JP2015507326A - 水素品質監視装置 - Google Patents
水素品質監視装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015507326A JP2015507326A JP2014548189A JP2014548189A JP2015507326A JP 2015507326 A JP2015507326 A JP 2015507326A JP 2014548189 A JP2014548189 A JP 2014548189A JP 2014548189 A JP2014548189 A JP 2014548189A JP 2015507326 A JP2015507326 A JP 2015507326A
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 184
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009295 crossflow filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001275 scanning Auger electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
- G01N27/417—Systems using cells, i.e. more than one cell and probes with solid electrolytes
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- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
- C01B3/503—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion characterised by the membrane
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
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- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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Abstract
Description
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第1の燃料電池であって、第1の水素源から水素を受け取る第1の燃料入口を有するものと、
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第2の燃料電池であって、第2の水素源から水素を受け取る第2の燃料入口を有するものと、
各燃料電池へと電気的負荷を与え、各燃料電池の電気出力を測定する制御システムであって、前記第1及び第2の燃料電池の電気出力を比較するためのコンパレータを含む制御システムと、
前記コンパレータの出力に基づき水素純度について指標を与える純度監視出力と、を含む水素純度監視装置を提供する。
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第1の燃料電池へと第1の水素源から水素燃料を供給し、
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第2の燃料電池へと第2の水素源から水素燃料を供給し、
各燃料電池へと電気的負荷を与え、各燃料電池の電気出力を測定し、
前記第1及び第2の燃料電池の電気出力を比較し、
コンパレータの出力に基づき前記第1及び第2の水素源のうちの1つの水素純度について指標を与えることを含む。
(i)検査燃料電池の電気出力の即時改善は、汚染現象が、燃料電池触媒に直接影響は与えないが水素濃度に低下を生じる不純物による濃度汚染(希釈)に対応していたことを示す。
(ii)検査燃料電池の電気出力の経時的改善は、汚染現象が、例えばCOによる可逆的触媒汚染に対応していたことを示す。
(iii)検査燃料電池の電気出力が経時的に全く、あるいは、ほとんど改善しないことは、汚染現象が、例えば硫黄化合物による不可逆的触媒汚染に対応していたことを示す。
6 主スタック
20 コントローラ
27 基準水素
Claims (16)
- 水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第1の燃料電池であって、第1の水素源から水素を受け取る第1の燃料入口を有するものと、
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第2の燃料電池であって、第2の水素源から水素を受け取る第2の燃料入口を有するものと、
各燃料電池へと電気的負荷を与え、各燃料電池の電気出力を測定する制御システムであって、前記第1及び第2の燃料電池の電気出力を比較するためのコンパレータを含む制御システムと、
前記コンパレータの出力に基づき水素純度について指標を与える純度監視出力と、
を含む水素純度監視装置。 - 既知の純度の水素源からなる第1の水素源をさらに含む請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記既知の純度の水素源は、基準ガスを含む水素タンクである請求項2記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記第1の燃料入口と前記第2の燃料入口の間に接続されて前記第2の水素源から水素を受け取る水素浄化装置をさらに含み、前記第1の水素源としての前記浄化装置を介して、前記第2の水素源から前記第1の燃料入口へと水素を供給する請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記水素浄化装置は、触媒浄化装置を含む請求項4記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記第1の燃料入口と前記第2の燃料入口の間に接続された水素浄化装置をさらに含み、前記水素浄化装置は、供給入口と、透過液出口と、保持液出口とを有し、
前記透過液出口は、前記第1の水素源として働くように前記第1の燃料入口に接続され、
前記保持液出口は、前記第2の水素源として働くように前記第2の燃料入口に接続されている請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。 - 前記水素浄化装置は、パラジウム膜を含む請求項4又は請求項6記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記コンパレータは、一定時間にわたって前記第1及び第2の燃料電池のそれぞれについて電圧及び/又は電流の変化率を測定するものである請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記第2の水素源は、水蒸気改質装置である請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記第1の燃料電池は、スタック内に直列接続された複数の燃料電池を含む、及び/又は、前記第2の燃料電池は、スタック内に直列接続された複数の燃料電池を含む請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記第1の燃料電池及び前記第2の燃料電池は、単一のセルスタックの一部を成す請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記第1の燃料電池及び前記第2の燃料電池はそれぞれ、プロトン交換膜型である請求項1記載の水素純度監視装置。
- より大きな主セルスタックと一体化された請求項11記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 前記水素浄化装置の前記供給入口は、共通の水素源に接続されている請求項6記載の水素純度監視装置。
- 添付の図面を参照し実質的にここに述べられているような装置。
- 水素純度の監視方法であって、
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第1の燃料電池へと第1の水素源から水素燃料を供給し、
水素と酸化剤の電気化学反応から電流を生じる第2の燃料電池へと第2の水素源から水素燃料を供給し、
各燃料電池へと電気的負荷を与え、各燃料電池の電気出力を測定し、
前記第1及び第2の燃料電池の電気出力を比較し、
コンパレータの出力に基づき前記第1及び第2の水素源のうちの1つの水素純度について指標を与えることを含む、
方法。
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GB1122035.7 | 2011-12-21 | ||
GB1122035.7A GB2497787B (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2011-12-21 | Hydrogen quality monitor |
PCT/GB2012/053189 WO2013093461A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | Hydrogen quality monitor |
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JP2015507326A true JP2015507326A (ja) | 2015-03-05 |
JP2015507326A5 JP2015507326A5 (ja) | 2016-12-15 |
JP6139560B2 JP6139560B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
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US (1) | US9726635B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2795706B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6139560B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102024108B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104115320B (ja) |
AR (1) | AR089432A1 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2012356446B2 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112014015251A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2860121C (ja) |
DK (1) | DK2795706T3 (ja) |
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US11152629B2 (en) | 2018-09-03 | 2021-10-19 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell method for determining fuel gas quality following filling operation |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2014129811A (ru) | 2016-02-10 |
KR102024108B1 (ko) | 2019-09-23 |
TW201338258A (zh) | 2013-09-16 |
EP2795706A1 (en) | 2014-10-29 |
GB2497787B (en) | 2019-06-26 |
SG11201403461VA (en) | 2014-07-30 |
BR112014015251A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
DK2795706T3 (en) | 2017-02-06 |
JP6139560B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
EP2795706B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
US20150346140A1 (en) | 2015-12-03 |
CA2860121C (en) | 2020-04-07 |
GB201122035D0 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
GB2497787A (en) | 2013-06-26 |
MX2014007738A (es) | 2015-01-12 |
AU2012356446B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 |
AU2012356446A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
TWI581491B (zh) | 2017-05-01 |
AR089432A1 (es) | 2014-08-20 |
US9726635B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
WO2013093461A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
KR20140112037A (ko) | 2014-09-22 |
ZA201404979B (en) | 2022-03-30 |
CN104115320B (zh) | 2018-06-05 |
CA2860121A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
PH12014501433A1 (en) | 2014-09-22 |
CN104115320A (zh) | 2014-10-22 |
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