開放端が離れるように配置される。   As described above, the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 are arranged along the outer periphery of the ground plane 2 so that the connection portion with the ground plane 2 rather than the open end is close in the vicinity of the shared vertex C. In other words, the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 are arranged such that their longitudinal directions are orthogonal to each other and the open ends are separated from each other.

各開放端が離れるような配置とは、被給電素子1の直角部から開放端に向かって伸びる半直線が無給電素子3の長手部31を通る直線と交差せず、かつ、無給電素子3の直角部から開放端に向かって伸びる半直線が被給電素子1の長手部11を通る直線と交差しない配置を指す。   The arrangement in which the open ends are separated from each other means that a half line extending from the right-angled portion of the fed element 1 toward the open end does not intersect with a straight line passing through the longitudinal portion 31 of the parasitic element 3 and the parasitic element 3 The semi-straight line extending from the right-angled portion toward the open end does not intersect with the straight line passing through the longitudinal portion 11 of the fed element 1.

また、長手部11と長手部31との為す角度は、厳密な直角に限らず、後述するイメージ電流C2とイメージ電流C4とによって円偏波が形成される範囲において、略直角となっていてもよい。   Further, the angle formed between the longitudinal portion 11 and the longitudinal portion 31 is not limited to a strict right angle, and may be substantially a right angle within a range where circularly polarized waves are formed by an image current C2 and an image current C4 described later. Good.

図2は、地板2の辺AC及び辺CE上における、無給電側接続点B及び被給電側接続点Dの位置関係を説明するための概念図である。なお、図1及び図2を比較すれば分かるように、図2における頂点Aから頂点Eまでの線分のうち、頂点Aから共有頂点Cまでの区間が辺ACを表し、共有頂点Cから頂点Eまでの区間が辺CEを表す。辺ACを表す区間と、辺CEを表す区間は、実際には直角である。   FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the positional relationship between the non-feed side connection point B and the fed side connection point D on the side AC and the side CE of the ground plane 2. As can be seen by comparing FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the line segment from vertex A to vertex E in FIG. 2, the section from vertex A to shared vertex C represents side AC, and shared vertex C to vertex The section up to E represents the side CE. The section representing the side AC and the section representing the side CE are actually perpendicular.

そのような地板2において、無給電側接続点Bは、共有頂点Cを通って頂点Eからの距離が電気的に4分の1波長となる位置に設ける。すなわち、無給電側接続点Bの位置は、辺CEの長さと共有頂点Cから無給電側接続点Bまでの長さの和が電気的に4分の1波長となる位置に設ける。なお、地板2の1辺の電気的長さは、前述の通り、対象電波の4分の1波長以下である。   In such a ground plane 2, the non-feed side connection point B is provided at a position where the distance from the vertex E through the shared vertex C is electrically a quarter wavelength. That is, the position of the parasitic side connection point B is provided at a position where the sum of the length of the side CE and the length from the shared vertex C to the parasitic side connection point B is electrically a quarter wavelength. In addition, the electrical length of one side of the ground plane 2 is not more than a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave as described above.

また、被給電側接続点Dは、共有頂点Cを通って頂点Aからの距離が電気的に4分の1波長となる位置に設ける。すなわち、辺ACの長さ(=辺CEの長さ)と共有頂点Cから被給電側接続点Dまでの長さの和が電気的に4分の1波長となる位置に設ける。   Further, the power supply side connection point D is provided at a position where the distance from the vertex A through the shared vertex C is electrically a quarter wavelength. That is, the sum of the length of the side AC (= the length of the side CE) and the length from the shared vertex C to the fed-side connection point D is electrically set to a quarter wavelength.

なお、本実施形態では、頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dまでの電気的長さと、頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bまでの電気的長さのそれぞれを、対象電波の4分の1波長となるように配置する構成としたが、これに限らない。他の態様として、頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dまでの電気的長さ、及び頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bまでの電気的長さは、対象電波の4分の1波長の整数倍の長さとなっていればよく、例えば2分の1波長や、4分の3波長であってもよい。   In the present embodiment, the electrical length from the vertex A to the fed-side connection point D and the electrical length from the vertex E to the non-feeding side connection point B are each set to a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As another aspect, the electrical length from the vertex A to the fed-side connection point D and the electrical length from the vertex E to the non-feeding side connection point B are integral multiples of a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave. For example, it may be a half wavelength or a quarter wavelength.

次に、以上で述べた構成となっているアンテナ装置100の作動について説明する。アンテナ装置100の送信時の作動と受信時の作動は対称性を有するため、以降では、対象電波を送信する場合を例にとって説明する。   Next, the operation of the antenna device 100 configured as described above will be described. Since the operation at the time of transmission and the operation at the time of reception of the antenna device 100 have symmetry, the following description will be given taking as an example the case of transmitting a target radio wave.

対象電波の送信時には、図3に示すように給電部4からその対象電波の周波数に応じた高周波電流が被給電素子1に供給され、被給電素子1上を開放端に向かって電流C1が流れる。この被給電素子1を流れる電流C1によって、地板2の外周付近にはイメージ電流C2が誘起される。より具体的には、イメージ電流C2は、辺CE、及び共有頂点Cから無給電側接続点Bまでの間に誘起される。電流C2の進行方向は、電流C1とは逆方向、すなわち頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bに向かう方向である。このイメージ電流C2が請求項に記載の第1イメージ電流に相当する。   When transmitting the target radio wave, as shown in FIG. 3, a high-frequency current corresponding to the frequency of the target radio wave is supplied from the power supply unit 4 to the power-supplied element 1, and a current C1 flows on the power-supplied element 1 toward the open end. . An image current C <b> 2 is induced near the outer periphery of the ground plane 2 by the current C <b> 1 flowing through the powered element 1. More specifically, the image current C2 is induced between the side CE and the shared vertex C to the non-feed side connection point B. The traveling direction of the current C2 is the direction opposite to the current C1, that is, the direction from the vertex E toward the non-feed side connection point B. This image current C2 corresponds to the first image current described in the claims.

なお、イメージ電流C2は、実際には、辺CE及び辺AC以外の部分、例えば地板2の辺ACの対辺にも電流が誘起されうる。しかし、頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bまでの電気的な長さが、対象電波の4分の1波長分の長さとなっていることから、イメージ電流C2は、無給電側接続点B及び頂点Eのそれぞれを節(又は腹)とする定常波を形成しやすい。したがって、電流C1によって誘起されるイメージ電流C2は主として頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bの間に発生する。また、上記理由によって、頂点Eをイメージ電流C2の始点と見なすことができる。   Note that the image current C2 can actually be induced in a portion other than the side CE and the side AC, for example, the opposite side of the side AC of the ground plane 2. However, since the electrical length from the vertex E to the non-feed side connection point B is the length of a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave, the image current C2 is the non-feed side connection point B and It is easy to form a standing wave with each vertex E as a node (or an antinode). Therefore, the image current C2 induced by the current C1 is mainly generated between the apex E and the non-feed side connection point B. For the above reason, the vertex E can be regarded as the starting point of the image current C2.

頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bに向かって流れるイメージ電流C2は、無給電側接続点Bから無給電素子3に流入する。その成分を便宜上、電流C3とする。なお、無給電素子3に流れる電流C3の位相は、頂点Eから無給電側接続点Bまでの長さが電気的に誘起される電流の4分の1波長分の長さとなっているため、イメージ電流C2に対して90度遅れたものとなる。   The image current C <b> 2 that flows from the vertex E toward the parasitic connection point B flows from the parasitic connection point B into the parasitic element 3. The component is referred to as current C3 for convenience. The phase of the current C3 flowing through the parasitic element 3 is a length corresponding to a quarter wavelength of the electrically induced current from the vertex E to the parasitic side connection point B. This is delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the image current C2.

そして、無給電素子3上に電流C3が発生することによって、図4に示すように辺ACを中心に、イメージ電流C4が誘起される。より具体的には、イメージ電流C4は、主として頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dまでの間に誘起される。イメージ電流C4の向きは頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dに向かう向きである。また、イメージ電流C4の位相は、イメージ電流C2に対して90度遅れている。   Then, when the current C3 is generated on the parasitic element 3, an image current C4 is induced around the side AC as shown in FIG. More specifically, the image current C4 is mainly induced between the vertex A and the power supply side connection point D. The direction of the image current C4 is a direction from the vertex A toward the power supply side connection point D. Further, the phase of the image current C4 is delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the image current C2.

イメージ電流C4が、主として頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dまでの間に発生する理由は、頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dまでの電気的な長さが、対象電波の4分の1波長分の長さとなっているためである。すなわち、共振状態における安定性からイメージ電流C4は、頂点Aから被給電側接続点Dの間に発生する。ここでの共振状態の安定性とは、定常波の節の形成のしやすさを指す。   The reason why the image current C4 is mainly generated from the vertex A to the power supply side connection point D is that the electrical length from the vertex A to the power supply side connection point D is a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave. This is because it is the length of a minute. That is, the image current C4 is generated between the vertex A and the power supply side connection point D from the stability in the resonance state. Here, the stability of the resonance state refers to the ease of forming a standing wave node.

ここで、無給電側接続点Bから被給電側接続点Dまで区間においては、イメージ電流C2とイメージ電流C4とが重なりあう。イメージ電流C2とイメージ電流C4とは、互いに逆方向の電流であるため、互いに打ち消し合うように振る舞う。ただし、イメージ電流C2とイメージ電流C4とは位相がずれているため、完全に打ち消し合うのではなく、無給電側接続点Bから被給電側接続点Dまで区間には若干の電流が残留する。   Here, in the section from the non-feed side connection point B to the fed side connection point D, the image current C2 and the image current C4 overlap each other. Since the image current C2 and the image current C4 are currents in opposite directions, they behave so as to cancel each other. However, since the image current C2 and the image current C4 are out of phase, they do not completely cancel each other, and a slight current remains in the section from the non-feed side connection point B to the fed side connection point D.

図5は、以上で述べたアンテナ装置100の作動をまとめたものである。地板2の頂点Eから被給電側接続点Dの間には、被給電素子1に流れる電流C1に起因するイメージ電流C2aが流れる。また、地板2の頂点Aから無給電側接続点Bの間には、イメージ電流C2aに対して位相が90度遅れたイメージ電流C4aが流れる。さらに、イメージ電流C2a、C4aが生じる辺ACと辺CEは図1に示すように直角である。   FIG. 5 summarizes the operation of the antenna device 100 described above. Between the vertex E of the ground plane 2 and the power-supplied side connection point D, an image current C2a caused by the current C1 flowing in the power-supplied element 1 flows. Further, an image current C4a having a phase delayed by 90 degrees with respect to the image current C2a flows between the apex A of the ground plane 2 and the non-feeding side connection point B. Further, the side AC and the side CE where the image currents C2a and C4a are generated are at right angles as shown in FIG.

すなわち、イメージ電流C2a、C4aは互いに直交し、かつ、位相が90度ずれたものとなる。また、電流の振幅も同程度となるため、これらのイメージ電流C2a、C4aによって円偏波が送信される。なお、円偏波は、地板2に垂直な方向に放射される。   That is, the image currents C2a and C4a are orthogonal to each other and are 90 degrees out of phase. In addition, since the amplitude of the current is approximately the same, circularly polarized waves are transmitted by these image currents C2a and C4a. The circularly polarized wave is radiated in a direction perpendicular to the ground plane 2.

図6は、本アンテナ装置100の円偏波の放射特性を示す図である。図6の0度は、基板10から地板2へと向かう方向、すなわち基板10の裏面から表面へと向かう垂直方向を表している。本実施形態の構成によれば、地板2の0度の方向に広角に左旋円偏波を送信及び受信することができる。   FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the circularly polarized radiation characteristics of the antenna device 100. 6 represents a direction from the substrate 10 toward the ground plane 2, that is, a vertical direction from the back surface to the front surface of the substrate 10. According to the configuration of the present embodiment, the left-handed circularly polarized wave can be transmitted and received in a wide angle in the direction of 0 degrees of the ground plane 2.

さらに、本アンテナ装置100は、例えば車両のフロントガラス上部などに取り付けられた場合には、180度方向に放射する電波を反射する要素が存在しないため、180方向にも放射特性を備える。なお、0度方向に放射する円偏波が左旋円偏波(図中実線)である場合には、180度の方向に放射する円偏波は右旋円偏波(図中破線)となる。   Furthermore, when the antenna device 100 is attached to, for example, the upper part of a windshield of a vehicle, there is no element that reflects radio waves radiated in the 180 degree direction, and therefore the antenna device 100 also has radiation characteristics in the 180 direction. When the circularly polarized wave radiating in the 0 degree direction is a left-handed circularly polarized wave (solid line in the figure), the circularly polarized wave radiating in the direction of 180 degrees is a right-handed circularly polarized wave (dashed line in the figure). .

本実施形態では、0度方向に左旋円偏波を放射する構成となっているが、他の構成として給電部4を無給電素子3側に設けた場合には、0度方向に右旋円偏波を放射するアンテナ装置となる。   In the present embodiment, the structure is configured to radiate a left-handed circularly polarized wave in the 0 degree direction. However, when the power feeding unit 4 is provided on the parasitic element 3 side as another structure, the right-handed circular shape in the 0 degree direction. The antenna device radiates polarized waves.

以上で述べた本アンテナ装置100における形状は適宜されればよい。対象電波の周波数を1.575GHz、対象電波の導波波長を117mmと想定した場合には、地板2の1辺の長さを25mmとすればよい。すなわち、地板2の1辺の長さを導波波長の4分の1に相当する長さ(117÷4≒29mm)よりも短い値とすることができる。なお、共有頂点Cから被給電側接続点Dまでの距離は4〜5mmとすればよい。すなわち、1辺の長さと共有頂点Cから被給電側接続点Dまでの距離の和が、導波波長の4分の1とすればよい。共有頂点Cから無給電側接続点Bまでの距離もまた4〜5mmとすればよい。   The shape of the antenna device 100 described above may be appropriately determined. Assuming that the frequency of the target radio wave is 1.575 GHz and the waveguide wavelength of the target radio wave is 117 mm, the length of one side of the ground plane 2 may be 25 mm. That is, the length of one side of the ground plane 2 can be set to a value shorter than a length corresponding to one-fourth of the waveguide wavelength (117 ÷ 4≈29 mm). Note that the distance from the shared vertex C to the power-supplied side connection point D may be 4 to 5 mm. That is, the sum of the length of one side and the distance from the shared vertex C to the fed-side connection point D may be ¼ of the waveguide wavelength. The distance from the shared vertex C to the non-feed side connection point B may also be 4 to 5 mm.

(実施形態のまとめ)
地板2に対して、被給電素子1と無給電素子3を、それぞれの長手方向が直交し、かつ、各開放端が離れるように配置することによって、地板2に、互いに直交し、かつ、位相が90度ずれたイメージ電流C2a、C4aを発生させることができる。そして、当該イメージ電流にC2a、C4aによって円偏波を放射することができる。
(Summary of embodiment)
By arranging the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 with respect to the ground plane 2 such that the longitudinal directions thereof are orthogonal to each other and the open ends are separated from each other, the ground plane 2 is orthogonal to each other and has a phase. Can generate image currents C2a and C4a that are shifted by 90 degrees. Then, circular polarization can be radiated to the image current by C2a and C4a.

ここで、イメージ電流C2aを発生させるために、地板2の1辺(例えば辺CE)の電気的長さが4分の1波長の整数倍となっている必要はなく、辺CEと共有頂点Cから無給電側接続点Bまで部分の長さの和が、電気的に対象電波の4分の1波長の整数倍となっていればよい。   Here, in order to generate the image current C2a, the electrical length of one side (for example, the side CE) of the ground plane 2 does not need to be an integral multiple of a quarter wavelength, and the side CE and the shared vertex C The sum of the lengths of the portions from the power supply side connection point B to the non-feed side connection point B only needs to be an integral multiple of a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave.

したがって、地板2の1辺の電気的長さを4分の1波長よりも小さくすることができる。イメージ電流C4a、及び、イメージ電流C4aが誘起される辺ACについても同様である。   Therefore, the electrical length of one side of the ground plane 2 can be made smaller than a quarter wavelength. The same applies to the image current C4a and the side AC where the image current C4a is induced.

すなわち、特許文献1の構成よりも地板2を小さくすることができる。さらに、被給電素子1及び無給電素子3の電気的な長さは、対象電波の4分の1波長よりも短い、8分の1としても動作させることができる。したがって、本実施形態の構成によれば、円偏波を送受信するアンテナ装置を、より小型化することができる。   That is, the ground plane 2 can be made smaller than the configuration of Patent Document 1. Furthermore, the electrical lengths of the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 can be made to operate as 1/8 shorter than the quarter wavelength of the target radio wave. Therefore, according to the configuration of the present embodiment, the antenna device that transmits and receives circularly polarized waves can be further downsized.

なお、辺CEと共有頂点Cから無給電側接続点Bまでの長さの和が、電気的に対象電波の4分の1波長の整数倍から多少ずれていても、イメージ電流C2a、C4aを発生させることができ、円偏波を放射することができる。ただし、その場合、軸比が劣化してしまったり、利得が低下してしまったりする恐れがある。したがって、辺CEと共有頂点Cから無給電側接続点Bまでの長さの和は、電気的に対象電波の4分の1波長の整数倍となっていることが好ましい。   Even if the sum of the length from the side CE and the shared vertex C to the non-feed side connection point B is slightly deviated from an integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave, the image currents C2a and C4a are Can be generated and can radiate circularly polarized waves. However, in that case, there is a possibility that the axial ratio is deteriorated or the gain is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable that the sum of the length from the side CE and the shared vertex C to the non-feed side connection point B is electrically an integral multiple of a quarter wavelength of the target radio wave.

また、本アンテナ装置100は、特許文献1のアンテナ装置に対して著しく小型が実現できることに加えて、対称構造である必要はない。例えば地板2は、辺ACに対して辺CEが長い長方形状であっても良い。その場合もイメージ電流C2は、無給電側接続点Bを節とするように励振するため、円偏波を放射することができる。   Further, the antenna device 100 does not need to have a symmetric structure in addition to being able to realize a significantly small size compared to the antenna device of Patent Document 1. For example, the base plate 2 may have a rectangular shape with a long side CE with respect to the side AC. Also in this case, the image current C2 is excited so as to have the non-feed side connection point B as a node, so that circularly polarized waves can be radiated.

以上、本発明の実施形態を説明したが、本発明は上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、次の変形例も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれ、さらに、下記以外にも要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で種々変更して実施することができる。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, The following modification is also contained in the technical scope of this invention, Furthermore, the summary other than the following is also included. Various modifications can be made without departing from the scope.

例えば、アンテナ装置100は、小型化に伴って放射抵抗が低下しているため、基板10における誘電体損失の影響を受けやすい。すなわち、基板10における誘電体損失によって放射利得が大きく低下する場合がある。   For example, since the radiation resistance of the antenna device 100 is reduced with downsizing, the antenna device 100 is easily affected by dielectric loss in the substrate 10. That is, the radiation gain may be greatly reduced due to dielectric loss in the substrate 10.

そこで、図7から図9に示すように、相対的に強い電流が流れる被給電素子1と地板2の間、及び無給電素子3と地板2との間に存在する基板10を部分的に除去(いわゆる肉抜き)してもよい。基板10のうち、線状導体素子と地板2との間に存在する領域を肉抜きすることによって、基板10による誘電体損失による影響を低減することができる。   Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the substrate 10 existing between the fed element 1 and the ground plane 2 through which a relatively strong current flows and between the passive element 3 and the ground plane 2 is partially removed. (So-called meat removal) may be performed. By removing the region of the substrate 10 between the linear conductor element and the ground plane 2, the influence of the dielectric loss due to the substrate 10 can be reduced.

なお、被給電素子1と無給電素子3とを区別しない場合には、単に線状導体素子と称する。また、基板10のうち、線状導体素子と地板2との間に存在する領域を肉抜きした構成を変形例1とする。図7〜9は、変形例1の一例である。   In addition, when not distinguishing the to-be-powered element 1 and the parasitic element 3, it is only called a linear conductor element. Further, a configuration in which a region existing between the linear conductor element and the ground plane 2 in the substrate 10 is thinned out is referred to as a first modification. 7 to 9 are examples of the first modification.

図7に示す基板10Aは、基板10において線状導体素子と地板2との間に存在する部分を切り取ったものである。また、図8に示す基板10B、及び図9に示す基板10Cは、基板10において線状導体素子と地板2との間に存在する部分に複数の貫通孔を設けたものである。   A substrate 10A shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by cutting a portion of the substrate 10 existing between the linear conductor element and the ground plane 2. Moreover, the board | substrate 10B shown in FIG. 8 and the board | substrate 10C shown in FIG. 9 provide the some through-hole in the part which exists between the linear conductor element and the ground plane 2 in the board | substrate 10. FIG.

また、図10に示すように、基板10の裏面に、表面に設けられる被給電素子1、地板2、無給電素子3のそれぞれと同様の導体パターン5,6,7を設けた構成としてもよい。すなわち、導体パターン5は、被給電素子1に対応し、導体パターン6は地板2に対応し、導体パターン7は無給電素子3に対応するものである(これを変形例2とする)。   Further, as shown in FIG. 10, the back surface of the substrate 10 may be provided with conductor patterns 5, 6, and 7 similar to those of the powered element 1, the ground plane 2, and the parasitic element 3 provided on the front surface. . That is, the conductor pattern 5 corresponds to the power-supplied element 1, the conductor pattern 6 corresponds to the ground plane 2, and the conductor pattern 7 corresponds to the parasitic element 3 (this is referred to as a modified example 2).

このような構成とすることで、周知の折り返しアンテナと同様の効果が得られ、実施形態で述べた構成に比べて放射抵抗を増大させることができる。したがって、この変形例2の構成によっても、基板10による誘電体損失の影響を低減することができる。   By adopting such a configuration, the same effect as a known folded antenna can be obtained, and the radiation resistance can be increased as compared with the configuration described in the embodiment. Therefore, the configuration of the second modification can also reduce the influence of the dielectric loss caused by the substrate 10.

また、線状導体素子の形状は、L字側に限らず、適宜変更されても良い。特に、長手部分に関しては、直線形状に限らず、所望のインダクタンス成分を得られるように種々の変形を施してもよい。そのような構成を変形例3とする。   Further, the shape of the linear conductor element is not limited to the L-shaped side, and may be changed as appropriate. In particular, the longitudinal portion is not limited to a linear shape, and various modifications may be made so as to obtain a desired inductance component. Such a configuration is referred to as a third modification.

例えば、図11に示す被給電素子1A及び無給電素子3Aは、実施形態における被給電素子1及び無給電素子3の長手部分を、Z字状に何度も折り曲げた、いわゆるジグザグ形状としたものである。このような構成によれば、地板2の形状を変更せずに、線状導体素子が備えるインダクタンス成分を調整することで、被給電素子1Aに流れる電流を共振させ、地板2に流れるイメージ電流C2を増大させることができる。   For example, the fed element 1A and the parasitic element 3A shown in FIG. 11 have a so-called zigzag shape in which the longitudinal portions of the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 in the embodiment are bent in a Z shape many times. It is. According to such a configuration, by adjusting the inductance component included in the linear conductor element without changing the shape of the ground plane 2, the current flowing through the power-supplied element 1 </ b> A is resonated and the image current C <b> 2 flowing through the ground plane 2 is adjusted. Can be increased.

図12に示す被給電素子1B及び無給電素子3Bは、図11と同様の思想に基づいて、実施形態における被給電素子1及び無給電素子3の長手部分の一部をコイル状にした例である。さらに、図13及び図14に示すように、被給電素子1C及び無給電素子3Cは、基板10を縫うように基板10に延設してもよい。なお、図14は、図13に示すアンテナ装置100の14−14線における断面図である。   A powered element 1B and a parasitic element 3B shown in FIG. 12 are examples in which part of the longitudinal portions of the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 in the embodiment are coiled based on the same idea as in FIG. is there. Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the fed element 1 </ b> C and the parasitic element 3 </ b> C may extend to the substrate 10 so as to sew the substrate 10. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 14-14 of antenna apparatus 100 shown in FIG.

以上では、地板2の形状として長方形(実施形態では正方形)を採用した構成について述べたが、地板2の形状はこれに限らない。例えばアンテナ装置が備える地板の形状を打楕円形にした構成(これを変形例4とする)を図15に示す。   In the above, although the structure which employ | adopted the rectangle (square in embodiment) as the shape of the ground plane 2 was described, the shape of the ground plane 2 is not restricted to this. For example, FIG. 15 shows a configuration in which the shape of the ground plane included in the antenna device is a hitting ellipse (this is a modified example 4).

図15に示すように、変形例4におけるアンテナ装置200は、楕円形の地板220、
被給電素子210、及び無給電素子230を備える。被給電素子210及び無給電素子230は、実施形態で述べた被給電素子1及び無給電素子3のそれぞれに相当するものである。被給電素子210及び無給電素子230は、地板220の外周に略平行な長手部211、231を備える。
As shown in FIG. 15, the antenna device 200 according to the modified example 4 includes an elliptical base plate 220,
A fed element 210 and a parasitic element 230 are provided. The fed element 210 and the parasitic element 230 correspond to the fed element 1 and the parasitic element 3 described in the embodiment. The fed element 210 and the parasitic element 230 include longitudinal portions 211 and 231 that are substantially parallel to the outer periphery of the ground plane 220.

この変形例4においては、地板220の外周を長軸X及び短軸Yによって4等分して生じる各区間が、実施形態における地板2の1辺に相当する。すなわち、図15中の、地板220の短軸Y方向の一端Nから長軸X方向の一端Lまでの区間が、実施形態における辺CEに相当し、端部Lから短軸Y方向の他端Mまでの区間が、実施形態における辺ACに相当する。端部Lが、共有頂点に相当する。   In the fourth modification, each section generated by equally dividing the outer periphery of the base plate 220 by the long axis X and the short axis Y corresponds to one side of the base plate 2 in the embodiment. That is, a section from one end N in the minor axis Y direction to one end L in the major axis X direction of the main plate 220 in FIG. 15 corresponds to the side CE in the embodiment, and the other end in the minor axis Y direction from the end L. The section up to M corresponds to the side AC in the embodiment. The end L corresponds to a shared vertex.

なお、長軸X及び短軸Yが請求項に記載の対称な軸に相当し、長軸Xと短軸Yとの交点が地板220の中心に相当する。   The long axis X and the short axis Y correspond to the symmetrical axes recited in the claims, and the intersection of the long axis X and the short axis Y corresponds to the center of the main plate 220.

上記構成において被給電素子210が備える長手部211の一部と、無給電素子230が備える長手部231の一部とは、互いに直交する構成となっている。したがって、実施形態と同様に、地板220には、互いに直交し、かつ位相が90°ずれたイメージ電流を誘起させることができる。そして、変形例4の構成においても実施形態と同様の効果を奏することができる。   In the above configuration, a part of the longitudinal part 211 provided in the power-supplied element 210 and a part of the longitudinal part 231 provided in the parasitic element 230 are orthogonal to each other. Therefore, as in the embodiment, image currents that are orthogonal to each other and that are 90 ° out of phase can be induced in the ground plane 220. In the configuration of the modified example 4, the same effect as that of the embodiment can be obtained.

以上の変形例4では、地板220の形状を楕円形状とした場合の構成について例示したが、これに限らない。地板220の形状は真円であってもよい。その場合、円の中心を通って互いに直交する直線が、請求項に記載の2つの対称の軸に相当する。   In the above modification 4, the configuration in the case where the shape of the base plate 220 is an elliptical shape is illustrated, but the configuration is not limited thereto. The shape of the main plate 220 may be a perfect circle. In that case, straight lines that are orthogonal to each other through the center of the circle correspond to the two symmetrical axes recited in the claims.

100・200 アンテナ装置、10、10A〜C 基板、1・1A〜C・210 被給電素子(第1線状導体素子)、2・220 地板(導体地板)、3・3A〜C・230 無給電素子(第2線状導体素子)、4 給電部、11・211 長手部(第1平行部)、31・231 長手部(第2平行部) 100 · 200 Antenna device 10, 10A to C substrate, 1 · 1A to C · 210 Powered element (first linear conductor element), 2 · 220 Ground plane (conductor ground plane), 3 · 3A to C · 230 Element (second linear conductor element), 4 power feeding portion, 11 · 211 longitudinal portion (first parallel portion), 31 · 231 longitudinal portion (second parallel portion)

Claims (9)

導体地板(2、220)と、
線状であって、一方の端が給電部(4)を介して前記導体地板と接続され、他方の端が開放端となっている第1線状導体素子(1、210)と、
線状であって、一方の端が前記導体地板と接続され、他方の端が開放端となっている第2線状導体素子(3、230)と、を備えるアンテナ装置であって、
前記第1線状導体素子は、前記導体地板の外周と対向している第1平行部(11、211)を備え、
前記第2線状導体素子は、前記導体地板と外周と対向し、かつ、前記第1平行部と略直交する第2平行部(31、231)を備え、
前記第2線状導体素子と前記導体地板との接続部(以降、第2素子接続部)と、前記給電部とを近接するように配置することを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
A conductor ground plane (2, 220);
A first linear conductor element (1, 210) which is linear and has one end connected to the conductor ground plane via a power feeding section (4) and the other end being an open end;
A second linear conductor element (3, 230) that is linear and has one end connected to the conductor ground plane and the other end being an open end,
The first linear conductor element includes a first parallel portion (11, 211) facing the outer periphery of the conductor ground plane,
The second linear conductor element includes a second parallel portion (31, 231) that opposes the conductor ground plane and an outer periphery and is substantially orthogonal to the first parallel portion,
An antenna device comprising: a connecting portion (hereinafter referred to as a second element connecting portion) between the second linear conductor element and the conductor ground plane, and the feeding portion arranged close to each other.
請求項1において、
前記第1線状導体素子及び前記第2線状導体素子はそれぞれ、前記導体地板と同一平面上の前記導体地板の外部に設けられており、
前記第2素子接続部は、前記給電部から前記第1線状導体素子に電流を流すことによって前記導体地板の外周に流れる第1イメージ電流の位相が、当該第1イメージ電流の始点から90度の整数倍ずれる位置となっていることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In claim 1,
Each of the first linear conductor element and the second linear conductor element is provided outside the conductor ground plane on the same plane as the conductor ground plane,
In the second element connecting portion, the phase of the first image current flowing on the outer periphery of the conductor ground plane by flowing current from the power feeding portion to the first linear conductor element is 90 degrees from the start point of the first image current. An antenna device characterized by being shifted by an integer multiple of.
請求項1又は2において、
前記導体地板は、1辺の電気的長さが、送受信の対象とする電波の4分の1波長よりも短い正方形状であって、
前記第1平行部は、前記導体地板が備える複数の辺のうち、前記給電部が設けられている辺に平行であって、
前記第2素子接続部は、前記給電部が設けられている辺に直交する辺であって、前記給電部が設けられている辺の両端に相当する2つの頂点のうち、前記給電部が設けられている側の頂点を共有する辺に設けられ、
前記第2平行部は、前記第2素子接続部が設けられている辺に平行であることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In claim 1 or 2,
The conductor ground plane has a square shape in which an electrical length of one side is shorter than a quarter wavelength of a radio wave to be transmitted and received,
The first parallel portion is parallel to a side where the power feeding unit is provided among a plurality of sides included in the conductor ground plane,
The second element connecting portion is a side orthogonal to a side where the power feeding unit is provided, and the power feeding unit is provided among two vertices corresponding to both ends of the side where the power feeding unit is provided. Provided on the edge sharing the vertex of the
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the second parallel portion is parallel to a side where the second element connection portion is provided.
請求項3において、
前記給電部が設けられている辺と前記第2素子接続部が設けられている辺とが共有する頂点から前記第2素子接続部までの電気的長さと、前記給電部が設けられている辺の電気的長さの和が、送受信の対象とする電波の4分の1波長の整数倍に相当する長さとなっていることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In claim 3,
The electrical length from the vertex shared by the side where the power supply unit is provided and the side where the second element connection unit is provided to the second element connection unit, and the side where the power supply unit is provided The sum of the electrical lengths is a length corresponding to an integral multiple of a quarter wavelength of the radio wave to be transmitted and received.
請求項3又は4において、
前記給電部が設けられている辺と前記第2素子接続部が設けられている辺とが共有する頂点から前記給電部までの電気的長さと、前記第2素子接続部が設けられている辺の電気的長さの和が、送受信の対象とする電波の4分の1波長の整数倍に相当する長さとなっていることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In claim 3 or 4,
The electrical length from the apex shared by the side where the power supply unit is provided and the side where the second element connection unit is provided to the power supply unit, and the side where the second element connection unit is provided The sum of the electrical lengths is a length corresponding to an integral multiple of a quarter wavelength of the radio wave to be transmitted and received.
請求項1から5の何れか1項において、
前記導体地板、前記第1線状導体素子、及び前記第2線状導体素子は何れも、誘電体を材料とする基板(10)の片面に設けられてあって、
前記基板のうち、前記第1線状導体素子及び前記導体地板の外周部分で囲まれる領域の一部と、前記第2線状導体素子及び前記導体地板の外周部分で囲まれる領域の一部を取り除いた形状となっていることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In any one of Claim 1 to 5,
The conductor ground plane, the first linear conductor element, and the second linear conductor element are all provided on one side of a substrate (10) made of a dielectric material,
Of the substrate, a part of a region surrounded by an outer peripheral part of the first linear conductor element and the conductor ground plate and a part of a region surrounded by an outer peripheral part of the second linear conductor element and the conductor ground plate. An antenna device having a removed shape.
請求項1から6の何れか1項において、
前記導体地板、前記第1線状導体素子、及び前記第2線状導体素子は何れも、誘電体を材料とする基板(10)の片面(表面とする)に設けられてあって、
前記基板の裏面に、前記導体地板、前記第1線状導体素子、及び前記第2線状導体素子と同様の導体パターンを備えることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In any one of Claim 1 to 6,
The conductor ground plane, the first linear conductor element, and the second linear conductor element are all provided on one surface (surface) of a substrate (10) made of a dielectric material,
An antenna device comprising a conductor pattern similar to that of the conductor ground plane, the first linear conductor element, and the second linear conductor element on a back surface of the substrate.
請求項1から7の何れか1項において、
前記第1線状導体素子は、当該素子が備えるインダクタンス成分を増大させるための構造を備えていることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In any one of Claims 1-7,
The antenna device, wherein the first linear conductor element has a structure for increasing an inductance component included in the element.
請求項2において、
前記導体地板は、円形又は楕円形であって、
前記第1線状導体素子及び前記第2線状導体素子は、前記導体地板の中心を通って互いに直交する対称の軸(X、Y)によって区分される前記導体地板の外周の4つの区間のうち、前記対称の軸のうち何れか一方の軸において前記導体地板を折り返した場合に重なりあう2つの区間のそれぞれに設けられていることを特徴とするアンテナ装置。
In claim 2,
The conductor ground plane is circular or elliptical,
The first linear conductor element and the second linear conductor element are divided into four sections on the outer periphery of the conductor ground plane that are separated by symmetrical axes (X, Y) that are orthogonal to each other through the center of the conductor ground plane. Of these, the antenna device is provided in each of two sections that overlap when the conductor ground plane is folded back on any one of the symmetrical axes.
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