JP2015150610A - Friction-agitation jointing method, and friction-agitation joint - Google Patents
Friction-agitation jointing method, and friction-agitation joint Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015150610A JP2015150610A JP2014028413A JP2014028413A JP2015150610A JP 2015150610 A JP2015150610 A JP 2015150610A JP 2014028413 A JP2014028413 A JP 2014028413A JP 2014028413 A JP2014028413 A JP 2014028413A JP 2015150610 A JP2015150610 A JP 2015150610A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/124—Controlling or monitoring the welding process at the beginning or at the end of a weld
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、摩擦撹拌接合方法および摩擦撹拌接合体に関し、詳しくは、金属部材同士を重ね合わせ、一方の金属部材にツールを押し付けて、一方の金属部材と他方の金属部材を摩擦撹拌接合するようにした摩擦撹拌接合方法、およびこの方法によって形成される摩擦撹拌接合体に関する。 The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welded body, and more specifically, metal members are overlapped with each other, a tool is pressed against one metal member, and one metal member and the other metal member are friction stir welded. The present invention relates to a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welding body formed by this method.
従来より、鉄とアルミニウムなどの異種金属材料で形成された金属部材の接合は、一般に溶融溶接や、リベットなどの機械的接合などによって行われてきたが、このようなリベットやボルトを用いた機械的接合では、接合のためにリベットなどの接合資材が必要となり、コスト上昇、重量増加などの課題があるため、近年、上記したような金属部材同士の接合方法として、摩擦撹拌接合(FSW:Friction Stir Welding)が行われるようになった。この摩擦撹拌接合では、図12に示すように、金属部材101,102同士を重ね合わせて、一方の金属部材101に接合用のツール103を回転させながら押し付けて、一方の金属部材101を摩擦熱により軟化させて貫入させるとともに、ツール103の回転力によって一方の金属部材101および他方の金属部材102を撹拌させて塑性流動させることで、一方の金属部材101と他方の金属部材102との接合を行うようにしたものである。 Conventionally, joining of metal members formed of dissimilar metal materials such as iron and aluminum has been generally performed by fusion welding, mechanical joining such as rivets, etc., but machines using such rivets and bolts In general joining, joining materials such as rivets are required for joining, and there are problems such as an increase in cost and an increase in weight. In recent years, as a method for joining metal members as described above, friction stir welding (FSW) (Stir Welding) has been performed. In this friction stir welding, as shown in FIG. 12, the metal members 101 and 102 are overlapped with each other and pressed against one metal member 101 while rotating the welding tool 103, and the one metal member 101 is frictionally heated. And the one metal member 101 and the other metal member 102 are agitated and plastically flowed by the rotational force of the tool 103, thereby joining the one metal member 101 and the other metal member 102 together. It is what I do.
ところで、上記摩擦撹拌接合方法では、その終端部において、ツール103を引き抜く際に穴(以下、ツール穴という)104が形成される(図12(b)および図13参照)。ツ−ル穴104が形成されると、一方の金属部材101と他方の金属部材102との界面105が露出する。このため、界面105が水分などに晒されると、そこで電食が発生してしまう欠点があった。ここで、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部とは、摩擦撹拌接合が完了した部位を指す。すわなち、一端から他端まで摩擦撹拌接合した場合においてはその他端の部位、一端まで摩擦撹拌接合し、折り返して接合しながら中間まで戻ってツールを引き抜いた場合においては、接合が完了したその中間の部位を指す。
また、上記摩擦撹拌接合により鉄とアルミニウムによって形成された異種金属部材同士を接合する場合には、溶融溶接では入熱量が大きいため、金属部材間の界面に脆弱な金属間化合物(Fe2Al5、FeAl3など)が生成されてしまい、接合強度が低下するという不具合があった。
By the way, in the friction stir welding method, a hole (hereinafter referred to as a tool hole) 104 is formed at the end portion when the tool 103 is pulled out (see FIG. 12B and FIG. 13). When the tool hole 104 is formed, the interface 105 between the one metal member 101 and the other metal member 102 is exposed. For this reason, when the interface 105 is exposed to moisture or the like, there is a drawback that electrolytic corrosion occurs there. Here, the terminal portion of the friction stir welding refers to a portion where the friction stir welding is completed. In other words, when friction stir welding is performed from one end to the other end, friction stir welding is performed to the other end, one end, and when the tool is pulled back to the middle while folding and joining, the welding is completed. Refers to the middle part.
Also, when dissimilar metal members formed of iron and aluminum are joined by friction stir welding, the amount of heat input is large in fusion welding, so that an intermetallic compound (Fe2Al5, FeAl3, etc.) that is fragile at the interface between the metal members ) Is generated and the bonding strength is reduced.
さらに、ツール103の先端を他方の金属102に貫入させないで摩擦撹拌接合を行う場合(ツール103の先端が一方の金属材料101内にあり他方の金属材料103に達していない状態で摩擦撹拌接合を行う場合)には、接合強度を大きくするために、界面105とツール103の先端をできるだけ近づける必要がある。その際、ツール103の先端を界面105に近づけすぎると、ツール103を引き抜いた時、ツール103に一方の金属部材101が付着して、ツール穴103の底部が破れ、該一方の金属部材101の終端部のツール穴104が他方の金属部材102まで貫通してしまうおそれがある。この貫通したツール穴104を通じて金属部材101,102同士の界面105(鉄とアルミニウムの接触部)が露出してしまうと、その部位で電食が生じ、接合強度の低下を引き起こす原因となった。このように、ツール103の先端を他方の金属材料102に貫入させない場合でも、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部において界面105が露出してしまう場合があり、このような場合に界面105が水分などに晒されると、該界面で電食が生じてしまう虞れがあった。また、ツール103の先端と界面105の距離が近いほど高い接合強度が得られるが、逆に接合強度が低下してしまうという問題もあった。 Further, when the friction stir welding is performed without the tip of the tool 103 penetrating into the other metal 102 (the friction stir welding is performed in a state where the tip of the tool 103 is in one metal material 101 and does not reach the other metal material 103. In the case of carrying out), it is necessary to bring the interface 105 and the tip of the tool 103 as close as possible in order to increase the bonding strength. At this time, if the tip of the tool 103 is too close to the interface 105, when the tool 103 is pulled out, one metal member 101 adheres to the tool 103, and the bottom of the tool hole 103 is broken, and the one metal member 101 There is a possibility that the tool hole 104 at the end portion may penetrate to the other metal member 102. If the interface 105 (iron-aluminum contact portion) between the metal members 101 and 102 is exposed through the penetrating tool hole 104, galvanic corrosion occurs at that portion, which causes a decrease in bonding strength. As described above, even when the tip of the tool 103 is not penetrated into the other metal material 102, the interface 105 may be exposed at the end of the friction stir welding. In such a case, the interface 105 is exposed to moisture or the like. If this occurs, there is a risk that electrolytic corrosion will occur at the interface. In addition, the shorter the distance between the tip of the tool 103 and the interface 105, the higher the bonding strength can be obtained.
そこで、従来より、特許文献1,2に示すような摩擦撹拌接合方法が提案されている。
特許文献1には、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部の貫通したツール穴を埋めるために、一度接合を完了させた後、ツール穴に充填材を設置して、該ツール穴を再度摩擦撹拌接合することで、上記終端部の接合部における気密性及び水密性を向上させることが開示されている。
また、特許文献2には、異なる金属材料によって形成された金属部材同士を摩擦撹拌接合するものであって、その終端部に凸部などの余肉部を設けることで、該終端部にツール穴が形成しても該ツール穴が貫通しないため、金属部材同士間の界面が露出されず、電食が防止されることが開示されている。
Therefore, conventionally, friction stir welding methods as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been proposed.
In Patent Document 1, in order to fill a tool hole penetrating through the terminal end of friction stir welding, once the welding is completed, a filler is placed in the tool hole, and the tool hole is friction stir welded again. Thus, it is disclosed to improve the air tightness and water tightness at the joint portion of the end portion.
Further, Patent Document 2 is for friction stir welding of metal members formed of different metal materials, and by providing a surplus part such as a convex part at the terminal part, a tool hole is provided at the terminal part. However, it is disclosed that the tool hole does not penetrate even if formed, so that the interface between the metal members is not exposed and electrolytic corrosion is prevented.
しかし、特許文献1に記載の方法では、下記のような課題がある。
すなわち、特許文献1の方法では、一度摩擦撹拌接合した後に、その終端部のツール穴を埋めるために該ツール穴に充填材を設置する工程、および再度接合を実施する工程が必要になる。そのため、工程数が増加してしまう欠点がある。
また、特許文献2に記載の摩擦撹拌接合方法では、下記のような課題がある。
(1) 摩擦撹拌接合の終端部に余肉部を設けるようにしているので、摩擦撹拌接合後の製品の重量が増加してしまう欠点がある。
(2) 展伸材(押出材)などの板厚が均一な金属材料の場合には、特許文献2の方法を使用することができない。そのため、材料選定の自由度が低下してしまう欠点がある。
(3) ツール穴が形成される余肉部のところでは、該余肉部の部位に比べて、ツールの先端と界面の距離が離れている。一方、従来より、ツールの先端と界面の距離を小さく設すると接合強度が向上し、距離が大きく設定すると接合強度が低下することが知られている。そのため、特許文献2の方法では、余肉部以外の部位の界面における接合強度に対して、余肉部のところの界面における接合強度が相対的に低下してしまう。それ故、同方法により接合された部品に応力がかかると、相対的に接合強度の低い余肉部側から優先的に破損し、この破損した部位からき裂が次第に進展したり、該破損した部位に水分などが入り込んで電食が発生してしまうおそれがある。
However, the method described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems.
That is, in the method of Patent Document 1, after friction stir welding is performed, a step of installing a filler in the tool hole and filling the tool hole at the terminal portion in order to fill the tool hole at the end portion and a step of performing the bonding again are necessary. Therefore, there is a drawback that the number of steps increases.
Moreover, the friction stir welding method described in Patent Document 2 has the following problems.
(1) Since the surplus portion is provided at the end of the friction stir welding, there is a drawback that the weight of the product after the friction stir welding increases.
(2) In the case of a metal material having a uniform plate thickness such as wrought material (extruded material), the method of Patent Document 2 cannot be used. Therefore, there is a drawback that the degree of freedom in material selection is reduced.
(3) At the surplus portion where the tool hole is formed, the distance between the tip of the tool and the interface is greater than that of the surplus portion. On the other hand, conventionally, it is known that when the distance between the tip of the tool and the interface is set small, the bonding strength is improved, and when the distance is set large, the bonding strength is lowered. For this reason, in the method of Patent Document 2, the bonding strength at the interface at the surplus portion is relatively lowered with respect to the bonding strength at the interface other than the surplus portion. Therefore, when stress is applied to the parts joined by the same method, damage is preferentially caused from the surplus portion side having relatively low joining strength, and cracks gradually develop from the damaged part, or the damaged part. There is a risk that water will enter the surface and cause electric corrosion.
本発明は上記実状に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的は、異種金属材料から形成された金属部材同士を摩擦撹拌接合するに際して、その接合部において異種金属部材同士が接触する接触部の露出を防止することができる摩擦撹拌接合方法および摩擦撹拌接合体を提供することにあり、詳しくは、特別な追加の工程を設けることなく、また、金属部材に特別な構造を設けることなく、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部と該終端部以外との部位で略同等の接合強度を有し、ツール穴が水分などに晒されても電食が発生せず、かつ、板厚が略均一な金属材料にも適用できる摩擦撹拌接合方法および摩擦撹拌接合体を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a contact portion where dissimilar metal members are in contact with each other when the metal members formed of dissimilar metal materials are friction stir welded together. It is an object of the present invention to provide a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welding assembly that can prevent exposure, and more specifically, without providing a special additional process and without providing a special structure to a metal member. A metal material that has substantially the same bonding strength at the end of the stir welding and the portion other than the end, does not cause electrolytic corrosion even if the tool hole is exposed to moisture, etc., and has a substantially uniform plate thickness Another object of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welding body that can be applied to the above.
本発明では、上記目的を達成するために、少なくとも2つの金属部材を重ね合わせ、一方の金属部材側からツールを押し付けて、これらの金属部材同士を摩擦撹拌接合するようにした摩擦撹拌接合方法において、上記ツールが摩擦撹拌接合の終端部に位置したところで、上記ツールを、水平方向に動かしながら上記一方の金属部材から引き抜くようにしている。
本発明では、上記ツールの水平方向への動きは、該ツールの中心軸が略直線を描くようにしている。
本発明では、上記ツールの水平方向への動きは、該ツールの中心軸が略直線を描きその方向はツール進行方向と異なる方向であることとしている。
本発明では、上記ツールの水平方向への動きは、該ツールの中心軸が多角形を描くようにしている。
本発明では、上記ツールの水平方向への動きは、該ツールの中心軸が略円形を描くようにしている。
本発明では、上記ツールが描く略円形の軌道円の直径は、上記ツールが水平方向に動かない状態で上記一方の金属部材に形成される場合のツール穴の直径の1%以上としている。
本発明では、上記摩擦撹拌接合の終端部において、上記ツールの先端が、上記他方の金属部材まで略達している状態で、若しくは上記他方の金属部材に貫入している状態で、摩擦撹拌接合するようにしている。
本発明では、上記2つの金属部材は、異なる金属材料によって形成されたものとしている。
本発明では、少なくとも2つの金属部材を重ね合わせ、一方の金属部材側からツールを押し付けて、これらの金属部材同士を摩擦撹拌接合し、上記ツールが摩擦撹拌接合の終端部に位置したところで、上記ツールを、水平方向に動かしながら上記一方の金属部材から引き抜くことによって摩擦撹拌接合接合体を形成するようにしている。
In the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, in a friction stir welding method in which at least two metal members are overlapped and a tool is pressed from one metal member side so that these metal members are friction stir welded to each other. When the tool is located at the end of the friction stir welding, the tool is pulled out from the one metal member while moving in the horizontal direction.
In the present invention, the movement of the tool in the horizontal direction is such that the central axis of the tool draws a substantially straight line.
In the present invention, the movement of the tool in the horizontal direction is such that the central axis of the tool draws a substantially straight line, and the direction is different from the tool traveling direction.
In the present invention, the movement of the tool in the horizontal direction is such that the central axis of the tool draws a polygon.
In the present invention, the movement of the tool in the horizontal direction is such that the central axis of the tool draws a substantially circular shape.
In the present invention, the diameter of the substantially circular orbit circle drawn by the tool is set to 1% or more of the diameter of the tool hole when the tool is formed in the one metal member in a state where the tool does not move in the horizontal direction.
In the present invention, at the end of the friction stir welding, friction stir welding is performed with the tip of the tool substantially reaching the other metal member or penetrating into the other metal member. I am doing so.
In the present invention, the two metal members are formed of different metal materials.
In the present invention, at least two metal members are overlapped, a tool is pressed from one metal member side, the metal members are friction stir welded, and when the tool is located at the terminal end of the friction stir welding, The tool is pulled out from the one metal member while moving in the horizontal direction to form a friction stir bonded assembly.
上述の如く、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合方法によれば、少なくとも2つの金属部材を重ね合わせ、一方の金属部材側からツールを押し付けて、これらの金属部材同士を摩擦撹拌接合するようにした摩擦撹拌接合方法において、上記ツールが摩擦撹拌接合の終端部に位置したところで、上記ツールを、水平方向に動かしながら上記一方の金属部材から引き抜くようにしているので、上記ツールを引き抜く際に生じるツール穴を、この引き抜きの際にツールで撹拌された一方の金属部材(特に、ツールの側面部分の金属)により埋めて、露出した他方の金属部材を覆うことができる。これにより、以下のような効果を得ることができる。
・両金属部材同士の界面の露出を防止するために、摩擦撹拌接合した後に充填材などを設置する必要が無い。すなわち、摩擦撹拌接合の工程のみで良く、工程数は増加しない。
・界面の露出を防止するために、終端部に余肉部を設ける必要がない。そのため、重量が増加しない。
・展伸材などの板厚が均一な材料においても、両金属部材同士の界面の露出を防止できる。そのため、材料選定の自由度が向上する。
・摩擦撹拌接合の終端部におけるツールの先端と界面の距離を可及的に小さくすることができるため、終端部の部位と終端部以外の部位とのいずれにおいても、ツールの先端と界面の距離を略同じにすることができる。そのため、終端部の部位と終端部以外の部位のいずれにおいても、略同等の高い接合強度が得られる。したがって、同方法により接合された接合体に応力がかかっても、同接合体が全体に渡って略均一な高い接合強度を有するために破損し難くなり、仮に破損することがあったとしても、上記終端部が優先的に破損するおそれはない。結果として、同方法により接合された接合体が破損することはないため、両金属部材同士の界面のところに水が入り込むことはなく、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部が外周部に接している場合でも水が入り込む隙間が生じず、電食の発生を防止することができる。
As described above, according to the friction stir welding method according to the present invention, at least two metal members are overlapped, and a tool is pressed from one metal member side so that these metal members are friction stir welded together. In the stir welding method, when the tool is located at the end of the friction stir welding, the tool is pulled out from the one metal member while moving in the horizontal direction, so a tool hole generated when the tool is pulled out. Can be filled with one metal member (particularly the metal on the side surface of the tool) that has been stirred with the tool at the time of pulling to cover the other exposed metal member. Thereby, the following effects can be obtained.
-In order to prevent the exposure of the interface between both metal members, it is not necessary to install a filler after the friction stir welding. That is, only the friction stir welding process is required, and the number of processes does not increase.
・ To prevent the interface from being exposed, there is no need to provide a surplus portion at the end. Therefore, the weight does not increase.
-Even in a material having a uniform thickness such as a wrought material, exposure of the interface between the two metal members can be prevented. Therefore, the freedom degree of material selection improves.
-The distance between the tip of the tool and the interface at the end of the friction stir welding can be made as small as possible, so the distance between the tip of the tool and the interface at both the end and the non-terminal Can be made substantially the same. Therefore, substantially the same high joint strength can be obtained in both the end portion and the portion other than the end portion. Therefore, even if stress is applied to the joined body joined by the same method, since the joined body has a substantially uniform high joint strength throughout, it is difficult to break, and even if it may break. There is no possibility that the terminal portion will be preferentially damaged. As a result, since the joined body joined by the same method is not damaged, water does not enter the interface between the two metal members, and even when the terminal portion of the friction stir welding is in contact with the outer peripheral portion. There is no gap for water to enter, and the occurrence of electrolytic corrosion can be prevented.
以下、本発明に係る摩擦撹拌接合方法および摩擦撹拌接合体の実施の形態について、図1〜図11を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
本実施形態に係る摩擦撹拌接合方法は、図1〜図3に示すように、異種の金属材料から形成された2つの金属部材1,2重ね合わせて配置し、摩擦撹拌接合用のツール10を回転させながら一方の金属部材1の表面に押し付けて加圧し、接触させて発熱させることにより金属部材1,2同士の接合を行うようにしたものであって、金属部材1,2の接合が終わる終端部3にツール10が達したところで、該ツール10全体を該終端部近傍の金属部材1,2に対して水平方向に動かしながら引き抜くようにして摩擦撹拌接合体20を形成するようにしている。ここで、図1および図2(a)に示した矢印は摩擦撹拌接合に際してツール10の移動方向を示し、同図は金属部材1,2同士が帯状に摩擦撹拌接合される様子を示している。なお、上記した接合用ツール10としては、例えば、図4(a)に示すように、ショルダー11とプローブ(突起)12を合わせたものである。金属部材1,2を成す異種の金属材料としては、例えば、鉄、アルミニウム、マグネシウム等であり、これらのうちから選択された2種である。また、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3とは、摩擦撹拌接合が完了した部位であって、一端から他端まで摩擦撹拌接合した場合においてはその他端の部位(図5(a)参照)、一端まで摩擦撹拌接合し、折り返して接合しながら中間まで戻ってツール10を引き抜いた場合においては、接合が完了したその中間の部位(図5(b))をいう。図2、図3および図5において、13は摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3において、ツール10を引き抜く際に形成されるツール穴であり、14はツール10のショルダー11の押圧によって一方の金属部材1の上面に形成されたショルダー穴であり、15は金属部材1,2が合わさって形成される界面である。以下、実施例について具体的に説明する。
Hereinafter, embodiments of a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welding assembly according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
In the friction stir welding method according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, two metal members 1 and 2 formed from different kinds of metal materials are superposed and arranged, and a tool 10 for friction stir welding is provided. The metal members 1 and 2 are joined to each other by being pressed against the surface of one metal member 1 while being rotated and brought into contact to generate heat. When the tool 10 reaches the end portion 3, the entire tool 10 is pulled out while moving in the horizontal direction with respect to the metal members 1 and 2 in the vicinity of the end portion, so that the friction stir joined body 20 is formed. . Here, the arrows shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2A indicate the moving direction of the tool 10 during the friction stir welding, and the figure shows the state in which the metal members 1 and 2 are friction stir welded in a band shape. . In addition, as the above-described joining tool 10, for example, as shown in FIG. 4A, a shoulder 11 and a probe (projection) 12 are combined. Examples of the different metal materials forming the metal members 1 and 2 include iron, aluminum, and magnesium, and two types selected from these. The friction stir welding end portion 3 is a portion where the friction stir welding is completed. When friction stir welding is performed from one end to the other end, the other end portion (see FIG. 5A), to one end. When friction stir welding is performed, and the tool 10 is pulled out by returning to the middle while being folded and joined, the middle part (FIG. 5B) where the joining is completed is referred to. 2, 3, and 5, reference numeral 13 denotes a tool hole formed when the tool 10 is pulled out at the end portion 3 of the friction stir welding, and reference numeral 14 denotes one metal member 1 by pressing the shoulder 11 of the tool 10. And 15 is an interface formed by joining the metal members 1 and 2 together. Examples will be specifically described below.
下記の両実施例で使用する摩擦撹拌接合用ツール10としては、図1に一点鎖線で示すように、円筒状のショルダー11とプローブ12からなるものを採用した。両実施例とも、図1および図2に示すように、異種の金属材料で形成された2つの金属部材1,2を重ね合わせて、ツール10を回転させながら被接合部材である金属部材1,2に挿入するようにして、摩擦撹拌接合を実施した。両実施例において、被接合部材である金属部材1,2として、上板に2.0mmのアルミ板AC4CH、下板に2.0mmの軟鋼板を採用した。両実施例の接合条件は、ショルダー径φ12[mm]、プローブ径φ5[mm]、プローブ長さ1.7[mm]の超硬合金製の接合ツールを用いて、回転数1500[rpm]、ツール挿入量1.9[mm]、ツール引き抜き速度20[mm/min]とした。なお、接合ツールは前進角として3度傾けている。 As the friction stir welding tool 10 used in both the following examples, a tool composed of a cylindrical shoulder 11 and a probe 12 was adopted as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. In both embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, two metal members 1 and 2 formed of different kinds of metal materials are overlapped, and the metal member 1 that is a member to be joined is rotated while the tool 10 is rotated. Friction stir welding was carried out as shown in FIG. In both examples, 2.0 mm aluminum plate AC4CH was used for the upper plate and 2.0 mm mild steel plate was used for the lower plate as the metal members 1 and 2 as the members to be joined. The joining conditions of both examples are as follows: a cemented carbide joining tool having a shoulder diameter of φ12 [mm], a probe diameter of φ5 [mm], and a probe length of 1.7 [mm], and a rotational speed of 1500 [rpm], The tool insertion amount was 1.9 [mm], and the tool drawing speed was 20 [mm / min]. The joining tool is inclined 3 degrees as the advance angle.
<実施例1>
本実施例では、材質の異なる2つの金属部材1,2を重ね合わせて配置し、ツール10を回転させながら上板である一方の金属部材1の表面に接触させ、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部においてツール10を水平方向に動かしながら一方の金属部材1から引き抜く場合と、比較のために、従来方法として、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3においてツール10をそのまま上方へ垂直に引抜くだけの場合の2通りの接合を実施した。
図6は、本実施例の場合における摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3の様子を示すもので、ツール10を引き抜きの際に、移動速度10[mm/min]で水平方向に動かしながら該ツールを引き抜いた結果、上記終端部3付近の材料に塑性流動を生じさせ、その材料でもって上記終端部3に生じたツール穴13に充填され、上記終端部3に他方の金属部材2の鉄の露出は認められず、異種金属接触部位の露出が防止されていることが確認できる。これに対して、図7から明らかなように、従来方法では、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3においてツール10をそのまま上方へ引抜いた結果、ツール穴13が貫通して他方の金属部材2の鉄が露出しているのが確認できる。
<Example 1>
In the present embodiment, two metal members 1 and 2 of different materials are arranged in an overlapping manner, and the tool 10 is rotated and brought into contact with the surface of one metal member 1 that is the upper plate. When the tool 10 is pulled out from one metal member 1 while moving in the horizontal direction, and for comparison, as a conventional method, the tool 10 is simply pulled out vertically as it is at the terminal end 3 of the friction stir welding. Was carried out.
FIG. 6 shows a state of the end portion 3 of the friction stir welding in the case of the present embodiment. When the tool 10 is pulled out, the tool 10 is pulled out while moving in the horizontal direction at a moving speed of 10 mm / min. As a result, a plastic flow is generated in the material in the vicinity of the terminal end 3 and the tool hole 13 generated in the terminal end 3 is filled with the material, and the iron of the other metal member 2 is exposed to the terminal end 3. It is not recognized, and it can be confirmed that exposure of the dissimilar metal contact portion is prevented. On the other hand, as is apparent from FIG. 7, in the conventional method, as a result of the tool 10 being pulled out as it is at the end portion 3 of the friction stir welding, the tool hole 13 penetrates and the iron of the other metal member 2 is removed. You can see that it is exposed.
<実施例2>
本実施例では、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3において、ツール10を引き抜く際に、図8および図9に示すように、ツール10の中心軸が略円を描くように動かしながら引き抜く接合を行った。ツール10の引き抜きの際の円運動の軌道円4の直径d1を変化させて接合を実施した。その試験結果を下記の表1に示す。ツール10が水平方向に動かない状態で一方の金属部材1に形成される場合のツール穴13(表1では初期ツール穴という。)の直径d2(=5mm)に対して、ツール10の軌道円4の直径d1を0mm〜2.5mm(ツール穴13の直径d1の0〜50%)として接合試験を行った結果、鉄の露出を完全に覆うことが可能であった。表1から明らかなように、本実施例におけるツール10の引き抜き時の軌道円4の直径d1は、少なくとも1%以上に設定すればよく、上記実施例1と同様な効果を得ることができる。
In this embodiment, when the tool 10 is pulled out at the terminal end portion 3 of the friction stir welding, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the tool 10 is pulled out while moving so that the center axis of the tool 10 draws a substantially circle. . Joining was performed by changing the diameter d1 of the orbital circle 4 of the circular motion when the tool 10 was pulled out. The test results are shown in Table 1 below. The orbital circle of the tool 10 with respect to the diameter d2 (= 5 mm) of the tool hole 13 (referred to as the initial tool hole in Table 1) when the tool 10 is formed in one of the metal members 1 without moving in the horizontal direction. As a result of the joining test with the diameter d1 of 4 being 0 mm to 2.5 mm (0 to 50% of the diameter d1 of the tool hole 13), it was possible to completely cover the iron exposure. As is apparent from Table 1, the diameter d1 of the orbital circle 4 when the tool 10 is pulled out in this embodiment may be set to at least 1%, and the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
また、上記実施例では、ツール10の先端が、他方の金属部材2まで達しない場合、すなわち、ツール穴13が貫通されていない場合に適用したが、本発明はこれに限らず、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3において、ツール10の先端が、他方の金属部材2まで略達している状態で、若しくは他方の金属部材2に貫入している状態で、摩擦撹拌接合するようにしても良い。この場合には、ツール穴13を通して一時的に界面15が露出するが、ツール10を水平方向に動かしながら引き上げることにより、このツール穴13の貫通を塞ぐことができ、上記実施例の場合と同様に、界面15の露出を防止できる。
なお、ツール10の先端を他方の金属部材2に貫入させない場合においても、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3において、一方の金属部材1から押し付けられたツール10の先端が、他方の金属部材2まで略達していれば、すなわち、ツール10の先端と界面15の距離が0mmを超え0.2mm以下であれば、ツール10を水平方向に動かしながら引き上げることにより、高い接合強度が得られ、たとえツール穴13の底をなす薄肉部が破損した場合においても、界面15の露出を防止できる。その結果、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3における異種金属接触部位の露出を抑制し、接合終端部の電食を防止することができる。
Moreover, in the said Example, although applied when the front-end | tip of the tool 10 does not reach the other metal member 2, ie, when the tool hole 13 is not penetrated, this invention is not restricted to this, Friction stir welding In the terminal portion 3, friction stir welding may be performed in a state where the tip of the tool 10 substantially reaches the other metal member 2 or penetrates the other metal member 2. In this case, the interface 15 is temporarily exposed through the tool hole 13, but by pulling up the tool 10 while moving it in the horizontal direction, the penetration of the tool hole 13 can be blocked, as in the case of the above embodiment. Furthermore, the exposure of the interface 15 can be prevented.
Even when the tip of the tool 10 is not penetrated into the other metal member 2, the tip of the tool 10 pressed from one metal member 1 at the terminal end portion 3 of the friction stir welding is substantially up to the other metal member 2. If it has reached, that is, if the distance between the tip of the tool 10 and the interface 15 is more than 0 mm and 0.2 mm or less, a high joint strength can be obtained by pulling up the tool 10 while moving it in the horizontal direction. Even when the thin portion forming the bottom of 13 is broken, exposure of the interface 15 can be prevented. As a result, the exposure of the dissimilar metal contact part in the terminal part 3 of friction stir welding can be suppressed, and the electrolytic corrosion of the terminal part of joining can be prevented.
なお、上記実施例では、ツール10を引き上げる際に、該ツールを水平方向に動かしたが、このツール10の水平方向への動きは、図10に示すように略直線を描くようなツール10の進行方向の往復動またはツール10の進行方向とは異なる方向の往復動であっても良く、図11に示すように該ツール10の中心軸が多角形、例えば三角形や四角形などを描くように移動するようにしても良い。これにより、上記実施例の場合と同様に、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3付近の材料が塑性流動してツール穴13を充填することができので、いずれの動作でも異種金属接触部位の露出を防止する効果を得ることができる。図10および図11において、矢印はツール10の中心軸の軌道を示す。
また、上記実施例では、プローブ12を有するツール10について説明したが、本発明はこれに限らず、プローブ12を有さないツール10(例えば、特開2012−50996に開示のツール、あるいは図4(b)参照)を用いても良い。このようなプローブ12を有さないツール10を用いて摩擦撹拌接合する際には、該ツールそのものを回転させつつ、水平方向に移動させながら引き抜くようにすればよく、同様の効果を得ることができる。これにより、ツール10の側面部分の金属材料を塑性流動させて、摩擦撹拌接合の終端部3における異種金属接触部位の露出を防止できるとともに、接合終端部において電食が発生するのを防止することができる。
以上、本発明の実施の形態につき述べたが、本発明は既述の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想に基づいて各種の変形及び変更が可能である。
In the above embodiment, when the tool 10 is pulled up, the tool is moved in the horizontal direction. However, the movement of the tool 10 in the horizontal direction is such that the tool 10 draws a substantially straight line as shown in FIG. It may be a reciprocating motion in the traveling direction or a reciprocating motion in a direction different from the traveling direction of the tool 10, and the center axis of the tool 10 moves so as to draw a polygon, for example, a triangle or a quadrangle as shown in FIG. You may make it do. As a result, the material near the terminal end 3 of the friction stir welding can be plastically flowed to fill the tool hole 13 as in the case of the above-described embodiment, so that the exposure of the dissimilar metal contact portion is prevented in any operation. Effect can be obtained. 10 and 11, arrows indicate the trajectory of the central axis of the tool 10.
In the above embodiment, the tool 10 having the probe 12 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the tool 10 not having the probe 12 (for example, the tool disclosed in JP2012-50996 or FIG. (See (b)) may be used. When friction stir welding is performed using the tool 10 that does not have the probe 12 as described above, the tool itself may be rotated and pulled out while being moved in the horizontal direction, and the same effect can be obtained. it can. Thereby, the metal material of the side surface portion of the tool 10 can be plastically flowed to prevent the exposure of the dissimilar metal contact portion at the terminal end portion 3 of the friction stir welding, and to prevent the occurrence of electrolytic corrosion at the terminal end portion of the tool 10. Can do.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.
1,2 金属部材
1,2 金属部材
3 終端部
4 軌道円
10 ツール
11 ショルダー
12 プローブ
13 ツール穴
14 ショルダー穴
15 界面
20 摩擦撹拌接合体
101、102 異種金属部材
103 ツール
104 ツール穴
105 界面
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 2 Metal member 1, 2 Metal member 3 End part 4 Orbit circle 10 Tool 11 Shoulder 12 Probe 13 Tool hole 14 Shoulder hole 15 Interface 20 Friction stir joined body 101, 102 Dissimilar metal member 103 Tool 104 Tool hole 105 Interface
Claims (9)
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JP2014028413A JP6300077B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2014-02-18 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welded body |
PCT/JP2015/053595 WO2015125659A1 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-02-10 | Friction stir bonding method and friction stir bonded substance |
CN201580000122.3A CN105324206A (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-02-10 | Friction stir bonding method and friction stir bonded substance |
DE112015000014.3T DE112015000014T5 (en) | 2014-02-18 | 2015-02-10 | Friction stir welding method and friction stir welded body |
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JP2017205774A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2017-11-24 | 東芝機械株式会社 | Friction agitation joint method, and friction agitation joint device |
JP2019034313A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-03-07 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Bonded joint |
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KR20220000352A (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2022-01-03 | 케이힌 람테크 가부시키가이샤 | Method for manufacturing a metal structure |
JP7526466B2 (ja) | 2020-06-25 | 2024-08-01 | 京浜ラムテック株式会社 | 金属構造体の製造方法 |
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2014
- 2014-02-18 JP JP2014028413A patent/JP6300077B2/en active Active
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2015
- 2015-02-10 DE DE112015000014.3T patent/DE112015000014T5/en active Pending
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US10384305B2 (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2019-08-20 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Metal joining method and metal-joined member |
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KR20220000352A (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2022-01-03 | 케이힌 람테크 가부시키가이샤 | Method for manufacturing a metal structure |
KR102578674B1 (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2023-09-13 | 케이힌 람테크 가부시키가이샤 | Method for manufacturing a metal structure |
JP7526466B2 (ja) | 2020-06-25 | 2024-08-01 | 京浜ラムテック株式会社 | 金属構造体の製造方法 |
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CN105324206A (en) | 2016-02-10 |
WO2015125659A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
DE112015000014T5 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
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