JP2015134845A - Dehydration and desalination method of used superabsorbent polymers and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Dehydration and desalination method of used superabsorbent polymers and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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JP2015134845A
JP2015134845A JP2014005624A JP2014005624A JP2015134845A JP 2015134845 A JP2015134845 A JP 2015134845A JP 2014005624 A JP2014005624 A JP 2014005624A JP 2014005624 A JP2014005624 A JP 2014005624A JP 2015134845 A JP2015134845 A JP 2015134845A
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superabsorbent polymer
dehydration
used superabsorbent
desalting
electrodes
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JP6293492B2 (en
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忠治 藤原
Tadaharu Fujiwara
忠治 藤原
洋一郎 北野
Yoichiro Kitano
洋一郎 北野
悠也 國政
Yuya Kunimasa
悠也 國政
修治 迫原
Shuji Sakohara
修治 迫原
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Hiroshima Recycle Initiative NPO
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for processing products containing superabsorbent polymers such as used paper diapers, which, even when processing the same by incineration, suppresses emission of dioxin, does not incur wall damage of the incinerator, and can process economically and in a short time, and to provide an apparatus therefor.SOLUTION: The method comprises: a contact step of contacting, between opposing electrodes, used super absorbent polymers with the electrodes and having contact resistance reduced; and a dehydration and desalination step where salts are separated by carrying out an ion exchange between a dissociated basic ion of the used superabsorbent polymer and a hydrogen ion generated by electrolysis of water by forming an electric field between the electrodes while contacting the polymers and the electrodes, and inducing dehydration of the superabsorbent polymers by contraction of the same due to suppression of ionic dissociation.

Description

本発明は、紙おむつ等に使用されている使用済み高吸水性ポリマー（以下、ＳＡＰとも記載する。）からの脱水脱塩方法及びその装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for dehydrating and desalting from a used superabsorbent polymer (hereinafter also referred to as SAP) used in disposable diapers and the like, and an apparatus therefor.

高吸水性ポリマーやパルプ成分等からなる使用済み紙おむつの処理としては、通常は一般廃棄物として焼却処分されている。   As processing of used paper diapers composed of a superabsorbent polymer, pulp components, etc., they are usually incinerated as general waste.

また、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーを焼却しない処理技術としては、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの再生方法であって、使用済みの高吸水性ポリマーを多価金属塩水溶液で処理する工程および多価金属塩水溶液で処理した高吸水性ポリマーをアルカリ金属塩水溶液で処理する工程を含む方法が開示されている（特許文献１参照。）。そして、前記使用済みの高吸水性ポリマーを多価金属塩水溶液で処理する工程の処理方法として、撹拌することが開示されている。   In addition, as a treatment technique that does not incinerate the used superabsorbent polymer, a method for regenerating the used superabsorbent polymer, the step of treating the used superabsorbent polymer with a polyvalent metal salt aqueous solution, and a polyvalent metal A method including a step of treating a superabsorbent polymer treated with an aqueous salt solution with an aqueous alkali metal salt solution is disclosed (see Patent Document 1). And stirring is disclosed as a processing method of the process of processing the said used superabsorbent polymer with polyvalent metal salt aqueous solution.

特開２０１３−１９８８６２号公報JP2013-198862A

紙おむつにはポリアクリル酸ナトリウム等を含有する高吸水性ポリマーが含まれており、該高吸水性ポリマーは難脱水性を有するために使用済み紙おむつには尿を含む水分が多量に含まれている。このため使用済み紙おむつを焼却処分するときには、焼却時間がかかり焼却コストが高くなるという問題があり、吸水性ポリマー由来のナトリウムイオンやカリウムイオンによって、焼却炉耐火レンガの耐火温度が１３００℃から約６００℃まで低下する、炉壁のシリカとの反応によって水ガラス化し炉壁が損傷する、尿由来の塩素イオン等の各種の塩類によってダイオキシンが排出される等の問題があった。そして、前記問題を顕在化させないためには、使用済み紙おむつを少量ずつ分けて焼却処分しなければならず、焼却時間や焼却コストがかかるという問題があった。   The paper diaper contains a superabsorbent polymer containing sodium polyacrylate and the like, and since the superabsorbent polymer has poor dehydration property, the used paper diaper contains a large amount of water including urine. . For this reason, when the used paper diaper is incinerated, there is a problem that the incineration time is increased and the incineration cost is increased, and the fireproof temperature of the incinerator refractory brick is about 1600 ° C. to about 600 by sodium ions or potassium ions derived from the water-absorbing polymer. There are problems such as a decrease in temperature to 0 ° C, water vitrification due to reaction with silica on the furnace wall, damage to the furnace wall, and dioxins being discharged by various salts such as urine-derived chlorine ions. And in order not to make the said problem manifest, there existed a problem that used paper diaper had to be incinerated and disposed in small quantities, and incineration time and incineration cost were required.

特許文献１に記載の方法は、吸水した使用済み高吸水性ポリマーを脱水させるために、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーを多価金属塩水溶液に浸漬し撹拌しなければならず、アルカリ土類金属塩や遷移金属塩等の多価金属塩を必要とし処理コストが高くなるという問題があった。   In the method described in Patent Document 1, in order to dehydrate a used superabsorbent polymer that has absorbed water, the used superabsorbent polymer must be immersed in a polyvalent metal salt aqueous solution and stirred. And polyvalent metal salts such as transition metal salts are required, resulting in a high processing cost.

また、吸水した使用済み吸水性ポリマーを多価金属塩水溶液に浸漬し撹拌し、脱水に要する時間は特許文献１の段落［００１６］に記載されているように１０分以上、さらに好ましい時間は４０〜９０分であり、脱水時間がかかるという問題もあった。   Further, the used water-absorbing polymer that has absorbed water is immersed in an aqueous polyvalent metal salt solution and stirred, and the time required for dehydration is 10 minutes or more as described in paragraph [0016] of Patent Document 1, and a more preferable time is 40. There was also a problem that it took ~ 90 minutes and dehydration time was required.

そこで、本発明の課題は、使用済み紙おむつ等の吸水性ポリマー含む製品を、低コスト、短時間で脱水脱塩処理して、焼却処分する場合であっても、ダイオキシンの排出が抑制され、焼却炉の炉壁損傷が生じない方法及びその装置を提供することである。   Accordingly, the object of the present invention is to reduce the emission of dioxins even when a product containing a water-absorbing polymer such as used paper diapers is subjected to dehydration and desalting treatment at low cost in a short time and incinerated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for preventing furnace wall damage of a furnace.

請求項１に記載の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１であって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を対向させた電極８間で該電極８と当接させて接触抵抗を減じさせる当接工程４、前記当接させながら前記電極８間に電場を形成して前記使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の塩基解離イオンと水の電気分解によって生じた水素イオンとのイオン交換を実施して塩類を分離させると共に、イオン解離の抑制による高吸水性ポリマーの収縮によって脱水を生じさせる脱水脱塩工程５を備えることを特徴とする。   The dewatering and desalting method 1 of a used superabsorbent polymer according to claim 1 is a dehydrating and desalting method 1 of a used superabsorbent polymer between the electrodes 8 facing the used superabsorbent polymer 7. A contact step 4 for abutting the electrode 8 to reduce contact resistance, and forming an electric field between the electrodes 8 while abutting the electrode 8 to generate electricity of base dissociated ions of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and water It is characterized by having a dehydration and desalting step 5 in which dehydration is caused by contraction of the superabsorbent polymer by suppressing ion dissociation while performing ion exchange with hydrogen ions generated by decomposition to separate salts.

請求項２に記載の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２であって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を対向させた電極８間で該電極８と当接させて接触抵抗を減じさせる当接手段４０、前記当接させながら前記電極８間に電場を形成して前記使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の塩基解離イオンと水の電気分解によって生じた水素イオンとのイオン交換を実施して塩類を分離させると共に、イオン解離の抑制による高吸水性ポリマーの収縮によって脱水を生じさせる脱水脱塩手段５０を備えることを特徴とする。   The dewatering and desalting apparatus 2 for used superabsorbent polymer according to claim 2 is a dewatering and desalting apparatus 2 for used superabsorbent polymer between the electrodes 8 facing the used superabsorbent polymer 7. A contact means 40 for reducing the contact resistance by contacting the electrode 8, and forming an electric field between the electrodes 8 while contacting the base 8 to dissociate base dissociated ions of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and water A dehydrating and desalting means 50 is provided that performs ion exchange with hydrogen ions generated by decomposition to separate salts and causes dehydration by contraction of the superabsorbent polymer by suppressing ion dissociation.

請求項１及び２に記載の発明は、多価金属塩やアルカリ土類金属塩を使用しないでかつ液体中に浸漬させないという簡易な方法又は装置によって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７からの脱水及び脱塩を極めて短時間に実現できるという効果を奏する。   The inventions according to claims 1 and 2 are characterized in that dehydration from the used superabsorbent polymer 7 can be achieved by a simple method or apparatus in which a polyvalent metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt is not used and is not immersed in a liquid. There is an effect that desalting can be realized in a very short time.

また、難脱水性を有することとなるナトリウムイオンやカリウムイオンを分離して脱水させて、その後の再吸水性を防止できるので、水分含有量の僅少の使用済みＳＡＰ７自体又は使用済みＳＡＰ７を使用した製品を焼却することから、燃料コスト等のランニングコストを安くできるという効果を奏する。   In addition, since sodium ions and potassium ions that are difficult to dehydrate can be separated and dehydrated to prevent subsequent water absorption, the used SAP7 itself or the used SAP7 having a small water content was used. Since the product is incinerated, the running cost such as fuel cost can be reduced.

さらに、高吸水性ポリマー自体に含有されるナトリウムイオンやカリウムイオン、及び、尿由来の塩素イオン等の各種の塩類を使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から脱塩させるので、ダイオキシン問題が解消でき、焼却炉の炉壁に損傷を生じさせにくくし、補修工事などのメンテナンスコストを安価化でき、塩類の影響が生じにくくなるので一度に大量に焼却できるという効果を奏する。   Furthermore, since various salts such as sodium ions and potassium ions contained in the superabsorbent polymer itself and chlorine ions derived from urine are desalted from the used superabsorbent polymer 7, the dioxin problem can be solved and incinerated. It is difficult to cause damage to the furnace wall of the furnace, the maintenance cost for repair work and the like can be reduced, and the influence of salts is less likely to occur, so that a large amount can be incinerated at a time.

そして、使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から脱水脱塩ができるので、従来はリサイクルが困難であったが、セメント材などの、塩類や水分が排除されていることを要件とする様々な材料や製品への再利用やイオン交換樹脂等への再利用が可能になるという効果を奏する。   And since dehydration and desalting can be performed from the used superabsorbent polymer 7 such as used paper diapers, it has been difficult to recycle in the past, but it is required that salts and moisture such as cement materials are excluded. There is an effect that it can be reused for various materials and products, and reused for ion exchange resins.

本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法のフロー図である。It is a flowchart of the dehydration desalting method of the used superabsorbent polymer of this invention. 本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーのバッチ処理のタイプの脱水脱塩装置の構成の一例を説明する構成説明図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a configuration explanatory view illustrating an example of a configuration of a dehydration and desalination apparatus of a type of batch treatment of used superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention. 本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの連続処理のタイプの脱水脱塩装置の構成の一例を説明する、電極自体が電界形成と搬送を担う装置の構成説明図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is composition explanatory drawing of the apparatus which an electrode itself bears an electric field formation and conveyance explaining an example of the structure of the dehydration desalination apparatus of the type of continuous processing of the used superabsorbent polymer of this invention. 本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの連続処理のタイプの脱水脱塩装置の構成の一例を説明する、電極自体が電界形成し、コンベアが搬送を担う装置の構成説明図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is composition explanatory drawing of the apparatus in which the electrode itself forms an electric field and a conveyor bears conveyance explaining an example of a structure of the dehydration desalination apparatus of the type of continuous processing of the used superabsorbent polymer of this invention.

本発明に係る使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１は、図１に示すように、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を対向させた電極８間で該電極８と当接させて接触抵抗を減じさせる当接工程４、前記当接させながら前記電極８間に電場を形成して前記使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の塩基解離イオンと水の電気分解によって生じた水素イオンとのイオン交換を実施して塩類を分離させると共に、イオン解離の抑制による高吸水性ポリマーの収縮によって脱水を生じさせる脱水脱塩工程５を備える。そして、当接工程４の前工程として使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の破砕、洗浄又は滅菌を実施する前準備３、及び脱水脱塩工程５の後工程として使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の組織内に残留している水を脱水させる後処理６が実施される。   As shown in FIG. 1, the dewatering and desalting method 1 of a used superabsorbent polymer according to the present invention involves contacting the used superabsorbent polymer 7 with the electrode 8 between the opposed electrodes 8 and contacting resistance. An abutting step 4 for reducing the amount of ion exchange between the base dissociated ions of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and hydrogen ions generated by electrolysis of water by forming an electric field between the electrodes 8 while abutting. A dehydration and desalting step 5 is provided that separates the salts and causes dehydration by contraction of the superabsorbent polymer by suppressing ion dissociation. Then, preparation 3 for carrying out crushing, washing or sterilization of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 as a pre-process of the abutting process 4 and the structure of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 as a post-process of the dehydration desalting process 5 A post-treatment 6 is performed to dewater the water remaining in the water.

高吸水性ポリマーは、親水性が高くかつ高い水分保持性を有する高分子からなる製品であり、吸水性や保水性を必要とする製品に使用され、例えば、高吸収性ポリマーとパルプとを混合させて、紙おむつ、生理用品、携帯簡易トイレ等に使用され、他には園芸用保水材、ドリップ吸収材、結露防止剤又は芳香剤等に使用されている。また、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムを顆粒状にした高吸水性ポリマーは紙おむつや生理用品に使用されている。   Superabsorbent polymer is a product made of a polymer with high hydrophilicity and high water retention, and is used in products that require water absorption and water retention. For example, superabsorbent polymer and pulp are mixed. It is used for paper diapers, sanitary products, portable toilets, etc., and is also used for gardening water retention materials, drip absorbents, anti-condensation agents, or fragrances. In addition, superabsorbent polymers in the form of granules of sodium polyacrylate are used in disposable diapers and sanitary products.

使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７とは、水又は尿等の液体を吸収した後の高吸水性ポリマーを意味し、高吸水性ポリマーは高い保水性を有しゲルの形態を有している。また、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２にセットする前準備３として、使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含む商品を、破砕し洗浄しておく。さらに前準備３として滅菌処理を実施することもあるが、滅菌処理は使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１の過程で実施してもよい。ここで、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含有した製品に替えてもよく、該製品の場合も使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７と同じ効果を奏する。   The used superabsorbent polymer 7 means a superabsorbent polymer after absorbing a liquid such as water or urine. The superabsorbent polymer has high water retention and has a gel form. In addition, as a preparation 3 for setting the used superabsorbent polymer dehydration desalination apparatus 2, a product including the used superabsorbent polymer 7 such as a used paper diaper is crushed and washed. Further, sterilization may be performed as preparation 3, but the sterilization may be performed in the course of the dehydration and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer. Here, the used superabsorbent polymer 7 may be replaced with a product containing the used superabsorbent polymer 7, and the same effect as the used superabsorbent polymer 7 is obtained in the case of the product.

使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７と電極８とを当接させて使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７と電極８との接触抵抗をゼロ化する当接手段４０と、該当接手段４０の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７当接面に配設された電極８で電場を形成する脱水脱塩手段５０と、該電極８を含む脱水脱塩手段５０及び当接手段４０と接続された電源１１と、該電極８間に通電させる電圧や通電時間及び当接させる力や当接時間を制御する制御装置１２と、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から脱水脱塩された液体を収容する収容容器１３を備える。   The used superabsorbent polymer dehydration desalination apparatus 2 abuts the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and the electrode 8 so that the contact resistance between the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and the electrode 8 becomes zero. Means 40, dehydrating and desalting means 50 for forming an electric field with electrode 8 disposed on the contact surface of used superabsorbent polymer 7 of corresponding contacting means 40, dehydrating and desalting means 50 including electrode 8, and A power source 11 connected to the contact means 40, a control device 12 for controlling the voltage to be energized between the electrodes 8, the energizing time, the abutting force and the abutting time, and dehydration and desalting from the used superabsorbent polymer 7. A storage container 13 for storing the liquid is provided.

使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の脱水脱塩処理をバッチ処理する場合は、例えば図２に示すような電極８部分が上下動する構造を備え、連続処理する場合は、例えば図３に示すような電極８部分がベルト状で回転する構造を備える。   The dewatering and desalting apparatus 2 for the used superabsorbent polymer has a structure in which the electrode 8 portion moves up and down as shown in FIG. In the case of continuous processing, for example, the electrode 8 portion as shown in FIG.

図２に示すようなバッチ処理の形態の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を上側電極８、２１と下側電極８、２２で挟む対向する電極８と、上側電極２１を上下動させる当接手段４０と、上側電極８、２１と下側電極８、２２等により電場を形成する脱水脱塩手段５０と、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から滲出する液体を収容する収容容器１３と、電極８を含む脱水脱塩手段５０及び当接手段４０と接続された電源１１、当接手段４０及び脱水脱塩手段５０を制御する制御機器１２を備える。   The dewatering and desalting apparatus 2 for a used superabsorbent polymer in the form of batch processing as shown in FIG. 2 is an opposing electrode sandwiching a used superabsorbent polymer 7 between upper electrodes 8 and 21 and lower electrodes 8 and 22. 8, a contact means 40 for moving the upper electrode 21 up and down, a dehydration and desalting means 50 for forming an electric field by the upper electrodes 8, 21 and the lower electrodes 8, 22 and the like, and exudation from the used superabsorbent polymer 7. And a control device 12 that controls the power supply 11 connected to the dehydrating and desalting means 50 including the electrode 8 and the abutting means 40, and the abutting means 40 and the dehydrating and desalting means 50.

図３に示すような連続処理の形態の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を破砕、洗浄及び滅菌処理する前準備機器３１と、前準備が完了した使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置２に搬送するコンベア３２と、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を回転するベルト状の上側電極８、２１とベルト状の下側電極８、２２間で挟む対向する電極８等により電場を形成する脱水脱塩手段５０と、上側電極２１及び下側電極２２を回転駆動させながら上側電極２１と下側電極２２間の間隔を入口側は広くし出口側を狭くしていくベルトプレス機構２０の構成からなる当接手段４０と、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から滲出する液体を収容する収容容器１３と、電極８を含む脱水脱塩手段及び当接手段４０と接続された電源１１と、当接手段４０及び脱水脱塩手段５０を制御する制御機器１２と、脱水脱塩した使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を搬出するコンベア３３とを備える。また、コンベア３２、３３及びベルト状電極８のそれぞれの出口側には処理対象物を剥ぎ取るためのプレート（図示なし）が配設されている。図２に示す構造の装置の場合は、ベルト状で移動する電極８自体が電場形成と使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の搬送を担う。   The dewatering and desalting apparatus 2 for the used superabsorbent polymer in the form of continuous treatment as shown in FIG. 3 is a preparatory device 31 for crushing, washing and sterilizing the used superabsorbent polymer 7, and the preparatory preparation is completed. A conveyor 32 for transporting the used superabsorbent polymer 7 to the dewatering and desalting apparatus 2 for the used superabsorbent polymer, belt-like upper electrodes 8, 21 for rotating the used superabsorbent polymer 7, and a belt-like The dehydration and desalting means 50 for forming an electric field by the opposing electrode 8 sandwiched between the lower electrodes 8 and 22, and the distance between the upper electrode 21 and the lower electrode 22 while rotating the upper electrode 21 and the lower electrode 22. A contact means 40 having a configuration of a belt press mechanism 20 that widens the inlet side and narrows the outlet side, a storage container 13 that stores liquid exuding from the used superabsorbent polymer 7, and an electrode 8. Dehydration Power supply 11 connected to the contact means 40 and the contact means 40, the control device 12 for controlling the contact means 40 and the dehydration and desalting means 50, and a conveyor 33 for carrying out the dewatered and desalted used superabsorbent polymer 7. Prepare. Further, plates (not shown) for stripping off the object to be processed are disposed on the exit sides of the conveyors 32 and 33 and the belt-like electrode 8. In the case of the apparatus having the structure shown in FIG. 2, the electrode 8 itself moving in a belt shape is responsible for forming an electric field and transporting the used superabsorbent polymer 7.

また、図４には、固設された複数の対向する電極８、２１、２２が電場を形成し、回転するベルト３４、３５が使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の搬送を担う構造の装置を示している。コンベア３２、３３及びベルト３４、３５のそれぞれの出口側には処理対象物を剥ぎ取るためのプレート（図示なし）が配設されている。この装置の場合には脱水脱塩過程で、例えばプラス極とマイナス極を電極単位で交互に極の極性を切り替えることができる等、電極ごとに任意に電極の極性を設定することができる。   Further, FIG. 4 shows an apparatus having a structure in which a plurality of fixed electrodes 8, 21, 22 fixedly form an electric field, and rotating belts 34, 35 carry the used superabsorbent polymer 7. ing. Plates (not shown) for stripping off the object to be processed are disposed on the exit sides of the conveyors 32 and 33 and the belts 34 and 35, respectively. In the case of this apparatus, in the dehydration and desalting process, the polarity of the electrode can be arbitrarily set for each electrode, for example, the polarity of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be switched alternately for each electrode.

当接手段４０は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７と電極８間の接触抵抗をゼロ化させる手段であればよく、例えば図３に示すような使用済みＳＡＰを回転するベルト型電極８で挟むベルトプレス機構２０、又は図２に示すような使用済みＳＡＰを上下動する平板型電極８で挟む形態であるスクリュープレス機構、モーター回転を往復運に変えた機構、空圧シリンダーで往復動させた機構や油圧シリンダーで往復動させた機構等がある。また、当接させる方向は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を挟みながら当接可能な方向であればよく、例えば上下方向や左右方向がある。   The abutting means 40 may be any means that makes the contact resistance between the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and the electrode 8 zero. For example, a belt sandwiching a used SAP as shown in FIG. A press mechanism 20 or a screw press mechanism in which a used SAP as shown in FIG. 2 is sandwiched between plate electrodes 8 that move up and down, a mechanism that changes motor rotation to reciprocation, and a mechanism that reciprocates with a pneumatic cylinder. And a mechanism reciprocated by a hydraulic cylinder. Moreover, the direction to contact | abut should just be a direction which can be contact | abutted on both sides of the used superabsorbent polymer 7, for example, there exist an up-down direction and a left-right direction.

電極８は、当接手段４０と被当接対象物である使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７との間に介在するように当接手段４０側に配設され、被当接対象物の脱水や脱塩させたい部位に電場を形成できればよく、例えば図３に示すベルトプレス機構２０の場合のベルト状、図２に示す上下動のプレス機構の場合の平板状、あるいは、図４に示す柱状体又は板状体等がある。   The electrode 8 is disposed on the abutting means 40 side so as to be interposed between the abutting means 40 and the used superabsorbent polymer 7 that is the object to be abutted. It is sufficient if an electric field can be formed at a site to be salted. For example, a belt shape in the case of the belt press mechanism 20 shown in FIG. 3, a flat plate shape in the case of the vertical movement press mechanism shown in FIG. 2, or a columnar body shown in FIG. There are plate-like bodies.

対向する電極８のプラス極やマイナス極の配置は電場が形成されれば、対向する方向は上下方向又はや左右方向のうちのどちらでもよい。また、電極８のプラス極とマイナス極の設定については、脱水脱塩工程５においてプラス極とマイナス極とを変えない設定にしてもよいし、又は脱水脱塩工程５においてプラス極とマイナス極とを脱水脱塩過程の途中で入れ替えてもよい。いずれにおいても使用済みＳＡＰからの滲出された水が落下しやすい極性の方に合わせて極性を設定するのがよい。電極８の極性の入れ替えは、上側電極２１と下側電極２２で電気的にプラス極とマイナス極を入替する形態、又は、上側電極２１がプラス極で下側電極２２がマイナス極からなる電極８の領域と、上側電極２１がマイナス極で下側電極２２がプラス極からなる電極８の領域とを交互に連続して設置する形態によりできる。   As long as an electric field is formed, the opposing direction of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the opposing electrode 8 may be either the vertical direction or the horizontal direction. Further, regarding the setting of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrode 8, the positive electrode and the negative electrode may not be changed in the dehydration and desalting process 5, or the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be set in the dehydration and desalting process 5. May be replaced during the dehydration and desalting process. In any case, it is preferable to set the polarity in accordance with the polarity in which the water exuded from the used SAP easily falls. The polarity of the electrode 8 can be changed by electrically switching the positive electrode and the negative electrode between the upper electrode 21 and the lower electrode 22, or the electrode 8 in which the upper electrode 21 is a positive electrode and the lower electrode 22 is a negative electrode. And the area of the electrode 8 in which the upper electrode 21 is a negative pole and the lower electrode 22 is a positive pole.

電源１１は、商用電源１１や蓄電池等があり、前記電極８間に電流を流して、該電極間に電場を形成する。   The power source 11 includes a commercial power source 11 and a storage battery, and a current flows between the electrodes 8 to form an electric field between the electrodes.

制御装置１２は、当接させるときの圧力や当接時間を制御し、電極８間に流す電圧や通電時間を制御する。さらには、例えばベルトプレス機構２０の場合には、ベルト速度等のベルト駆動に関する制御など装置の作動に関する制御も行う。   The control device 12 controls the pressure and the contact time for contact, and controls the voltage and energization time flowing between the electrodes 8. Further, for example, in the case of the belt press mechanism 20, control related to the operation of the apparatus such as control related to belt driving such as belt speed is also performed.

収容容器１３は、液体を収容する容器であればよく、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の脱水脱塩過程で滲出した液体を収容する容器である。   The storage container 13 may be any container that stores liquid, and is a container that stores liquid that has been leached during the dehydration and desalting process of the used superabsorbent polymer 7.

次に、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の脱水脱塩方法１について説明する。まず、前準備３として、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の場合には洗浄し滅菌処理を実施し、又は、使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含む商品の場合には破砕し洗浄し滅菌処理を実施する。滅菌処理については脱水脱塩工程５で実施してもよい。   Next, the dehydration and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 will be described. First, as preparation 3, in the case of used superabsorbent polymer 7, it is washed and sterilized, or in the case of products containing used superabsorbent polymer 7 such as used paper diapers, it is crushed and washed. And sterilize. Sterilization treatment may be performed in the dehydration and desalting step 5.

洗浄によって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７又は使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含む製品の表面には水が付着しており導電性が確保されている。ここで、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７、又は使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の導電性を高めるために、使用済みＳＡＰ又は使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済みＳＡＰを含有する製品に対して電解液を吹きかけたり、使用済みＳＡＰ又は使用済み紙おむつ等の使用済みＳＡＰを含有する製品を電解液槽に浸漬させてもよい。   By washing, water adheres to the surface of the product including the used superabsorbent polymer 7 or the used superabsorbent polymer 7 such as a used paper diaper, so that conductivity is secured. Here, in order to increase the conductivity of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 or the used superabsorbent polymer 7 such as a used paper diaper, a product containing a used SAP such as a used SAP or a used paper diaper is used. Alternatively, the electrolytic solution may be sprayed, or a product containing used SAP such as used SAP or used paper diaper may be immersed in the electrolytic bath.

そして、当接工程４である。当接手段が上下動するプレス機構の場合は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を開放した当接手段４０の間にセットする。または、当接手段４０がベルトプレス機構２０の場合は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を当接手段４０の間に挟入するようにセットする。   And it is the contact process 4. FIG. In the case of a press mechanism in which the contact means moves up and down, the used superabsorbent polymer 7 is set between the opened contact means 40. Alternatively, when the contact means 40 is the belt press mechanism 20, the used superabsorbent polymer 7 is set so as to be sandwiched between the contact means 40.

そして、制御装置１２を操作して、プレス機構の場合は上側電極８を下降させて設定圧力で使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７と当接し、電極８と使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７との接触抵抗をゼロ化にする。又は、ベルトプレス機構２０の場合は、ベルトを回転させて設定圧力で使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を当接し、電極８と使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７との接触抵抗をゼロ化にしながら搬送する。   Then, by operating the control device 12, in the case of a press mechanism, the upper electrode 8 is moved down to contact the used superabsorbent polymer 7 at a set pressure, and the contact resistance between the electrode 8 and the used superabsorbent polymer 7. To zero. Alternatively, in the case of the belt press mechanism 20, the belt is rotated so that the used superabsorbent polymer 7 is brought into contact with the set pressure, and the electrode 8 and the used superabsorbent polymer 7 are conveyed while zeroing the contact resistance. .

当接手段４０が、上下動機構やベルトプレス機構のいずれであっても、設定圧をかけて当接させたのみでは、高い保水力を有するゲル状の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から液体は全く滲出してこない。ここで、設定圧は、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７と電極８との接触抵抗をゼロ化する目的で挟む設定圧であり、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を押圧させて含有している液体を滲出させる目的の設定圧ではない。   Regardless of whether the abutting means 40 is a vertical movement mechanism or a belt press mechanism, the liquid is removed from the gel-like used superabsorbent polymer 7 having a high water retention force only by abutting with a set pressure. It does not exude at all. Here, the set pressure is a set pressure that is sandwiched for the purpose of zeroing the contact resistance between the used superabsorbent polymer 7 and the electrode 8, and a liquid containing the used superabsorbent polymer 7 by pressing is contained. It is not the set pressure for the purpose of exudation.

次に、脱水脱塩工程５である。設定された圧力で当接しながら、制御装置１２を操作して設定した電圧や通電時間により電極８間に電場を形成する。   Next, it is dehydration desalting step 5. While abutting with the set pressure, an electric field is formed between the electrodes 8 by operating the control device 12 and the set voltage or energization time.

高吸水性ポリマーはポリアクリル酸ナトリウムやポリアクリル酸カリウム等から組成されている。そのため、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７、又は使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含む製品に通電すると、まずポリアクリル酸ナトリウムからナトリウムイオンが分離し水素イオンとイオン交換がされ、又は、ポリアクリル酸カリウムからカリウムが分離し水素イオンとイオン交換がなされる。これによって、高吸収性ポリマーの収縮が起こり、ナトリウムイオン又はカリウムイオン等の塩類が使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７から除去される。   The superabsorbent polymer is composed of sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate, or the like. Therefore, when electricity is applied to the used superabsorbent polymer 7 or a product containing the used superabsorbent polymer 7, sodium ions are first separated from sodium polyacrylate and ion-exchanged with hydrogen ions, or potassium polyacrylate Potassium is separated from the water and ion exchanged with hydrogen ions. Thereby, shrinkage of the superabsorbent polymer occurs, and salts such as sodium ions or potassium ions are removed from the used superabsorbent polymer 7.

次に、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の収縮によって高吸水性ポリマー、又は高吸水性ポリマーを含有する製品から水が下方にしずくとなって垂れ落ちてくる。図２において下側の電極８及び電極８受け台は例えばスリット状に孔部が形成されており、該しずくが該スリット状の孔部を通過して収容容器１３に収容される。   Next, due to the shrinkage of the used superabsorbent polymer 7, water drips downward from the superabsorbent polymer or the product containing the superabsorbent polymer. In FIG. 2, the lower electrode 8 and the electrode 8 pedestal have holes formed in, for example, a slit shape, and the drops pass through the slit-shaped hole portions and are stored in the storage container 13.

したがって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を、液体槽を使用せずに空間において電極８で挟んで電場を形成することによってイオン交換を生じさせて、脱水効果と脱塩効果が生ずる。ここで、高吸水性ポリマーの収縮によって離水して垂れ落ちてくる液体は吸水した液体含有量の約８０〜９０重量％である。そして、残量としての約１０〜１５重量％は高吸水性ポリマーの保水力によりまだ保水されている水が残量となっているのではなく、高吸水性ポリマー、又は高吸水性ポリマーを含有する製品を構成する物体の組織に付着している水が残量となっている。   Accordingly, the used superabsorbent polymer 7 is sandwiched between the electrodes 8 in a space without using a liquid tank to form an electric field, thereby causing ion exchange, resulting in a dehydration effect and a desalting effect. Here, the liquid that falls off by dripping due to the shrinkage of the superabsorbent polymer is about 80 to 90% by weight of the absorbed liquid content. And about 10 to 15% by weight as the remaining amount is not the amount of water that is still retained by the water-retaining ability of the highly water-absorbing polymer, but contains a highly water-absorbing polymer or a highly water-absorbing polymer. The amount of water adhering to the tissue of the object that constitutes the product is the remaining amount.

前記収容容器１３に収容された液体には、ナトリウムイオン又はカリウムイオン等の塩類が、液体槽を使用して液中でイオン交換させた場合に比較して希釈されずに存しているので、該イオンを取り出しやすく他の用途に利用しやすいという効果もある。   In the liquid stored in the storage container 13, salts such as sodium ions or potassium ions exist without being diluted as compared with the case where ions are exchanged in the liquid using a liquid tank. There is also an effect that the ions can be easily taken out and used for other purposes.

さらに、後処理６として、収縮した使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７又は使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含む製品に対して、押圧をかける、遠心分離させる、乾燥させる、電気泳動又は電気浸透させる等の脱水作業を加える。使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７、又は使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７を含む製品から一般的に知られている脱水方法を実施することにより、高吸水性ポリマー、又は高吸水性ポリマーを含有する製品の組織に付着し残量となっている水を出し尽くす。   Further, as post-processing 6, the used superabsorbent polymer 7 that has shrunk or a product containing the used superabsorbent polymer 7 is pressed, centrifuged, dried, electrophoresed or electroosmotically, etc. Add dehydration work. By performing a dehydration method generally known from the used superabsorbent polymer 7 or a product containing the used superabsorbent polymer 7, the superabsorbent polymer or the product containing the superabsorbent polymer The water remaining on the tissue is exhausted.

次に、本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の脱水脱塩方法又は装置の実施例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。   Next, although the Example of the dehydration desalination method or apparatus of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 of this invention is shown, this invention is not limited to these.

本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１の脱水効果を確認した。使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７として、３種の試料を準備した。試料として、純水であるならば５００ｃｃを吸水可能な高吸水性ポリマー０．５ｇに、大人の尿約一回分の純水を吸水させて２２０ｇの吸水済みポリマーを準備した。吸水率は約４００倍である。   The dehydration effect of the dewatering and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer of the present invention was confirmed. Three types of samples were prepared as the used superabsorbent polymer 7. As a sample, if water was pure water, 0.5 g of a highly water-absorbing polymer capable of absorbing 500 cc was absorbed into about 1 urine of adult urine to prepare 220 g of water-absorbed polymer. The water absorption is about 400 times.

電圧８０Ｖ、通電時間１分で、使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７２２０ｇが３２ｇに減量した。脱水率は約８５％である。   With a voltage of 80 V and an energization time of 1 minute, 7220 g of the used superabsorbent polymer was reduced to 32 g. The dehydration rate is about 85%.

本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１の脱水効果を確認した。純水４０ｃｃを吸水した吸水後の重量を４０ｇとし、吸水後の高吸水性ポリマーを本発明である使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の脱水脱塩方法１を１分実施した場合（イ）、吸水後の高吸水性ポリマーを１００℃で低温乾燥を６０分実施した場合（ロ）、吸水後のペーパー（チリ紙）を１００℃で定温乾燥を６０分実施した場合（ハ）について脱水率（重量％）を比較した。その結果を表１に示す。   The dehydration effect of the dewatering and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer of the present invention was confirmed. When the weight after water absorption of 40 cc of pure water is 40 g and the water-absorbing polymer 1 after water absorption is subjected to the dewatering and desalting method 1 of the used water-absorbing polymer 7 according to the present invention for 1 minute (i) Dehydration rate (weight) when the superabsorbent polymer is subjected to low temperature drying at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes (b), and the paper after water absorption (chile paper) is subjected to constant temperature drying at 100 ° C. for 60 minutes (c) %). The results are shown in Table 1.

Figure 2015134845
Figure 2015134845

表１より、本願発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１を実施した場合が最も早くかつ最も多く脱水したことが示された。さらに、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１を使用しない場合には、ナトリウムイオンの潮解性の影響により保水力が残存していることを示唆している。   From Table 1, it was shown that the dehydration and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer of the present invention was the fastest and most dehydrated. Furthermore, when the dehydration and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer is not used, it is suggested that the water retention capacity remains due to the effect of deliquescence of sodium ions.

本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法１の脱塩効果を確認した。なお、純水はナトリウムイオン濃度０である。
試料ニは、ＳＡＰ（住友精化株式会社、ＳＡ６０Ｓ）０．２００ｇを純水３００ｃｃに２０分間浸漬し８１．４ｇの試料を取り出した。試料ホは、ＳＡＰ（住友精化株式会社、ＣＡ１８０Ｎ）０．２００ｇを純水３００ｃｃに２０分間浸漬し６５ｇの試料を取り出した。 The desalting effect of the dehydrated desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer of the present invention was confirmed. Pure water has a sodium ion concentration of 0.
As the sample D, 0.200 g of SAP (Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd., SA60S) was immersed in 300 cc of pure water for 20 minutes, and an 81.4 g sample was taken out. As a sample ho, 0.200 g of SAP (Sumitomo Seika Co., Ltd., CA180N) was immersed in 300 cc of pure water for 20 minutes, and a 65 g sample was taken out.

試料ニ及び試料ホともに、電圧８０Ｖ、通電時間１分を実施した。その結果、試料ニは重量が１１．９ｇ（分離水約７０ｃｃ）となり、ｐＨが１１．８９で、離水中のナトリウムイオン濃度が２２３ｍｇ／Ｌ（０．００９７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）であった。また、試料ホは重量が１１．５ｇ（分離水約５４ｃｃ）となり、ｐＨが１１．８０で、離水中のナトリウムイオン濃度が１５４ｍｇ／Ｌ（０．００６７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）であった。   Both sample D and sample e were subjected to a voltage of 80 V and an energization time of 1 minute. As a result, the sample D had a weight of 11.9 g (approximately 70 cc of separated water), a pH of 11.89, and a sodium ion concentration in the water of 223 mg / L (0.0097 mol / L). The sample ho weighed 11.5 g (approximately 54 cc of separated water), had a pH of 11.80, and had a sodium ion concentration of 154 mg / L (0.0067 mol / L) in the water.

したがって、ＳＡＰ構成成分であるポリアクリル酸ナトリウムのナトリウムイオンが脱落したことが示唆されている。   Therefore, it is suggested that the sodium ion of sodium polyacrylate, which is a SAP constituent, has dropped out.

本発明の使用済み高吸水性ポリマー７の脱水脱塩方法１による吸水性が失われる現象を確認した。純水を２０分間浸漬させて吸水させたＳＡＰ１００ｇを電圧８０Ｖで通電時間１分処理した結果、ＳＡＰ重量は１７．５ｇに減量された。この状態から再度純水に２０分間浸漬させ再吸水させた結果、再吸水後にＳＡＰに付着した水を取りきれない状態で測定すると２２ｇであった。このことは、ＳＡＰ構成成分であるポリアクリル酸ナトリウムのナトリウムイオンが脱落したことによって吸水性が失われることを示唆している。   The phenomenon that water absorption by the dehydration and desalting method 1 of the used superabsorbent polymer 7 of the present invention was lost was confirmed. As a result of treating 100 g of SAP that had been immersed in pure water for 20 minutes to absorb water at a voltage of 80 V for 1 minute, the SAP weight was reduced to 17.5 g. As a result of immersing again in pure water from this state for 20 minutes and reabsorbing water, the amount of water adhering to the SAP after reabsorption was measured to be 22 g. This suggests that the water absorption is lost due to the sodium ion of sodium polyacrylate, which is a SAP component, dropping off.

１ 使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法
２ 使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置
３ 前準備
４ 当接工程
５ 脱水脱塩工程
６ 後処理
７ 使用済み高吸水性ポリマー
８ 電極
１１ 電源
１２ 制御装置
１３ 収容容器
２０ ベルトプレス機構
２１ 電極
２２ 電極
３１ 前準備機器
３２ コンベア
３３ コンベア
３４ ベルト
３５ ベルト
４０ 当接手段
５０ 脱水脱塩手段 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dehydration desalination method of used superabsorbent polymer 2 Dehydration desalination apparatus 3 of used superabsorbent polymer Preliminary preparation 4 Contact process 5 Dehydration desalination process 6 Post-processing 7 Used superabsorbent polymer 8 Electrode 11 Power supply DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 Control apparatus 13 Container 20 Belt press mechanism 21 Electrode 22 Electrode 31 Preparation equipment 32 Conveyor 33 Conveyor 34 Belt 35 Belt 40 Contact means 50 Dehydration desalination means

Claims (2)

使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法であって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーを対向させた電極間で該電極と当接させて接触抵抗を減じさせる当接工程、前記当接させながら前記電極間に電場を形成して前記使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの塩基解離イオンと水の電気分解によって生じた水素イオンとのイオン交換を実施して塩類を分離させると共に、イオン解離の抑制による高吸水性ポリマーの収縮によって脱水を生じさせる脱水脱塩工程を備えることを特徴とする使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩方法。   A method for dehydrating and desalting a used superabsorbent polymer, wherein the abutting step reduces the contact resistance by bringing the used superabsorbent polymer into contact with the electrodes facing each other, and An electric field is formed between the electrodes to perform ion exchange between the base dissociated ions of the used superabsorbent polymer and hydrogen ions generated by water electrolysis to separate salts, and to absorb water by suppressing ion dissociation. A dehydrating and desalting method for used superabsorbent polymer, comprising a dehydrating and desalting step of causing dehydration by contraction of the conductive polymer. 使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置であって、使用済み高吸水性ポリマーを対向させた電極間で該電極と当接させて接触抵抗を減じさせる当接手段、前記当接させながら前記電極間に電場を形成して前記使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの塩基解離イオンと水の電気分解によって生じた水素イオンとのイオン交換を実施して塩類を分離させると共に、イオン解離の抑制による高吸水性ポリマーの収縮によって脱水を生じさせる脱水脱塩手段を備えることを特徴とする使用済み高吸水性ポリマーの脱水脱塩装置。   A dehydration and desalination apparatus for used superabsorbent polymer, wherein the abutment means reduces the contact resistance by abutting the used superabsorbent polymer between the electrodes facing each other, while An electric field is formed between the electrodes to perform ion exchange between the base dissociated ions of the used superabsorbent polymer and hydrogen ions generated by water electrolysis to separate salts, and to absorb water by suppressing ion dissociation. A dehydrating and desalting apparatus for used superabsorbent polymer, comprising dehydrating and desalting means for causing dehydration by contraction of the conductive polymer.
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WO2017115861A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2017-07-06 株式会社日本触媒 Method for producing water absorbent resin
JPWO2017115861A1 (en) * 2015-12-28 2018-10-18 株式会社日本触媒 Method for producing water absorbent resin
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