JP2015159950A - Respiration and/or pulse measuring device - Google Patents

Respiration and/or pulse measuring device Download PDF

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JP2015159950A
JP2015159950A JP2014036713A JP2014036713A JP2015159950A JP 2015159950 A JP2015159950 A JP 2015159950A JP 2014036713 A JP2014036713 A JP 2014036713A JP 2014036713 A JP2014036713 A JP 2014036713A JP 2015159950 A JP2015159950 A JP 2015159950A
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陽陽 任
Yoyo Nin
陽陽 任
敏規 加川
Toshiki Kagawa
敏規 加川
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a respiration and/or pulse measuring device worn on a wrist that measures a respiration rate and/or a pulse rate with a high degree of precision.SOLUTION: A respiration and/or pulse measuring device includes a controller 22 for processing detection signals from a plurality of respiration/pulse detection devices as required, and calculating a respiration rate and/or a pulse rate. The controller 22 includes respiration threshold calculation means 26 for calculating a respiration threshold (and/or pulse threshold calculation means 38 for calculating a pulse threshold), respiration signal extraction means 28 for extracting a temporary respiration signal based on the respiration threshold (and/or pulse signal extraction means 42 for extracting a temporary pulse signal based on the pulse threshold), and respiration determination means 30 for determining an actual respiration signal for actual respiration, based on the temporary respiration signal (and/or pulse determination means 44 for determining an actual pulse signal for an actual pulse, based on the temporary pulse signal).

Description

本発明は、血液の流れを利用して呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を計測する呼吸及び/又は脈拍計測装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a respiration and / or pulse measurement device that measures a respiration rate and / or a pulse rate using a blood flow.

呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を測定するための呼吸及び/脈拍測定装置として、耳たぶや指先などに測定プローブ(圧力センサを利用する)を装着して測定するものが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。この呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置は、測定プローブからの検知信号を処理して呼吸信号を生成する第1信号処理手段(所謂、呼吸信号生成手段)と、この検知信号を処理して脈拍信号を生成する第2信号処理手段(所謂、脈拍信号生成手段)とを備えている。第1信号処理手段は第1バンドパスフィルタから構成され、この第1バンドパスフィルタは、例えば0.5Hz以上の周波数を遮断する第1高周波遮断フィルタと、例えば0.15Hz以下の低周波を遮断する第1低周波遮断フィルタとを含み、第1高周波遮断フィルタ及び第1低周波遮断フィルタを通過する周波数成分(0.15〜0.5Hz)を呼吸性信号として出力し、かかる呼吸性信号に基づいて呼吸数が演算される。また、第2信号処理手段は第2バンドパスフィルタから構成され、この第2バンドパスフィルタは、例えば5.5Hz以上の周波数を遮断する第2高周波遮断フィルタと、例えば1.0Hz以下の低周波を遮断する第2低周波遮断フィルタとを含み、第2高周波遮断フィルタ及び第2低周波遮断フィルタを通過する周波数成分(1.0〜5.5Hz)を脈拍性信号として出力し、かかる脈拍性信号に基づいて脈拍数が演算される。   As a respiration and / or pulse measurement device for measuring respiration rate and / or pulse rate, a device that measures by attaching a measurement probe (using a pressure sensor) to an earlobe or fingertip has been proposed (for example, a patent) Reference 1). This respiration and / or pulse measuring device processes first detection signal (so-called respiration signal generation means) that processes a detection signal from a measurement probe to generate a respiration signal, and processes this detection signal to generate a pulse signal. Second signal processing means for generating (so-called pulse signal generating means) is provided. The first signal processing means is composed of a first band-pass filter, and the first band-pass filter blocks a first high-frequency cutoff filter that cuts off a frequency of, for example, 0.5 Hz or higher and a low frequency of, for example, 0.15 Hz or lower. A frequency component (0.15 to 0.5 Hz) passing through the first high-frequency cutoff filter and the first low-frequency cutoff filter is output as a respiratory signal, and the respiratory signal is converted to the respiratory signal. Based on this, the respiration rate is calculated. The second signal processing means is composed of a second band pass filter. The second band pass filter includes a second high frequency cutoff filter that cuts off a frequency of, for example, 5.5 Hz or more, and a low frequency of, for example, 1.0 Hz or less. A frequency component (1.0 to 5.5 Hz) passing through the second high-frequency cutoff filter and the second low-frequency cutoff filter is output as a pulsatile signal. Based on the signal, the pulse rate is calculated.

特開2002−125953号公報JP 2002-125953 A

一般的に耳たぶや指先は毛細血管が多く、このような部位に測定プローブを装着する場合、装着した測定プローブによって血液の流れ(具体的には、血液の流れによる圧力変化など)を感度良く検知し、この検知信号を用いて呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を精度よく測定することができる。一方、腕(例えば、手首)は、測定プローブを装着し易く、また装着した状態においても動き易いが、毛細血管などの血管が密集してなく、このような部位に測定プローブを装着しても大きな出力を得ることができない。例えば、手首で測定しようとすると、測定プローブの出力は、指先に装着して測定したときの1/10程度となり、血液の流れを利用して呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を精度よく測定することが難しい。   Generally, the earlobe and fingertips have many capillaries, and when a measurement probe is attached to such a site, the blood flow (specifically, changes in pressure due to blood flow, etc.) can be detected with high sensitivity using the attached measurement probe. The respiration rate and / or pulse rate can be accurately measured using this detection signal. On the other hand, the arm (for example, wrist) is easy to wear the measurement probe and is easy to move in the worn state, but blood vessels such as capillaries are not densely packed, and even if the measurement probe is attached to such a site, A large output cannot be obtained. For example, when trying to measure at the wrist, the output of the measurement probe is about 1/10 of that measured by wearing it on the fingertip, and the respiration rate and / or pulse rate is accurately measured using the blood flow. Is difficult.

本発明の目的は、例えば手首に装着しても呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を精度よく測定することができる呼吸及び/脈拍測定装置を提供することである。   An object of the present invention is to provide a respiration and / or pulse measuring device capable of accurately measuring a respiration rate and / or a pulse rate even when worn on a wrist, for example.

本発明の請求項1に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置は、呼吸及び/又は脈拍を検知するための複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段を備えた検知器と、前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段からの検知信号を所要の通りに処理して呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を演算するためのコントローラと、を備えた呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置において、
前記コントローラは、呼吸しきい値を演算するための呼吸しきい値演算手段及び/又は脈拍しきい値を演算するための脈拍しきい値演算手段と、前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号から前記呼吸しきい値に基づいて仮呼吸信号を抽出するための呼吸信号抽出手段及び/又は前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号から前記脈拍しきい値に基づいて仮脈拍信号を抽出するための脈拍信号抽出手段と、前記呼吸信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮呼吸信号に基づいて実際の呼吸である実呼吸信号と判定するための呼吸判定手段及び/又は前記脈拍信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮脈拍信号に基づいて実際の脈拍である実脈拍信号と判定するための脈拍判定手段と、前記実呼吸信号に基づいて呼吸数を演算するための呼吸数演算手段及び/又は前記実脈拍信号に基づいて脈拍数を演算するための脈拍数演算手段と、を備えることを特徴とする。
The respiratory and / or pulse measuring device according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a detector having a plurality of respiration / pulse detection means for detecting respiration and / or a pulse, and the plurality of respiration / pulse detection means. A respiration and / or pulse measuring device comprising: a controller for processing the detection signal from as required to calculate the respiration rate and / or pulse rate;
The controller includes a respiratory threshold value calculating means for calculating a respiratory threshold value and / or a pulse threshold value calculating means for calculating a pulse threshold value, and detection signals of the plurality of respiratory / pulse detecting means The temporary pulse signal is extracted based on the pulse threshold value from the respiratory signal extraction means for extracting the temporary respiratory signal based on the respiratory threshold value and / or the detection signals of the plurality of respiratory / pulse detection means. A pulse signal extracting means for detecting the actual breathing signal and / or a pulse signal extracting means for determining an actual breathing signal based on the temporary breathing signal extracted by the breathing signal extracting means. A pulse determining means for determining an actual pulse signal that is an actual pulse based on the provisional pulse signal, and a respiratory rate calculating means for calculating a respiratory rate based on the actual respiratory signal And pulse rate calculating means for calculating a pulse rate based on beauty / or the actual pulse signal, characterized in that it comprises a.

また、本発明の請求項2に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置では、前記呼吸判定手段は、前記呼吸信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮呼吸信号により多数決処理が適用できるときには多数決処理して前記実呼吸信号を判定し、前記多数決処理ができないときにはピーク値処理して前記実呼吸信号を判定し、また前記脈拍判定手段は、前記脈拍信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮脈拍信号により多数決処理が適用できるときには多数決処理して前記実脈拍信号を判定し、前記多数決処理ができないときにはピーク値処理して前記実脈拍信号を判定することを特徴とする。   In the respiration and / or pulse measurement device according to claim 2 of the present invention, the respiration determination means performs a majority process when a majority process can be applied based on the temporary respiration signal extracted by the respiration signal extraction means. The actual breathing signal is determined, and when the majority process cannot be performed, a peak value process is performed to determine the actual breathing signal, and the pulse determining means is a majority process based on the temporary pulse signal extracted by the pulse signal extracting means. Is applied to the majority pulse to determine the actual pulse signal, and when the majority decision is not possible, the peak value is processed to determine the actual pulse signal.

更に、本発明の請求項3に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置では、前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の各々は、測定部位に向けて赤外線を発光する発光素子及び前記測定部位からの反射赤外線を受光する受光素子を含むフォトインタラプタと、前記フォトインタラプタからの受光信号の低周波成分を除去する低周波除去手段とを含み、前記前記低周波成分が除去された検知信号が前記コントローラに送給されることを特徴とする。   Furthermore, in the respiration and / or pulse measurement device according to claim 3 of the present invention, each of the plurality of respiration / pulse detection means includes a light emitting element that emits infrared rays toward the measurement site, and reflection from the measurement site. A photo interrupter including a light receiving element that receives infrared light; and a low frequency removing unit that removes a low frequency component of a light reception signal from the photo interrupter, and the detection signal from which the low frequency component has been removed is sent to the controller. It is characterized by being paid.

本発明の請求項1に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置によれば、検知器(複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段を備える)からの検知信号を処理するためのコントローラは、呼吸しきい値演算手段(及び/又は脈拍しきい値演算手段)、呼吸信号抽出手段(及び/又は脈拍しきい値抽出手段)、呼吸判定手段(及び/又は脈拍判定手段)及び呼吸数演算手段(及び/又は脈拍数演算手段)を備えている。呼吸しきい値演算手段(及び/又は脈拍しきい値演算手段)は、各検知信号に基づいて呼吸しきい値(及び/又は脈拍しきい値)を演算し、呼吸信号抽出手段(及び/又は脈拍信号演算手段)は、対応する検出信号からこの呼吸しきい値(及び/又は脈拍しきい値)に基づいて仮呼吸信号(仮脈拍信号)を抽出するので、抽出された仮呼吸信号(及び/又は仮脈拍信号)は、ノイズ成分の少ない信号になるとともに、複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段のうち呼吸(及び/又は脈拍)を仮検知したものが抽出されるようになる。そして、呼吸判定手段(及び/又は脈拍判定手段)は、仮呼吸信号(及び/又は仮脈拍信号)に基づいて実際の呼吸(及び/又は脈拍)である実呼吸信号(及び/又は実脈拍信号)を判定し、呼吸周演算手段(及び/又は脈拍演算手段)は、この実呼吸信号(及び/又は実脈拍信号)に基づいて呼吸数(及び/又は脈博数)を演算するので、血液の流れを利用して人体の呼吸数(及び/又は脈拍数)を精度よく測定することができる。尚、呼吸・脈拍検知手段は、その大きさ、消費電力などにもよるが、例えば手首に装着した状態においてその測定部位に4つ程度並ぶようにするのが望ましい。   According to the respiratory and / or pulse measuring device of the first aspect of the present invention, the controller for processing the detection signal from the detector (comprising a plurality of respiratory / pulse detecting means) has a respiratory threshold value calculation. Means (and / or pulse threshold value calculating means), respiratory signal extracting means (and / or pulse threshold value extracting means), respiratory determining means (and / or pulse determining means) and respiratory rate calculating means (and / or pulse) Number arithmetic means). The breathing threshold value calculation means (and / or pulse threshold value calculation means) calculates a breathing threshold value (and / or pulse threshold value) based on each detection signal, and the breathing signal extraction means (and / or Since the pulse signal calculation means) extracts the temporary respiratory signal (provisional pulse signal) from the corresponding detection signal based on the respiratory threshold (and / or pulse threshold), the extracted temporary respiratory signal (and (Or temporary pulse signal) is a signal with a small noise component, and a plurality of respiration / pulse detection means that have temporarily detected respiration (and / or pulse) are extracted. The respiration determining means (and / or pulse determining means) is an actual respiration signal (and / or actual pulse signal) that is actual respiration (and / or pulse) based on the temporary respiration signal (and / or temporary pulse signal). ) And the respiration circumference calculating means (and / or pulse calculating means) calculates the respiration rate (and / or pulse rate) based on the actual respiration signal (and / or actual pulse signal). It is possible to accurately measure the respiration rate (and / or pulse rate) of the human body using the flow of. It should be noted that, depending on the size, power consumption, and the like of the breathing / pulse detection means, it is desirable that about four breathing / pulse detection means are arranged at the measurement site when worn on the wrist, for example.

また、本発明の請求項2に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置によれば、呼吸判定手段(及び/又は脈博判定手段)は、呼吸信号抽出手段(及び/又は脈博信号抽出手段)により抽出された仮呼吸信号(及び/又は仮脈拍信号)により多数決処理が適用できるときには多数決処理するので、血液の流れ(その流れの変動)を利用するにもかかわらず簡単な処理でもって精度よく実呼吸信号(及び/又は実脈拍信号)を判定することができる。また、多数決処理ができないときには、呼吸判定手段(及び/又は脈博判定手段)はピーク値処理して実呼吸信号(及び/又は実脈拍信号)を判定するので、このようなときにおいても簡単な処理でもって実呼吸信号(及び/又は実脈拍信号)を判定することができる。   According to the respiratory and / or pulse measuring device of the second aspect of the present invention, the respiratory determining means (and / or the pulse determining means) is the respiratory signal extracting means (and / or the pulse signal extracting means). When the majority process is applicable by the temporary breathing signal (and / or the temporary pulse signal) extracted by, the majority process is performed. Therefore, even though the blood flow (variation of the flow) is used, the simple process is accurate. An actual respiratory signal (and / or an actual pulse signal) can be determined. In addition, when the majority process cannot be performed, the breath determination unit (and / or pulse determination unit) processes the peak value and determines the actual breath signal (and / or the actual pulse signal). An actual respiratory signal (and / or an actual pulse signal) can be determined by processing.

更に、本発明の請求項3に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置によれば、複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の各々は、赤外線を利用した発光素子及び受光素子を含むフォトインタラプタを用いるので、市販のフォトインタラプタを用いて血液の流れの変動を検知信号に変換して呼吸数(及び/又は脈拍推移)を測定することができる。   Furthermore, according to the respiratory and / or pulse measuring device according to claim 3 of the present invention, each of the plurality of respiratory / pulse detecting means uses a photo interrupter including a light emitting element and a light receiving element using infrared rays. A commercially available photo interrupter can be used to convert blood flow fluctuations into detection signals to measure the respiratory rate (and / or pulse transition).

本発明に従う呼吸及び/又は脈博測定装置の一実施形態における検知器を装着した状態を簡略的に示す図。The figure which shows simply the state which mounted | wore the detector in one Embodiment of the respiration and / or pulmonary measurement apparatus according to this invention. 図1の検知の内面側を簡略的に示す図。The figure which shows simply the inner surface side of the detection of FIG. 図1の検知器側の制御系を簡略的に示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows simply the control system by the side of the detector of FIG. 図1の呼吸及び/又は脈博測定装置における測定装置本体側の制御系を簡略的に示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows simply the control system by the side of the measurement apparatus main body in the respiration and / or pulse measurement apparatus of FIG. 図3の測定装置本体側の制御系による信号処理の流れを示すフローチャート。The flowchart which shows the flow of the signal processing by the control system by the side of the measuring device main body of FIG. 図5のフローチャートにおける第1〜第4しきい値の演算処理を示すフローチャート。6 is a flowchart showing calculation processing of first to fourth threshold values in the flowchart of FIG. 5. 図5のフローチャートにおける呼吸判定処理の流れを示すフローチャート。The flowchart which shows the flow of the breath determination processing in the flowchart of FIG. 図5のフローチャートにおける脈拍判定処理の流れを示すフローチャート。The flowchart which shows the flow of the pulse determination process in the flowchart of FIG. 図1の検知器における第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the detection signal of the 1st respiration / pulse detection means in the detector of FIG. 図9の時刻t1における第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号の周波数成分を示す図。The figure which shows the frequency component of the detection signal of the 1st-4th respiration / pulse detection means at the time t1 of FIG. 図9の時刻t2における第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号の周波数成分を示す図。The figure which shows the frequency component of the detection signal of the 1st-4th respiration / pulse detection means at the time t2 of FIG. 図9の時刻t3における第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号の周波数成分を示す図。The figure which shows the frequency component of the detection signal of the 1st-4th respiration / pulse detection means at the time t3 of FIG.

以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明に従う呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置の一実施形態について説明する。図1及び図2において、図示の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置は、測定すべき身体の腕P(具体的には、手首Q)に装着される検知器2を備え、この検知器2は、複数(この形態では、4つ)の呼吸・脈拍検知手段、即ち第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A,4B,4C,4Dを内蔵する検知器本体6と、この検知器本体6に取り付けられた取付ベルト8とを備え、この取付ベルト8を手首Qに巻いて装着することによって、検知器本体6が測定すべき部位(この形態では、手首Qの手のひら側)に位置付けられる。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a respiration and / or pulse measurement device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 and 2, the illustrated breathing and / or pulse measuring device includes a detector 2 attached to a body arm P (specifically, a wrist Q) to be measured. A detector body 6 including a plurality (four in this embodiment) of breathing / pulse detecting means, that is, first to fourth breathing / pulse detecting means 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, and attached to the detector body 6 By mounting the mounting belt 8 around the wrist Q, the detector main body 6 is positioned at a site to be measured (in this embodiment, the palm side of the wrist Q).

第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dは、図2において左右方向に実質上等間隔をおいて配設され、このように配設することによって、手首Qに装着した状態において、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dは、手首Qの幅方向に配置され、このように配置することによって、後述するように、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの少なくとも一つが、手首Qの血管を流れる血液の流れ(即ち、流れの変動)を検知することが可能となる。尚、この形態では、4つの呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dを検知器本体6に内蔵しているが、血液の流れを確実に検知できる場合、2つ又は3つの呼吸・脈拍検知手段を内蔵するようにしてもよく、或いは5つ以上の呼吸・脈拍検知手段を内蔵するようにしてもよい。   The first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the left-right direction in FIG. The first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D are arranged in the width direction of the wrist Q. By arranging in this way, as will be described later, the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D. At least one can detect the flow of blood flowing through the blood vessel of the wrist Q (that is, fluctuation in flow). In this embodiment, four breathing / pulse detecting means 4A to 4D are built in the detector body 6. However, if the blood flow can be reliably detected, two or three breathing / pulse detecting means are built in. You may make it carry out, or you may make it incorporate five or more respiration / pulse detection means.

図3をも参照して、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dは実質上同一の構成であり、以下第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)について説明する。第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第3呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)は、発光素子10及び受光素子12を備えたフォトインタラプタ14と、低周波成分を遮断する低周波遮断手段16と、信号を増幅する増幅手段18とを含んでいる。発光素子10は、測定部位(手首Qの手のひら側)に向けて赤外線を発光し、受光素子12は、測定部位からの反射赤外線を受光する。   Referring also to FIG. 3, the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D have substantially the same configuration, and hereinafter, the first respiration / pulse detection means 4A (second to fourth respiration / pulse detection means). 4B to 4D) will be described. The first respiration / pulse detection means 4A (second to third respiration / pulse detection means 4B to 4D) includes a photointerrupter 14 including a light emitting element 10 and a light receiving element 12, and a low frequency blocking means for blocking low frequency components. 16 and amplification means 18 for amplifying the signal. The light emitting element 10 emits infrared rays toward the measurement site (the palm side of the wrist Q), and the light receiving element 12 receives reflected infrared rays from the measurement site.

一般に、血液中のヘモグロビンは赤外線を吸収する特性を有しており、従って、発光素子12から血管(そこを流れる血液)に向けて赤外線を照射すると、血管を流れる血流量変動(ヘモグロビン量の変動)によって反射赤外線が変化し、この変化を受光素子12で電気的信号に変換することによって光電脈波の検知信号を得ることができる。   In general, hemoglobin in blood has a characteristic of absorbing infrared rays. Accordingly, when infrared rays are irradiated from the light emitting element 12 toward a blood vessel (blood flowing therethrough), blood flow fluctuations in the blood vessels (fluctuations in the amount of hemoglobin). ), The reflected infrared rays change, and this change is converted into an electrical signal by the light receiving element 12, whereby a photoelectric pulse wave detection signal can be obtained.

フォトインタラプタ14の受光素子12からの検知信号(光電脈波)は低周波遮断手段16に送給され、この低周波遮断手段16は検知信号の低周波成分(例えば、0.034Hz以下の低周波成分)を遮断し、このように検知信号に含まれる低周波成分を遮断することによって、検知信号のノイズ成分を除去することができる。低周波成分が除去された検知信号は増幅手段18に送給され、増幅手段18はこの検知信号を増幅する。   The detection signal (photoelectric pulse wave) from the light receiving element 12 of the photo interrupter 14 is sent to the low frequency cutoff means 16, and the low frequency cutoff means 16 has a low frequency component (for example, a low frequency of 0.034 Hz or less). The noise component of the detection signal can be removed by blocking the component) and thus blocking the low-frequency component included in the detection signal. The detection signal from which the low frequency component has been removed is sent to the amplifying means 18, and the amplifying means 18 amplifies the detection signal.

検知器2は、更に、送信手段20を含み、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dからの出力信号(即ち、低周波成分が除去された後に増幅された信号)は送信手段20に送給され、この送信手段20から通信(例えば、Wi−Fi通信、赤外線通信など)を介して携帯端末装置、パソコンなどのコントローラ22(図4参照)に送られる。尚、例えばUSBケーブルなどのコードを介してコントローラ22に送給するようにしてもよい。   The detector 2 further includes a transmission means 20, and output signals from the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4 </ b> A to 4 </ b> D (that is, signals amplified after low frequency components are removed) are transmission means 20. And sent from the transmission means 20 to a controller 22 (see FIG. 4) such as a portable terminal device or a personal computer via communication (for example, Wi-Fi communication, infrared communication, etc.). For example, it may be sent to the controller 22 via a cord such as a USB cable.

次に、図4を参照して、呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置のコントローラ22について説明する。検知器2(即ち、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4D)からの検知信号を処理するためのコントローラ22は、例えばマイクロプロセッサなどから構成される。この形態では、検知器2からの検知信号を用いて呼吸数及び脈拍数を測定するために、次のように構成されている。   Next, the controller 22 of the breathing and / or pulse measuring device will be described with reference to FIG. The controller 22 for processing the detection signal from the detector 2 (that is, the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D) is composed of, for example, a microprocessor. In this form, in order to measure the respiration rate and the pulse rate using the detection signal from the detector 2, it is configured as follows.

図示のコントローラ22は、呼吸数を測定するために、呼吸領域信号生成手段24、呼吸しきい値演算手段26、呼吸信号抽出手段28、呼吸判定手段30及び呼吸数演算手段32を備え、この呼吸判定手段30は、多数決処理するための多数決判定手段34及びピーク値処理するためのピーク値判定手段36を含んでいる。   The illustrated controller 22 includes a respiration region signal generation means 24, a respiration threshold value calculation means 26, a respiration signal extraction means 28, a respiration determination means 30 and a respiration rate calculation means 32 in order to measure the respiration rate. The determination unit 30 includes a majority determination unit 34 for performing majority processing and a peak value determination unit 36 for processing peak values.

呼吸領域信号生成手段24は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号から呼吸領域信号(具体的には、0.034〜0.83Hzの周波数成分の信号)を切り出して生成し、呼吸しきい値演算手段26は、後述するようにして第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号に対しての呼吸しきい値を演算する。また、呼吸信号抽出手段28は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号における呼吸領域信号からこの呼吸しきい値を超える部分を仮呼吸信号として抽出する。   The respiratory region signal generation unit 24 cuts out a respiratory region signal (specifically, a signal having a frequency component of 0.034 to 0.83 Hz) from the detection signals of the first to fourth respiratory / pulse detection units 4A to 4D. The respiration threshold value calculating means 26 generates a respiration threshold value for the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D as will be described later. The respiration signal extraction means 28 extracts a portion exceeding the respiration threshold from the respiration region signal in the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D as a temporary respiration signal.

呼吸判定手段30は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号から抽出された仮呼吸信号を所要の通りに処理して実呼吸信号を判定する。第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの仮呼吸信号により多数決処理(この形態では、複数の仮呼吸信号が存在する場合、周波数の同じものが多い仮呼吸信号を採用する処理方法)が適用できる場合、多数決判定手段34は、複数の仮呼吸信号を多数決処理して実呼吸信号を判定する。また、この多数決処理が適用できない場合、ピーク値判定手段36は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの仮呼吸信号をピーク値処理(この形態では、複数の仮呼吸信号が存在する場合、各仮呼吸信号についてピーク値(即ち、ピーク振幅値)と呼吸しきい値との比を演算して最も大きい仮呼吸信号を採用する処理方法)して実呼吸信号を判定する。尚、ピーク値処理においては、呼吸しきい値との比を演算するのではなく、単にピーク値の最も大きいものを実呼吸信号と判定するようにしてもよい。更に、呼吸数演算手段32は、呼吸判定手段30(多数決判定手段34及びピーク値判定手段36)により判定された実呼吸信号に基づいて呼吸数を演算する。   The respiration determining unit 30 processes the temporary respiration signal extracted from the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection units 4A to 4D as required to determine the actual respiration signal. Majority processing based on the temporary respiratory signals of the first to fourth respiratory / pulse detection means 4A to 4D (in this embodiment, when there are a plurality of temporary respiratory signals, a processing method that employs temporary respiratory signals having many of the same frequency) Can be applied, the majority decision judging means 34 decides an actual breath signal by majority processing a plurality of temporary breathing signals. If this majority decision processing is not applicable, the peak value determination means 36 performs peak value processing on the temporary breathing signals of the first to fourth breathing / pulse detection means 4A to 4D (in this embodiment, there are a plurality of temporary breathing signals. In this case, the actual respiratory signal is determined by calculating the ratio between the peak value (that is, peak amplitude value) and the respiratory threshold value for each temporary respiratory signal and adopting the largest temporary respiratory signal). In the peak value processing, the ratio with the respiration threshold value is not calculated, but the one with the largest peak value may be determined as the actual respiration signal. Furthermore, the respiration rate calculation means 32 calculates the respiration rate based on the actual respiration signal determined by the respiration determination means 30 (majority determination means 34 and peak value determination means 36).

この形態では、このコントローラ22は、更に、脈拍数を測定するために、脈拍領域信号生成手段38、脈拍しきい値演算手段40、脈拍信号抽出手段42、脈拍判定手段44及び脈拍数演算手段46を備え、この脈拍判定手段44は、多数決処理するための多数決判定手段48及びピーク値処理するためのピーク値判定手段50を含んでいる。   In this embodiment, the controller 22 further measures a pulse rate signal generating means 38, a pulse threshold value calculating means 40, a pulse signal extracting means 42, a pulse determining means 44, and a pulse rate calculating means 46 in order to measure the pulse rate. The pulse determination means 44 includes a majority decision determination means 48 for performing majority decision processing and a peak value determination means 50 for peak value processing.

脈拍領域信号生成手段38は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号から脈拍領域信号(この形態では、0.83〜2.33Hzの周波数成分の信号)を切り出して生成し、脈拍しきい値演算手段40は、後述するようにして第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号に対しての脈拍しきい値を演算する。また、脈拍信号抽出手段42は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号における脈拍領域信号からこの脈拍しきい値を超える部分を仮脈拍信号として抽出する。   The pulse region signal generation unit 38 cuts out and generates a pulse region signal (in this form, a signal having a frequency component of 0.83 to 2.33 Hz) from the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection units 4A to 4D. The pulse threshold value calculation means 40 calculates the pulse threshold value for the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D as will be described later. Further, the pulse signal extracting means 42 extracts, as a temporary pulse signal, a portion exceeding the pulse threshold value from the pulse area signal in the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D.

脈拍判定手段44は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号から抽出された仮脈拍信号を所要の通りに処理して実脈拍信号を判定する。第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの仮脈拍信号により多数決処理が適用できる場合、多数決判定手段48は、複数の仮脈拍信号について上述の多数決処理を行って実呼吸信号を判定する。また、この多数決処理が適用できない場合、ピーク値判定手段50は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの仮脈拍信号について上述のピーク値処理を行って実脈拍信号を判定する。尚、ピーク値処理においては、脈拍しきい値との比を演算するのではなく、単にピーク値の最も大きいものを実脈拍信号と判定するようにしてもよい。更に、脈拍数演算手段46は、脈拍判定手段44(多数決判定手段48及びピーク値判定手段50)により判定された実脈拍信号に基づいて脈拍数を演算する。   The pulse determination means 44 processes the temporary pulse signal extracted from the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D as required to determine the actual pulse signal. When majority processing can be applied by the temporary pulse signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D, the majority determination means 48 performs the above-described majority processing for a plurality of temporary pulse signals to determine the actual respiratory signal. . When this majority process is not applicable, the peak value determining means 50 performs the above-described peak value processing on the temporary pulse signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detecting means 4A to 4D to determine the actual pulse signal. In the peak value processing, the ratio with the pulse threshold value is not calculated, but the one with the largest peak value may be determined as the actual pulse signal. Further, the pulse rate calculation means 46 calculates the pulse rate based on the actual pulse signal determined by the pulse determination means 44 (majority determination means 48 and peak value determination means 50).

このコントローラ22は、更に、メモリ手段52、信号出力手段54及び受信手段56を含んでいる。メモリ手段52は、各種データを記憶するものであり、検知器2(第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4D)からの検知信号、呼吸しきい値、仮呼吸信号、実呼吸信号、呼吸数、脈拍しきい値、仮脈拍信号、実脈拍信号、脈拍数などが記憶される。また、信号出力手段54は、コントローラ22でもって上述したようにして演算された呼吸数及び脈拍数のデータ信号を出力するものであり、この信号出力手段54からのデータ信号は、表示装置58(例えば、液晶表示装置などから構成される)に送給されて表示される。更に、受信手段56は、信号を受信するためのものであり、検知器2の送信手段20(図3参照)から送信された出力信号がこの受信手段56を通して受信され、受信された出力信号(検知信号)がコントローラ22のメモリ手段52に記憶される。   The controller 22 further includes a memory means 52, a signal output means 54, and a receiving means 56. The memory means 52 stores various data, and includes a detection signal from the detector 2 (first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D), a respiration threshold value, a temporary respiration signal, an actual respiration signal, The respiratory rate, pulse threshold value, temporary pulse signal, actual pulse signal, pulse rate, and the like are stored. The signal output means 54 outputs a data signal of the respiratory rate and pulse rate calculated by the controller 22 as described above. The data signal from the signal output means 54 is displayed on the display device 58 ( For example, a liquid crystal display device). Further, the receiving means 56 is for receiving a signal. The output signal transmitted from the transmitting means 20 (see FIG. 3) of the detector 2 is received through the receiving means 56, and the received output signal ( Detection signal) is stored in the memory means 52 of the controller 22.

次に、主として図2及び図3とともに図5〜図8を参照して、上述した呼吸及び/又は脈拍計測装置による呼吸及び脈拍の計測の流れについて説明する。図5において、呼吸及び脈拍の測定を行うには、まず、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dからの検知信号を送信手段20(図3参照)及び受信手段56(図4参照)を介してコントローラ22のメモリ手段52に取り込む。この場合、測定時間として例えば30〜60秒程度に設定し、この測定時間の間にわたって手首Qの測定部位の血流の流れを赤外線により検知し(ステップS1)、かかる検知信号をメモリ手段52に取り込む(ステップS2)。   Next, mainly with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 8 together with FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the flow of measurement of respiration and pulse by the respiration and / or pulse measurement device described above will be described. In FIG. 5, in order to measure respiration and pulse, first, detection signals from the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D are transmitted as transmission means 20 (see FIG. 3) and reception means 56 (see FIG. 4). ) Through the memory means 52 of the controller 22. In this case, the measurement time is set to, for example, about 30 to 60 seconds, and the blood flow in the measurement region of the wrist Q is detected by infrared rays over the measurement time (step S1), and the detection signal is stored in the memory means 52. Capture (step S2).

このように検知信号を取り込むと、この検知信号を用いてしきい値の演算が行われ(ステップS3)、このしきい値の演算は、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの各々について同様に行われ、第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)の検知信号を用いて第1呼吸しきい値(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)及び第1脈拍しきい値(第2〜第4脈拍しきい値)の演算が行われる。   When the detection signal is captured in this way, a threshold value is calculated using this detection signal (step S3). The threshold value is calculated by the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D. The same is performed for each, and the first respiration threshold (second to fourth respiration) is performed using the detection signal of the first respiration / pulse detection means 4A (second to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4B to 4D). The threshold value) and the first pulse threshold value (second to fourth pulse threshold values) are calculated.

このしきい値の演算について図6を参照して説明すると、第1呼吸しきい値(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)については、呼吸領域信号生成手段24が測定時間毎の第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)の検知信号を周波数分析して第1呼吸領域信号(0.035〜0.83Hzの領域の信号であって、呼吸信号はこの呼吸領域の周波数範囲に現れる)(第2〜第4呼吸流域信号)を生成し(ステップS3−1)、呼吸しきい値演算手段26は、この測定時間の間にわたっての第1呼吸領域信号(第2〜第4呼吸領域信号)を平均化し(即ち、この信号のスペクトル振幅を平均化する)、この第1呼吸領域信号(第2〜第4呼吸領域信号)の平均値α1に係数C1を積算して第1呼吸しきい値P1(P1=α1×C1)(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)を演算し(S3−2)、演算された第1呼吸しきい値(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)がメモリ手段52に記憶され、第1呼吸領域信号(第2〜第4呼吸領域信号)の呼吸しきい値として設定される。尚、係数C1として例えば2〜3の値(C1=2〜3)が用いられる。   The calculation of this threshold value will be described with reference to FIG. 6. With respect to the first respiratory threshold value (second to fourth respiratory threshold value), the respiratory region signal generation means 24 performs the first respiratory rate for each measurement time. The frequency of the detection signal of the pulse detection unit 4A (second to fourth respiration / pulse detection units 4B to 4D) is analyzed, and the first respiration region signal (0.035 to 0.83 Hz region signal) The signal appears in the frequency range of this breathing region) (second to fourth breathing basin signals) (step S3-1), and the breathing threshold value calculation means 26 performs the first breathing over this measurement time. An area signal (second to fourth breathing area signal) is averaged (that is, the spectrum amplitude of this signal is averaged), and an average value α1 of the first breathing area signal (second to fourth breathing area signal) is obtained. The first breathing threshold value P1 (P1 = α1) is accumulated by the coefficient C1. × C1) (second to fourth respiration threshold) is calculated (S3-2), and the calculated first respiration threshold (second to fourth respiration threshold) is stored in the memory means 52. , Is set as a breathing threshold value of the first breathing region signal (second to fourth breathing region signals). For example, a value of 2 to 3 (C1 = 2 to 3) is used as the coefficient C1.

また、第1脈拍しきい値(第2〜第4脈拍しきい値)については、脈拍領域信号生成手段38が測定時間毎の第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)の検知信号を周波数分析して第1脈拍領域信号(0.83〜02.33Hzの領域の信号であって、脈拍信号はこの脈拍領域の周波数範囲に現れる)(第2〜第4脈拍領域信号)を生成し(ステップS3−4)、脈拍しきい値演算手段40は、この測定時間の間にわたっての第1脈拍領域信号(第2〜第4脈拍領域信号)を平均化し(即ち、この信号のスペクトル振幅を平均化する)、この第1脈拍領域信号(第2〜第4脈拍領域信号)の平均値α2に係数C2を積算して第1脈拍しきい値P2(P2=α2×C2)(第2〜第4脈拍しきい値)を演算し(ステップS3−5)、演算された第1脈拍しきい値(第2〜第4脈拍しきい値)がメモリ手段52に記憶され、第1脈拍領域信号(第2〜第4脈拍領域信号)の脈拍しきい値として設定される(ステップS3−6)。尚、この係数C2についても、上述したと同様に、例えば2〜3の値(C1=2〜3)が用いられる。   For the first pulse threshold value (second to fourth pulse threshold value), the pulse region signal generating means 38 uses the first respiration / pulse detection means 4A (second to fourth respiration / pulse) for each measurement time. The detection signals of the detection means 4B to 4D) are frequency-analyzed and the first pulse region signal (the signal in the region of 0.83 to 2.33 Hz, and the pulse signal appears in the frequency range of this pulse region) (second To the fourth pulse region signal) (step S3-4), and the pulse threshold value calculating means 40 averages the first pulse region signal (second to fourth pulse region signal) over the measurement time. (Ie, averaging the spectral amplitude of this signal), and adding the coefficient C2 to the average value α2 of the first pulse region signal (second to fourth pulse region signals), the first pulse threshold value P2 ( P2 = α2 × C2) (second to fourth pulse threshold values) S3-5), the calculated first pulse threshold value (second to fourth pulse threshold value) is stored in the memory means 52, and the first pulse region signal (second to fourth pulse region signal) is stored. (Step S3-6). For the coefficient C2, as described above, for example, a value of 2 to 3 (C1 = 2 to 3) is used.

このようにして第1〜第4呼吸しきい値が設定されると、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号各々について、1〜第4仮呼吸信号の抽出が行われ(ステップS4)、また第1〜第4脈拍しきい値が設定されると、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号の各々について、第1〜第4仮脈拍信号の抽出が行われる(ステップS5)。   When the first to fourth respiration threshold values are set in this way, the first to fourth temporary respiration signals are extracted for the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D. (Step S4) When the first to fourth pulse threshold values are set, the first to fourth temporary pulse signals are detected for each of the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D. Extraction is performed (step S5).

第1〜第4仮呼吸信号の抽出に関し、呼吸信号抽出手段28は、測定時間毎の第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)の第1呼吸領域信号(0.034〜0.83Hzの領域の信号)(第2〜第4呼吸領域信号)を生成し、呼吸信号抽出手段28は、この第1呼吸領域信号(第2〜第4呼吸領域信号)において第1呼吸しきい値(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)を超えていると呼吸が行われているとして、第1呼吸しきい値(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)を超えている信号部位を仮呼吸信号として抽出する。   Regarding the extraction of the first to fourth temporary breathing signals, the breathing signal extracting means 28 performs the first breathing of the first breathing / pulse detecting means 4A (second to fourth breathing / pulse detecting means 4B to 4D) for each measurement time. A region signal (signal in the region of 0.034 to 0.83 Hz) (second to fourth breathing region signal) is generated, and the breathing signal extraction means 28 generates the first breathing region signal (second to fourth breathing region). Signal) exceeds the first respiration threshold (second to fourth respiration threshold), it is assumed that respiration is performed, and the first respiration threshold (second to fourth respiration threshold) A signal part exceeding the threshold is extracted as a temporary breathing signal.

また、第1〜第4仮脈拍信号の抽出に関し、脈拍信号抽出手段42は、測定時間毎の第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)の第1脈拍領域信号(0.83〜02.33Hzの領域の信号)(第2〜第4脈拍領域信号)を生成し、脈拍信号抽出手段42は、この第1脈拍領域信号(第2〜第4脈拍領域信号)において第1脈拍しきい値(第2〜第4呼吸しきい値)を超えていると脈を打っているとして、第1脈拍しきい値(第2〜第4脈拍しきい値)を超えている信号部位を仮脈拍信号として抽出する。   Further, regarding the extraction of the first to fourth temporary pulse signals, the pulse signal extraction means 42 is the first of the first respiration / pulse detection means 4A (second to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4B to 4D) for each measurement time. One pulse region signal (signal in the region of 0.83 to 2.33 Hz) (second to fourth pulse region signal) is generated, and the pulse signal extraction means 42 generates the first pulse region signal (second to fourth signal). If the first pulse threshold (second to fourth respiratory threshold) is exceeded in the pulse region signal), the first pulse threshold (second to fourth pulse threshold) ) Is extracted as a temporary pulse signal.

このようにして第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号から第1〜第4仮呼吸信号の抽出が行われると、これら第1〜第4仮呼吸信号に呼吸判定処理が行われて実呼吸信号が判定され(ステップS6)、またこれらの検知信号から第1〜第4仮脈拍信号の抽出が行われると、これら第1〜第4仮脈拍信号に脈拍判定処理が行われて実脈拍信号が判定される(ステップS7)。   When the first to fourth temporary respiratory signals are extracted from the detection signals of the first to fourth respiratory / pulse detecting means 4A to 4D in this way, the breath determining process is performed on the first to fourth temporary respiratory signals. When the actual respiratory signal is determined (step S6) and the first to fourth temporary pulse signals are extracted from these detection signals, the pulse determination process is performed on the first to fourth temporary pulse signals. Then, the actual pulse signal is determined (step S7).

第1〜第4実呼吸信号の判定は、多数決処理が適用できる場合(例えば、仮呼吸信号の割合が4:0、3:1又は2:1である場合)には、多数決処理により実呼吸信号の判定が行われ、この多数決処理ができない場合(例えば、仮呼吸信号の割合が2:2又は1:1である場合)には、ピーク値処理により実呼吸信号の判定が行われる。   For the determination of the first to fourth actual breathing signals, when the majority process is applicable (for example, when the ratio of the temporary breathing signal is 4: 0, 3: 1 or 2: 1), the actual breathing is performed by the majority process. When the signal is determined and the majority process cannot be performed (for example, when the ratio of the temporary respiratory signal is 2: 2 or 1: 1), the actual respiratory signal is determined by the peak value processing.

図7を参照して更に説明すると、例えば第2及び第3呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B,4Cの検知信号にて、例えば0.4Hz付近の周波数に第2及び第3仮呼吸信号が含まれ、例えば第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Dの検知信号にて、例えば0.65Hz付近に第4仮呼吸信号が含まれているとすると、仮呼吸信号は0.4Hz付近の二つと、0.65Hz付近の一つとなり、多数決処理が適用される。この場合、ステップS6−1からステップS6−2に進み、多数決判定手段34により多数決処理が行われ、0.4Hzの仮呼吸信号が実呼吸信号と判定され、このときに0.4Hzの実呼吸信号を検知したとしてメモリ手段52に記憶される(ステップS6−4)。   Further explanation with reference to FIG. 7, for example, in the detection signals of the second and third respiration / pulse detection means 4B, 4C, the second and third temporary respiration signals are included at a frequency of, for example, around 0.4 Hz, For example, in the detection signal of the fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4D, if the fourth temporary respiration signal is included in the vicinity of 0.65 Hz, for example, the temporary respiration signal has two near 0.4 Hz and near 0.65 Hz. Majority processing is applied. In this case, the process proceeds from step S6-1 to step S6-2, where the majority decision process is performed by the majority decision unit 34, and the 0.4Hz temporary breathing signal is determined as the actual breathing signal. At this time, the 0.4Hz actual breathing is performed. The signal is detected and stored in the memory means 52 (step S6-4).

また、第2呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Bの検知信号にて、例えば0.4Hz付近の周波数に第2仮呼吸信号が含まれ、例えば第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Dの検知信号にて、例えば0.65Hz付近に第4仮呼吸信号が含まれているとすると、仮呼吸信号は0.4Hz付近の一つと、0.65Hz付近の一つとなり、多数決処理が適用されず、ステップS6−1からステップS6−3に進み、ピーク値判定手段36によりピーク値処理が行われ、例えば第2仮呼吸信号の方がピーク値(スペクトルピーク振幅)が大きいと、この第2仮呼吸信号が実呼吸信号と判定され、このとき0.4Hzの実呼吸信号を検知したとしてメモリ手段52に記憶される(ステップS6−4)。   Further, in the detection signal of the second respiration / pulse detection means 4B, for example, the second temporary respiration signal is included in a frequency near 0.4 Hz. For example, in the detection signal of the fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4D, for example, 0 Assuming that the fourth temporary respiration signal is included in the vicinity of .65 Hz, the temporary respiration signal is one near 0.4 Hz and one near 0.65 Hz, and the majority process is not applied. Proceeding to step S6-3, peak value processing is performed by the peak value determination means 36. For example, if the second temporary respiratory signal has a larger peak value (spectrum peak amplitude), the second temporary respiratory signal is converted into the actual respiratory signal. At this time, the actual breathing signal of 0.4 Hz is detected and stored in the memory means 52 (step S6-4).

また、第1〜第4実脈拍信号の判定は、第1〜第4実呼吸信号の上述した判定と同様に行われ、多数決処理が適用できる場合(例えば、仮脈拍信号の割合が4:0、3:1又は2:1である場合)には、多数決処理により実脈拍信号の判定が行われ、この多数決処理ができない場合(例えば、仮脈拍信号の割合が2:2又は1:1である場合)には、ピーク値処理により実脈拍信号の判定が行われる。   In addition, the determination of the first to fourth actual pulse signals is performed in the same manner as the above-described determination of the first to fourth actual respiratory signals, and the majority process can be applied (for example, the ratio of the temporary pulse signal is 4: 0). 3: 1 or 2: 1), the actual pulse signal is determined by the majority process, and when this majority process is not possible (for example, the ratio of the temporary pulse signal is 2: 2 or 1: 1). In some cases, the actual pulse signal is determined by peak value processing.

図8を参照して更に説明すると、例えば第3及び第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4C,4Dの検知信号にて、例えば2.0Hz付近の周波数に第3及び第4仮脈拍信号が含まれ、例えば第2呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Bの検知信号にて、例えば1.2Hz付近に第2仮脈拍信号が含まれているとすると、仮脈拍信号は2.0Hz付近の二つと、1.2Hz付近の一つとなり、多数決処理が適用される。この場合、ステップS7−1からステップS7−2に進み、多数決判定手段48により多数決処理が行われ、2.0Hzの仮脈拍信号が実脈拍信号と判定され、このときに2.0Hzの実脈拍信号を検知したとしてメモリ手段52に記憶される(ステップS7−4)。   Further explanation with reference to FIG. 8, for example, in the detection signals of the third and fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4C, 4D, the third and fourth temporary pulse signals are included at a frequency of, for example, around 2.0 Hz, For example, in the detection signal of the second respiration / pulse detection means 4B, if the second temporary pulse signal is included in the vicinity of 1.2 Hz, for example, there are two temporary pulse signals in the vicinity of 2.0 Hz and the vicinity of 1.2 Hz. Majority processing is applied. In this case, the process proceeds from step S7-1 to step S7-2, where the majority decision processing is performed by the majority decision determining means 48, and the temporary pulse signal of 2.0 Hz is determined as the actual pulse signal. At this time, the actual pulse of 2.0 Hz is determined. The signal is detected and stored in the memory means 52 (step S7-4).

また、第3呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Cの検知信号にて、例えば2.0Hz付近の周波数に第3仮呼吸信号が含まれ、例えば第2呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Bの検知信号にて、例えば1.2Hz付近に第2仮脈拍信号が含まれているとすると、仮脈拍信号は2.0Hz付近の一つと、1.2Hz付近の一つとなり、多数決処理が適用されず、ステップS7−1からステップS7−3に進み、ピーク値判定手段50によりピーク値処理が行われ、例えば第3仮脈拍信号の方がピーク値(スペクトルピーク振幅)が大きいと、この第3仮呼吸信号が実脈拍信号と判定され、このとき2.0Hzの実脈拍信号を検知したとしてメモリ手段52に記憶される(ステップS7−4)。   Further, in the detection signal of the third respiration / pulse detection means 4C, for example, the third temporary respiration signal is included in a frequency near 2.0 Hz. For example, in the detection signal of the second respiration / pulse detection means 4B, for example, 1 Assuming that the second false pulse signal is included in the vicinity of 2 Hz, the temporary pulse signal is one in the vicinity of 2.0 Hz and one in the vicinity of 1.2 Hz, and the majority process is not applied, and from step S7-1 Proceeding to step S7-3, peak value processing is performed by the peak value determining means 50. For example, if the third temporary pulse signal has a larger peak value (spectrum peak amplitude), the third temporary respiratory signal is converted into an actual pulse signal. At this time, the real pulse signal of 2.0 Hz is detected and stored in the memory means 52 (step S7-4).

この呼吸信号及び脈拍信号の判定について、図9〜図12を参照しながら説明すると、第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A(第2〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4B〜4D)の検知信号の波形は、例えば、図9に示す通りとなり、測定時間における検知信号の大きさを示している。   The determination of the respiration signal and the pulse signal will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 12. Waveforms of detection signals of the first respiration / pulse detection means 4 </ b> A (second to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4 </ b> B to 4 </ b> D). Is as shown in FIG. 9, for example, and indicates the magnitude of the detection signal during the measurement time.

この図9の時間t1における第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号を周波数分析すると、例えば図10に示す通りとなる。この場合、第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、第1〜第4呼吸しきい値P1よりも低く、仮呼吸信号が抽出されることはなく、またそれらの脈拍領域信号は、第1〜第4脈拍しきい値P2よりも低く、仮脈拍信号が抽出されることはない。   When frequency analysis is performed on the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D at time t1 in FIG. 9, for example, the result is as shown in FIG. In this case, the respiratory region signals of the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D are lower than the first to fourth respiration threshold values P1, and no temporary respiration signal is extracted. Moreover, those pulse region signals are lower than the first to fourth pulse threshold values P2, and no temporary pulse signal is extracted.

また、この図9の時間t2における第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号を周波数分析すると、例えば図11に示す通りとなる。この場合、第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Aの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、第1呼吸しきい値P1よりも低く、仮呼吸信号が抽出されることはなく、またその脈拍領域信号は、第1脈拍しきい値P2よりも低く、仮脈拍信号も抽出されることはない。一方、第2呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Bの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、例えば0.4Hzにおいて第2呼吸しきい値P1よりも高く、0.4Hzの第2仮呼吸信号が抽出され、またその脈拍領域信号は、例えば1.2Hzにおいて第2脈拍しきい値P2よりも高く、1.2Hzの第2仮脈拍信号が抽出される。また第3呼吸・脈拍検知手段4C(第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4D)の検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、例えば0.4Hz(0.65Hz)において第3呼吸しきい値P1(第4呼吸しきい値P1)よりも高く、0.4Hz(0.65Hz)の第3仮呼吸信号(第4仮呼吸信号)が抽出され、またその脈拍領域信号は、例えば2.0Hzにおいて第3脈拍しきい値P2(第4脈拍しきい値P2)よりも高く、1.2Hzの第3仮脈拍信号(第4仮脈拍信号)が抽出される。   Further, when the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D at time t2 in FIG. 9 are frequency-analyzed, for example, as shown in FIG. In this case, the breathing region signal of the detection signal of the first breathing / pulse detecting means 4A is lower than the first breathing threshold value P1, the temporary breathing signal is not extracted, and the pulse region signal is The temporary pulse signal is not extracted because it is lower than the one-pulse threshold value P2. On the other hand, the respiration region signal of the detection signal of the second respiration / pulse detection means 4B is higher than the second respiration threshold value P1 at, for example, 0.4 Hz, and a second temporary respiration signal of 0.4 Hz is extracted. The pulse region signal is higher than the second pulse threshold value P2 at 1.2 Hz, for example, and a 1.2 Hz second temporary pulse signal is extracted. Further, the respiratory region signal of the detection signal of the third respiration / pulse detection means 4C (fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4D) is, for example, at 0.4 Hz (0.65 Hz), the third respiration threshold value P1 (fourth respiration). A third temporary respiratory signal (fourth temporary respiratory signal) of 0.4 Hz (0.65 Hz) that is higher than the threshold value P1) is extracted, and the pulse region signal is, for example, the third pulse threshold at 2.0 Hz. A third false pulse signal (fourth temporary pulse signal) of 1.2 Hz that is higher than the value P2 (fourth pulse threshold value P2) is extracted.

この場合、仮呼吸信号に関し、0.4Hzの仮呼吸信号(第2及び第3仮呼吸信号)が二つ、0.65Hzの仮呼吸信号(第4仮呼吸信号)が一つ抽出されているので、呼吸判定手段30は、多数決処理によって0.4Hzの仮呼吸信号を実呼吸信号と判定する。また、仮脈拍信号に関し、2.0Hzの仮脈拍信号(第3及び第4仮脈拍信号)が二つ、1.2Hzの仮脈拍信号(第2仮脈拍信号)が一つ抽出されているので、脈拍判定手段44は、多数決処理によって2.0Hzの仮脈拍信号を実脈拍信号と判定する。   In this case, regarding the temporary breathing signal, two 0.4 Hz temporary breathing signals (second and third temporary breathing signals) and one 0.65 Hz temporary breathing signal (fourth temporary breathing signal) are extracted. Therefore, the respiration determining means 30 determines the temporary respiration signal of 0.4 Hz as the actual respiration signal by the majority process. Further, regarding the temporary pulse signal, two 2.0 Hz temporary pulse signals (third and fourth temporary pulse signals) and one 1.2 Hz temporary pulse signal (second temporary pulse signal) are extracted. The pulse determining means 44 determines the temporary pulse signal of 2.0 Hz as an actual pulse signal by majority processing.

また、この図9の時間t3における第1〜第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4A〜4Dの検知信号を周波数分析すると、例えば図12に示す通りとなる。この場合、第1呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Aの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、第1呼吸しきい値P1よりも低く、またその脈拍領域信号は、第1脈拍しきい値P2よりも低く、第1仮呼吸信号及び第1仮脈拍信号が抽出されることはない。一方、第2呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Bの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、例えば0.4Hzにおいて第2呼吸しきい値P1よりも高く、0.4Hzの第2仮呼吸信号が抽出され、またその脈拍領域信号は、例えば1.2Hzにおいて第2脈拍しきい値P2よりも高く、1.2Hzの第2仮脈拍信号が抽出される。また第3呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Cの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、第3呼吸しきい値P1より低く、第3仮呼吸信号が抽出されることはないが、またその脈拍領域信号は、例えば2.0Hzにおいて第3脈拍しきい値P2よりも高く、2.0Hzの第3仮脈拍信号が抽出される。更に、第4呼吸・脈拍検知手段4Dの検知信号の呼吸領域信号は、例えば0.65Hzにおいて第4呼吸しきい値P1よりも高く、0.65Hzの第4仮呼吸信号が抽出されるが、その脈拍領域信号は、第4脈拍しきい値P2よりも低く、第4仮脈拍信号が抽出されることはない。   Further, when the detection signals of the first to fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4A to 4D at time t3 in FIG. 9 are frequency-analyzed, for example, as shown in FIG. In this case, the breathing region signal of the detection signal of the first breathing / pulse detecting means 4A is lower than the first breathing threshold value P1, and the pulse region signal is lower than the first pulse threshold value P2, One temporary respiratory signal and the first temporary pulse signal are not extracted. On the other hand, the respiration region signal of the detection signal of the second respiration / pulse detection means 4B is higher than the second respiration threshold value P1 at, for example, 0.4 Hz, and a second temporary respiration signal of 0.4 Hz is extracted. The pulse region signal is higher than the second pulse threshold value P2 at 1.2 Hz, for example, and a 1.2 Hz second temporary pulse signal is extracted. In addition, the respiratory region signal of the detection signal of the third respiratory / pulse detecting means 4C is lower than the third respiratory threshold value P1, and the third temporary respiratory signal is not extracted, but the pulse region signal is, for example, A second temporary pulse signal of 2.0 Hz that is higher than the third pulse threshold value P2 at 2.0 Hz is extracted. Furthermore, the respiratory region signal of the detection signal of the fourth respiration / pulse detection means 4D is higher than the fourth respiration threshold value P1 at 0.65 Hz, for example, and the fourth temporary respiration signal of 0.65 Hz is extracted. The pulse region signal is lower than the fourth pulse threshold value P2, and the fourth temporary pulse signal is not extracted.

この場合、仮呼吸信号に関し、0.4Hzの仮呼吸信号(第2仮呼吸信号)が一つ、0.65Hzの仮呼吸信号(第4仮呼吸信号)が一つ抽出されているので、呼吸判定手段30は、ピーク値処理によって仮呼吸信号のピーク値(ピーク値振幅)の大きい(具体的には、ピーク値と呼吸しきい値との比を演算してこの演算値が大きい)の0.65Hzの第4仮呼吸信号を実呼吸信号と判定する。また、仮脈拍信号に関し、1.2Hzの仮脈拍信号(第2仮脈拍信号)が一つ、2.0Hzの仮脈拍信号(第3仮脈拍信号)が一つ抽出されているので、脈拍判定手段44は、ピーク値処理によって仮脈拍信号のピーク値(ピーク値振幅)の大きい(具体的には、ピーク値と脈拍しきい値との比を演算してこの演算値が大きい)2.0Hzの第3仮脈拍信号を実脈拍信号と判定する。   In this case, regarding the temporary breathing signal, one 0.4 Hz temporary respiratory signal (second temporary respiratory signal) and one 0.65 Hz temporary respiratory signal (fourth temporary respiratory signal) are extracted. The determination means 30 has a peak value (peak value amplitude) of the temporary breathing signal that is large by peak value processing (specifically, a ratio between the peak value and the breathing threshold value is calculated and this calculated value is large). The fourth temporary respiratory signal at 65 Hz is determined as the actual respiratory signal. Further, regarding the temporary pulse signal, one 1.2 Hz temporary pulse signal (second temporary pulse signal) and one 2.0 Hz temporary pulse signal (third temporary pulse signal) are extracted. The means 44 has a peak value (peak value amplitude) of the temporary pulse signal that is large by the peak value processing (specifically, a ratio between the peak value and the pulse threshold value is calculated and this calculated value is large) 2.0 Hz. The third temporary pulse signal is determined as an actual pulse signal.

このように実呼吸信号及び実脈拍信号が記憶された後は、呼吸数演算手段32は、この実呼吸信号の数に基づいて呼吸数(例えば、一分間当たりの呼吸数)を演算し(ステップS8)、例えば測定期間が40秒間のときに実呼吸信号を15個検知しているときには呼吸数:24と演算し、この呼吸数がメモリ手段52に記憶される。また、脈拍数演算手段46は、この実脈拍信号の数に基づいて脈拍数(例えば、一分間当たりの脈拍数)を演算し(ステップS9)、例えば測定期間が40秒間のときに実脈拍信号を40個検知しているときには脈拍数:60と演算し、この脈拍数がメモリ手段52に記憶される。そして、演算した呼吸数及び脈拍数が表示装置58に表示され、このようにして手首Qの想定部位に検知器2を装着して呼吸数及び脈拍数を計測することができる。   After the actual breath signal and the actual pulse signal are stored in this way, the respiration rate calculating means 32 calculates the respiration rate (for example, the respiration rate per minute) based on the number of the actual respiration signals (step 1). S8) For example, when 15 actual breathing signals are detected when the measurement period is 40 seconds, the respiration rate is calculated as 24, and this respiration rate is stored in the memory means 52. The pulse rate calculating means 46 calculates the pulse rate (for example, the number of pulses per minute) based on the number of the actual pulse signals (step S9). For example, when the measurement period is 40 seconds, the actual pulse signal is calculated. When 40 are detected, the pulse rate is calculated as 60, and this pulse rate is stored in the memory means 52. Then, the calculated respiratory rate and pulse rate are displayed on the display device 58, and the respiratory rate and pulse rate can be measured by attaching the detector 2 to the assumed part of the wrist Q in this way.

以上、本発明に従う呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明はかかる実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく種々の変形乃至修正が可能である。   As mentioned above, although one Embodiment of the respiration and / or pulse measuring device according to this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this Embodiment, Various deformation | transformation thru | or corrections do not deviate from the scope of the present invention. Is possible.

例えば、上述した実施形態では、検知器2からの検知信号を利用してコントローラ22で呼吸数及び脈拍数を演算するものに適用しているが、このようなものに限定されず、呼吸数又は脈拍数のいずれか一方を演算するものにも同様に適用することができる。例えば呼吸数を測定する測定装置である場合、脈拍領域信号生成手段、脈拍しきい値演算手段、脈拍信号抽出手段、脈拍判定手段及び脈拍演算手段などを省略することができ、また、例えば脈拍数を測定する測定装置である場合、呼吸領域信号生成手段、呼吸しきい値演算手段、呼吸信号抽出手段、呼吸判定手段及び呼吸演算手段などを省略することができる。   For example, in the above-described embodiment, the present invention is applied to the controller 22 that uses the detection signal from the detector 2 to calculate the respiration rate and the pulse rate. The present invention can be similarly applied to a device that calculates either one of the pulse rates. For example, in the case of a measuring device that measures the respiration rate, the pulse region signal generating means, the pulse threshold value calculating means, the pulse signal extracting means, the pulse determining means, and the pulse calculating means can be omitted. In the case of a measuring apparatus that measures the respiratory area signal, the breathing region signal generating means, the breathing threshold value calculating means, the breathing signal extracting means, the breathing determining means, the breathing calculating means, etc. can be omitted.

2 検知器
4A〜4D 呼吸・脈拍検知手段
22 コントローラ
24 呼吸領域信号生成手段
26 呼吸しきい値演算手段
28 呼吸信号抽出手段
30 呼吸判定手段
32 呼吸数演算手段
38 脈拍領域信号生成手段
40 脈拍しきい値演算手段
42 脈拍信号抽出手段
44 脈拍判定手段
46 脈拍数演算手段
2 Detectors 4A to 4D Respiration / pulse detection means 22 Controller 24 Respiration area signal generation means 26 Respiration threshold value calculation means 28 Respiration signal extraction means 30 Respiration determination means 32 Respiration rate calculation means 38 Pulse area signal generation means 40 Pulse threshold Value calculating means 42 Pulse signal extracting means 44 Pulse determining means 46 Pulse rate calculating means

Claims (3)

呼吸及び/又は脈拍を検知するための複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段を備えた検知器と、前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段からの検知信号を所要の通りに処理して呼吸数及び/又は脈拍数を演算するためのコントローラと、を備えた呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置において、
前記コントローラは、呼吸しきい値を演算するための呼吸しきい値演算手段及び/又は脈拍しきい値を演算するための脈拍しきい値演算手段と、前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号から前記呼吸しきい値に基づいて仮呼吸信号を抽出するための呼吸信号抽出手段及び/又は前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の検知信号から前記脈拍しきい値に基づいて仮脈拍信号を抽出するための脈拍信号抽出手段と、前記呼吸信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮呼吸信号に基づいて実際の呼吸である実呼吸信号と判定するための呼吸判定手段及び/又は前記脈拍信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮脈拍信号に基づいて実際の脈拍である実脈拍信号と判定するための脈拍判定手段と、前記実呼吸信号に基づいて呼吸数を演算するための呼吸数演算手段及び/又は前記実脈拍信号に基づいて脈拍数を演算するための脈拍数演算手段と、を備えることを特徴とする呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置。
A detector having a plurality of respiration / pulse detection means for detecting respiration and / or pulse, and processing a detection signal from the plurality of respiration / pulse detection means as required to respiration rate and / or pulse A respiratory and / or pulse measuring device comprising a controller for calculating a number;
The controller includes a respiratory threshold value calculating means for calculating a respiratory threshold value and / or a pulse threshold value calculating means for calculating a pulse threshold value, and detection signals of the plurality of respiratory / pulse detecting means The temporary pulse signal is extracted based on the pulse threshold value from the respiratory signal extraction means for extracting the temporary respiratory signal based on the respiratory threshold value and / or the detection signals of the plurality of respiratory / pulse detection means. A pulse signal extracting means for detecting the actual breathing signal and / or a pulse signal extracting means for determining an actual breathing signal based on the temporary breathing signal extracted by the breathing signal extracting means. A pulse determining means for determining an actual pulse signal that is an actual pulse based on the provisional pulse signal, and a respiratory rate calculating means for calculating a respiratory rate based on the actual respiratory signal Beauty / or the respiratory and / or pulse measuring device and pulse rate calculating means for calculating a pulse rate based on the actual pulse signal, characterized in that it comprises for.
前記呼吸判定手段は、前記呼吸信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮呼吸信号により多数決処理が適用できるときには多数決処理して前記実呼吸信号を判定し、前記多数決処理ができないときにはピーク値処理して前記実呼吸信号を判定し、また前記脈拍判定手段は、前記脈拍信号抽出手段により抽出された前記仮脈拍信号により多数決処理が適用できるときには多数決処理して前記実脈拍信号を判定し、前記多数決処理ができないときにはピーク値処理して前記実脈拍信号を判定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置。   The respiration determining means determines the actual respiration signal by majority processing when majority processing can be applied based on the temporary respiratory signal extracted by the respiratory signal extraction means, and performs peak value processing when the majority processing is not possible. The actual breathing signal is determined, and the pulse determining means determines the actual pulse signal by performing a majority process when a majority process can be applied based on the temporary pulse signal extracted by the pulse signal extracting means. 2. The respiratory and / or pulse measuring device according to claim 1, wherein when it is not possible, peak value processing is performed to determine the actual pulse signal. 前記複数の呼吸・脈拍検知手段の各々は、測定部位に向けて赤外線を発光する発光素子及び前記測定部位からの反射赤外線を受光する受光素子を含むフォトインタラプタと、前記フォトインタラプタからの受光信号の低周波成分を除去する低周波除去手段とを含み、前記前記低周波成分が除去された検知信号が前記コントローラに送給されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の呼吸及び/又は脈拍測定装置。




















Each of the plurality of breathing / pulse detecting means includes a photo interrupter including a light emitting element that emits infrared rays toward a measurement site and a light receiving element that receives reflected infrared rays from the measurement site, and a light reception signal from the photo interrupter. The respiration and / or 2 according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a low-frequency removing means for removing a low-frequency component, wherein the detection signal from which the low-frequency component has been removed is sent to the controller. Pulse measuring device.




















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