JP2016005322A - Protection circuit, battery unit and electronic apparatus - Google Patents

Protection circuit, battery unit and electronic apparatus Download PDF

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JP2016005322A
JP2016005322A JP2014123013A JP2014123013A JP2016005322A JP 2016005322 A JP2016005322 A JP 2016005322A JP 2014123013 A JP2014123013 A JP 2014123013A JP 2014123013 A JP2014123013 A JP 2014123013A JP 2016005322 A JP2016005322 A JP 2016005322A
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secondary battery
voltage
protection circuit
discharge rate
discharge
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JP6335032B2 (en
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恭平 竹内
Kyohei Takeuchi
恭平 竹内
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Maxell Holdings Ltd
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Hitachi Maxell Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a protection circuit, a battery unit and an electronic apparatus, capable of securing a period after an electric connection between a secondary battery and the electronic apparatus is disconnected to a time when the secondary battery voltage reaches a recharge inhibition voltage.SOLUTION: A protection circuit 11 for a secondary battery 12, which is electrically connected to an electronic apparatus 20, includes: discharge means 111 for discharging the secondary battery 12 at a discharge rate higher than a normal discharge rate; a circuit body 113 which disconnects an electric connection of the electronic apparatus 20 and the discharge means 111 with the secondary battery 12, when the voltage of the secondary battery 12 becomes a predetermined voltage or lower. The normal discharge rate is a discharge rate in a state when the electronic apparatus 20 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 12 and the electronic apparatus 20 is normally operating.

Description

本発明は、保護回路、並びにこれを備える電池ユニット及び電子機器に関する。   The present invention relates to a protection circuit, a battery unit including the protection circuit, and an electronic device.

電子機器に用いられる二次電池は、一般に、過充電及び過放電が行われないよう保護される。例えば、特許文献１に記載されている電池パックは、二次電池の電圧が過充電検出電圧以上になると、二次電池に供給される充電電流を遮断し、二次電池の過充電を防止する。また、この電池パックは、二次電池の電圧が過放電検出電圧以下になると、二次電池と電子機器との接続を遮断し、二次電池の過放電を防止する。   Secondary batteries used in electronic devices are generally protected from being overcharged and overdischarged. For example, in the battery pack described in Patent Document 1, when the voltage of the secondary battery becomes equal to or higher than the overcharge detection voltage, the charging current supplied to the secondary battery is cut off to prevent the secondary battery from being overcharged. . In addition, when the voltage of the secondary battery becomes equal to or lower than the overdischarge detection voltage, the battery pack cuts off the connection between the secondary battery and the electronic device and prevents the secondary battery from being overdischarged.

特開２０１２−８５４８７号公報JP 2012-85487 A

ところで、特許文献１の電池パックは、二次電池の電圧が過放電検出電圧からさらに低下し、再充電禁止電圧以下になると、二次電池の再充電ができなくなるように構成されている。これにより、電池内部の金属イオンがデンドライト状の結晶となって析出し、内部短絡が生じるのが防止される。   By the way, the battery pack of Patent Document 1 is configured such that the secondary battery cannot be recharged when the voltage of the secondary battery further decreases from the overdischarge detection voltage and becomes equal to or lower than the recharge inhibition voltage. This prevents metal ions inside the battery from depositing as dendritic crystals and causing an internal short circuit.

しかしながら、このような構成において、二次電池を小型化し、二次電池の容量が小さくなった場合、二次電池の電圧が過放電検出電圧から再充電禁止電圧に達するまでの期間が短くなるという問題がある。この場合、二次電池を再充電することができなくなる事態を防止するためには、長期間使用しない場合であっても二次電池を頻繁に充電する必要があり、利用者に不便を強いることとなる。   However, in such a configuration, when the secondary battery is downsized and the capacity of the secondary battery is reduced, the period until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the recharge inhibition voltage from the overdischarge detection voltage is shortened. There's a problem. In this case, in order to prevent a situation in which the secondary battery cannot be recharged, it is necessary to charge the secondary battery frequently even when it is not used for a long period of time, which inconveniences the user. It becomes.

そこで、本発明は、二次電池と電子機器との電気的な接続が遮断された後、二次電池の電圧が再充電禁止電圧に至るまでの期間を確保することが可能な保護回路、並びにこれを備える電池ユニット及び電子機器を提供することを課題とする。   Therefore, the present invention provides a protection circuit capable of securing a period until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the recharge prohibition voltage after the electrical connection between the secondary battery and the electronic device is interrupted, and It is an object to provide a battery unit and an electronic device including the above.

本発明は、従来は充電する事によって長期保管を行っていたものを、放電する事によって長期保管可能とする、従来とは全く逆転の発想により上記課題を解決したものである。すなわち、本発明は、電子機器と電気的に接続される二次電池用の保護回路であって、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池を放電させる放電手段と、二次電池の電圧が所定の電圧以下になると、電子機器及び放電手段と二次電池との電気的な接続を遮断する回路本体と、を備え、通常の放電レートは、電子機器と二次電池とが電気的に接続され且つ電子機器が通常動作している状態における最も高い放電レートである。   The present invention solves the above-mentioned problem by the idea of completely reversing the conventional one, which enables long-term storage by discharging what has been conventionally stored by charging. That is, the present invention is a protection circuit for a secondary battery that is electrically connected to an electronic device, and includes discharge means for discharging the secondary battery at a discharge rate higher than a normal discharge rate, and a secondary battery And a circuit body that cuts off the electrical connection between the electronic device and the discharging means and the secondary battery when the voltage falls below a predetermined voltage, and the electronic device and the secondary battery are electrically connected at a normal discharge rate. And the highest discharge rate when the electronic device is normally operating.

二次電池が放電し、その電圧が所定の電圧以下に低下したときに二次電池を電子機器等の負荷から電気的に切り離すと、分極して低下していた二次電池の電圧は回復（上昇）する。この二次電池の電圧の回復量は、放電レートが高ければ分極が大きくなるとともに大きくなる。上記保護回路では、放電手段によって通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池を放電するため、通常の放電レートで二次電池が放電した場合と比較して、電子機器及び放電手段から電気的に切り離された後の二次電池の電圧の回復量が大きい。よって、上記保護回路によれば、二次電池が電子機器及び放電手段から切り離された後、二次電池の電圧が再充電禁止電圧に至るまでの期間を長く確保することができる。その結果、充電せずとも長期保管を可能とする事ができる。   When the secondary battery is discharged and its voltage drops below a predetermined voltage, if the secondary battery is electrically disconnected from the load such as an electronic device, the voltage of the secondary battery that has been reduced due to polarization is recovered ( To rise. The amount of voltage recovery of the secondary battery increases as the polarization increases as the discharge rate increases. In the above protective circuit, the secondary battery is discharged at a discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate by the discharging means, so that the electric device and the discharging means are more electrically connected than when the secondary battery is discharged at the normal discharge rate. The amount of voltage recovery of the secondary battery after being disconnected is large. Therefore, according to the protection circuit, it is possible to ensure a long period until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the recharge prohibition voltage after the secondary battery is disconnected from the electronic device and the discharging unit. As a result, long-term storage can be achieved without charging.

また、過放電防止の回路は、通常、二次電池を用いる場合には備えられているものであるため、上記の高い放電レートでの強制放電の保護回路構成を付加するのみという簡単な変更で長期保管を可能とする事ができる。   In addition, since the overdischarge prevention circuit is usually provided when a secondary battery is used, it can be simply changed by adding a protective circuit configuration for forced discharge at the above high discharge rate. Long-term storage is possible.

上記保護回路は、さらに、二次電池と放電手段との間に設けられ、二次電池と放電手段との電気的な接続及び非接続を切り替えるスイッチ素子、を備えていてもよい。この構成によれば、放電手段による通常の放電レートよりも高いレートでの放電と、放電手段によらない通常の放電レートでの放電とを適宜切り替えることができる。   The protection circuit may further include a switch element that is provided between the secondary battery and the discharge unit and switches electrical connection and disconnection between the secondary battery and the discharge unit. According to this configuration, it is possible to appropriately switch between discharge at a rate higher than the normal discharge rate by the discharge unit and discharge at a normal discharge rate not by the discharge unit.

上記保護回路において、放電手段は、回路本体によって電子機器及び当該放電手段と二次電池との電気的な接続が遮断された後において、二次電池の全容量に対する残存容量の比率が１０％以上となるように二次電池を放電させるよう構成されていてもよい。この構成によれば、二次電池が電子機器及び放電手段から電気的に切り離された後、二次電池の電圧が再充電禁止電圧に至るまでの期間をより確実に確保することができる。なお、本発明において、「全容量」とは公称容量を意味し、「残存容量」とは、電子機器及び放電手段と二次電池との電気的な接続が遮断され、電圧が回復した後の二次電池の残存容量のことをいう。また、二次電池の容量は、放電電流と放電終止電圧に達するまでの時間との積であり、二次電池の全容量に対する残存容量の比率の算出に際しては、「全容量」及び「最大容量」の計算に用いる放電電流及び放電終止電圧の値を統一する。   In the protection circuit, the discharging means has a ratio of the remaining capacity to the total capacity of the secondary battery of 10% or more after the electrical connection between the electronic device and the discharging means and the secondary battery is interrupted by the circuit body. The secondary battery may be configured to be discharged. According to this configuration, after the secondary battery is electrically disconnected from the electronic device and the discharging unit, it is possible to more reliably ensure a period until the voltage of the secondary battery reaches the recharge prohibition voltage. In the present invention, “total capacity” means nominal capacity, and “remaining capacity” means that the electrical connection between the electronic device and the discharging means and the secondary battery is interrupted and the voltage is restored. The remaining capacity of the secondary battery. The capacity of the secondary battery is the product of the discharge current and the time to reach the discharge end voltage. In calculating the ratio of the remaining capacity to the total capacity of the secondary battery, the “total capacity” and “maximum capacity” The values of discharge current and end-of-discharge voltage used in the calculation of "

本発明に係る電池ユニットは、上記保護回路と、保護回路に電気的に接続される二次電池と、を備えている。   The battery unit according to the present invention includes the protection circuit and a secondary battery that is electrically connected to the protection circuit.

また、本発明に係る電子機器は、上記保護回路と、保護回路に電気的に接続される機器本体と、を備えている。   An electronic device according to the present invention includes the protection circuit and a device main body electrically connected to the protection circuit.

上記電池ユニット及び電子機器は、上記保護回路を備えているため、上述した通り、二次電池が電子機器及び放電手段から電気的に切り離された後、二次電池の電圧が再充電禁止電圧に至るまでの期間を長く確保することができる。   Since the battery unit and the electronic device include the protection circuit, as described above, after the secondary battery is electrically disconnected from the electronic device and the discharging unit, the voltage of the secondary battery becomes the recharge prohibition voltage. A long period can be secured.

本発明の一実施形態に係る電池ユニットの構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the battery unit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係る電子機器の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the electronic device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 上記実施形態に係る二次電池の放電曲線の例を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the example of the discharge curve of the secondary battery which concerns on the said embodiment. 本発明の実施例における二次電池の放電曲線を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the discharge curve of the secondary battery in the Example of this invention.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。なお、同一の構成及び相当する構成については、同一の符号を付して同じ説明を繰り返さない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In addition, about the same structure and a corresponding structure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and the same description is not repeated.

［全体構成］
本実施形態に係る電池ユニット１０は、図１に示すように、電子機器２０に装着される。電池ユニット１０は、保護回路１１と、電子機器２０の機器本体２１に電力を供給する二次電池１２と、を備えている。なお、保護回路１１は、図２に示すように、電子機器２０に備えられていてもよい。 [overall structure]
As shown in FIG. 1, the battery unit 10 according to this embodiment is attached to an electronic device 20. The battery unit 10 includes a protection circuit 11 and a secondary battery 12 that supplies power to the device main body 21 of the electronic device 20. The protection circuit 11 may be provided in the electronic device 20 as shown in FIG.

保護回路１１は、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との電気的な接続状態を制御し、二次電池１２の過放電及び再充電を禁止する。保護回路１１は、放電手段１１１と、スイッチ素子１１２と、回路本体１１３と、を備えている。   The protection circuit 11 controls the electrical connection state between the device main body 21 and the secondary battery 12 and prohibits overdischarge and recharge of the secondary battery 12. The protection circuit 11 includes a discharge unit 111, a switch element 112, and a circuit body 113.

放電手段１１１は、二次電池１２に与えられる負荷（抵抗）であり、二次電池１の正極及び負極に接続される。放電手段１１１と二次電池１２の正極との間には、スイッチ素子１１２が設けられ、放電手段１１１と二次電池１２の負極との間には、回路本体１１３が設けられる。スイッチ素子１１２は、二次電池１２と放電手段１１１との電気的な接続及び非接続を切り替える。   The discharging means 111 is a load (resistance) applied to the secondary battery 12 and is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 1. A switch element 112 is provided between the discharging unit 111 and the positive electrode of the secondary battery 12, and a circuit body 113 is provided between the discharging unit 111 and the negative electrode of the secondary battery 12. The switch element 112 switches between electrical connection and non-connection between the secondary battery 12 and the discharge unit 111.

放電手段１１１は、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池１２を放電させる。なお、通常の放電レートとは、電子機器２０を含むすべての負荷と二次電池１２とが電気的に接続され、且つ電子機器２０が通常動作している状態における二次電池１２の放電レートをいう。放電手段１１１は、スイッチ素子１１２がＯＮの場合に二次電池１２と導通し、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池１２を放電させる。スイッチ素子１１２がＯＦＦの場合は、二次電池１２と放電手段１１１とは非導通となるため、電子機器２０を含むすべての負荷と二次電池１２とが電気的に接続され且つ電子機器２０が動作している状態であれば、二次電池１２は通常の放電レートで放電する。   The discharge means 111 discharges the secondary battery 12 at a discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate. The normal discharge rate is the discharge rate of the secondary battery 12 in a state where all loads including the electronic device 20 and the secondary battery 12 are electrically connected and the electronic device 20 is normally operating. Say. The discharging unit 111 is electrically connected to the secondary battery 12 when the switch element 112 is ON, and discharges the secondary battery 12 at a discharge rate higher than a normal discharge rate. When the switch element 112 is OFF, the secondary battery 12 and the discharge means 111 are non-conductive, so that all the loads including the electronic device 20 and the secondary battery 12 are electrically connected and the electronic device 20 is If it is in an operating state, the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a normal discharge rate.

ここで、「通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レート」と「通常の放電レート」との電流値を比較した場合、「通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レート」の電流値は、「通常の放電レート」の電流値の２倍以上が好ましく、さらに好ましくは１０倍以上である。   Here, when comparing the current values of “discharge rate higher than normal discharge rate” and “normal discharge rate”, the current value of “discharge rate higher than normal discharge rate” is “normal discharge rate”. The current value of “rate” is preferably 2 times or more, more preferably 10 times or more.

放電レートが高い程、分極が大きくなり、残存容量を大きく残した状態で、過放電禁止電圧とする事が出来る。このため、残存容量を大きく残した状態で、電子機器２０との二次電池１２との電気的な接続を遮断出来る。一方、放電レートが高すぎると二次電池１２に悪影響を与えてしまう可能性があるため、「通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レート」は、５Ｃ以下が好ましく、３Ｃ以下である事がより好ましい。なお、１Ｃとは、電池の定格容量を１時間で放電するための電流値をいう。   The higher the discharge rate, the greater the polarization, and the overdischarge inhibition voltage can be achieved with a large remaining capacity. For this reason, the electrical connection with the secondary battery 12 with the electronic device 20 can be interrupted | blocked in the state which left large residual capacity. On the other hand, if the discharge rate is too high, the secondary battery 12 may be adversely affected. Therefore, the “discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate” is preferably 5C or less, and more preferably 3C or less. . 1C refers to a current value for discharging the rated capacity of the battery in one hour.

また、「通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レート」は、電子機器２０が保護回路１１で消費する電流値をＩとした場合、１００Ｉ以上の電流値であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、１０００Ｉ以上の電流値である。   The “discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate” is preferably a current value of 100 I or more, more preferably 1000 I or more, where I is the current value consumed by the electronic device 20 in the protection circuit 11. Current value.

回路本体１１３は、二次電池１２の電圧を監視する電圧監視部１１３Ａと、二次電池１２と機器本体２１及び放電手段１１１との電気的な接続状態を制御する制御部１１３Ｂと、を備えている。回路本体１１３は、特に図示しないが、電池ユニット１０又は電子機器２０内の温度を監視する温度監視部や、二次電池１２に流れる過電流を検出する過電流検出部等をさらに備えていてもよい。   The circuit body 113 includes a voltage monitoring unit 113A that monitors the voltage of the secondary battery 12, and a control unit 113B that controls an electrical connection state between the secondary battery 12, the device body 21, and the discharging unit 111. Yes. Although not particularly illustrated, the circuit body 113 may further include a temperature monitoring unit that monitors the temperature in the battery unit 10 or the electronic device 20, an overcurrent detection unit that detects an overcurrent flowing through the secondary battery 12, and the like. Good.

電圧監視部１１３Ａは、二次電池１２の電圧を監視し、二次電池１２の電圧が所定の電圧（過放電禁止電圧）以下まで低下したときに、二次電池１２の過放電を停止するための制御信号（過放電禁止信号）ＳＯＤを制御部１１３Ｂに出力する。電圧監視部１１３Ａは、二次電池１２の電圧が過放電禁止電圧からさらに低下し、所定の電圧（再充電禁止電圧）以下になったときに、再充電禁止信号ＳＲを制御部１１３Ｂに出力する。 The voltage monitoring unit 113A monitors the voltage of the secondary battery 12, and stops overdischarge of the secondary battery 12 when the voltage of the secondary battery 12 decreases to a predetermined voltage (overdischarge prohibition voltage) or less. control signal and outputs the (over-discharge inhibiting signal) S OD to the control unit 113B. Voltage monitoring unit 113A, the voltage of the secondary battery 12 is further lowered from the over-discharge inhibition voltage, when it is below a predetermined voltage (recharge inhibition voltage), outputting a recharge inhibition signal S R to the control unit 113B To do.

制御部１１３Ｂは、過放電禁止信号ＳＯＤが入力されない間は、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との間に設けられたスイッチ素子（不図示）をＯＮにし、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との電気的な接続を維持している。 Controller 113B while the over-discharge inhibiting signal S OD is not input, and turns ON the switching element (not shown) provided between the apparatus body 21 and the secondary battery 12, the device body 21 and the secondary battery 12 And maintain electrical connection.

制御部１１３Ｂは、過放電禁止信号ＳＯＤが入力されると、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との間に設けられたスイッチ素子（不図示）をＯＦＦにし、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との電気的な接続を遮断する。このとき、制御部１１３Ｂは、図示しない充電回路やＤＣ／ＤＣコンバータ等の負荷と二次電池１２との電気的な接続も遮断する。さらに、制御部１１３Ｂは、二次電池１２と放電手段１１１との電気的な接続を遮断する。すなわち、制御部１１３Ｂは、回路本体１１３を除くすべての負荷と二次電池１２との電気的な接続を遮断する。 When the overdischarge inhibition signal SOD is input, the control unit 113B turns off a switch element (not shown) provided between the device main body 21 and the secondary battery 12, and the device main body 21 and the secondary battery 12 are turned off. Disconnect the electrical connection with the. At this time, the control unit 113B also cuts off the electrical connection between a load such as a charging circuit or a DC / DC converter (not shown) and the secondary battery 12. Further, the control unit 113B blocks the electrical connection between the secondary battery 12 and the discharging unit 111. That is, the control unit 113B blocks electrical connection between all the loads except the circuit body 113 and the secondary battery 12.

制御部１１３Ｂは、再充電禁止信号ＳＲが入力されると、図示しない充電機器等からの二次電池１２に対する充電電流の供給を遮断することにより、二次電池１２の充電を禁止する。その後、二次電池１２を再度充電することはできなくなる。 Control unit 113B, when recharging inhibition signal S R is input, by blocking the supply of charging current to the secondary battery 12 from the charging device or the like (not shown), to prohibit the charging of the secondary battery 12. Thereafter, the secondary battery 12 cannot be charged again.

［高放電レートでの二次電池の放電］
次に、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池１２を放電させる場合における電池ユニット１０の動作について説明する。なお、以下の説明では、電子機器２０は動作していない状態にあるものとする。 [Discharge of secondary battery at high discharge rate]
Next, the operation of the battery unit 10 when the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate will be described. In the following description, it is assumed that the electronic device 20 is not operating.

スイッチ素子１１２がＯＦＦになっている場合、二次電池１２と放電手段１１１との電気的な接続は遮断されている。また、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との間に設けられたスイッチ素子（不図示）がＯＮになっている場合、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との電気的な接続は維持されている。このとき、二次電池１２は通常の放電レートで放電されている。   When the switch element 112 is OFF, the electrical connection between the secondary battery 12 and the discharge means 111 is interrupted. Moreover, when the switch element (not shown) provided between the apparatus main body 21 and the secondary battery 12 is ON, the electrical connection between the apparatus main body 21 and the secondary battery 12 is maintained. . At this time, the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a normal discharge rate.

上記の状態において、利用者の操作等によってスイッチ素子１１２がＯＮにされると、二次電池１２と放電手段１１１とが電気的に接続され、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートでの二次電池１２の放電が開始される。なお、後述する通り、放電手段１１１による放電終了後、二次電池１２の電圧は回復する。放電手段１１１による二次電池１２の放電レートは、電圧回復後における二次電池１２の全容量に対する残存容量の比率が１０％以上となるように設定されていることが好ましい。   In the above state, when the switch element 112 is turned on by a user operation or the like, the secondary battery 12 and the discharge means 111 are electrically connected, and the secondary battery is discharged at a higher discharge rate than the normal discharge rate. Discharge of the battery 12 is started. As will be described later, after the discharge by the discharge means 111 is completed, the voltage of the secondary battery 12 is recovered. The discharge rate of the secondary battery 12 by the discharging means 111 is preferably set so that the ratio of the remaining capacity to the total capacity of the secondary battery 12 after voltage recovery is 10% or more.

二次電池１２の放電が進み、二次電池１２の電圧が過放電禁止電圧に到達すると、電圧監視部１１３Ａは、過放電禁止信号ＳＯＤを制御部１１３Ｂに出力する。これにより、制御部１１３Ｂは、二次電池１２と放電手段１１１との電気的な接続を遮断する。また、制御部１１３Ｂは、機器本体２１と二次電池１２との電気的な接続も遮断する。制御部１１３Ｂは、放電手段１１１及び機器本体２１以外の負荷と二次電池１２との電気的な接続も遮断する。すなわち、制御部１１３Ｂは、回路本体１１３以外のすべての負荷と二次電池１２との電気的な接続も遮断する。 When discharging of the secondary battery 12 proceeds and the voltage of the secondary battery 12 reaches the overdischarge inhibition voltage, the voltage monitoring unit 113A outputs an overdischarge inhibition signal SOD to the control unit 113B. As a result, the control unit 113B cuts off the electrical connection between the secondary battery 12 and the discharging unit 111. Further, the control unit 113B also cuts off the electrical connection between the device main body 21 and the secondary battery 12. The control unit 113B also cuts off the electrical connection between the secondary battery 12 and a load other than the discharging unit 111 and the device main body 21. That is, the control unit 113B also cuts off the electrical connection between all the loads other than the circuit body 113 and the secondary battery 12.

各負荷と二次電池１２との電気的な接続が遮断された直後、分極により低下していた二次電池１２の電圧は、過放電禁止電圧から回復（上昇）する。その後、二次電池１２の電圧は、自己放電及び保護回路１１の消費電流により、再充電禁止電圧まで徐々に低下する。   Immediately after the electrical connection between each load and the secondary battery 12 is cut off, the voltage of the secondary battery 12 that has been reduced by polarization recovers (increases) from the overdischarge inhibition voltage. Thereafter, the voltage of the secondary battery 12 gradually decreases to the recharge prohibition voltage due to the self-discharge and the consumption current of the protection circuit 11.

ここで、図３において、通常の放電レートで二次電池１２の放電を行った場合の放電曲線ＣＮ、及び通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池１２の放電を行った場合の放電曲線ＣＨを例示する。図３に示すように、放電曲線ＣＨの方が放電曲線ＣＮよりも過放電禁止電圧ＶＯＤに到達するまでの勾配が大きくなる。二次電池１２の電圧は、一旦過放電禁止電圧ＶＯＤに到達するが、放電を止める事で分極によって低下していた電圧が回復する。放電曲線ＣＨの回復量ＲＨは放電曲線ＣＮの回復量ＲＮよりも大きい。すなわち、過放電禁止状態になった後の二次電池１２の最大電圧は、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで放電を行った方が、通常の放電レートで放電を行うよりも大きくなる。したがって、過放電禁止状態になった後、二次電池１２の電圧が再充電禁止電圧ＶＲに至るまでの期間は、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで放電を行った場合の期間ＰＨの方が、通常の放電レートで放電を行った場合の期間ＰＮよりも長くなる。これは、高い放電レートで放電した方が二次電池１２の全容量に対する残存容量が大きい事を意味している。 Here, in FIG. 3, when the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a normal discharge rate, the discharge curve C N when the secondary battery 12 is discharged, and when the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate. The discharge curve CH is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 3, the discharge curve C H has a larger gradient until it reaches the overdischarge inhibition voltage V OD than the discharge curve C N. The voltage of the secondary battery 12 once reaches the overdischarge inhibition voltage VOD , but the voltage that has been reduced by polarization is recovered by stopping the discharge. Recovery amount R H of the discharge curve C H is greater than the recovery amount R N of the discharge curve C N. That is, the maximum voltage of the secondary battery 12 after being in the overdischarge prohibited state is larger when discharging at a discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate than when discharging at a normal discharge rate. Therefore, after the over-discharged inhibition state, the period until the voltage of the secondary battery 12 reaches the recharge inhibit voltage V R is the period P H in the case of performing discharge at a higher discharge rate than the normal discharge rate it is, longer than the period P N in the case of performing discharge in a normal discharge rate. This means that the remaining capacity with respect to the total capacity of the secondary battery 12 is larger when discharged at a higher discharge rate.

以上のように、本実施形態では、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで二次電池１２の放電を行うことにより、二次電池１２の電圧が過放電禁止電圧に至った直後における二次電池１２の電圧の回復量が大きく、残存容量が大きくなる。この結果、二次電池１２の電圧が過放電禁止電圧に至った後から再充電禁止電圧に低下するまでの期間を長く確保することができるため、二次電池１２の小型化を図ることが可能となる。   As described above, in the present embodiment, the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a discharge rate higher than the normal discharge rate, whereby the secondary battery immediately after the voltage of the secondary battery 12 reaches the overdischarge inhibition voltage. The voltage recovery amount of 12 is large, and the remaining capacity is large. As a result, since it is possible to ensure a long period from when the voltage of the secondary battery 12 reaches the overdischarge prohibition voltage to when the voltage drops to the recharge prohibition voltage, it is possible to reduce the size of the secondary battery 12. It becomes.

ここで、小型化された二次電池は、例えば、その容量が５００ｍＡより小さい扁平形二次電池である事が望ましい。容量の大きな電池の場合には、残存容量が大きい為、本発明における問題は生じにくいが、容量の小さな電池においては、この問題が顕著となる為である。   Here, the miniaturized secondary battery is preferably a flat secondary battery having a capacity of less than 500 mA, for example. In the case of a battery having a large capacity, since the remaining capacity is large, the problem in the present invention hardly occurs. However, in a battery having a small capacity, this problem becomes significant.

以下、実施例によって本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。ただし、本発明は、以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

［放電実験］
直径２０ｍｍ、厚み２．０ｍｍ、定格容量３０ｍＡｈの５つの扁平形二次電池１２（Ｎｏ.１〜Ｎｏ．５）を準備し、各二次電池１２に５０Ωの抵抗（放電手段１１１）を接続して、２Ｃ（６０ｍＡ）の放電レートで放電実験を行った。実験開始前における各二次電池１２の電圧は３．８０±０．０３Ｖであった（表１）。なお、二次電池１２に接続される保護回路１１の最大消費電流は０．３μＡである。 [Discharge experiment]
Five flat secondary batteries 12 (No. 1 to No. 5) having a diameter of 20 mm, a thickness of 2.0 mm, and a rated capacity of 30 mAh are prepared, and a 50Ω resistor (discharge means 111) is connected to each secondary battery 12. The discharge experiment was conducted at a discharge rate of 2C (60 mA). The voltage of each secondary battery 12 before the start of the experiment was 3.80 ± 0.03 V (Table 1). The maximum current consumption of the protection circuit 11 connected to the secondary battery 12 is 0.3 μA.

各二次電池１２の電圧が過放電禁止電圧２．７Ｖに到達するまで２Ｃの放電レートで放電を行った後、各二次電池１２を放電手段１１１から切り離し、実験開始から２時間が経過するまで各二次電池２の電圧をモニタリングした。図４に実験中の各二次電池１２の電圧の遷移を示す。その後、各二次電池１２を一瞬充電して過放電禁止状態を解除し、各二次電池１２の残存容量を確認した。   After discharging at the discharge rate of 2C until the voltage of each secondary battery 12 reaches the overdischarge prohibition voltage 2.7V, each secondary battery 12 is disconnected from the discharge means 111, and 2 hours have elapsed from the start of the experiment. Until then, the voltage of each secondary battery 2 was monitored. FIG. 4 shows voltage transition of each secondary battery 12 during the experiment. Thereafter, each secondary battery 12 was charged for a moment to cancel the overdischarge prohibited state, and the remaining capacity of each secondary battery 12 was confirmed.

［評価］
実験終了後の各二次電池１２の最高電圧及び残存容量を表１に示す。各二次電池１２の電圧は、過放電禁止電圧に至った後で回復し、最高値が約３．７Ｖとなった。電圧回復後における各二次電池１２の残存容量（放電レート０．２Ｃ、放電終止電圧２．７Ｖ）は、約３．０〜３．５ｍＡｈとなった。なお、残存容量の測定後、再充電禁止電圧として想定している終止電圧の０．９５Ｖまで、自己放電と保護回路の消費電流を元に想定して放電した場合の容量は約０．６ｍＡｈである。このため、本実施例では、再充電禁止電圧までの残存容量を最低でも３．６ｍＡｈ以上残すことができた。 [Evaluation]
Table 1 shows the maximum voltage and remaining capacity of each secondary battery 12 after the experiment. The voltage of each secondary battery 12 recovered after reaching the overdischarge inhibition voltage, and the maximum value was about 3.7V. The remaining capacity (discharge rate 0.2 C, discharge end voltage 2.7 V) of each secondary battery 12 after voltage recovery was about 3.0 to 3.5 mAh. After measuring the remaining capacity, the capacity when discharging based on the self-discharge and the consumption current of the protection circuit up to 0.95 V, the end voltage assumed as the recharge prohibition voltage, is about 0.6 mAh. is there. For this reason, in this example, the remaining capacity up to the recharge prohibition voltage could remain at least 3.6 mAh.

Figure 2016005322
Figure 2016005322

保護回路１１がスタンバイ状態（二次電池１２と回路本体１１３以外のすべての負荷とが切り離された状態）であれば、二次電池１２の消費容量は、自己放電及び保護回路１１の消費電流のみに起因する。保護回路１１がスタンバイ状態における二次電池１２の１日当たりの消費容量、及びその消費容量の場合に残存容量３．６ｍＡｈを消費する日数を計算した結果を表２に示す。表２に示すように、保護回路１１の消費電流を最大値である０．３μＡとした場合、二次電池１２の１日当たりの消費容量は０．０１０ｍＡｈとなり、３．６ｍＡｈの残存容量の消費日数は３７５となる。また、保護回路１１の消費電流を公称値である０．０５μＡとした場合は、二次電池１２の１日当たりの消費容量は０．００４ｍＡｈであり、３．６ｍＡｈの残存容量の消費日数は８７４であった。   If the protection circuit 11 is in a standby state (a state where all the loads other than the secondary battery 12 and the circuit body 113 are disconnected), the consumption capacity of the secondary battery 12 is only the self-discharge and the consumption current of the protection circuit 11. caused by. Table 2 shows the results of calculating the daily consumption capacity of the secondary battery 12 in the standby state of the protection circuit 11 and the number of days for which the remaining capacity 3.6 mAh is consumed in the case of the consumption capacity. As shown in Table 2, when the current consumption of the protection circuit 11 is 0.3 μA which is the maximum value, the daily consumption capacity of the secondary battery 12 is 0.010 mAh, and the remaining days of the remaining capacity of 3.6 mAh. Becomes 375. Further, when the current consumption of the protection circuit 11 is set to 0.05 μA which is a nominal value, the daily consumption capacity of the secondary battery 12 is 0.004 mAh, and the remaining capacity consumption time of 3.6 mAh is 874. there were.

Figure 2016005322
Figure 2016005322

以上のように、通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レート２Ｃで二次電池１２の放電を行うと、二次電池１２が過放電禁止状態となった後、その電圧が再充電禁止電圧０．９５Ｖに至るまでの期間を１年以上確保することができる。   As described above, when the secondary battery 12 is discharged at a discharge rate 2C higher than the normal discharge rate, after the secondary battery 12 enters the overdischarge prohibited state, the voltage becomes the recharge prohibited voltage 0.95V. A period of up to 1 year can be secured.

１０ 電池ユニット
１１ 保護回路
１１１ 放電手段
１１２ スイッチ素子
１１３ 回路本体
１２ 二次電池
２０ 電子機器
２１ 機器本体 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Battery unit 11 Protection circuit 111 Discharge means 112 Switch element 113 Circuit main body 12 Secondary battery 20 Electronic device 21 Device main body

Claims (5)

電子機器と電気的に接続される二次電池用の保護回路であって、
通常の放電レートよりも高い放電レートで前記二次電池を放電させる放電手段と、
前記二次電池の電圧が所定の電圧以下になると、前記電子機器及び前記放電手段と前記二次電池との電気的な接続を遮断する回路本体と、
を備え、
前記通常の放電レートは、前記電子機器と前記二次電池とが電気的に接続され且つ前記電子機器が通常動作している状態における放電レートである、保護回路。 A protection circuit for a secondary battery that is electrically connected to an electronic device,
Discharging means for discharging the secondary battery at a discharge rate higher than a normal discharge rate;
When the voltage of the secondary battery is equal to or lower than a predetermined voltage, a circuit body that cuts off the electrical connection between the electronic device and the discharging means and the secondary battery;
With
The normal discharge rate is a protection circuit that is a discharge rate in a state where the electronic device and the secondary battery are electrically connected and the electronic device is normally operating. 請求項１に記載の保護回路であって、さらに、
前記二次電池と前記放電手段との間に設けられ、前記二次電池と前記放電手段との電気的な接続及び非接続を切り替えるスイッチ素子、
を備える、保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
A switch element provided between the secondary battery and the discharge means, and for switching between electrical connection and disconnection between the secondary battery and the discharge means;
A protection circuit. 請求項１又は２に記載の保護回路であって、
前記放電手段は、前記回路本体によって前記電子機器及び当該放電手段と前記二次電池との電気的な接続が遮断された後において、前記二次電池の全容量に対する残存容量の比率が１０％以上となるように前記二次電池を放電させる、保護回路。 The protection circuit according to claim 1 or 2,
The discharging means has a ratio of the remaining capacity to the total capacity of the secondary battery of 10% or more after electrical connection between the electronic device and the discharging means and the secondary battery is interrupted by the circuit body. A protection circuit for discharging the secondary battery so that 請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の保護回路と、
前記保護回路に電気的に接続される二次電池と、
を備える、電池ユニット。 The protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A secondary battery electrically connected to the protection circuit;
A battery unit. 請求項１から３のいずれか１項に記載の保護回路と、
前記保護回路に電気的に接続される機器本体と、
を備える電子機器。 The protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A device body electrically connected to the protection circuit;
Electronic equipment comprising.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023501915A (en) * 2019-10-25 2023-01-20 ニコベンチャーズ トレーディング リミテッド battery charging

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JP2001023588A (en) * 1999-07-02 2001-01-26 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Battery pack
JP2001281306A (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Chargeable battery residual capacity detector
JP2002359009A (en) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-13 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Charger

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001023588A (en) * 1999-07-02 2001-01-26 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Battery pack
JP2001281306A (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-10 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Chargeable battery residual capacity detector
JP2002359009A (en) * 2001-05-31 2002-12-13 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Charger

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023501915A (en) * 2019-10-25 2023-01-20 ニコベンチャーズ トレーディング リミテッド battery charging

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