JP2015208635A - Optical device and endoscope having the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical device which can exhibit a variety of optical characteristics, while preventing the device from being large-sized.SOLUTION: An optical device 40 includes: a first optical characteristics changing member 60 axially provided to a first axis member 61, having a first optical member 64 and which can be displaced at first and second static positions, in which the first axis member is polarized and magnetized in a predetermined first magnetization direction; a second optical member 74 axially provided to a second axis member 71 having an axis coaxial with an axis of the first axis member with a predetermined angle with respect to the first optical characteristics changing member; a second optical characteristics changing member 70 which can be displaced at the first and second static positions, in which the second axis member is polarized and magnetized in a second magnetization direction opposite to the first magnetization direction; and an electromagnetic driving source 80 for displacing the first and second optical characteristics changing members to the mutually different first and second static positions by switching a magnetic pole of a magnetic field by an electromagnets 87, 88 which act on the first and second axis members.

Description

本発明は、撮像光学系などの光路に対して光学部材を挿脱させる光学装置および光学装置を備えた内視鏡に関する。   The present invention relates to an optical device that inserts and removes an optical member with respect to an optical path such as an imaging optical system, and an endoscope including the optical device.

従来、小型の撮像装置を挿入部の先端に内蔵した内視鏡（電子内視鏡）、小型の撮像装置を内蔵した携帯機器などが周知である。近年、これら電子内視鏡、携帯機器などの高性能化に伴い、この種の撮像装置を構成する光学系についても、フォーカス機能、可変絞り機能などを採用することへの要求が高まっている。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an endoscope (electronic endoscope) in which a small imaging device is built in the distal end of an insertion portion, a portable device in which a small imaging device is built in, and the like are well known. In recent years, with the improvement in performance of these electronic endoscopes, portable devices, etc., there is an increasing demand for adopting a focus function, a variable aperture function, and the like for an optical system constituting this type of imaging apparatus.

このような要求に対し、撮像装置の光学系の光路上にレンズや絞りなどの光学部材を挿脱させるための光学装置について各種提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、光調節手段を回動可能に支持する回転軸部材を着磁し、この回転軸部材を電磁駆動源から発生する磁力によって回転させることにより、絞り羽根を第１の開口（光路）に重なる第１の静止位置と、第１の開口から退避した第２の静止位置とに相互に移動させる光学装置である入射光調節装置が開示されている。   In response to such demands, various optical devices have been proposed for inserting and removing optical members such as lenses and stops on the optical path of the optical system of the imaging device. For example, in Patent Document 1, a rotary shaft member that rotatably supports a light adjusting unit is magnetized, and the rotary shaft member is rotated by a magnetic force generated from an electromagnetic drive source, whereby a diaphragm blade is a first member. An incident light adjusting device, which is an optical device that moves between a first stationary position that overlaps an opening (optical path) and a second stationary position that is retracted from the first opening, is disclosed.

特開２００９−８０４７０号公報JP 2009-80470 A

しかしながら、上述の特許文献１に開示された従来の入射光調節装置（光学装置）の構成は、可変絞り機能のために、駆動する光学部材である絞り羽根が１つのみである。   However, the configuration of the conventional incident light adjusting device (optical device) disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above has only one aperture blade, which is an optical member to be driven, for the variable aperture function.

即ち、従来の光学装置は、光路上にレンズ、絞り羽根などの光学部材を挿入した状態と光路から光学部材を退避させた状態の光学特性しか得ることができず、光学性能の変化に限界があり、更なる機能性の向上が求められていた。   That is, the conventional optical device can only obtain optical characteristics of a state in which an optical member such as a lens and a diaphragm blade is inserted on the optical path and a state in which the optical member is retracted from the optical path, and there is a limit to the change in optical performance. There was a need for further improvements in functionality.

また、撮像装置は、多様な光学特性を得るために、従来の光学装置を１つの光路上に複数設けると、撮影光の光路方向の長さが長くなり、特に、被検体への挿入性が要求される電子内視鏡では挿入部の硬質長が延びてしまい、また小型化が要求される携帯機器に適さないという問題があった。   In addition, in order to obtain various optical characteristics, the imaging apparatus is provided with a plurality of conventional optical apparatuses on one optical path, so that the length of the imaging light in the optical path direction becomes long. In the required electronic endoscope, there is a problem that the rigid length of the insertion portion is extended and it is not suitable for a portable device that is required to be downsized.

そこで、本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、バリエーションに富んだ光学特性を実現することができ、大型化を防止した光学装置および光学装置を備えた内視鏡を提供することを目的とする。   Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an optical device capable of realizing a variety of optical characteristics and preventing an increase in size, and an endoscope including the optical device. And

本発明の一態様による光学装置は、軸方向と直交する方向において２つの磁極に分極された永久磁石からなる第１の軸部材、前記第１の軸部材に軸着された第１の光学保持部材および前記第１の光学保持部材によって保持された第１の光学部材を有し、前記第１の軸部材が軸心回りに回動することにより前記第１の光学部材を光学系の光路に進入する第１の静止位置と前記光路から退避する第２の静止位置とに変位自在であり、前記第１の軸部材は、前記第１の静止位置において前記軸心と直交する所定の第１の着磁方向に２つの磁極が分極され着磁された第１の光学特性変更部材と、軸方向と直交する方向において２つの磁極に分極された永久磁石からなり、軸心が前記第１の軸部材の軸心と同一軸上となる第２の軸部材、前記第２の軸部材に軸着された第２の光学保持部材および前記第２の光学保持部材によって保持された第２の光学部材を有し、前記第２の軸部材が軸心回りに回動することにより前記第２の光学部材を前記光路に進入する前記第１の静止位置と前記光路から退避する前記第２の静止位置とに変位自在であり、前記第２の軸部材は、前記第１の静止位置において前記軸心と直交し前記第１の着磁方向と反対方向の第２の着磁方向に２つの磁極が分極され着磁された第２の光学特性変更部材と、前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材の磁極に働く磁場を発生自在な電磁石を有し、前記電磁石による前記磁場の磁極の切り替えによって、前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材を相反する方向に同時に回動させて、前記第１の光学特性変更部材および前記第２の光学特性変更部材をそれぞれ異なる前記第１の静止位置または前記第２の静止位置に変位させる電磁駆動源と、を具備する。   An optical device according to an aspect of the present invention includes a first shaft member made of a permanent magnet polarized in two magnetic poles in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and a first optical holding member pivotally attached to the first shaft member. A first optical member held by the member and the first optical holding member, and the first optical member is rotated around an axis so that the first optical member becomes an optical path of the optical system. The first shaft member is freely displaceable between a first stationary position that enters and a second stationary position that retreats from the optical path, and the first shaft member is a predetermined first orthogonal to the axis at the first stationary position. A first optical property changing member having two magnetic poles polarized and magnetized in the direction of magnetization of the magnet, and a permanent magnet polarized to two magnetic poles in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction. A second shaft member on the same axis as the shaft center of the shaft member, the second shaft portion A second optical holding member pivotally attached to the second optical member, and a second optical member held by the second optical holding member. The second optical member is freely displaceable between the first stationary position that enters the optical path and the second stationary position that retreats from the optical path, and the second shaft member is in the first stationary position. A second optical property changing member having two magnetic poles polarized and magnetized in a second magnetizing direction orthogonal to the axis and opposite to the first magnetizing direction; the first shaft member; An electromagnet capable of generating a magnetic field acting on the magnetic pole of the second shaft member; and switching the magnetic pole of the magnetic field by the electromagnet simultaneously in the opposite directions of the first shaft member and the second shaft member The first optical property changing member and the first optical property changing member An electromagnetic driving source for displacing the optical characteristic change members in different the first rest position or said second stationary position, comprising a.

本発明の一態様による内視鏡は、軸方向と直交する方向において２つの磁極に分極された永久磁石からなる第１の軸部材、前記第１の軸部材に軸着された第１の光学保持部材および前記第１の光学保持部材によって保持された第１の光学部材を有し、前記第１の軸部材が軸心回りに回動することにより前記第１の光学部材を光学系の光路に進入する第１の静止位置と前記光路から退避する第２の静止位置とに変位自在であり、前記第１の軸部材は、前記第１の静止位置において前記軸心と直交する所定の第１の着磁方向に２つの磁極が分極され着磁された第１の光学特性変更部材と、軸方向と直交する方向において２つの磁極に分極された永久磁石からなり、軸心が前記第１の軸部材の軸心と同一軸上となる第２の軸部材、前記第２の軸部材に軸着された第２の光学保持部材および前記第２の光学保持部材によって保持された第２の光学部材を有し、前記第２の軸部材が軸心回りに回動することにより前記第２の光学部材を前記光路に進入する前記第１の静止位置と前記光路から退避する前記第２の静止位置とに変位自在であり、前記第２の軸部材は、前記第１の静止位置において前記軸心と直交し前記第１の着磁方向と反対方向の第２の着磁方向に２つの磁極が分極され着磁された第２の光学特性変更部材と、前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材の磁極に働く磁場を発生自在な電磁石を有し、前記電磁石による前記磁場の磁極の切り替えによって、前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材を相反する方向に同時に回動させて、前記第１の光学特性変更部材および前記第２の光学特性変更部材をそれぞれ異なる前記第１の静止位置または前記第２の静止位置に変位させる電磁駆動源と、を備えた光学装置を挿入部の先端部に具備する。   An endoscope according to an aspect of the present invention includes a first shaft member made of a permanent magnet polarized into two magnetic poles in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and a first optical member that is pivotally attached to the first shaft member. A first optical member held by the holding member and the first optical holding member, and the first optical member rotating around an axis thereof to move the first optical member to the optical path of the optical system; The first shaft member is displaceable to a first stationary position that enters the optical path and a second stationary position that retreats from the optical path, and the first shaft member has a predetermined first position orthogonal to the axis at the first stationary position. A first optical property changing member having two magnetic poles polarized and magnetized in one magnetization direction, and a permanent magnet polarized into two magnetic poles in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction, the axis of which is the first A second shaft member that is on the same axis as the shaft center of the shaft member, the second shaft member A second optical holding member that is attached to the shaft and a second optical member that is held by the second optical holding member are provided, and the second shaft member rotates around the axis to cause the second optical member. The optical member is displaceable between the first stationary position where the optical member enters the optical path and the second stationary position where the optical member retracts from the optical path, and the second shaft member is disposed at the first stationary position. A second optical property changing member having two magnetic poles polarized and magnetized in a second magnetization direction perpendicular to the axis and opposite to the first magnetization direction; the first shaft member; An electromagnet capable of generating a magnetic field acting on the magnetic pole of the second shaft member; and by switching the magnetic pole of the magnetic field by the electromagnet, the first shaft member and the second shaft member are simultaneously rotated in opposite directions. The first optical property changing member and the second optical property changing member Comprising an electromagnetic driving source for displacing the optical characteristic change members in different the first rest position or the second rest position, the optical device provided to the distal end of the insertion portion.

本発明によれば、バリエーションに富んだ光学特性を実現することができ、大型化を防止した光学装置および光学装置を備えた内視鏡を実現することができる。   According to the present invention, a variety of optical characteristics can be realized, and an optical device and an endoscope including the optical device can be realized in which an increase in size is prevented.

本発明の一態様の内視鏡の全体構成を示す図The figure which shows the whole structure of the endoscope of 1 aspect of this invention. 同、図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ線に沿った挿入部の先端部分の構成を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the front-end | tip part of the insertion part along the II-II line of FIG. 同、光学装置としての光学ユニットの構成を示す分解斜視図The exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the optical unit as the optical device 同、光学装置としての光学ユニットの構成を示す斜視図The perspective view which shows the structure of the optical unit as an optical apparatus similarly 同、光学ユニットの構成を示す側面図Side view showing the configuration of the optical unit 同、図５のＶＩ−ＶＩ線に沿った光学ユニットの構成を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the optical unit along the VI-VI line of FIG. 同、図５のＶＩＩ−ＶＩＩ線に沿った光学ユニットの構成を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows the structure of the optical unit along the VII-VII line of FIG. 同、図５の矢視ＶＩＩＩ方向の光学ユニットの構成を示す平面図FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the configuration of the optical unit in the direction of arrow VIII in FIG. 同、撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上に第１の光学部材を挿入した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図The top view which shows the relationship between the state which inserted the 1st optical member on the optical path of the imaging optical axis in an imaging optical system, and an electromagnetic drive source similarly 同、撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上から第２の光学部材を退避した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図The top view which shows the relationship between the state which retracted the 2nd optical member from the optical path of the imaging optical axis in an imaging optical system, and an electromagnetic drive source similarly 同、撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上から第１の光学部材を退避した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図The top view which shows the relationship between the state which retracted the 1st optical member from the optical path of the imaging optical axis in an imaging optical system, and an electromagnetic drive source similarly 同、撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上に第２の光学部材を挿入した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図The top view which shows the relationship between the state which inserted the 2nd optical member on the optical path of the imaging optical axis in an imaging optical system, and an electromagnetic drive source similarly

以下に、本発明について図面を参照して説明する。なお、以下の説明に用いる各図においては、各構成要素を図面上で認識可能な程度の大きさとするため、構成要素毎に縮尺を異ならせてあるものであり、本発明は、これらの図に記載された構成要素の数量、構成要素の形状、構成要素の大きさの比率、および各構成要素の相対的な位置関係のみに限定されるものではない。   The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings used for the following description, the scale of each component is made different in order to make each component recognizable on the drawing. It is not limited only to the quantity of the component described in (1), the shape of the component, the ratio of the size of the component, and the relative positional relationship of each component.

図１から図１２は本発明の一態様に係わり、図１は内視鏡の全体構成を示す図、図２は図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ線に沿った挿入部の先端部分の構成を示す断面図、図３は光学装置としての光学ユニットの構成を示す分解斜視図、図４は光学装置としての光学ユニットの構成を示す斜視図、図５は光学ユニットの構成を示す側面図、図６は図５のＶＩ−ＶＩ線に沿った光学ユニットの構成を示す断面図、図７は図５のＶＩＩ−ＶＩＩ線に沿った光学ユニットの構成を示す断面図、図８は図５の矢視ＶＩＩＩ方向の光学ユニットの構成を示す平面図、図９は撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上に第１の光学部材を挿入した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図、図１０は撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上から第２の光学部材を退避した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図、図１１は撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上から第１の光学部材を退避した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図、図１２は撮像光学系における撮影光軸の光路上に第２の光学部材を挿入した状態と電磁駆動源との関係を示す平面図である。   1 to 12 relate to one aspect of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the endoscope, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the distal end portion of the insertion section along the line II-II in FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of the optical unit as the optical device, FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the optical unit as the optical device, FIG. 5 is a side view showing the configuration of the optical unit, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the optical unit along line VI-VI in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the optical unit along line VII-VII in FIG. 5, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a plan view showing the relationship between the state in which the first optical member is inserted on the optical path of the imaging optical axis in the imaging optical system and the electromagnetic drive source, and FIG. The state in which the second optical member is retracted from the optical path of the photographic optical axis in the optical system and the electric FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the relationship between the electromagnetic drive source and the state where the first optical member is retracted from the optical path of the imaging optical axis in the imaging optical system, and FIG. It is a top view which shows the relationship between the state which inserted the 2nd optical member on the optical path of the imaging | photography optical axis in a system | strain, and an electromagnetic drive source.

図１に示すように、内視鏡１は、被検体内に挿入される挿入部２と、この挿入部２の基端側に連設された操作部３と、この操作部３から延出されたユニバーサルコード８と、このユニバーサルコード８の延出端に設けられたコネクタ９と、を具備して構成されている。なお、内視鏡１は、コネクタ９を介して、制御装置、照明装置などの図示しない外部装置と電気的に接続される。   As shown in FIG. 1, an endoscope 1 includes an insertion portion 2 that is inserted into a subject, an operation portion 3 that is connected to the proximal end side of the insertion portion 2, and extends from the operation portion 3. The universal cord 8 and the connector 9 provided at the extended end of the universal cord 8 are provided. The endoscope 1 is electrically connected to an external device (not shown) such as a control device or a lighting device via a connector 9.

操作部３には、挿入部２の湾曲部１２を上下方向に湾曲させる上下用湾曲操作ノブ４と、湾曲部１２を左右方向に湾曲させる左右用湾曲操作ノブ５とが設けられている。   The operation section 3 is provided with an up / down bending operation knob 4 for bending the bending section 12 of the insertion section 2 in the up / down direction and a left / right bending operation knob 5 for bending the bending section 12 in the left / right direction.

さらに、操作部３には、上下用湾曲操作ノブ４の回動位置を固定する固定レバー６と、左右用湾曲操作ノブ５の回動位置を固定する固定ノブ７とが設けられている。   Further, the operation unit 3 is provided with a fixed lever 6 that fixes the turning position of the up / down bending operation knob 4 and a fixing knob 7 that fixes the turning position of the left / right bending operation knob 5.

挿入部２は、先端側から順に、先端部１１、湾曲部１２および可撓管部１３が連接されており、被検体に挿入しやすいように細長に形成されている。   The insertion portion 2 has a distal end portion 11, a bending portion 12, and a flexible tube portion 13 connected in order from the distal end side, and is formed in an elongated shape so that it can be easily inserted into a subject.

湾曲部１２は、上下用湾曲操作ノブ４および左右用湾曲操作ノブ５の回動操作により、例えば上下左右の４方向に湾曲されることにより、先端部１１内に設けられた後述する撮像ユニット１０の観察方向を可変したり、被検体内における先端部１１の挿入性を向上させたりするものである。   The bending portion 12 is bent in four directions, for example, up, down, left, and right by the turning operation of the up / down bending operation knob 4 and the left / right bending operation knob 5, thereby providing an imaging unit 10 described later provided in the distal end portion 11. The observation direction can be changed, and the insertability of the tip 11 in the subject can be improved.

挿入部２の先端部１１内には、図２に示すように、先端硬質部材２０が設けられており、この先端硬質部材２０に、被検体内を撮像する撮像ユニット３０が固定されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, a distal end hard member 20 is provided in the distal end portion 11 of the insertion portion 2, and an imaging unit 30 that images the inside of the subject is fixed to the distal end hard member 20.

なお、先端硬質部材２０には、撮像ユニット３０の他、図１に示したコネクタ９、ユニバーサルコード８、操作部３および挿入部２内のそれぞれ挿通された、被検体内に照明光を供給する図示しないライトガイドの先端部分、被検体内に対し処置具を挿抜するための処置具挿通チャンネル２１の先端部分などが周知の固定手段によって固定されている。   In addition to the imaging unit 30, the distal end rigid member 20 is supplied with illumination light into the subject inserted through the connector 9, the universal cord 8, the operation unit 3 and the insertion unit 2 shown in FIG. A distal end portion of the light guide (not shown), a distal end portion of the treatment instrument insertion channel 21 for inserting / removing the treatment instrument into / from the subject, and the like are fixed by known fixing means.

また、先端硬質部材２０には、撮像ユニット３０における先端部１１の先端面に露出された撮像ユニット３０の最先端に設けられる観察窓としての対物レンズ３２に流体を供給する図示しない流体供給管路の先端部分、この先端部分に固定された図示しない供給ノズルなどが周知の固定手段によって固定されている。   In addition, a fluid supply line (not shown) that supplies fluid to the distal end rigid member 20 to an objective lens 32 as an observation window provided at the forefront of the imaging unit 30 exposed at the distal end surface of the distal end portion 11 of the imaging unit 30. And a supply nozzle (not shown) fixed to the tip portion are fixed by known fixing means.

なお、先端硬質部材２０は、最先端にある湾曲駒２２が外嵌されており、回動自在に連設された複数の湾曲駒から先端硬質部材２０の外周部を覆うように湾曲ゴム２３が配設されている。また、先端硬質部材２０は、先端面を覆うように先端カバー２４が配設されている。   Note that the distal end hard member 20 is fitted with a bending piece 22 at the forefront, and a curved rubber 23 is provided so as to cover the outer peripheral portion of the distal end hard member 20 from a plurality of bending pieces connected in a freely rotatable manner. It is arranged. Further, the distal end hard member 20 is provided with a distal end cover 24 so as to cover the distal end surface.

撮像ユニット３０は、先端側にレンズ枠３１を有し、このレンズ枠３１内には、撮像光学系（光学系）を構成する光学部材として、上述した観察窓となる対物レンズ３２と、この対物レンズ３２の背面に設けられた絞り３３が後述する撮像ユニット３０の対物光学系における撮影光軸Ｏ方向に沿って保持されている。   The imaging unit 30 has a lens frame 31 on the distal end side. In the lens frame 31, an objective lens 32 serving as the above-described observation window as an optical member constituting the imaging optical system (optical system), and the objective lens. A diaphragm 33 provided on the back surface of the lens 32 is held along the photographing optical axis O direction in an objective optical system of the imaging unit 30 described later.

また、レンズ枠３１内において、対物レンズ３２および絞り３３が形成する撮影光軸Ｏを有する光路に対し、光学特性を変更させる光学ユニット４０が配設されている。   In the lens frame 31, an optical unit 40 that changes the optical characteristics with respect to the optical path having the photographing optical axis O formed by the objective lens 32 and the diaphragm 33 is disposed.

レンズ枠３１の基端側には、撮像枠３４が外嵌されている。この撮像枠３４内には、固体撮像素子などからなるイメージセンサ３５がカバーガラス３６を介して保持されている。   An imaging frame 34 is fitted on the base end side of the lens frame 31. In the imaging frame 34, an image sensor 35 made of a solid-state imaging device or the like is held via a cover glass 36.

カバーガラス３６は、撮像枠３４に保持された光学ガラス３７に位置調整されて光学接着剤などによって固着されている。また、撮像枠３４内において、イメージセンサ３５の基端側には、複数の電子部品が搭載された電気基板３８が配設されている。   The position of the cover glass 36 is adjusted to the optical glass 37 held by the imaging frame 34 and fixed by an optical adhesive or the like. In the imaging frame 34, an electric board 38 on which a plurality of electronic components are mounted is disposed on the base end side of the image sensor 35.

この電気基板３８には、イメージセンサ３５に対する各種駆動信号の供給、イメージセンサ３５で取得した画像信号の伝送などを行うための信号ケーブル３９が接続されている。   A signal cable 39 for supplying various driving signals to the image sensor 35 and transmitting an image signal acquired by the image sensor 35 is connected to the electric board 38.

なお、撮像枠３４の中途から信号ケーブル３９の先端部分には、それぞれの外周部を覆うように熱収縮チューブ２５が設けられている。この熱収縮チューブ２５に覆われた部分には、水密保持のため接着剤などの充填剤が配設されている。   In addition, the heat contraction tube 25 is provided in the front-end | tip part of the signal cable 39 from the middle of the imaging frame 34 so that each outer peripheral part may be covered. In the portion covered with the heat shrinkable tube 25, a filler such as an adhesive is disposed to maintain watertightness.

信号ケーブル３９からは、駆動用ケーブル３９ａが分岐されており、この駆動用ケーブル３９ａは、撮像枠３４の外側面に沿って配設されたＦＰＣ４１を介して、光学ユニット４０と電気的に接続されている。   A drive cable 39a is branched from the signal cable 39. The drive cable 39a is electrically connected to the optical unit 40 via the FPC 41 disposed along the outer surface of the imaging frame 34. ing.

これにより、光学ユニット４０には、例えば、術者などによって内視鏡１に設けられたスイッチ類の操作入力に応じて、光源装置内などに配設された電源制御部から駆動電流が供給される。   Thereby, for example, a driving current is supplied to the optical unit 40 from a power supply control unit provided in the light source device or the like in response to an operation input of switches provided in the endoscope 1 by an operator or the like. The

ここで、本実施の形態の光学装置である光学ユニット４０について、以下に詳しく説明する。
光学ユニット４０は、図３に示すように、軸保持部材としてのハウジング５０と、このハウジング５０に回動保持される２つの第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０と、これら第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０を回動動作させる電磁駆動源８０と、を有して構成されている。 Here, the optical unit 40 which is the optical device of the present embodiment will be described in detail below.
As shown in FIG. 3, the optical unit 40 includes a housing 50 as a shaft holding member, two first and second optical characteristic changing members 60 and 70 that are rotatably held by the housing 50, and the first And an electromagnetic drive source 80 for rotating the second optical property changing members 60 and 70.

ハウジング５０は、図４および図５に示すように、対向するように配設された第１の基板５１、第２の基板５２および第３の基板５３を有している。これら第１〜第３の基板５１〜５３は、円形部５１ａ〜５３ａと矩形部５１ｂ〜５３ｂとが一体となった外観形状をなす平板状の部材によって構成されている。   As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the housing 50 includes a first substrate 51, a second substrate 52, and a third substrate 53 disposed so as to face each other. Each of the first to third substrates 51 to 53 is configured by a flat plate member having an external shape in which the circular portions 51a to 53a and the rectangular portions 51b to 53b are integrated.

第１〜第３の基板５１〜５３には、図３に示したように、円形部５１ａ〜５３ａの中央に、撮像光学系の光路に対応して開口する開口部５１ｃ〜５３ｃが設けられている。   As shown in FIG. 3, the first to third substrates 51 to 53 are provided with openings 51 c to 53 c that open at the centers of the circular portions 51 a to 53 a corresponding to the optical path of the imaging optical system. Yes.

また、第１〜第３の基板５１〜５３には、円形部５１ａ〜５３ａの開口部５１ｃ〜５３ｃから矩形部５１ｂ〜５３ｂ寄りにオフセットした位置に、第１〜第３の軸受孔５１ｄ〜５３ｄが設けられている。   The first to third substrate holes 51 to 53 have first to third bearing holes 51d to 53d at positions offset from the openings 51c to 53c of the circular portions 51a to 53a toward the rectangular portions 51b to 53b. Is provided.

さらに、第１，第３の基板５１，５３には、円形部５１ａ，５３ａ上の矩形部５１ｂ，５３ｂに対して反対側にオフセットした位置に略Ｌ字状をなす第１の凸部５４ａ，５５ａが立設されると共に、矩形部５１ｂ，５３ｂ上の円形部５１ａ，５３ａに対して反対側にオフセットした位置に略Ｉ字状をなす第２の凸部５４ｂ，５５ｂが立設されている。   Further, the first and second substrates 51 and 53 have first convex portions 54a, which are substantially L-shaped at positions offset to the opposite sides with respect to the rectangular portions 51b and 53b on the circular portions 51a and 53a. 55a is erected, and second convex portions 54b and 55b that are substantially I-shaped are erected at positions offset to the opposite sides with respect to the circular portions 51a and 53a on the rectangular portions 51b and 53b. .

また、第２の基板５２には、円形部５２ａ上の矩形部５２ｂとは反対側にオフセットした位置に円形部５２ａの縁辺部に沿った円弧状の第１のスペーサ５６ａが立設されるとともに、矩形部５２ｂ上の円形部５２ａとは反対側にオフセットした位置に略Ｉ字状をなす第２のスペーサ５６ｂが立設されている。   The second substrate 52 is provided with an arc-shaped first spacer 56a erected along the edge of the circular portion 52a at a position offset on the opposite side to the rectangular portion 52b on the circular portion 52a. A second spacer 56b having a substantially I shape is erected at a position offset on the opposite side to the circular portion 52a on the rectangular portion 52b.

そして、第１の基板５１の第１、第２の凸部５４ａ，５４ｂを介して第１、第２の基板５１，５２が連結され、第２の基板５２の第１、第２のスペーサ５６ａ，５６ｂを介して第２，第３の基板５２，５３が連結されることにより、２層で中空となるように積層されたハウジング５０が構成されている。即ち、第１の基板５１の第１、第２の凸部５４ａ，５４ｂは、第２の基板５２に対するスペーサを構成している。   The first and second substrates 51 and 52 are connected via the first and second convex portions 54a and 54b of the first substrate 51, and the first and second spacers 56a of the second substrate 52 are connected. , 56b, the second and third substrates 52, 53 are connected to each other to form a housing 50 laminated in two layers so as to be hollow. That is, the first and second protrusions 54 a and 54 b of the first substrate 51 constitute a spacer for the second substrate 52.

なお、第１〜第３の基板５１〜５３が積層された連結状態において、開口部５１ｃ〜５３ｃは、それぞれが重畳するように１つの軸上に孔軸が一致するように形成されている。同様に、第１〜第３の基板５１〜５３が積層された連結状態において、第１〜第３の軸受孔５１ｄ〜５３ｄは、それぞれが重畳するように１つの軸上に孔軸が一致するように形成されている。   In the connected state in which the first to third substrates 51 to 53 are stacked, the openings 51c to 53c are formed so that the hole axes coincide with each other so as to overlap each other. Similarly, in the connected state in which the first to third substrates 51 to 53 are stacked, the first to third bearing holes 51d to 53d have the same hole axis on one axis so as to overlap each other. It is formed as follows.

第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１と、光学保持部材としての第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２と、ここではレンズ、光学フィルタなどの第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４を保持する円環状の第１、第２の光学保持枠６３，７３と、を有して構成されている。なお、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４は、ここではレンズ、光学フィルタなどとして説明するが絞り羽根などであってもよい。   The first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 include first and second shaft members 61 and 71, first and second spring members 62 and 72 as optical holding members, and lenses, The first and second optical holding frames 63 and 73 are configured to hold first and second optical members 64 and 74 such as optical filters. The first and second optical members 64 and 74 are described here as lenses and optical filters, but may be diaphragm blades or the like.

第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１は、第１の磁極としてのＳ極と、第２の磁極としてのＮ極と、が軸対称に着磁された略円柱形状をなす永久磁石によって構成されている。即ち、第１、第２の軸部材６１は、光軸方向に平行な軸方向と直交する方向において、２つの磁極であるＳ極とＮ極に分極されている。   The first and second shaft members 61 and 71 are composed of permanent magnets having a substantially cylindrical shape in which an S pole as a first magnetic pole and an N pole as a second magnetic pole are magnetized in an axisymmetric manner. Has been. That is, the first and second shaft members 61 are polarized into two magnetic poles, the S pole and the N pole, in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction parallel to the optical axis direction.

そして、これら第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１は、ハウジング５０の第１〜第３の基板５１〜５３の第１〜第３の軸受孔５１ｄ〜５３ｄに対し、同一の軸心回りに回動可能な状態にて挿通されている。   The first and second shaft members 61 and 71 are arranged around the same axis with respect to the first to third bearing holes 51d to 53d of the first to third substrates 51 to 53 of the housing 50. It is inserted in a rotatable state.

即ち、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１は、第１〜第３の軸受孔５１ｄ〜５３ｄが１つの軸上に孔軸を有しているため、１つの軸上に軸心が配置され、互いの軸心が同一軸上に配置されている。   That is, since the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 have the hole shafts on one shaft, the first and third bearing holes 51d to 53d have a shaft center disposed on one shaft. The axes of each other are arranged on the same axis.

なお、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１は、ハウジング５０に配設された状態において、第１〜第３の軸受孔５１ｄ〜５３ｄからの脱落を防止するための図示しないストッパが設けられている。   The first and second shaft members 61 and 71 are provided with stoppers (not shown) for preventing the first and third shaft members 61 and 71 from falling off the first to third bearing holes 51d to 53d in a state where they are disposed in the housing 50. ing.

第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２は、一端側が接着などによって第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１に軸着されたアーム部６２ａ，７２ａと、アーム部６２ａ，７２ａの他端側に第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４を保持する第１、第２の光学保持枠６３，７３が固着される光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂと、が一体形成された平板状の部材によって構成されている。   The first and second spring members 62 and 72 have arm portions 62a and 72a that are pivotally attached to the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 by bonding or the like, and the other end sides of the arm portions 62a and 72a. The first and second optical holding frames 63 and 73 for holding the first and second optical members 64 and 74 and the optical holding portions 62b and 72b to which the first and second optical holding frames 63 and 73 are fixed are formed by a flat plate member integrally formed. Has been.

以上のように構成された、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の中心軸心回りに回動自在にハウジング５０に配設されている。   The first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 configured as described above are disposed in the housing 50 so as to be rotatable around the center axis of the first and second shaft members 61 and 71. ing.

なお、第１の光学特性変更部材６０の第１のハネ部材６２が第１、第２の基板５１，５２の間に形成された空間内における第１の基板５１上に配設され、第２の光学特性変更部材７０の第２のハネ部材７２が第３の基板５３上に配設される。   The first spring member 62 of the first optical property changing member 60 is disposed on the first substrate 51 in the space formed between the first and second substrates 51 and 52, and the second The second spring member 72 of the optical property changing member 70 is disposed on the third substrate 53.

このとき、第１の光学特性変更部材６０および第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、図６および図８に示すように、それぞれの第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４が撮像光学系の撮影光軸Ｏの光路上となる挿入位置としての第１の静止位置または撮像光学系の撮影光軸Ｏの光路から外れた退避位置としての第２の静止位置の相互に異なる位置となるようにそれぞれの配置が設定されている。   At this time, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8, the first optical property changing member 60 and the second optical property changing member 70 are configured so that each of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 is an imaging optical system. The first stationary position as an insertion position on the optical path of the photographic optical axis O or the second stationary position as a retracted position deviating from the optical path of the photographic optical axis O of the imaging optical system are different from each other. Each arrangement is set.

即ち、第１の光学特性変更部材６０の第１の光学部材６４が撮像光学系による撮影光軸Ｏの光路上となる第１の静止位置にあるとき、第２の光学特性変更部材７０の第２の光学部材７４が撮像光学系の撮影光軸Ｏの光路から外れた第２の静止位置となる。   That is, when the first optical member 64 of the first optical characteristic changing member 60 is in the first stationary position on the optical path of the imaging optical axis O by the imaging optical system, the second optical characteristic changing member 70 has the second optical characteristic changing member 70. The second optical member 74 becomes the second stationary position that is out of the optical path of the imaging optical axis O of the imaging optical system.

一方、第１の光学特性変更部材６０の第１の光学部材６４が撮像光学系による撮影光軸Ｏの光路から外れた第２の静止位置にあるとき、第２の光学特性変更部材７０の第２の光学部材７４が撮像光学系の撮影光軸Ｏの光路上となる第１の静止位置となる。   On the other hand, when the first optical member 64 of the first optical property changing member 60 is at the second stationary position that is out of the optical path of the photographing optical axis O by the imaging optical system, the second optical property changing member 70 The second optical member 74 is the first stationary position on the optical path of the imaging optical axis O of the imaging optical system.

なお、図９および図１２に示すように、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２に対して、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の第１の磁極としてのＳ極と、第２の磁極としてのＮ極と、が軸心回りに所定の角度、ここでは略４５度ずらされて軸着されている。   As shown in FIGS. 9 and 12, the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are the first and second shaft members with respect to the first and second spring members 62 and 72. The S poles 61 and 71 as the first magnetic poles and the N pole as the second magnetic poles are pivotally attached at a predetermined angle around the axis, here approximately 45 degrees.

さらに、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２を基準とした、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の各々の軸心と直交する着磁方向が、互いに反対方向とるようにＳ極およびＮ極の２つの磁極が分極されている。   Further, the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are respectively centered on the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 with respect to the first and second honeycomb members 62 and 72. The two magnetic poles, S pole and N pole, are polarized so that the perpendicular magnetization directions are opposite to each other.

電磁駆動源８０は、図３または図７に示すように、例えば、第２の基板５２上に固設されるベース部材８２と、このベース部材８２の各端部にそれぞれ連設する第１、第２のコアアーム８３，８４と、が一体の磁性体によって形成されたヨーク８１を有する。   As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 7, the electromagnetic drive source 80 includes, for example, a base member 82 fixed on the second substrate 52, and first, The second core arms 83 and 84 have a yoke 81 formed of an integral magnetic body.

本実施形態において、電磁駆動源８０は、第２，第３の基板５２，５３の間に形成された空間内に配設され、ヨーク８１のベース部材８２が第２の基板５２上おいて、開口部５２ｃを挟んで第２の軸受孔５２ｄ側と反対の位置に固設されている。   In the present embodiment, the electromagnetic drive source 80 is disposed in a space formed between the second and third substrates 52 and 53, and the base member 82 of the yoke 81 is placed on the second substrate 52. The opening 52c is fixed at a position opposite to the second bearing hole 52d side.

ベース部材８２の各端部には、他の部位よりも細形に形成された第１、第２の連結部８２ａ，８２ｂが設けられ、これら第１、第２の連結部８２ａ，８２ｂには、第１、第２のコアアーム８３，８４の基端側がそれぞれ連結されている。   Each end portion of the base member 82 is provided with first and second connecting portions 82a and 82b which are formed to be narrower than other portions, and the first and second connecting portions 82a and 82b include The base end sides of the first and second core arms 83 and 84 are connected to each other.

第１、第２のコアアーム８３，８４は、第２の基板５２上に沿って、ベース部材８２から第２の軸受孔５２ｄ側に延設されている。これら第１、第２のコアアーム８３，８４の外周部には、一連の巻線が順次巻回されることにより、第１、第２の電磁コイル８５，８６が形成されている。   The first and second core arms 83 and 84 extend from the base member 82 toward the second bearing hole 52 d along the second substrate 52. A first and second electromagnetic coils 85 and 86 are formed on the outer peripheral portions of the first and second core arms 83 and 84 by sequentially winding a series of windings.

そして、これら第１、第２のコアアーム８３，８４と第１、第２の電磁コイル８５，８６とにより、第１、第２の電磁石８７，８８が構成されている。また、第１、第２の電磁石８７，８８の先端側には、第１、第２のコアアーム８３，８４の先端部が第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａとして突出されている。   The first and second electromagnets 87 and 88 are constituted by the first and second core arms 83 and 84 and the first and second electromagnetic coils 85 and 86. In addition, on the distal end side of the first and second electromagnets 87 and 88, distal end portions of the first and second core arms 83 and 84 protrude as first and second core heads 83a and 84a.

これら第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａは、第２の基板５２の第２の軸受孔５２ｄから上方に突出する第１の軸部材６１および第３の基板５３の第３の軸受孔５３ｄから下方に突出する第２の軸部材７１の側部（外周部）に臨まされている。   The first and second core heads 83 a and 84 a are projected from the first shaft member 61 protruding upward from the second bearing hole 52 d of the second substrate 52 and the third bearing hole 53 d of the third substrate 53. It faces the side part (outer peripheral part) of the second shaft member 71 protruding downward.

また、第１、第２の電磁コイル８５，８６は、互いに異なる方向の磁場を発生するよう、その巻回方向が設定されており、本実施形態においては電磁コイル８５,８６が同一方向（例えば右巻き）に巻かれている。
例えば、電磁駆動源８０に対して所定の正電流が供給されたとき、第１の電磁コイル８５が第１のコアヘッド８３ａ側を第１の磁極であるＳ極に帯磁させる磁場を発生させ、第２の電磁コイル８６が第２のコアヘッド８４ａ側を第２の磁極であるＮ極に帯磁させる磁場を発生させる。 Further, the winding directions of the first and second electromagnetic coils 85 and 86 are set so as to generate magnetic fields in different directions. In the present embodiment, the electromagnetic coils 85 and 86 are arranged in the same direction (for example, Right-handed).
For example, when a predetermined positive current is supplied to the electromagnetic drive source 80, the first electromagnetic coil 85 generates a magnetic field that magnetizes the first core head 83a side to the S pole, which is the first magnetic pole, The second electromagnetic coil 86 generates a magnetic field that magnetizes the second core head 84a side to the N pole as the second magnetic pole.

一方、例えば、電磁駆動源８０に対して所定の負電流が供給されたとき、第１の電磁コイル８５が第１のコアヘッド８３ａ側を第２の磁極であるＮ極に帯磁させる磁場を発生させ、第２の電磁コイル８６が第２のコアヘッド８４ａ側を第１の磁極であるＳ極に帯磁させる磁場を発生させる。   On the other hand, for example, when a predetermined negative current is supplied to the electromagnetic drive source 80, the first electromagnetic coil 85 generates a magnetic field that magnetizes the first core head 83a side to the N pole that is the second magnetic pole. The second electromagnetic coil 86 generates a magnetic field that magnetizes the second core head 84a side to the S pole that is the first magnetic pole.

このように、電磁駆動源８０は、第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａ側を第１の磁極であるＳ極または第２の磁極であるＮ極に切り替えて帯磁させることで、その磁場の切り替えによって、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０の第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１へ磁気作用する磁力変化で第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０を回動させる構成となっている。   As described above, the electromagnetic drive source 80 switches the first and second core heads 83a and 84a side to the S pole as the first magnetic pole or the N pole as the second magnetic pole, thereby magnetizing the magnetic field. By switching, the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are rotated by a magnetic force change that acts on the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 of the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70. It is configured to move.

なお、第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａは、互いに異なる方向の磁場を発生し、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０の第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の軸心と直交する方向において、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１を挟むようにそれぞれが対向配設される。言い換えれば、第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａは、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の軸心と直交する方向に、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１を挟むように磁場を発生し、電磁駆動源８０へ供給する電流の正負の切り替えにより、磁場方向を逆方向に切り替える。   The first and second core heads 83a and 84a generate magnetic fields in different directions, and the shafts of the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 of the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are generated. In the direction orthogonal to the center, the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 are arranged to face each other so as to sandwich the first and second shaft members 61 and 71. In other words, the first and second core heads 83a and 84a sandwich the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the first and second shaft members 61 and 71. The magnetic field direction is switched to the reverse direction by switching between positive and negative of the current that is generated and supplied to the electromagnetic drive source 80.

ここで、以上のように構成された本実施形態の光学ユニット４０において、ハウジング５０を構成する第１、第２の凸部５４ａ，５５ａ，５４ｂ，５５ｂは、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０の第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２の回動を規制するストッパとしての機能を有している。   Here, in the optical unit 40 of the present embodiment configured as described above, the first and second convex portions 54a, 55a, 54b, and 55b constituting the housing 50 are the first and second optical characteristic changes. It has a function as a stopper for restricting the rotation of the first and second spring members 62 and 72 of the members 60 and 70.

即ち、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１の静止位置側に回動したときに、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２の光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂが第１の凸部５４ａ，５５ａに当接することで、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４が所定の位置で静止するように第１の静止位置にて停止する。   That is, when the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are rotated to the first stationary position side, the optical holding portions 62b and 72b of the first and second spring members 62 and 72 are the first ones. The first and second optical members 64 and 74 are stopped at the first stationary position so that the first and second optical members 64 and 74 are stationary at predetermined positions by contacting the first convex portions 54a and 55a.

これにより、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２は、光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂが第１の凸部５４ａ，５５ａに当接されて第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１周りの一方向への回動が規制されることにより、光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂを各円形部５１ａ〜５３ａの開口部５１ｃ〜５３ｃと同軸上に重畳させる位置に位置決めされる。   As a result, the first and second spring members 62 and 72 are arranged around the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 with the optical holding portions 62b and 72b being in contact with the first convex portions 54a and 55a. By restricting the rotation in the direction, the optical holding portions 62b and 72b are positioned at positions where they are coaxially overlapped with the openings 51c to 53c of the circular portions 51a to 53a.

即ち、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２は、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４を撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に挿入する挿入位置としての第１の静止位置に位置決めされる（例えば、図９および図１２参照）。   That is, the first and second spring members 62 and 72 are positioned at a first stationary position as an insertion position for inserting the first and second optical members 64 and 74 on the optical path of the photographing optical axis O. (See, for example, FIGS. 9 and 12).

一方、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第２の静止位置側に回動したときに、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２の光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂが第２の凸部５４ｂ，５５ｂに当接することで、退避位置となる第２の静止位置にて停止する。   On the other hand, when the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are rotated to the second stationary position side, the optical holding portions 62b and 72b of the first and second spring members 62 and 72 are the first ones. By abutting on the two convex portions 54b and 55b, the second stop position is reached as the retracted position.

これにより、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２は、光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂが第２の凸部５４ｂ，５５ｂに当接されて第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１周りの他方向への回動が規制されることにより、光学保持部６２ｂ，７２ｂを矩形部５１ｂ，５３ｂ側に配置させる位置に位置決めされる。   As a result, the first and second spring members 62 and 72 are placed around the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 with the optical holding portions 62b and 72b being in contact with the second convex portions 54b and 55b. By restricting the rotation in the direction, the optical holding portions 62b and 72b are positioned at positions where they are arranged on the rectangular portions 51b and 53b side.

即ち、第１、第２のハネ部材６２，７２は、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４を撮影光軸Ｏの光路から退避させる退避位置としての第２の静止位置に位置決めされる（例えば、図１０および図１１参照）。   That is, the first and second spring members 62 and 72 are positioned at a second stationary position as a retracted position for retracting the first and second optical members 64 and 74 from the optical path of the imaging optical axis O ( For example, see FIG. 10 and FIG.

ここで、電磁駆動源８０の磁場と第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０の配置関係について、以下に詳しく説明する。   Here, the positional relationship between the magnetic field of the electromagnetic drive source 80 and the first and second optical characteristic changing members 60 and 70 will be described in detail below.

先ず、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、図９または図１２に示すように、一方の第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４が挿入位置としての第１の静止位置にあるとき、図１０および図１１に示すように、他方の第２、第１の光学部材７４，６４が退避位置としての第２の静止位置となるように設置されている。   First, as shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 12, the first and second optical characteristic changing members 60 and 70 are in a first stationary position where one of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 is an insertion position. 10 and 11, the other second and first optical members 74 and 64 are installed so as to be in the second stationary position as the retracted position.

この状態において、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、図９および図１０にある、例えば第１のコアヘッド８３ａがＮ極、第２のコアヘッド８４ａがＳ極の時に、第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａ間に発生する最短の磁場に対して第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の第１の磁極としてのＳ極および第２の磁極としてのＮ極に軸対称の着磁方向が軸心回りに所定の角度、ここでは略４５度ずれて軸着されており、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の互いの着磁方向が所定の角度、ここでは略９０度ずれた状態となっている。   In this state, the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are the same as those shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, for example, when the first core head 83a has the N pole and the second core head 84a has the S pole. Axisymmetric with respect to the S pole as the first magnetic pole and the N pole as the second magnetic pole of the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 with respect to the shortest magnetic field generated between the second core heads 83a and 84a. The first and second shaft members 61 and 71 are magnetized in a predetermined angle, here, by a predetermined angle around the axis, here being shifted by approximately 45 degrees. The state is shifted by approximately 90 degrees.

なお、図９および図１２に示す、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０が第１の静止位置にあるとは、それぞれの第１の軸部材６１，７１が軸心と直交してＳ極およびＮ極に分極して着磁された２つの着磁方向が軸心回りに略１８０°ずれた反対方向となっている。   9 and 12 that the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are in the first stationary position means that the first shaft members 61 and 71 are orthogonal to the axis. Thus, the two magnetization directions polarized and magnetized to the S and N poles are opposite to each other by approximately 180 ° around the axis.

同様に、図１０および図１１に示す、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０が第２の静止位置にあるときも、それぞれの第１の軸部材６１，７１が軸心と直交してＳ極およびＮ極に分極して着磁された２つの着磁方向が軸心回りに略１８０°ずれた反対方向となっている。   Similarly, when the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 are in the second stationary position, the first shaft members 61 and 71 are orthogonal to the axis. Thus, the two magnetization directions polarized and magnetized to the S pole and the N pole are opposite to each other by approximately 180 ° around the axis.

具体的には、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の光学部材６４が挿入位置としての第１の静止位置にあるとき、第１の軸部材６１の着磁されたＮ極側が、Ｓ極となった第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向すると共に、第１の軸部材６１の着磁されたＳ極側が、Ｎ極となった第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向するように設定されている（図９参照）。   Specifically, when the first optical member 64 is in the first stationary position as the insertion position, the first optical property changing member 60 has the magnetized N pole side of the first shaft member 61, While facing the first core head 83a having the S pole, the magnetized S pole side of the first shaft member 61 is set to face the second core head 84a having the N pole ( (See FIG. 9).

このとき、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２のハネ部材７２が退避位置としての第２の静止位置にあり、第２の軸部材７１の着磁されたＮ極側が、Ｓ極となった第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向すると共に、第２の軸部材７１の着磁されたＳ極側が、Ｎ極となった第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向するように設定されている（図１０参照）。   At this time, the second optical property changing member 70 is in the second stationary position where the second spring member 72 is the retracted position, and the magnetized N pole side of the second shaft member 71 is the S pole. It is set so as to face the first core head 83a thus formed, and the magnetized south pole side of the second shaft member 71 is opposed to the second core head 84a which has become the north pole (see FIG. 10). ).

一方、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の光学部材６４が退避位置としての第２の静止位置にあるとき、第１の軸部材６１の着磁されたＳ極側が、Ｎ極となった第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向すると共に、第１の軸部材６１の着磁されたＮ極側が、Ｓ極となった第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向するように設定されている（図１１参照）。   On the other hand, when the first optical member 64 is in the second stationary position as the retracted position, the first optical property changing member 60 is such that the magnetized S pole side of the first shaft member 61 is N pole. It is set so as to face the first core head 83a thus formed, and the magnetized N pole side of the first shaft member 61 is opposed to the second core head 84a having the S pole (see FIG. 11). ).

このとき、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２のハネ部材７２が挿入位置としての第１の静止位置にあり、第２の軸部材７１の着磁されたＳ極側が、Ｎ極となった第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向すると共に、第２の軸部材７１の着磁されたＮ極側が、Ｓ極となった第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向するように設定されている（図１２参照）。   At this time, the second optical property changing member 70 is in the first stationary position as the insertion position of the second honey member 72, and the magnetized S pole side of the second shaft member 71 is the N pole. It is set so as to face the first core head 83a thus formed, and the magnetized N pole side of the second shaft member 71 is opposed to the second core head 84a that has become the S pole (see FIG. 12). ).

次に、以上のように構成された本実施の形態の光学ユニット４０の動作を以下に詳しく説明する。
光学ユニット４０は、第１の光学特性変更部材６０の第１の光学部材６４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に挿入する挿入位置としての第１の静止位置にあって、第２の光学特性変更部材７０の第２の光学部材７４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路から外れた退避位置としての第２の静止位置にあるとき、電磁駆動源８０に対して正電流が供給されており、第１、第２の電磁コイル８５，８６が励磁され、第１のコアヘッド８３ａ側がＳ極に帯磁されると共に、第２のコアヘッド８４ａ側がＮ極に帯磁された状態となっている（図９および図１０参照）。 Next, the operation of the optical unit 40 of the present embodiment configured as described above will be described in detail below.
The optical unit 40 is in a first stationary position as an insertion position where the first optical member 64 of the first optical characteristic changing member 60 is inserted on the optical path of the photographing optical axis O, and the second optical characteristic changing When the second optical member 74 of the member 70 is in the second stationary position as the retracted position deviated from the optical path of the photographing optical axis O, a positive current is supplied to the electromagnetic drive source 80, and the first, The second electromagnetic coils 85 and 86 are excited, the first core head 83a side is magnetized to the S pole, and the second core head 84a side is magnetized to the N pole (see FIGS. 9 and 10). ).

そして、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、Ｓ極に帯磁された第１のコアヘッド８３ａから発生する磁場によって、この第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向する第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１のＮ極に働く引力と、Ｎ極に帯磁された第２のコアヘッド８４ａから発生する磁場によって、この第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向する第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１のＳ極に働く引力と、を受けた状態となっている。   The first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are provided with first and second shafts facing the first core head 83a by a magnetic field generated from the first core head 83a magnetized to the S pole. Due to the attractive force acting on the N pole of the members 61 and 71 and the magnetic field generated from the second core head 84a magnetized to the N pole, the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 facing the second core head 84a It is in a state of receiving the attractive force acting on the S pole.

これにより、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の静止位置方向、ここでは図９の紙面に向かって見た反時計回りに常に回動力が与えられ、第１の軸部材６１に軸着された第１のハネ部材６２が第１の凸部５４ａに当接して、第１の軸部材６１の軸心回りの回動が規制される。こうして、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の光学部材６４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に挿入する挿入位置としての第１の静止位置で保持される。   Thereby, the first optical property changing member 60 is always supplied with a rotational force in the first stationary position direction, here, counterclockwise as viewed toward the paper surface of FIG. The worn first spring member 62 comes into contact with the first convex portion 54a, and the rotation of the first shaft member 61 around the axis is restricted. Thus, the first optical property changing member 60 is held at the first stationary position as the insertion position where the first optical member 64 is inserted on the optical path of the imaging optical axis O.

一方、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２の静止位置方向、ここでは図１０の紙面に向かって見た時計回りに常に回動力が与えられ、第２の軸部材７１に軸着された第２のハネ部材７２が第２の凸部５５ｂに当接し、第２の軸部材７１の軸心回りの回動が規制される。こうして、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２の光学部材７４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路上から外れた退避位置としての第２の静止位置で保持される。   On the other hand, the second optical property changing member 70 is always turned in the second stationary position direction, in this case, clockwise as viewed toward the plane of FIG. 10, and is pivotally attached to the second shaft member 71. Further, the second spring member 72 abuts on the second convex portion 55b, and the rotation of the second shaft member 71 around the axis is restricted. Thus, the second optical property changing member 70 is held at the second stationary position as the retracted position where the second optical member 74 is out of the optical path of the photographing optical axis O.

また、このように第１の光学特性変更部材６０が第１の静止位置、且つ第２の光学特性変更部材７０が第２の静止位置に保持されている状態から、術者などによって、例えば、操作部３の所定のスイッチの操作入力がなされると、電磁駆動源８０に供給されていた駆動電流が正電流から負電流に切り替えられる。   Further, from the state in which the first optical property changing member 60 is held in the first stationary position and the second optical property changing member 70 is held in the second stationary position in this way, the operator, for example, When an operation input of a predetermined switch of the operation unit 3 is made, the drive current supplied to the electromagnetic drive source 80 is switched from a positive current to a negative current.

これにより、第１、第２の電磁コイル８５，８６に流れる電流が逆向きになり、第１、第２の電磁石８７，８８の励磁状態が反転し、第１のコアヘッド８３ａ側がＮ極に帯磁されると共に、第２のコアヘッド８４ａ側がＳ極に帯磁される。   As a result, the currents flowing in the first and second electromagnetic coils 85 and 86 are reversed, the excitation states of the first and second electromagnets 87 and 88 are reversed, and the first core head 83a side is magnetized to the N pole. At the same time, the second core head 84a side is magnetized to the S pole.

そして、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、Ｎ極に帯磁された第１のコアヘッド８３ａから発生する磁場によって、この第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向する第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１のＮ極に働く斥力と、Ｓ極に帯磁された第２のコアヘッド８４ａから発生する磁場によって、この第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向する第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１のＳ極に働く斥力と、を受けた状態となる。   The first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are provided with first and second shafts facing the first core head 83a by a magnetic field generated from the first core head 83a magnetized to the N pole. Due to the repulsive force acting on the north pole of the members 61 and 71 and the magnetic field generated from the second core head 84a magnetized to the south pole, the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 facing the second core head 84a The repulsive force acting on the S pole is received.

これにより、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１が互いに相反する方向（第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１の軸心回りの逆方向）に同時に回動される。   As a result, the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are arranged in directions in which the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 are opposite to each other (around the axes of the first and second shaft members 61 and 71). Simultaneously in the opposite direction).

即ち、第１の光学特性変更部材６０が第１の静止位置から第２の静止位置方向、ここでは図９の紙面に向かって見た時計回り方向に、第２の光学特性変更部材７０が第２の静止位置から第２の静止位置方向、ここでは図１０の紙面に向かって見た反時計回り方向に同時に回動される。   That is, the first optical characteristic changing member 60 is moved from the first stationary position to the second stationary position, in this case, in the clockwise direction as viewed from the plane of FIG. It is simultaneously rotated from the second stationary position to the second stationary position direction, here in the counterclockwise direction as viewed toward the paper surface of FIG.

また、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０は、第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１が回転することで、Ｎ極に帯磁された第１のコアヘッド８３ａから発生する磁場によって、この第１のコアヘッド８３ａに対向する第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１のＳ極に働く引力と、Ｓ極に帯磁された第２のコアヘッド８４ａから発生する磁場によって、この第２のコアヘッド８４ａに対向する第１、第２の軸部材６１，７１のＮ極に働く引力と、が与えられる。   The first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are rotated by the magnetic field generated from the first core head 83a magnetized to the N pole as the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 rotate. The second and second shaft members 61 and 71 facing the first core head 83a are attracted to the south pole by the attractive force acting on the south pole and the magnetic field generated from the second core head 84a magnetized to the south pole. And an attractive force acting on the north pole of the first and second shaft members 61 and 71 facing the core head 84a.

こうして、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の光学部材６４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路から外れた退避位置としての第２の静止位置側に回動し、第１の軸部材６１に軸着された第１のハネ部材６２が第２の凸部５４ｂに当接し、第１の軸部材６１の軸心回りの回動が規制される。   Thus, the first optical property changing member 60 rotates to the second stationary position as the retracted position where the first optical member 64 is out of the optical path of the imaging optical axis O, and the first shaft member 61 The first hook member 62 attached to the shaft abuts on the second convex portion 54b, and the rotation of the first shaft member 61 around the axis is restricted.

また、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の軸部材６１が第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａから発生する磁場によって引力を常に受けることで、第１の光学部材６４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路上から外れた退避位置としての第２の静止位置で保持される（図１１参照）。   The first optical property changing member 60 is such that the first optical member 64 always receives an attractive force by the magnetic field generated by the first and second core heads 83a and 84a, so that the first optical member 64 takes the photographic light. It is held at a second stationary position as a retracted position deviating from the optical path of the axis O (see FIG. 11).

ここでも、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第２の静止位置方向、ここでは図１１の紙面に向かって見た時計回りに常に回動力が与えられ、第１の軸部材６１に軸着された第１のハネ部材６２が第２の凸部５４ｂに当接して、第１の軸部材６１の軸心回りの回動が規制される。こうして、第１の光学特性変更部材６０は、第１の光学部材６４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路上から外れた退避位置としての第２の静止位置で保持される。   Also in this case, the first optical property changing member 60 is always supplied with the rotational force in the second stationary position direction, here, clockwise as viewed toward the paper surface of FIG. The first honeycomb member 62 thus brought into contact with the second convex portion 54b restricts the rotation of the first shaft member 61 about the axis. Thus, the first optical characteristic changing member 60 is held at the second stationary position as the retracted position where the first optical member 64 is out of the optical path of the imaging optical axis O.

一方、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２の光学部材７４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路に挿入される挿入位置としての第１の静止位置側に回動し、第２の軸部材７１に軸着された第２のハネ部材７２が第１の凸部５５ａに当接し、第２の軸部材７１の軸心回りの回動が規制される。   On the other hand, the second optical property changing member 70 rotates to the first stationary position side as the insertion position where the second optical member 74 is inserted into the optical path of the photographing optical axis O, and the second shaft member 71. The second honeycomb member 72 attached to the shaft abuts on the first convex portion 55a, and the rotation of the second shaft member 71 around the axis is restricted.

こうして、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２の軸部材７１が第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａから引力を常に受けることで、第２の光学部材７４が撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に挿入された挿入位置としての第１の静止位置で保持される（図１２参照）。   Thus, in the second optical property changing member 70, the second shaft member 71 always receives an attractive force from the first and second core heads 83a and 84a, so that the second optical member 74 is light of the photographing optical axis O. It hold | maintains in the 1st stationary position as an insertion position inserted on the road (refer FIG. 12).

ここでも、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第１の静止位置方向、ここでは図１２の紙面に向かって見た反時計回りに常に回動力が与えられ、第２の軸部材７１に軸着された第２のハネ部材７２が第１の凸部５５ａに当接し、第２の軸部材７１の軸心回りの回動が規制される。こうして、第２の光学特性変更部材７０は、第２の光学部材７４が撮影光軸Ｏ上に進入する進入位置としての第１の静止位置で保持される。   Again, the second optical property changing member 70 is always supplied with a rotational force in the first stationary position direction, here counterclockwise as viewed toward the plane of FIG. The worn second spring member 72 abuts on the first convex portion 55a, and the rotation of the second shaft member 71 around the axis is restricted. In this way, the second optical property changing member 70 is held at the first stationary position as the entry position where the second optical member 74 enters on the photographing optical axis O.

また、第１の光学特性変更部材６０が第２の静止位置、且つ第２の光学特性変更部材７０が第１の静止位置に保持されている状態から、術者などによって、例えば、操作部３の所定のスイッチの操作入力によって、電磁駆動源８０に供給されていた駆動電流が負電流から正電流に切り替えられると、第１、第２のコアヘッド８３ａ，８４ａが帯磁するＳ極とＮ極の磁性が切り替わることで、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０が回動し、第１の光学特性変更部材６０が第１の静止位置、且つ第２の光学特性変更部材７０が第２の静止位置に変位する。   Further, from the state where the first optical property changing member 60 is held at the second stationary position and the second optical property changing member 70 is held at the first stationary position, the operator, for example, operates the operation unit 3. When the drive current supplied to the electromagnetic drive source 80 is switched from the negative current to the positive current by the operation input of the predetermined switch, the first and second core heads 83a and 84a are magnetized in the S and N poles. When the magnetism is switched, the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 rotate, the first optical property changing member 60 is in the first stationary position, and the second optical property changing member 70 is in the first state. 2 is displaced to the rest position.

以上に説明したように、本実施の形態の光学ユニット４０は、第１、第２の光学特性変更部材６０，７０の第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４を撮影光軸Ｏの光路上へ進入する第１の静止位置または退避する第２の静止位置に同時に切換えることができる構成となっている。   As described above, the optical unit 40 of this embodiment is configured so that the first and second optical members 64 and 74 of the first and second optical property changing members 60 and 70 are placed on the optical path of the photographing optical axis O. It is possible to simultaneously switch to the first stationary position for entering or the second stationary position for retracting.

このような構成とすることで、光学ユニット４０は、レンズ、光学フィルタ、絞りなどの第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の組み合わせを変更することで、所望の光学性能を変化させることができ、撮像ユニット３０の光学機能性を向上させることができる。   With such a configuration, the optical unit 40 can change the desired optical performance by changing the combination of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 such as a lens, an optical filter, and a diaphragm. The optical functionality of the imaging unit 30 can be improved.

また、光学ユニット４０は、１つで第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の組み合わせにより、多様な光学特性を得ることができるようにして大型化を防止することで、撮像ユニット３０が大きくならず、挿入部２の硬質部分である先端部１１の長さが延びることも防止することができる。   In addition, the optical unit 40 can be obtained in a variety of optical characteristics by a combination of the first and second optical members 64 and 74, thereby preventing the enlargement of the imaging unit 30. In addition, the length of the distal end portion 11 which is a hard portion of the insertion portion 2 can be prevented from extending.

以上により、光学装置である光学ユニット４０は、バリエーションに富んだ光学特性を実現することができ、大型化を防止することができる。   As described above, the optical unit 40 which is an optical device can realize a variety of optical characteristics and can prevent an increase in size.

なお、上述の実施の形態では、光学ユニット４０に設けられる第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４がレンズ、光学フィルタ、絞り羽根などとして説明している。
そこで、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の種々の具体的な組み合わせについて、以下に説明する。 In the above-described embodiment, the first and second optical members 64 and 74 provided in the optical unit 40 are described as lenses, optical filters, diaphragm blades, and the like.
Therefore, various specific combinations of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 will be described below.

先ず、光学ユニット４０は、例えば、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の一方を光学フィルタ、他方を凸レンズまたは凹レンズとした場合、光学フィルタを撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入させて、特殊光の遠点観察で病変部位を発見した後、凸レンズを撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入させて切り替えることで、通常光の拡大観察で病変部位の精密診断を行うことができるようになる。なお、凸レンズと凹レンズは、撮像ユニット３０に設けられる対物光学系の設計に応じて、所望の拡大観察が行えるものが選択される。   First, for example, when one of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 is an optical filter and the other is a convex lens or a concave lens, the optical unit 40 allows the optical filter to enter the optical path of the photographing optical axis O, After discovering a lesion site by observing the far point of special light, the convex lens is moved into the optical path of the imaging optical axis O and switched, so that a precise diagnosis of the lesion site can be performed by magnifying normal light. . As the convex lens and the concave lens, those capable of performing desired magnified observation are selected according to the design of the objective optical system provided in the imaging unit 30.

また、光学ユニット４０は、例えば、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の一方を光学フィルタ、他方を平板レンズとした場合、光学フィルタと平板レンズの厚さを同一とすることで、撮像ユニット３０におけるピント位置を変えずに特殊観察と通常光観察を行うことができ、ピント位置を変えたくないときに有効な構成となる。   Further, for example, when one of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 is an optical filter and the other is a flat lens, the optical unit 40 captures an image by making the optical filter and the flat lens have the same thickness. Special observation and normal light observation can be performed without changing the focus position in the unit 30, which is effective when it is not desired to change the focus position.

さらに、光学ユニット４０は、例えば、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の一方を光学フィルタ、他方を絞り羽根とした場合、光学フィルタを撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入させた特殊光観察では光学フィルタによる照明光の光量不足が生じるため、撮像ユニット３０に設けられる絞り３３を特殊光観察時に対応した明るさ優先の設定として、通常観察時に絞り羽根を撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入させて通常の被写界深度となるように設定することができる。   Further, the optical unit 40 has special light in which, for example, when one of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 is an optical filter and the other is a diaphragm blade, the optical filter enters the optical path of the photographing optical axis O. In observation, the amount of illumination light due to the optical filter is insufficient. Therefore, the diaphragm 33 provided in the imaging unit 30 is set as a priority for brightness corresponding to special light observation, and the diaphragm blades are placed on the optical path of the photographing optical axis O during normal observation. It can be set to approach and have a normal depth of field.

また、光学ユニット４０は、例えば、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の一方を凸レンズ、他方を凹レンズとした場合、撮像ユニット３０において、凸レンズを撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入させた遠点観察と、凹レンズを撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入させた近点観察と、を切り替えられる構成とすることができる。なお、凸レンズと凹レンズは、撮像ユニット３０に設けられる対物光学系の設計に応じて、遠点観察と近点観察が逆となる場合がある。   For example, when one of the first and second optical members 64 and 74 is a convex lens and the other is a concave lens, the optical unit 40 causes the convex lens to enter the optical path of the photographing optical axis O in the imaging unit 30. A far point observation and a near point observation in which a concave lens is made to enter the optical path of the photographing optical axis O can be switched. Note that the convex lens and the concave lens may be reversed in the far point observation and the near point observation depending on the design of the objective optical system provided in the imaging unit 30.

この光学ユニット４０では、撮像ユニット３０における対物レンズの枚数が少なくても、拡大倍率を上げた観察が可能となり、凹レンズのみの構成に比べ、切り替わる凸レンズとの組み合わせによって、凹レンズの屈折力（パワー）を小さくできるため、撮影光軸Ｏの光路上に進入する凹レンズの位置が多少ずれても問題がなくなるという利点もある。   In this optical unit 40, even if the number of objective lenses in the imaging unit 30 is small, observation with an increased magnification is possible, and the refractive power (power) of the concave lens can be increased by combining with a convex lens that switches as compared with the configuration of only a concave lens. Therefore, even if the position of the concave lens entering the optical path of the photographing optical axis O is slightly shifted, there is an advantage that the problem is eliminated.

なお、本発明は、以上説明した各実施形態に限定されることなく、種々の変形や変更が可能であり、それらも本発明の技術的範囲内である。例えば、第１、第２の光学部材６４，７４の組み合わせ構成として、絞りと凸レンズ、絞りと凹レンズ、絞りと平板レンズ、凸レンズと凸レンズ、凸レンズと平板レンズ、凹レンズと凹レンズ、凹レンズと平板レンズなど種々の形態としてもよい。   In addition, this invention is not limited to each embodiment described above, A various deformation | transformation and change are possible, and they are also in the technical scope of this invention. For example, as a combination configuration of the first and second optical members 64 and 74, a diaphragm and a convex lens, a diaphragm and a concave lens, a diaphragm and a flat lens, a convex lens and a convex lens, a convex lens and a flat lens, a concave lens and a concave lens, a concave lens and a flat lens, etc. It is good also as a form.

また、上述の実施形態においては、光学部材としてレンズ、光学フィルタ、絞りなどを、光学系の光路に挿脱させる一例について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば、プリズムなどを挿脱させる構成であってもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a lens, an optical filter, a diaphragm, and the like are inserted into and removed from the optical path of the optical system as the optical member has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. The structure which inserts / removes etc. may be sufficient.

また、本発明が適用される光学系としては、撮像光学系に限定されるものでなく、例えば、被写体などに対して照明光を照射する照明光学系などに対しても適用が可能である。   The optical system to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the imaging optical system, and can be applied to, for example, an illumination optical system that irradiates illumination light to a subject or the like.

また、上述の各実施形態においては、Ｓ極を第１の磁極、Ｎ極を第２の磁極として説明したが、これら第１、第２の磁極の対応付けは逆であっても良いことは勿論である。   In each of the above-described embodiments, the S pole is described as the first magnetic pole and the N pole as the second magnetic pole. However, the correspondence between the first and second magnetic poles may be reversed. Of course.

１・・・内視鏡
２・・・挿入部
３・・・操作部
４・・・上下用湾曲操作ノブ
５・・・左右用湾曲操作ノブ
６・・・固定レバー
７・・・固定ノブ
８・・・ユニバーサルコード
９・・・コネクタ
１０・・・撮像ユニット
１１・・・先端部
１２・・・湾曲部
１３・・・可撓管部
２０・・・先端硬質部材
２１・・・処置具挿通チャンネル
２２・・・湾曲駒
２３・・・湾曲ゴム
２４・・・先端カバー
２５・・・熱収縮チューブ
３０・・・撮像ユニット
３１・・・レンズ枠
３２・・・対物レンズ
３４・・・撮像枠
３５・・・イメージセンサ
３６・・・カバーガラス
３７・・・光学ガラス
３８・・・電気基板
３９・・・信号ケーブル
３９ａ・・・駆動用ケーブル
４０・・・光学ユニット
５０・・・ハウジング
５１〜５３・・・第１〜第３の基板
５１ａ〜５３ａ・・・円形部
５１ｂ〜５３ｂ・・・矩形部
５１ｃ〜５３ｃ・・・開口部
５１ｄ〜５３ｄ・・・第１〜第３の軸受孔
５４ａ〜５４ｂ・・・第１〜第２の凸部
５５ａ〜５５ｂ・・・第１〜第２の凸部
５６ａ〜５６ｂ・・・第１〜第２のスペーサ
６０・・・第１の光学特性変更部材
６１・・・第１の軸部材
６２・・・第１のハネ部材
６２ａ，７２ａ・・・アーム部
６２ｂ，７２ｂ・・・光学保持部
６３，７３・・・光学保持枠
６４・・・第１の光学部材
７０・・・第２の光学特性変更部材
７１・・・第２の軸部材
７２・・・第２のハネ部材
７４・・・第２の光学部材
８０・・・電磁駆動源
８１・・・ヨーク
８２・・・ベース部材
８２ａ，８２ｂ・・・第１、第２の連結部
８３，８４・・・第１、第２のコアアーム
８３ａ，８４ａ・・・第１、第２のコアヘッド
８５，８６・・・第１、第２の電磁コイル
８７，８８・・・第１、第２の電磁石
Ｏ・・・撮影光軸 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Endoscope 2 ... Insertion part 3 ... Operation part 4 ... Up / down bending operation knob 5 ... Left / right bending operation knob 6 ... Fixed lever 7 ... Fixed knob 8 ... Universal cord 9 ... Connector 10 ... Imaging unit 11 ... Tip part 12 ... Bending part 13 ... Flexible tube part 20 ... Tip hard member 21 ... Treatment instrument insertion Channel 22 ... bending piece 23 ... bending rubber 24 ... tip cover 25 ... heat shrinkable tube 30 ... imaging unit 31 ... lens frame 32 ... objective lens 34 ... imaging frame 35 ... Image sensor 36 ... Cover glass 37 ... Optical glass 38 ... Electric substrate 39 ... Signal cable 39a ... Drive cable 40 ... Optical unit 50 ... Housing 51- 53... First to third substrates 51a to 53 ... Circular parts 51b to 53b ... Rectangular parts 51c to 53c ... Openings 51d to 53d ... First to third bearing holes 54a to 54b ... First to second convex parts 55a ... 55b ... 1st-2nd convex part 56a-56b ... 1st-2nd spacer 60 ... 1st optical characteristic change member 61 ... 1st shaft member 62 ... 1st spring member 62a, 72a ... Arm part 62b, 72b ... Optical holding part 63, 73 ... Optical holding frame 64 ... 1st optical member 70 ... 2nd optical characteristic change Member 71 ... Second shaft member 72 ... Second spring member 74 ... Second optical member 80 ... Electromagnetic drive source 81 ... Yoke 82 ... Base members 82a, 82b ..First and second connecting portions 83, 84 ... first and second core arms 83a, 84a ... first, second Core head 85, 86 ... first, second electromagnetic coils 87 and 88 ... first, second electromagnets O ... photographing optical axis

Claims (5)

軸方向と直交する方向において２つの磁極に分極された永久磁石からなる第１の軸部材、前記第１の軸部材に軸着された第１の光学保持部材および前記第１の光学保持部材によって保持された第１の光学部材を有し、前記第１の軸部材が軸心回りに回動することにより前記第１の光学部材を光学系の光路に進入する第１の静止位置と前記光路から退避する第２の静止位置とに変位自在であり、前記第１の軸部材は、前記第１の静止位置において前記軸心と直交する所定の第１の着磁方向に２つの磁極が分極され着磁された第１の光学特性変更部材と、
軸方向と直交する方向において２つの磁極に分極された永久磁石からなり、軸心が前記第１の軸部材の軸心と同一軸上となる第２の軸部材、前記第２の軸部材に軸着された第２の光学保持部材および前記第２の光学保持部材によって保持された第２の光学部材を有し、前記第２の軸部材が軸心回りに回動することにより前記第２の光学部材を前記光路に進入する前記第１の静止位置と前記光路から退避する前記第２の静止位置とに変位自在であり、前記第２の軸部材は、前記第１の静止位置において前記軸心と直交し前記第１の着磁方向と反対方向の第２の着磁方向に２つの磁極が分極され着磁された第２の光学特性変更部材と、
前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材の磁極に働く磁場を発生自在な電磁石を有し、前記電磁石による前記磁場の磁極の切り替えによって、前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材を相反する方向に同時に回動させて、前記第１の光学特性変更部材および前記第２の光学特性変更部材をそれぞれ異なる前記第１の静止位置または前記第２の静止位置に変位させる電磁駆動源と、
を具備したことを特徴とする光学装置。 By a first shaft member made of a permanent magnet polarized to two magnetic poles in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, a first optical holding member pivotally attached to the first shaft member, and the first optical holding member A first stationary position having the first optical member held, and the first shaft member rotating about an axis to allow the first optical member to enter the optical path of the optical system; and the optical path The first shaft member has two magnetic poles polarized in a predetermined first magnetization direction orthogonal to the axis at the first stationary position. And the first optical property changing member magnetized,
The second shaft member is composed of a permanent magnet polarized to two magnetic poles in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction, and the axis is on the same axis as the axis of the first shaft member. A second optical holding member that is attached to the shaft and a second optical member that is held by the second optical holding member are provided, and the second shaft member rotates around the axis to cause the second optical member. The optical member is displaceable between the first stationary position where the optical member enters the optical path and the second stationary position where the optical member retracts from the optical path, and the second shaft member is disposed at the first stationary position. A second optical property changing member having two magnetic poles polarized and magnetized in a second magnetization direction perpendicular to the axis and opposite to the first magnetization direction;
An electromagnet capable of generating a magnetic field acting on the magnetic poles of the first shaft member and the second shaft member, and the first shaft member and the second shaft by switching the magnetic pole of the magnetic field by the electromagnet; Electromagnetic drive that simultaneously rotates the members in opposite directions to displace the first optical characteristic changing member and the second optical characteristic changing member to the different first stationary position or the second stationary position, respectively. The source,
An optical apparatus comprising: 前記電磁駆動源は、前記第１の軸部材および前記第２の軸部材の軸心と直交する方向において、前記第１および前記第２の軸部材を挟み各々が対向配設され、各々が異なる磁極の前記磁場を発生する第１のコアヘッドおよび第２のコアヘッドを有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の光学装置。   The electromagnetic drive sources are disposed opposite to each other across the first and second shaft members in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the first shaft member and the second shaft member. The optical apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a first core head and a second core head that generate the magnetic field of the magnetic pole. 前記第１の静止位置において、前記第１の光学特性変更部材および第２の光学特性変更部材に当接して、前記第１の光学部材および前記第２の光学部材が前記光路上の所定の位置で静止するように回動を規制する第１のストッパを具備し、
前記第２の静止位置において、前記第１の光学特性変更部材および第２の光学特性変更部材に当接して、前記第１の光学部材および前記第２の光学部材が前記光路から外れた所定の位置で静止するように回動を規制する第２のストッパを具備したことを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の光学装置。 In the first stationary position, the first optical member and the second optical member are in contact with the first optical property changing member and the second optical property changing member, and the first optical member and the second optical member are in predetermined positions on the optical path. A first stopper for restricting rotation so as to be stationary at
In the second stationary position, the first optical member and the second optical member are in contact with the first optical property changing member and the second optical property changing member, and the first optical member and the second optical member are out of the optical path. The optical device according to claim 1, further comprising a second stopper that restricts rotation so as to be stationary at a position. 前記第１の光学部材および前記第２の光学部材をレンズ、光学フィルタまたは絞りのいずれかを組み合わせていることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の光学装置   The optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first optical member and the second optical member are combined with any one of a lens, an optical filter, and a diaphragm. 請求項１から請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の前記光学装置を挿入部の先端部に具備したことを特徴とする内視鏡。   An endoscope comprising the optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 at a distal end portion of an insertion portion.

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