JP2015077584A - Desalination plant - Google Patents

Desalination plant Download PDF

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JP2015077584A
JP2015077584A JP2013225947A JP2013225947A JP2015077584A JP 2015077584 A JP2015077584 A JP 2015077584A JP 2013225947 A JP2013225947 A JP 2013225947A JP 2013225947 A JP2013225947 A JP 2013225947A JP 2015077584 A JP2015077584 A JP 2015077584A
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raw water
heat transfer
evaporator
transfer tube
water
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雅仁 山野目
Masahito Yamanome
雅仁 山野目
将仁 村上
Masahito Murakami
将仁 村上
恭平 齋藤
Kyohei Saito
恭平 齋藤
真 窪田
Makoto Kubota
真 窪田
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CHIYUUGAI KOGYO KK
MIRAI CO Ltd
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CHIYUUGAI KOGYO KK
MIRAI CO Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a desalination plant that does not require a large amount of energy, and has a simplified mechanism and improved maintenance side.SOLUTION: The desalination plant is comprised of: a heat source; an evaporator having a container housing a heat transfer tube and spraying means; raw water supply means; control means; draining means; a gas-liquid separator; a condensing part; and a fresh water recovery part. Raw water supplied by the raw water supply means is sprayed by the spraying means to the heat transfer tube in which a heat medium supplied with energy from the heat source flows. The control means sets in the spraying means a time for drying the heat transfer tube and controls the spraying means so that the raw water is sprayed intermittently or periodically. The raw water having come in contact with the heat transfer tube evaporates, and the steam passes through the gas-liquid separator, condenses in the condensing part, and is recovered as fresh water in the fresh water recovery part. Raw water remaining unevaporated in the evaporator is drained by the draining means.

Description

本発明は蒸発法による淡水化装置に関する。  The present invention relates to a desalination apparatus using an evaporation method.

蒸発法は原水を加熱、蒸発させ、水蒸気を凝縮して淡水を得る方法であり、特許文献１に示されるような淡水化装置が開示されている。しかしながら、貯留された多量の原水を蒸発あるいは原水を沸点まで昇温するため、多大なエネルギーを必要とする。また、複数本かつ密接に設置された原水と接する伝熱管は機構が複雑になる。さらに、伝熱管にスケール等の汚れが付着した場合、除去が困難になる等メンテナンス面に問題がある。  The evaporation method is a method in which raw water is heated and evaporated to condense water vapor to obtain fresh water, and a desalination apparatus as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is disclosed. However, a large amount of energy is required to evaporate a large amount of stored raw water or raise the temperature of the raw water to the boiling point. In addition, the mechanism of the heat transfer tubes that come into contact with a plurality of and closely installed raw water is complicated. Furthermore, when dirt such as a scale adheres to the heat transfer tube, there is a problem in terms of maintenance such that it becomes difficult to remove.

特開２００７−３３０９２６号公報JP 2007-330926 A

本発明は、多大なエネルギーを必要とせず、機構が簡略化され、メンテナンス面が容易な淡水化装置の提供を目的とする。  An object of this invention is to provide the desalination apparatus which does not require a lot of energy, a mechanism is simplified, and a maintenance surface is easy.

請求項１に記載の淡水化装置は、（Ａ）熱源と、（Ｂ）蒸発器用容器と前記蒸発器用容器内に設置され、前記蒸発器用容器の内壁面と離間しつつ前記内壁面に沿って複数回周回しながら垂直方向に伸長して配置されるとともに、前記熱源よりエネルギーを受けて高温化された熱媒が流れる伝熱管と原水を前記伝熱管に噴霧する噴霧手段とを有する蒸発器と、（Ｃ）前記原水を前記噴霧手段に供給する原水供給手段と、（Ｄ）前記噴霧手段が前記伝熱管に対して乾燥する時間を設けて、間欠的または周期的に噴霧させる制御手段と、（Ｅ）前記蒸発器内の未蒸発原水を排水する排水手段と、（Ｆ）前記蒸発器で発生した水蒸気と前記未蒸発原水を分離する気液分離器と、（Ｇ）前記気液分離器を通過した前記水蒸気を凝縮させる凝縮部と、（Ｈ）前記凝縮部で凝縮した淡水を回収する淡水回収部と、を有することを特徴とする。  The desalination apparatus according to claim 1 is installed in (A) a heat source, (B) an evaporator container, and the evaporator container, and is separated from the inner wall surface of the evaporator container along the inner wall surface. An evaporator having a heat transfer pipe that flows in a vertical direction while being circulated a plurality of times, and that flows a heat medium heated by receiving energy from the heat source, and a spraying means that sprays raw water onto the heat transfer pipe; (C) Raw water supply means for supplying the raw water to the spray means; (D) Control means for spraying intermittently or periodically by providing a time for the spray means to dry the heat transfer tubes; (E) Drainage means for draining unevaporated raw water in the evaporator, (F) a gas-liquid separator for separating the water vapor generated in the evaporator and the unevaporated raw water, and (G) the gas-liquid separator A condensing part for condensing the water vapor that has passed through And having a freshwater collecting unit for collecting the condensed fresh water in the condensing section.

請求項２に記載の淡水化装置は、上述した請求項１の淡水化装置の特徴に加えて、前記制御手段は前記噴霧手段を前記伝熱管に対して回転させることを特徴とする。  The desalination apparatus according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in addition to the characteristics of the desalination apparatus according to claim 1, the control means rotates the spray means with respect to the heat transfer tube.

請求項３に記載の淡水化装置は、上述した請求項１の淡水化装置の特徴に加えて、前記排水手段は前記未蒸発原水の少なくとも一部を前記原水供給手段に送水する送水手段を有してもよい。  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the characteristics of the first desalination apparatus of the first aspect, the drainage means has water supply means for supplying at least a part of the unevaporated raw water to the raw water supply means. May be.

請求項４に記載の淡水化装置は、上述した請求項１の淡水化装置の特徴に加えて、前記凝縮部はエゼクタとポンプと前記淡水回収部を有することを特徴とする。  The desalination apparatus according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in addition to the characteristics of the desalination apparatus according to claim 1, the condensing unit includes an ejector, a pump, and the fresh water recovery unit.

請求項１に記載の淡水化装置によれば、伝熱管を蒸発器用容器内壁面と離間させることにより、伝熱管のエネルギーが蒸発器用容器に伝播しなくなるため、放熱による熱損失を抑制できる。また、蒸発器容器内壁面を伝って下降する未蒸発原水は伝熱管と熱交換せずに下降するため、熱移動を避けることができる。さらに、未蒸発原水の熱移動が少なくなるため、エネルギー効率の低下を抑制できる。  According to the desalination apparatus of the first aspect, by separating the heat transfer tube from the inner wall surface of the evaporator container, energy of the heat transfer tube does not propagate to the evaporator container, so that heat loss due to heat radiation can be suppressed. Moreover, since the un-evaporated raw water that descends along the inner wall surface of the evaporator container descends without exchanging heat with the heat transfer tubes, heat transfer can be avoided. Furthermore, since the heat transfer of non-evaporated raw water is reduced, a decrease in energy efficiency can be suppressed.

また、伝熱管に対して乾燥する時間を設けて、間欠的または周期的に原水を噴霧することにより、局所的に伝熱管と原水の熱交換効率が上昇するため、エネルギーの多くを蒸発潜熱として利用することが可能である。効率良くエネルギーを蒸発に利用できるため、太陽熱や低温排熱等のエネルギー密度の低い熱源に対して特に有効である。  In addition, by providing the drying time for the heat transfer tubes and spraying the raw water intermittently or periodically, the heat exchange efficiency of the heat transfer tubes and the raw water increases locally, so much of the energy is converted into latent heat of evaporation. It is possible to use. Since energy can be efficiently used for evaporation, it is particularly effective for heat sources with low energy density such as solar heat and low-temperature exhaust heat.

さらに、伝熱管は蒸発器用容器内壁面に沿って複数回周回しながら垂直方向に伸長することにより、伝熱管が噴霧される原水に対して面状に設置されるため、構造を簡略化でき、メンテナンスが容易になる。  Furthermore, the heat transfer tube is installed in a plane with respect to the raw water to be sprayed by extending in the vertical direction while circling a plurality of times along the inner wall surface of the evaporator container, so that the structure can be simplified. Maintenance becomes easy.

請求項２に記載の淡水化装置によれば、制御手段は噴霧手段を伝熱管に対して回転させることにより、上述した請求項１の効果に加え、所定の方向でしか原水を噴霧できない噴霧手段であっても伝熱管の全周に亘って周期的に噴霧させることが可能になり、噴霧手段の構造を簡略化できる。  According to the desalination apparatus according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of claim 1 described above, the spraying means that can spray the raw water only in a predetermined direction by rotating the spraying means with respect to the heat transfer tube. Even so, it is possible to spray periodically over the entire circumference of the heat transfer tube, and the structure of the spraying means can be simplified.

また、制御手段は噴霧手段を伝熱管に対して回転させ、伝熱管の一部に噴霧する場合は、乾燥した伝熱管に原水を連続的に噴霧できるため、高いエネルギー効率を維持しながら原水を蒸発させることができる。  Also, when the spraying means rotates the spraying means relative to the heat transfer tube and sprays on a part of the heat transfer tube, the raw water can be sprayed continuously on the dried heat transfer tube, so that the raw water is kept while maintaining high energy efficiency. Can be evaporated.

請求項３に記載の淡水化装置によれば、排水手段は未蒸発原水を原水供給手段に送水するための送水手段を有することにより、上述した請求項１の効果に加え、未蒸発原水を複数回蒸発させることができ、排水の濃度制御が可能になる。  According to the desalination apparatus of the third aspect, the drainage means has the water supply means for sending the non-evaporated raw water to the raw water supply means. It can be evaporated once and the concentration of waste water can be controlled.

請求項４に記載の淡水化装置によれば、凝縮部はエゼクタとポンプと淡水回収部を有することにより、上述した請求項１の効果に加え、減圧と水蒸気の吸引を同時に行い、エゼクタ通過後の圧力差によって水蒸気を凝縮できる。  According to the desalination apparatus of claim 4, the condensing part has an ejector, a pump, and a fresh water recovery part, so that in addition to the effect of claim 1 described above, the condensing part simultaneously performs decompression and suction of water vapor, and after passing through the ejector. Water vapor can be condensed by the pressure difference.

本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置の動作を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置の蒸発器を鉛直上から見た構成図である。It is the block diagram which looked at the evaporator of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention from the perpendicular | vertical upper direction. 本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置の蒸発器における動作を鉛直上から見た説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which looked at the operation | movement in the evaporator of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention from the top. 本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置の動作を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置の蒸発器を鉛直上から見た構成図である。It is the block diagram which looked at the evaporator of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention from the perpendicular | vertical upper direction. 本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置の蒸発器における動作を鉛直上から見た説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which looked at the operation | movement in the evaporator of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention from the top. 本発明の実施形態３に係る淡水化装置を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態３に係る淡水化装置の動作を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態４に係る淡水化装置を示す構成図である。It is a block diagram which shows the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態４に係る淡水化装置の動作を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the desalination apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention.

以下、本発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

本発明の実施形態１を図１、図２、図３および図４に基づいて説明する。図１は本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置１を示す構成図である。図２は本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置１の動作を示す説明図である。図３は本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置１の蒸発器３を鉛直上から見た構成図である。図４は本発明の実施形態１に係る淡水化装置１の蒸発器３における動作を鉛直上から見た説明図である。  A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the evaporator 3 of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the operation of the evaporator 3 of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention as viewed from above.

本発明の実施形態１の淡水化装置１は、熱源２と、蒸発器３と、制御手段８と、原水供給手段９と、排水手段１０と、気液分離器１１と、凝縮部１２と、淡水回収部１３から構成される。  A desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a heat source 2, an evaporator 3, a control unit 8, a raw water supply unit 9, a drainage unit 10, a gas-liquid separator 11, a condensing unit 12, The fresh water collection unit 13 is configured.

蒸発器３は、伝熱管５と噴霧手段６を内蔵する円筒形の蒸発器用容器４から構成される。伝熱管５は単管であり、蒸発器用容器４の内壁面と離間しつつ蒸発器用容器４の内壁面に沿って複数回周回しながら垂直方向に伸長して設置されている。伝熱管５には金属等の熱伝導率が高い材質を用いることが望ましい。噴霧手段６は、一例として一流体スプレーノズル群７が鉛直上からみて蒸発器用容器４の中心に設置している。一流体スプレーノズル群７はそれぞれの噴霧角度が９０°の一流体スプレーノズル７ａ、一流体スプレーノズル７ｂ、一流体スプレーノズル７ｃ、一流体スプレーノズル７ｄが鉛直上から見てそれぞれ９０°の角度で設置されている。  The evaporator 3 is composed of a cylindrical evaporator container 4 in which a heat transfer tube 5 and a spray means 6 are built. The heat transfer tube 5 is a single tube, and is installed to extend in the vertical direction while rotating around the inner wall surface of the evaporator container 4 while making a plurality of turns while being separated from the inner wall surface of the evaporator container 4. It is desirable to use a material having high thermal conductivity such as metal for the heat transfer tube 5. As an example, the spray means 6 has a one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 installed at the center of the evaporator container 4 as viewed from above. The one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 has a spray angle of 90 °, and each of the one-fluid spray nozzle 7a, the one-fluid spray nozzle 7b, the one-fluid spray nozzle 7c, and the one-fluid spray nozzle 7d has an angle of 90 ° when viewed from above. is set up.

一流体スプレーノズル群７、制御手段８、原水供給手段９は接続されている。蒸発器３内の未蒸発原水２４を排出する排水手段１０が蒸発器３の外部に存在する。また、蒸発器３、凝縮部１２、淡水回収部１３は接続されている。凝縮部１２には図示しないフィン型熱交換器が内蔵されている。  The one-fluid spray nozzle group 7, the control means 8, and the raw water supply means 9 are connected. The drainage means 10 for discharging the unevaporated raw water 24 in the evaporator 3 exists outside the evaporator 3. Moreover, the evaporator 3, the condensation part 12, and the fresh water collection | recovery part 13 are connected. The condensing unit 12 includes a fin heat exchanger (not shown).

まず、原水２２は原水供給手段９によって一流体スプレーノズル群７に送水され、制御手段８によって一流体スプレーノズル７ａのみで原水２２を伝熱管５に噴霧させる。その後、制御手段８は一流体スプレーノズル７ｂのみが原水２２を噴霧するように制御する。同様に一流体スプレーノズル７ｃ、一流体スプレーノズル７ｄの順に伝熱管５に原水２２を噴霧させる。一流体スプレーノズル７ａの噴霧面に対応する伝熱管５の部面は、一流体スプレーノズル７ｂ、一流体スプレーノズル７ｃおよび一流体スプレーノズル７ｄが噴霧している間に乾燥する。再度一流体スプレーノズル７ａを乾燥した伝熱管５に噴霧する。以上のことを繰り返すことにより、乾燥した伝熱管５と原水２２を周期的に接触させる。伝熱管５には熱源２のエネルギーを受けた熱媒２１が流れており、熱媒２１は伝熱管５を介して原水２２と熱交換後排出される。伝熱管５と接触した原水２２は蒸発し水蒸気２３が発生する。  First, the raw water 22 is fed to the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 by the raw water supply means 9, and the raw water 22 is sprayed onto the heat transfer tube 5 by the control means 8 using only the one-fluid spray nozzle 7 a. Thereafter, the control means 8 controls so that only the one-fluid spray nozzle 7b sprays the raw water 22. Similarly, the raw water 22 is sprayed onto the heat transfer tube 5 in the order of the one-fluid spray nozzle 7c and the one-fluid spray nozzle 7d. The surface of the heat transfer tube 5 corresponding to the spray surface of the one-fluid spray nozzle 7a is dried while the one-fluid spray nozzle 7b, the one-fluid spray nozzle 7c and the one-fluid spray nozzle 7d are spraying. The one-fluid spray nozzle 7a is again sprayed onto the dried heat transfer tube 5. By repeating the above, the dried heat transfer tube 5 and the raw water 22 are periodically contacted. A heat medium 21 that receives the energy of the heat source 2 flows through the heat transfer tube 5, and the heat medium 21 is discharged through the heat transfer tube 5 after exchanging heat with the raw water 22. The raw water 22 in contact with the heat transfer tube 5 evaporates to generate water vapor 23.

蒸発器３で発生した水蒸気２３は気液分離器１１を通過して水蒸気２３を含む気体のみが凝縮部１２へ到達する。凝縮部１２に到達した水蒸気２３は凝縮し淡水２６となり淡水回収部１３で回収される。回収した淡水２６は貯留されるか、図示しない取水手段によって淡水回収部１３から取水される。また蒸発器３内で蒸発しなかった原水２２は未蒸発原水２４となり排水手段１０によって排水２５として排出される。  The water vapor 23 generated in the evaporator 3 passes through the gas-liquid separator 11 and only the gas containing the water vapor 23 reaches the condensing unit 12. The water vapor 23 that has reached the condensing unit 12 is condensed to become fresh water 26, which is collected by the fresh water collecting unit 13. The collected fresh water 26 is stored or taken from the fresh water collection unit 13 by a water intake means (not shown). The raw water 22 that has not evaporated in the evaporator 3 becomes non-evaporated raw water 24 and is discharged as drainage 25 by the drainage means 10.

制御手段８は、熱源２のエネルギー量を増加させた場合、一流体スプレーノズル群７の噴霧周期と原水２２の噴霧流量から１つ以上を上昇させ、熱源２のエネルギー量を減少させた場合、一流体スプレーノズル群７の噴霧周期と原水２２の噴霧流量から１つ以上を減少させる。  When the control unit 8 increases the energy amount of the heat source 2, when the energy amount of the heat source 2 is decreased by increasing one or more from the spray cycle of the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 and the spray flow rate of the raw water 22, One or more are reduced from the spray cycle of the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 and the spray flow rate of the raw water 22.

伝熱管５は蒸発器用容器４の内壁面と離間して設置されているため、蒸発器用容器４への熱移動を避けることができ、熱移動による熱損失を抑制できる。また、蒸発器用容器４の内壁面を伝って下降する未蒸発原水２４は、伝熱管５と接触せずに下降するため、未蒸発原水２４に対する熱移動を避けることができる。  Since the heat transfer tube 5 is disposed away from the inner wall surface of the evaporator container 4, heat transfer to the evaporator container 4 can be avoided, and heat loss due to heat transfer can be suppressed. Moreover, since the non-evaporated raw water 24 that descends along the inner wall surface of the evaporator container 4 falls without contacting the heat transfer pipe 5, it is possible to avoid heat transfer to the non-evaporated raw water 24.

さらに、伝熱管５は円筒形の蒸発器用容器４に沿って複数回周回させることにより、一流体スプレーノズル群７から噴霧される原水２２に対して面状に設置されるため、必要な伝熱面積を確保したうえで構造を簡略化できる。伝熱管５が一流体スプレーノズル群７から噴霧される原水２２に対して面状に設置されることで、伝熱管５の周辺にメンテナンスを行う空間が確保できる。伝熱管５が簡略化された構造で、かつメンテナンスを行う空間を確保しているため、スケール除去や交換等のメンテナンスを容易にできる。  Furthermore, since the heat transfer tube 5 is installed in a plane with respect to the raw water 22 sprayed from the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 by rotating around the cylindrical evaporator container 4 a plurality of times, the necessary heat transfer is performed. The structure can be simplified after securing the area. By installing the heat transfer tube 5 in a planar shape with respect to the raw water 22 sprayed from the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7, a space for maintenance can be secured around the heat transfer tube 5. Since the heat transfer tube 5 has a simplified structure and a space for maintenance is secured, maintenance such as scale removal and replacement can be facilitated.

伝熱管５は一流体スプレーノズル群７による高圧洗浄が可能であり、伝熱管５へのスケールの付着を抑制できる。  The heat transfer tube 5 can be washed at a high pressure by the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7, and scale adhesion to the heat transfer tube 5 can be suppressed.

伝熱管５に対し周期的に原水２２を噴霧することにより、原水２２は乾燥した伝熱管５に接触するため、局所的に伝熱管５との熱交換効率が上昇する。これにより、エネルギーの多くを蒸発潜熱として利用することが可能である。効果的にエネルギーを蒸発に利用できるため、太陽熱や低温排熱等のエネルギー密度の低い熱源２に対して特に有効である。  By periodically spraying the raw water 22 on the heat transfer tube 5, the raw water 22 comes into contact with the dried heat transfer tube 5, so that the heat exchange efficiency with the heat transfer tube 5 locally increases. Thereby, much of the energy can be used as latent heat of vaporization. Since energy can be effectively used for evaporation, it is particularly effective for the heat source 2 having a low energy density such as solar heat and low-temperature exhaust heat.

効果的にエネルギーを蒸発に利用できることに加え、未蒸発原水２４に対する熱移動を抑制できるため、供給される原水２２の蒸発割合が少なくとも高いエネルギー効率を維持できる。原水２２の蒸発割合が少なく、未蒸発原水２４の濃度上昇を抑えて排出することにより、海水淡水化装置において濃縮水の処理を不要とすることができる。  In addition to being able to effectively use energy for evaporation, heat transfer to the non-evaporated raw water 24 can be suppressed, so that at least a high evaporation efficiency of the supplied raw water 22 can be maintained. Since the evaporation rate of the raw water 22 is small and the concentration of the non-evaporated raw water 24 is suppressed and discharged, the treatment of the concentrated water can be made unnecessary in the seawater desalination apparatus.

一流体スプレーノズル群７は、伝熱管５の全周に噴霧可能となるよう一流体スプレーノズルを複数設置すれば、一流体スプレーノズルの噴霧角度によらず同様の効果を得ることが可能である。さらに、噴霧手段６は一流体スプレーノズルのほか、二流体スプレーノズル、遠心アトマイザー、静電アトマイザー、超音波アトマイザー、音響アトマイザーが利用できる。二流体スプレーノズルを使用する場合、凝縮部１２に排気手段を設置し、導入される気体を排出する。遠心アトマイザー等で伝熱管５の全周を同時に噴霧させる場合、制御手段８は伝熱管５が乾燥する時間を設けて間欠的に原水２２を噴霧させる。  If the one-fluid spray nozzle group 7 is provided with a plurality of one-fluid spray nozzles so that spraying is possible on the entire circumference of the heat transfer tube 5, the same effect can be obtained regardless of the spray angle of the one-fluid spray nozzle. . Further, as the spraying means 6, in addition to the one-fluid spray nozzle, a two-fluid spray nozzle, a centrifugal atomizer, an electrostatic atomizer, an ultrasonic atomizer, and an acoustic atomizer can be used. When using a two-fluid spray nozzle, an exhaust means is installed in the condensing part 12 and the introduced gas is discharged. When spraying the entire circumference of the heat transfer tube 5 simultaneously with a centrifugal atomizer or the like, the control means 8 provides time for the heat transfer tube 5 to dry and sprays the raw water 22 intermittently.

凝縮部１２の内部には、フィン型熱交換器のほか、管形熱交換器、プレート型熱交換器が使用できる。  In addition to the fin-type heat exchanger, a tube-type heat exchanger and a plate-type heat exchanger can be used inside the condensing unit 12.

また、蒸発器用容器４通過後の伝熱管５と熱源２の間に熱媒２１を循環させる図示しない配管を設置し、熱媒２１を熱源２と循環させてもよい。さらに、蒸発器３と凝縮部１２を図示しないダクトで連結し凝縮部１２で凝縮しなかった水蒸気２３を蒸発器３と循環させてもよい。  Further, a pipe (not shown) for circulating the heat medium 21 between the heat transfer tube 5 and the heat source 2 after passing through the evaporator container 4 may be installed, and the heat medium 21 may be circulated with the heat source 2. Further, the evaporator 3 and the condenser 12 may be connected by a duct (not shown), and the water vapor 23 that has not been condensed in the condenser 12 may be circulated with the evaporator 3.

次に、本発明の実施形態２を図５、図６、図７および図８に基づいて説明する。
図５は本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置１を示す構成図である。図６は本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置１の動作を示す説明図である。図７は本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置１の蒸発器３を鉛直上から見た構成図である。図８は本発明の実施形態２に係る淡水化装置１の蒸発器３における動作を鉛直上から見た説明図である。実施形態１と同一部分は同一番号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。噴霧手段１４は噴霧角度が６０°の一流体スプレーノズル１５を使用し、制御手段１６は一流体スプレーノズル１５を伝熱管５に対し一流体スプレーノズル回転方向２７に回転させる構成となっている。Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of the evaporator 3 of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the operation of the evaporator 3 of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention as viewed from above. The same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. The spraying means 14 uses a one-fluid spray nozzle 15 having a spray angle of 60 °, and the control means 16 is configured to rotate the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 in the one-fluid spray nozzle rotating direction 27 with respect to the heat transfer tube 5.

原水２２は原水タンク９に貯留され、原水供給手段９によって一流体スプレーノズル１５に送水される。制御手段１６は一流体スプレーノズル１５を伝熱管５の噴霧面が乾燥する時間を設けて一流体スプレーノズル回転方向２７に回転させる。一流体スプレーノズル１５が回転することにより伝熱管５の一部と原水２２が周期的に接触する。伝熱管５には熱源２のエネルギーを受けた熱媒２１が流れており、熱媒２１は伝熱管５を介して原水２２と熱交換後排出される。伝熱管５と接触した原水２２は蒸発し水蒸気２３が発生する。  The raw water 22 is stored in the raw water tank 9 and fed to the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 by the raw water supply means 9. The control means 16 rotates the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 in the one-fluid spray nozzle rotation direction 27 by providing time for the spray surface of the heat transfer tube 5 to dry. As the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 rotates, a part of the heat transfer tube 5 and the raw water 22 periodically contact each other. A heat medium 21 that receives the energy of the heat source 2 flows through the heat transfer tube 5, and the heat medium 21 is discharged through the heat transfer tube 5 after exchanging heat with the raw water 22. The raw water 22 in contact with the heat transfer tube 5 evaporates to generate water vapor 23.

蒸発器３で発生した水蒸気２３は実施形態１と同様の手段によって凝縮し淡水２６となり、未蒸発原水２４は実施形態１と同様の手段によって蒸発器３から排出される。  The water vapor 23 generated in the evaporator 3 is condensed by the same means as in the first embodiment to become fresh water 26, and the unevaporated raw water 24 is discharged from the evaporator 3 by the same means as in the first embodiment.

制御手段１６は、熱源２のエネルギー量を増加させた場合、一流体スプレーノズル１５の回転速度と原水２２の噴霧流量から１つ以上を上昇させ、熱源２のエネルギー量を減少させた場合、一流体スプレーノズル１５の回転速度と原水２２の噴霧流量から１つ以上を減少させる。  When the energy amount of the heat source 2 is increased, the control means 16 increases one or more from the rotational speed of the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 and the spray flow rate of the raw water 22, and decreases the energy amount of the heat source 2. One or more is reduced from the rotational speed of the fluid spray nozzle 15 and the spray flow rate of the raw water 22.

一流体スプレーノズル１５を回転させて伝熱管５に対し原水２２を周期的に噴霧することで、噴霧手段１４は実施形態１の噴霧手段６と比較して構造を簡略化できる。噴霧手段１４を簡略化することにより淡水化装置１のコストダウンが見込める。さらに、原水２２は乾燥した伝熱管５に連続的に接触するため、伝熱管５は常に高い熱交換効率で原水２２と接触する。これにより、高いエネルギー効率を維持しながら原水２２を蒸発させることが可能となる。  By rotating the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 and periodically spraying the raw water 22 onto the heat transfer tube 5, the structure of the spraying means 14 can be simplified as compared with the spraying means 6 of the first embodiment. The cost reduction of the desalination apparatus 1 can be anticipated by simplifying the spraying means 14. Furthermore, since the raw water 22 is continuously in contact with the dried heat transfer tube 5, the heat transfer tube 5 is always in contact with the raw water 22 with high heat exchange efficiency. Thereby, it becomes possible to evaporate the raw water 22 while maintaining high energy efficiency.

一例として、貯留した５００ｍＬの水を６００Ｗの熱源で蒸発させた場合においては熱源のエネルギーの２７％を蒸発に利用したのに対し、熱源のエネルギー量を２．２ｋＷ、原水の噴霧流量を８Ｌ／ｈ、噴霧手段の回転速度を１ｒｐｍで本発明の実施形態２に係る蒸発方法を行った場合、蒸発量は３Ｌ／ｈとなり、熱源の８４％のエネルギーを蒸発に利用できた。このことから、乾燥した伝熱管５に原水２２を噴霧することにより効果的にエネルギーを蒸発に利用していることがわかる。  As an example, when 500 mL of stored water was evaporated with a 600 W heat source, 27% of the energy of the heat source was used for evaporation, whereas the energy amount of the heat source was 2.2 kW, and the spray flow rate of raw water was 8 L / h, When the evaporation method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention was performed at a rotation speed of the spraying means of 1 rpm, the evaporation amount was 3 L / h, and 84% of the energy of the heat source could be used for evaporation. From this, it is understood that energy is effectively utilized for evaporation by spraying the raw water 22 onto the dried heat transfer tube 5.

一流体スプレーノズル１５の噴霧角度は、伝熱管５が原水２２を蒸発させる伝熱面積を確保できる角度であれば６０°でなくてよい。さらに、噴霧手段１４は、伝熱管５の一部に対し原水２２を噴霧する手段であれば一流体スプレーノズルでなくともよい。  The spray angle of the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 may not be 60 ° as long as the heat transfer tube 5 can secure a heat transfer area for evaporating the raw water 22. Furthermore, the spraying means 14 may not be a one-fluid spray nozzle as long as it is a means for spraying the raw water 22 onto a part of the heat transfer tube 5.

次に、本発明の実施形態３を図９および図１０に基づいて説明する。図９は本発明の実施形態３に係る淡水化装置１を示す構成図である。図１０は本発明の実施形態３に係る淡水化装置１の動作を示す説明図である。実施形態１および実施形態２と同一部分は同一番号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。原水供給手段９と排水手段１０を連結した送水手段１７を設置している。  Next, Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram showing a desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing the operation of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The same parts as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. The water supply means 17 which connected the raw | natural water supply means 9 and the drainage means 10 is installed.

原水２２は実施形態２と同様の手段によって蒸発し、水蒸気２３は実施形態２と同様の手段によって淡水２６となる。未蒸発原水２４の一部は排水手段１０から送水手段１７を通過して原水供給手段９によって一流体スプレーノズル１５に送水される。送水手段１７を通過しない未蒸発原水２４は排水２５となり排出される。  The raw water 22 evaporates by the same means as in the second embodiment, and the water vapor 23 becomes fresh water 26 by the same means as in the second embodiment. Part of the unevaporated raw water 24 passes through the water supply means 17 from the drainage means 10 and is supplied to the one-fluid spray nozzle 15 by the raw water supply means 9. Unevaporated raw water 24 that does not pass through the water supply means 17 is discharged as drainage 25.

未蒸発原水２４の一部を原水２２と混合して循環する場合には、次式において排水濃度を近似することができる。

Figure 2015077584
ここで、Ｃ（ｔ）は時間ｔにおける排水濃度（ｇ／ｍＬ）、Ｃ０は原水濃度（ｇ／ｍＬ）、Ｍｉｎは原水流量（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）、Ｍｅｘは排水流量（Ｌ／ｍｉｎ）、Ｖは装置内液量（Ｌ）、ｔは装置駆動時間（ｍｉｎ）を示す。（１）式を用いて排水濃度を算出することにより、排水２５の濃度を制御して排出できる。When a part of the unevaporated raw water 24 is mixed with the raw water 22 and circulated, the concentration of waste water can be approximated by the following equation.
Figure 2015077584
Here, C (t) is the waste water concentration (g / mL) at time t, C 0 is the raw water concentration (g / mL), Min is the raw water flow rate (L / min), Mex is the waste water flow rate (L / min), V represents the amount of liquid in the apparatus (L), and t represents the apparatus driving time (min). By calculating the wastewater concentration using the equation (1), the concentration of the wastewater 25 can be controlled and discharged.

また、未蒸発原水２４のすべてを原水供給手段９に送水することで、さらに高濃度に濃縮することが可能となる。これにより、汚水処理や排水処理で高濃度の濃縮水とする場合や海水から塩分を抽出する場合に応用可能になる。  Further, by sending all of the unevaporated raw water 24 to the raw water supply means 9, it becomes possible to concentrate it to a higher concentration. Thereby, it becomes possible to apply it to the case where high-concentration concentrated water is obtained by sewage treatment or wastewater treatment, or when salt is extracted from seawater.

次に、本発明の実施形態４を図１１および図１２に基づいて説明する。図１１は本発明の実施形態４に係る淡水化装置１を示す構成図である。図１２は本発明の実施形態４に係る淡水化装置１の動作を示す説明図である。実施形態１、実施形態２および実施形態３と同一部分は同一番号を付し、詳細な説明は省略する。凝縮部１２の代わりにエゼクタ１８およびエゼクタ１８を作動させるための循環ポンプ１９が設置され、循環水２８が貯留された淡水回収部１３に接続している。  Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 11: is a block diagram which shows the desalination apparatus 1 which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the desalination apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. The same parts as those of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted. Instead of the condensing unit 12, an ejector 18 and a circulation pump 19 for operating the ejector 18 are installed and connected to the fresh water collecting unit 13 in which the circulating water 28 is stored.

原水２２は実施形態２および実施形態３と同様の手段によって蒸発し、未蒸発原水２４は実施形態３と同様に循環または排水２５となり排出される。循環ポンプ１９は淡水回収部１３内の循環水２８をエゼクタ１８と淡水回収部１３の間で循環させる。蒸発器３で発生した水蒸気２３は気液分離器１１を通過し、エゼクタ１８に吸引される。エゼクタ１８に吸引された水蒸気２３はエゼクタ１８通過後の圧力差により凝縮する。さらに、循環水２８の温度が水蒸気２３の温度より低い場合、循環水２８で冷却され凝縮する。凝縮した水蒸気２３は循環水２８と混合し、淡水２６となる。淡水２６は淡水回収部１３に貯留されるか、図示しない取水手段により淡水回収部から取水される。その後、淡水回収部１３に貯留された淡水２６の一部は循環水２８となり、循環ポンプ１９でエゼクタに送水される。エゼクタ１８、循環ポンプ１９、循環水２８および淡水回収部１３により水蒸気２３の吸引および凝縮、淡水２６の回収のほか、淡水化装置１内の真空発生と真空度の維持がなされる。  The raw water 22 is evaporated by the same means as in the second and third embodiments, and the unevaporated raw water 24 is circulated or drained 25 and discharged as in the third embodiment. The circulation pump 19 circulates the circulating water 28 in the fresh water recovery unit 13 between the ejector 18 and the fresh water recovery unit 13. The water vapor 23 generated in the evaporator 3 passes through the gas-liquid separator 11 and is sucked into the ejector 18. The water vapor 23 sucked into the ejector 18 is condensed by the pressure difference after passing through the ejector 18. Further, when the temperature of the circulating water 28 is lower than the temperature of the water vapor 23, the circulating water 28 cools and condenses. The condensed water vapor 23 is mixed with the circulating water 28 to become fresh water 26. The fresh water 26 is stored in the fresh water recovery unit 13 or is taken from the fresh water recovery unit by a water intake means (not shown). Thereafter, a part of the fresh water 26 stored in the fresh water recovery unit 13 becomes the circulating water 28 and is sent to the ejector by the circulation pump 19. The ejector 18, the circulation pump 19, the circulating water 28 and the fresh water recovery unit 13 suck and condense the water vapor 23, recover the fresh water 26, and generate a vacuum in the desalination apparatus 1 and maintain the degree of vacuum.

エゼクタ１８、循環ポンプ１９、循環水２８および淡水回収部１３で真空発生、水蒸気の吸引、凝縮および淡水回収を同時に行うことができる。また、蒸発器３で発生した水蒸気２３はエゼクタ１８で吸引されるため、蒸発器３内に蒸気溜まりが起こらない。これにより、蒸気溜まりによるエネルギー効率の低下を抑制できる。  The ejector 18, the circulation pump 19, the circulating water 28 and the fresh water recovery unit 13 can simultaneously perform vacuum generation, water vapor suction, condensation and fresh water recovery. Further, since the water vapor 23 generated in the evaporator 3 is sucked by the ejector 18, no vapor accumulation occurs in the evaporator 3. Thereby, the fall of the energy efficiency by a vapor | steam accumulation can be suppressed.

また、循環水２８は原水２２と図示しない熱交換器を用いて冷却することで、エゼクタ１８の吸気能力減少による真空度の低下を抑制することができる。  Further, the circulating water 28 is cooled by using the raw water 22 and a heat exchanger (not shown), so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the degree of vacuum due to a decrease in the intake capacity of the ejector 18.

循環水２８は得られた淡水２６の使用目的を阻害しない組成であればよく、循環水２８の希釈量および原水２２の組成によっては原水２２を選択することも可能である。  The circulating water 28 only needs to have a composition that does not hinder the intended use of the obtained fresh water 26, and the raw water 22 can be selected depending on the dilution amount of the circulating water 28 and the composition of the raw water 22.

１ 淡水化装置
２ 熱源
３ 蒸発器
４ 蒸発器容器
５ 伝熱管
６ 噴霧手段
７ 一流体スプレーノズル群
７ａ〜７ｄ 一流体スプレーノズル
８ 制御手段
９ 原水供給手段
１０ 排水手段
１１ 気液分離器
１２ 凝縮部
１３ 淡水回収部
１４ 噴霧手段
１５ 一流体スプレーノズル
１６ 制御手段
１７ 送水手段
１８ エゼクタ
１９ 循環ポンプ
２１ 熱媒
２２ 原水
２３ 水蒸気
２４ 未蒸発原水
２５ 排水
２６ 淡水
２７ 噴霧手段回転方向
２８ 循環水DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Desalination apparatus 2 Heat source 3 Evaporator 4 Evaporator container 5 Heat transfer tube 6 Spray means 7 One-fluid spray nozzle group 7a-7d One-fluid spray nozzle 8 Control means 9 Raw water supply means 10 Drain means 11 Gas-liquid separator 12 Condensing part 13 Fresh water recovery unit 14 Spraying means 15 One-fluid spray nozzle 16 Control means 17 Water supply means 18 Ejector 19 Circulating pump 21 Heat medium 22 Raw water 23 Steam 24 Unvaporized raw water 25 Drainage 26 Fresh water 27 Spraying means rotation direction 28 Circulating water

Claims (4)

熱源と、
蒸発器用容器と、前記蒸発器用容器内に設置され、前記蒸発器用容器の内壁面と離間しつつ前記内壁面に沿って複数回周回しながら垂直方向に伸長して配置されるとともに、前記熱源よりエネルギーを受けて高温化された熱媒が流れる伝熱管と、原水を前記伝熱管に噴霧する噴霧手段と、を有する蒸発器と、
前記原水を前記噴霧手段に供給する原水供給手段と、
前記噴霧手段が前記伝熱管に対して乾燥する時間を設けて、間欠的または周期的に噴霧させる制御手段と、
前記蒸発器内の未蒸発原水を排水する排水手段と、
前記蒸発器で発生した水蒸気と前記未蒸発原水を分離する気液分離器と、
前記気液分離器を通過した前記水蒸気を凝縮させる凝縮部と、
前記凝縮部で凝縮した淡水を回収する淡水回収部と、
を有することを特徴とした淡水化装置。A heat source,
An evaporator container and an evaporator container are disposed in the evaporator container, and are arranged to extend in the vertical direction while rotating around the inner wall surface while being spaced apart from the inner wall surface of the evaporator container. An evaporator having a heat transfer pipe through which a heat medium heated to receive energy flows, and spraying means for spraying raw water onto the heat transfer pipe;
Raw water supply means for supplying the raw water to the spray means;
Control means for spraying intermittently or periodically by providing a time for the spraying means to dry the heat transfer tube;
Drainage means for draining unevaporated raw water in the evaporator;
A gas-liquid separator that separates the water vapor generated in the evaporator and the unevaporated raw water;
A condensing part for condensing the water vapor that has passed through the gas-liquid separator;
A fresh water recovery unit for recovering fresh water condensed in the condensing unit;
The desalination apparatus characterized by having. 前記制御手段は前記噴霧手段を前記伝熱管に対して回転させることを特徴とした請求項１に記載の淡水化装置。  The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the control means rotates the spray means with respect to the heat transfer tube. 前記排水手段は前記未蒸発原水の少なくとも一部を前記原水供給手段に送水する送水手段を有することを特徴とした請求項１または２のいずれかに記載の淡水化装置。  3. The desalination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drainage unit includes a water supply unit configured to supply at least a part of the unevaporated raw water to the raw water supply unit. 前記凝縮部はエゼクタとポンプと前記淡水回収部を有することを特徴とした請求項１乃至３のいずれかに記載の淡水化装置。  The desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the condensing unit includes an ejector, a pump, and the fresh water recovery unit.
JP2013225947A 2013-10-15 2013-10-15 Desalination plant Pending JP2015077584A (en)

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CN108101135A (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-06-01 晋江纳创新环境技术有限公司 Solar energy is atomized desalination plant
WO2018151308A1 (en) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-23 大日本印刷株式会社 Gasifying device for sterilization agent and method for cleaning gasifying device for sterilization agent

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018151308A1 (en) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-23 大日本印刷株式会社 Gasifying device for sterilization agent and method for cleaning gasifying device for sterilization agent
JPWO2018151308A1 (en) * 2017-02-20 2019-11-07 大日本印刷株式会社 Disinfectant gasifier and cleaning method for disinfectant gasifier
US11305029B2 (en) 2017-02-20 2022-04-19 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Gasifier for sterilizer and cleaning method of gasifier for sterilizer
US11806437B2 (en) 2017-02-20 2023-11-07 Dai Nippon Printing, Ltd. Gasifier for sterilizer and cleaning method of gasifier for sterilizer
US11872323B2 (en) 2017-02-20 2024-01-16 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Gasifier for sterilizer and cleaning method of gasifier for sterilizer
CN108101135A (en) * 2018-03-06 2018-06-01 晋江纳创新环境技术有限公司 Solar energy is atomized desalination plant
CN108101135B (en) * 2018-03-06 2023-10-31 晋江纳创新环境技术有限公司 Solar atomization sea water desalting device

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