JP2015017399A - Ground improvement method - Google Patents

Ground improvement method Download PDF

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JP2015017399A
JP2015017399A JP2013144635A JP2013144635A JP2015017399A JP 2015017399 A JP2015017399 A JP 2015017399A JP 2013144635 A JP2013144635 A JP 2013144635A JP 2013144635 A JP2013144635 A JP 2013144635A JP 2015017399 A JP2015017399 A JP 2015017399A
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ground
pipe
horizontal
vertical
tube
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JP6291176B2 (en
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裕介 平塚
Yusuke Hiratsuka
裕介 平塚
健太郎 増岡
Kentaro Masuoka
健太郎 増岡
山本　肇
Hajime Yamamoto
肇 山本
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Taisei Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ground improvement method capable of lowering the moisture content of a ground to be excavated.SOLUTION: In a ground improvement method, horizontal pipes 11 as pipe materials are arranged in a ground 10 and steam heater pipes 12a as heating means are inserted into the horizontal pipes 11 respectively to heat the ground 10, in order to decrease the water content of the ground 10 to be excavated. The horizontal pipes 11 are arranged horizontally and a plurality of vertical pipes 14 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal pipes 11 above each of the horizontal pipes 11. Thereby, the heat conducted from open holes of the horizontal pipes 11 is introduced into the vertical pipes 14 and transferred to the ground from open holes of the vertical pipes 14, thus heating the ground 10.

Description

本発明は、含水率の高い地盤の掘削を行う前に含水率を低減させるための地盤改良方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a ground improvement method for reducing moisture content before excavation of ground with high moisture content.

従来、建設工事等で発生する掘削土の含水率が、処分場の受入れ基準値よりも高い場合には、含水率を基準値未満に低下させる必要がある。このため、含水率が高い掘削土を現場のヤード等に仮置きして乾燥させる手法が取られている。   Conventionally, when the moisture content of excavated soil generated in construction work is higher than the acceptance standard value of the disposal site, it is necessary to reduce the moisture content to less than the standard value. For this reason, a technique is adopted in which excavated soil having a high moisture content is temporarily placed in a yard or the like on the site and dried.

また、掘削前に地盤の含水率を下げる手法の一例として特許文献１の技術がある。この技術は、地盤内の地下水をストレーナ部からストレーナ管内に浸透させながら、排水ポンプを間欠的に駆動することによりストレーナ管内の水を排水するものである。   Moreover, there exists a technique of patent document 1 as an example of the method of reducing the moisture content of a ground before excavation. This technique drains the water in the strainer pipe by intermittently driving a drain pump while allowing groundwater in the ground to penetrate into the strainer pipe from the strainer section.

特開２００７−１６２２９８号公報JP 2007-162298 A

特許文献１の技術によれば、地盤の含水率をある程度低下させることは可能である。しかし、透水係数の小さい粘性土では、排水ポンプで排出できる地下水の量が少なく、脱水効率が悪い。   According to the technique of Patent Document 1, it is possible to reduce the moisture content of the ground to some extent. However, in clayey soil with a small hydraulic conductivity, the amount of groundwater that can be discharged by the drainage pump is small, and the dewatering efficiency is poor.

また、含水率が高い掘削土を現場内に仮置きして含水率を下げる場合、掘削現場が余裕のある広いエリアであれば良いが、都市部等の狭小地では仮置きヤードを十分に確保できないことから、掘削作業に支障を来たす恐れがある。   In addition, if the moisture content is lowered by temporarily placing excavated soil with a high moisture content in the site, the excavation site may be a wide area with room to spare, but sufficient temporary storage yards are secured in narrow areas such as urban areas. Since it cannot be done, there is a risk that the excavation work may be hindered.

このような観点から、本発明は、掘削対象地盤の含水率を下げることができる地盤改良方法を提供することを課題とする。   From such a viewpoint, an object of the present invention is to provide a ground improvement method capable of reducing the moisture content of the ground to be excavated.

上記課題を解決する本発明は、掘削対象となる地盤の含水率を下げる地盤改良方法であって、前記地盤の中に管材を配置し、当該管材内に加熱手段を挿入して前記地盤を加熱することを特徴とする。   The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a ground improvement method for lowering the moisture content of the ground to be excavated, wherein a pipe material is arranged in the ground, and heating means is inserted into the pipe material to heat the ground. It is characterized by doing.

本発明によれば、加熱手段の発熱による熱が管材を介して地盤へ伝導し、伝導熱により地盤内の水分が蒸発する。この蒸発により、地盤の含水率を下げることができる。従って、掘削土の仮置きスペースの無い狭小地でも、掘削土の仮置き場を必要とすることなく地盤の掘削を行うことができる。又は、掘削土の仮置き時間を短縮することができる。   According to the present invention, the heat generated by the heating means is conducted to the ground via the tube, and the moisture in the ground is evaporated by the conduction heat. By this evaporation, the moisture content of the ground can be lowered. Therefore, the ground can be excavated without requiring a temporary storage site for the excavated soil even in a narrow area where there is no temporary storage space for the excavated soil. Or the temporary placement time of excavated soil can be shortened.

前記管材を有孔管とし、前記加熱手段をスチームヒータとしてもよい。加熱手段をスチームヒータとした場合、電熱棒等の電力による加熱手段を用いるよりも、コストが低く、素早い加熱が可能となり、より広範囲に地盤を加熱することができる。   The tube material may be a perforated tube, and the heating means may be a steam heater. When the heating means is a steam heater, the cost is lower and quick heating is possible than when heating means using electric power such as an electric heating rod is used, and the ground can be heated in a wider range.

また、前記管材を、水平方向及び当該水平方向に対する垂直方向に配置し、水平方向の前記管材（「水平管」ともいう）に前記加熱手段を挿入するようにしてもよい。
水平管内で加熱手段が発熱すると、水平管の貫通孔から熱が地盤へ伝導する。水平管の上部に垂直方向の管材（「縦管」ともいう）の開口が位置する場合、水平管の貫通孔から外部へ伝導する熱が、縦管の内部を上方へ向かって伝導すると共に、縦管の貫通孔から地盤へ伝導する。このため、地盤を広範囲に渡って加熱することができる。従って、地盤の含水率を効率良く低下させることができる。 Moreover, the said pipe material may be arrange | positioned in the horizontal direction and the orthogonal | vertical direction with respect to the said horizontal direction, and you may make it insert the said heating means in the said horizontal pipe material (it is also called a "horizontal pipe").
When the heating means generates heat in the horizontal pipe, heat is conducted from the through hole of the horizontal pipe to the ground. When an opening of a vertical pipe (also referred to as a “longitudinal tube”) is located at the top of the horizontal tube, heat conducted from the through hole of the horizontal tube to the outside is conducted upward in the vertical tube, Conducted from the through hole of the vertical pipe to the ground. For this reason, the ground can be heated over a wide range. Therefore, the moisture content of the ground can be reduced efficiently.

前記垂直方向の管材に、前記地盤に空気を圧入する圧入手段を挿入し、当該圧入手段により地盤に圧入した空気で地盤に亀裂を生じさせるようにしてもよい。
このように縦管に空気を圧入すると、縦管の貫通孔から圧縮空気が吹出し、地盤に多くの亀裂が生じる。このように地盤に多くの亀裂ができると、水平管や縦管の貫通孔から外部へ伝導した熱及びこの熱による蒸発水分が、亀裂を通って地上へ向かうので、より早く地盤の水分を蒸発させることができる。つまり、地盤の水分を素早く蒸発させることが可能になる。 A press-fitting means for press-fitting air into the ground may be inserted into the vertical pipe material, and the ground may be cracked by the air press-fitted into the ground by the press-fitting means.
When air is pressed into the vertical pipe in this way, compressed air is blown out from the through hole of the vertical pipe, and many cracks are generated in the ground. If there are many cracks in the ground in this way, the heat conducted to the outside from the through holes of the horizontal pipes and vertical pipes and the water evaporated by this heat will go to the ground through the cracks, so the water in the ground will be evaporated more quickly. Can be made. That is, it becomes possible to quickly evaporate the moisture of the ground.

本発明によれば、掘削対象地盤の含水率を下げることができるので、掘削土の仮置きスペースの無い都市部等の狭小地でも、掘削土の仮置き場を必要とすることなく地盤の掘削を行うことができる。或いは、掘削土の仮置き時間を短縮することができる。   According to the present invention, since the moisture content of the ground to be excavated can be lowered, even in a small area such as an urban area where there is no temporary storage space for excavated soil, the ground can be excavated without requiring a temporary storage site for excavated soil. It can be carried out. Or the temporary placement time of excavated soil can be shortened.

本発明の実施形態に係る地盤改良方法を説明するための図であって、（ａ）は地盤の平面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）のＡ−Ａ断面図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the ground improvement method which concerns on embodiment of this invention, Comprising: (a) is a top view of a ground, (b) is AA sectional drawing of (a). 本実施形態の変形例１に係る地盤改良方法を説明するための地盤の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the ground for demonstrating the ground improvement method which concerns on the modification 1 of this embodiment. 本実施形態の変形例２に係る地盤改良方法に用いられる圧入手段の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the press fit means used for the ground improvement method which concerns on the modification 2 of this embodiment.

＜実施形態の構成＞
以下、本発明の実施形態を、図面を参照して説明する。 <Configuration of Embodiment>
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示すように、本実施形態に係る地盤改良方法は、掘削対象となる地盤１０の含水率を下げるために実施されるものであり、水平状態の横管（水平方向の管材）１１と、横管１１に挿入されたスチームヒータ管１２ａと、横管１１に対して垂直に配置された縦管（垂直方向の管材）１４とを使用する。横管１１及び縦管１４は、地盤１０の中に配置し、スチームヒータ管１２ａの基端には、スチームヒータ本体１２を連結した。   As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), the ground improvement method according to the present embodiment is carried out in order to reduce the moisture content of the ground 10 to be excavated. Horizontal pipe) 11, a steam heater pipe 12 a inserted in the horizontal pipe 11, and a vertical pipe (vertical pipe) 14 disposed perpendicular to the horizontal pipe 11 are used. The horizontal tube 11 and the vertical tube 14 were disposed in the ground 10, and the steam heater main body 12 was connected to the proximal end of the steam heater tube 12 a.

横管１１及び縦管１４は、両端が開口した筒状を成し、周回壁に多数の貫通孔を有している。スチームヒータ管１２ａは、両端が開口したＵ字型の筒状を成し、周回壁に多数の貫通孔を有している。   The horizontal tube 11 and the vertical tube 14 have a cylindrical shape with both ends opened, and have a large number of through holes in the circumferential wall. The steam heater pipe 12a has a U-shaped cylindrical shape with both ends opened, and has a large number of through holes in the circumferential wall.

但し、横管１１は、先端が閉塞したタイプのものでもよい。また、１つのスチームヒータ本体１２に１本のスチームヒータ管１２ａが連結された構成としたが、１つのスチームヒータ本体１２が大型のものであって、これに複数本のスチームヒータ本体１２が連結されている構成であってもよい。
なお、スチームヒータ管１２ａ及びスチームヒータ本体１２により加熱手段が構成されている。但し、加熱手段としては、スチームヒータ管１２ａ以外に、電熱棒等の電力による加熱装置であってもよい。 However, the horizontal tube 11 may be of the type whose tip is closed. In addition, although one steam heater tube 12a is connected to one steam heater body 12, one steam heater body 12 is large, and a plurality of steam heater bodies 12 are connected to this. It may be configured.
The steam heater pipe 12a and the steam heater body 12 constitute a heating means. However, the heating means may be a heating device using electric power such as an electric heating rod in addition to the steam heater tube 12a.

また、図１（ａ）に示すように、横管１１は、所定間隔Ｌ１で配置されている。この配置に伴ってスチームヒータ管１２ａの基端に連結されたスチームヒータ本体１２も所定間隔Ｌ１に対応した間隔で配置されている。   Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, the horizontal tubes 11 are arranged at a predetermined interval L1. With this arrangement, the steam heater main body 12 connected to the proximal end of the steam heater pipe 12a is also arranged at an interval corresponding to the predetermined interval L1.

また、各横管１１の上方には、所定間隔で複数本の縦管１４が配列されている。   In addition, a plurality of vertical tubes 14 are arranged above each horizontal tube 11 at a predetermined interval.

地盤１０の含水率は、処分場の受入れ基準値よりも高い土壌であるとする。また、地盤１０は、法面１０ａを有する。
なお、地盤１０が予めこのような法面１０ａを有する地形で無い場合、地盤１０に所定サイズの穴を掘り、この穴の斜面を法面１０ａとする。 It is assumed that the moisture content of the ground 10 is higher than the acceptance standard value of the disposal site. The ground 10 has a slope 10a.
In addition, when the ground 10 is not the topography which has such a slope 10a beforehand, the hole of a predetermined size is dug in the ground 10, and the slope of this hole is made into the slope 10a.

このような地盤１０の建築工事に係る掘削範囲において、建設工事のための掘削を行う前に、法面１０ａの下方位置において、周知の筒状のケーシングを有するボーリング装置（図示せず）によって、法面１０ａから所定位置まで削孔する。次に、ボーリングロッドを引き抜き、横管１１をケーシング内に挿入し、削孔に用いられたケーシングを引き抜いて横管１１を地盤１０中に残置する。これによって、図１（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示すように、横管１１が地盤１０の中に配置される。   In such an excavation range related to the construction work of the ground 10, before excavation for construction work, at a position below the slope 10a, by a boring device (not shown) having a known cylindrical casing, A hole is drilled from the slope 10a to a predetermined position. Next, the boring rod is pulled out, the horizontal pipe 11 is inserted into the casing, the casing used for drilling is pulled out, and the horizontal pipe 11 is left in the ground 10. Thereby, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the horizontal tube 11 is arranged in the ground 10.

次に、横管１１の上方の地面からボーリングによって、横管１１に対して垂直方向（又は鉛直方向）に横管１１の位置まで削孔し、この削孔に用いられるケーシング内に縦管１４を挿入し、削孔に用いたケーシングを引き抜いて縦管１４として残置する。この動作を複数回行うと、図１（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示すように、複数本の縦管１４が横管１１の上方に垂直状態で配置される。   Next, a hole is drilled from the ground above the horizontal tube 11 to the position of the horizontal tube 11 in the vertical direction (or vertical direction) with respect to the horizontal tube 11, and the vertical tube 14 is placed in the casing used for this drilling. Then, the casing used for drilling is pulled out and left as a vertical tube 14. When this operation is performed a plurality of times, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the plurality of vertical tubes 14 are arranged vertically above the horizontal tube 11.

次に、横管１１の中に、その先端までスチームヒータ管１２ａをＵ字側から挿入し、スチームヒータ管１２ａの一端をスチームヒータ本体１２に接続する。これによって、地盤改良方法を実施するための準備が完了する。その後、横管１１、スチームヒータ管１２ａ、縦管１４を引き抜き、地盤１０を掘削する。   Next, the steam heater tube 12 a is inserted into the horizontal tube 11 from the U-shape to the tip, and one end of the steam heater tube 12 a is connected to the steam heater body 12. Thereby, the preparation for implementing the ground improvement method is completed. Then, the horizontal pipe 11, the steam heater pipe 12a, and the vertical pipe 14 are pulled out, and the ground 10 is excavated.

＜実施形態の動作＞
この後、スチームヒータ本体１２から矢印Ｙ１で示すように高熱のスチームを、スチームヒータ管１２ａの管内へ連続して噴出する。この噴出によりスチームが管内を通って矢印Ｙ２で示すように先端から大気へ排出される。 <Operation of Embodiment>
Thereafter, high-temperature steam is continuously ejected from the steam heater main body 12 into the steam heater pipe 12a as indicated by an arrow Y1. As a result of this jetting, steam passes through the pipe and is discharged from the tip to the atmosphere as indicated by arrow Y2.

この際、スチームヒータ管１２ａ内を通過するスチームは、図１（ｂ）に多数の波線で示すように、スチームヒータ管１２ａの多数の貫通孔から排出され、更に横管１１の多数の貫通孔を介して地盤１０内及び縦管１４の管内へ排出される。縦管１４の管内へ排出されたスチームは、管内を通過して上端の開口から大気へ排出される。この際、縦管１４内を通過するスチームは、図１（ｂ）に多数の波線で示すように、縦管１４の多数の貫通孔から地盤１０内へ排出される。   At this time, the steam passing through the steam heater tube 12a is discharged from a large number of through holes of the steam heater tube 12a as shown by a large number of wavy lines in FIG. Through the ground 10 and into the pipe of the vertical pipe 14. The steam discharged into the pipe of the vertical pipe 14 passes through the pipe and is discharged from the opening at the upper end to the atmosphere. At this time, the steam passing through the vertical pipe 14 is discharged into the ground 10 from a large number of through holes of the vertical pipe 14 as indicated by a large number of wavy lines in FIG.

地盤１０内へ排出された高熱のスチームによる熱は、地盤１０内を伝導しながら地盤１０を加熱して水分を蒸発させる。この蒸発により地盤１０の含水率が低下して乾くので、所定時間、地盤１０を加熱すれば、地盤１０の含水率が低下して処分場の受入れ基準値よりも低くなる。   The heat from the high-temperature steam discharged into the ground 10 heats the ground 10 while conducting through the ground 10 to evaporate moisture. Since the moisture content of the ground 10 is lowered and dried by this evaporation, if the ground 10 is heated for a predetermined time, the moisture content of the ground 10 is lowered and becomes lower than the acceptance standard value of the disposal site.

＜実施形態の効果＞
本実施形態の地盤改良方法では、掘削対象となる地盤１０の含水率を下げるために、地盤１０の中に管材としての横管１１を配置し、横管１１内に加熱手段としてのスチームヒータ管１２ａを挿入して地盤１０を加熱するようにした。 <Effect of embodiment>
In the ground improvement method of this embodiment, in order to reduce the moisture content of the ground 10 to be excavated, a horizontal pipe 11 as a pipe material is disposed in the ground 10, and a steam heater pipe as a heating means is disposed in the horizontal pipe 11. 12a was inserted and the ground 10 was heated.

この方法によれば、加熱手段の発熱による熱が横管１１を介して地盤１０へ伝導し、伝導熱により地盤１０内の水分が蒸発するので、地盤１０の含水率を下げることができる。従って、掘削土の仮置きスペースの無い狭小地でも、掘削土の仮置き場を必要とすることなく地盤１０の掘削を行うことができる。   According to this method, the heat generated by the heating means is conducted to the ground 10 through the horizontal tube 11, and the moisture in the ground 10 is evaporated by the conduction heat. Therefore, the moisture content of the ground 10 can be lowered. Accordingly, the ground 10 can be excavated even in a narrow area where there is no temporary storage space for excavated soil, without requiring a temporary storage site for excavated soil.

又は、地盤１０の加熱により、地盤１０の含水率が処分場の受入れ基準値よりも低くならなかった場合でも、地盤１０内の水分は蒸発しているので、この蒸発した掘削土を仮置きすれば、仮置き時間を短縮することができる。   Or even if the moisture content of the ground 10 does not become lower than the acceptance standard value of the disposal site due to the heating of the ground 10, the water in the ground 10 has evaporated, so this evaporated excavated soil is temporarily placed. In this case, the temporary placement time can be shortened.

また、横管１１は周壁に多数の貫通孔を有する有孔管であり、この場合、加熱手段としてスチームヒータ管１２ａを用いれば、電力による加熱装置を用いるよりも、コストが低く、素早い加熱が可能となり、より広範囲に地盤１０を加熱することができる。   Further, the horizontal tube 11 is a perforated tube having a large number of through holes in the peripheral wall. In this case, if the steam heater tube 12a is used as the heating means, the cost is lower and quick heating is possible than using a heating device using electric power. It becomes possible, and the ground 10 can be heated in a wider range.

また、横管１１を水平方向に配置し、横管１１の上部（又は上方）に当該横管１１に対して垂直方向に複数の縦管１４を配置してもよい。
この配置によれば、水平な横管１１内でスチームヒータ管１２ａが発熱すると、横管１１の貫通孔を介して熱が地盤１０へ伝導する。この際、横管１１の上部に複数の縦管１４の開口が位置するので、横管１１の貫通孔から外へ伝導する熱が、縦管１４の内部を上方へ向かって伝導すると共に、縦管１４の貫通孔から地盤１０へ伝導する。このため、地盤１０を広範囲に渡って加熱することができ、地盤１０の含水率を効率良く低下させることができる。 Alternatively, the horizontal pipe 11 may be arranged in the horizontal direction, and a plurality of vertical pipes 14 may be arranged in the vertical direction with respect to the horizontal pipe 11 above (or above) the horizontal pipe 11.
According to this arrangement, when the steam heater tube 12 a generates heat in the horizontal horizontal tube 11, heat is conducted to the ground 10 through the through hole of the horizontal tube 11. At this time, since the openings of the plurality of vertical tubes 14 are located at the upper portion of the horizontal tube 11, heat conducted to the outside from the through hole of the horizontal tube 11 is conducted upward in the vertical tube 14, and Conduction from the through hole of the tube 14 to the ground 10. For this reason, the ground 10 can be heated over a wide range, and the moisture content of the ground 10 can be efficiently reduced.

＜実施形態の変形例１＞
図２は本発明の実施形態の変形例１に係る地盤改良方法を説明するための、地盤１０の断面図である。この図２は図１（ｂ）の断面図に対応している。
本変形例１の地盤改良方法が、上述した実施形態の地盤改良方法と異なる点は、図２に示すように掘削対象となる地盤１０が、左右に法面１０ａ，１０ｂを備える断面台形状であり、この地盤１０に真直ぐなスチームヒータ管１２ｂ及び横管１１ａを用いるようにした点にある。 <Modification 1 of Embodiment>
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ground 10 for explaining a ground improvement method according to Modification 1 of the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 corresponds to the cross-sectional view of FIG.
The ground improvement method of the present modification 1 is different from the ground improvement method of the above-described embodiment in that the ground 10 to be excavated has a trapezoidal cross section with slopes 10a and 10b on the left and right as shown in FIG. There is a point that a straight steam heater pipe 12b and a horizontal pipe 11a are used for the ground 10.

スチームヒータ管１２ｂは、両端が開口した真直ぐな筒状を成し、周回壁に多数の貫通孔を有する管材である。また、横管１１ａは、図１に示したＵ字型のスチームヒータ管１２ａを入れる横管１１よりも小径の管材である。横管１１ａには直線状のスチームヒータ管１２ｂが挿入される。
なお、地盤１０は、本例では断面台形状としたが、対向端面が切り立った壁面状やえぐれた壁面状であってもよい。 The steam heater tube 12b is a tube material having a straight cylindrical shape with both ends opened and having a large number of through holes in the circumferential wall. Further, the horizontal pipe 11a is a pipe material having a smaller diameter than the horizontal pipe 11 into which the U-shaped steam heater pipe 12a shown in FIG. A straight steam heater tube 12b is inserted into the horizontal tube 11a.
Although the ground 10 has a trapezoidal cross section in this example, the ground 10 may have a wall shape with a sharp facing end face or a hollow wall shape.

このような断面台形状の地盤１０に対して地盤改良方法を適用する場合には、右側の法面１０ａの下方位置から、ボーリング装置（図示せず）によって水平方向に左側の法面１０ｂに突き抜けるように削孔を行い、横管１１ａをケーシング内に挿入し、削孔に用いられたケーシングを引き抜いて、横管１１ａとして残置する。これによって、図２に示すように、横管１１ａの中に水平状態に、右側の法面１０ａから左側の法面１０ｂを突き抜ける状態で配置される。   When the ground improvement method is applied to the ground 10 having a trapezoidal cross section, the boring device (not shown) penetrates the left slope 10b horizontally from a position below the right slope 10a. In this way, the hole is drilled, the horizontal pipe 11a is inserted into the casing, the casing used for the hole drilling is pulled out, and left as the horizontal pipe 11a. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal pipe 11a is disposed in a horizontal state in a state of penetrating from the right slope 10a to the left slope 10b.

次に、横管１１ａの上方側において、上述した実施形態と同様に複数本の縦管１４を配置する。
次に、横管１１ａの中に、この横管１１ａを突き抜ける状態にスチームヒータ管１２ｂを挿入し、このスチームヒータ管１２ｂをスチームヒータ本体１２に連結する。 Next, a plurality of vertical tubes 14 are arranged on the upper side of the horizontal tube 11a as in the above-described embodiment.
Next, the steam heater pipe 12b is inserted into the horizontal pipe 11a so as to penetrate the horizontal pipe 11a, and the steam heater pipe 12b is connected to the steam heater main body 12.

この後、スチームヒータ本体１２から矢印Ｙ１で示すように高熱のスチームを、スチームヒータ管１２ｂの管内へ連続して噴出すると、スチームが管内を通って矢印Ｙ３で示すように先端から大気へ排出される。この際、上述の実施形態と同様に、スチームが、スチームヒータ管１２ｂ及び横管１１ａの多数の貫通孔を介して地盤１０内及び縦管１４の管内へ排出される。この排出されたスチームは、更に、縦管１４内を通過して大気へ排出されると共に、縦管１４の多数の貫通孔から地盤１０内へ排出される。   Thereafter, when hot steam is continuously ejected from the steam heater body 12 into the steam heater pipe 12b as shown by an arrow Y1, the steam passes through the pipe and is discharged from the tip to the atmosphere as shown by an arrow Y3. The At this time, as in the above-described embodiment, steam is discharged into the ground 10 and the vertical pipe 14 through the numerous through holes of the steam heater pipe 12b and the horizontal pipe 11a. The discharged steam further passes through the vertical pipe 14 and is discharged to the atmosphere, and is discharged into the ground 10 from a large number of through holes of the vertical pipe 14.

横管１１ａ及び縦管１４の多数の貫通孔から、地盤１０内へ排出された高熱のスチームによって、地盤１０が加熱されて水分が蒸発する。従って、本変形例１の地盤改良方法によっても、上述した実施形態と同様の効果を得ることが可能となる。   The ground 10 is heated by high-temperature steam discharged into the ground 10 from a large number of through-holes of the horizontal tube 11a and the vertical tube 14, and moisture is evaporated. Therefore, also by the ground improvement method of the first modification, it is possible to obtain the same effect as the above-described embodiment.

なお、本変形例１の地盤改良方法においても、加熱手段が電熱棒等の電力による加熱装置であってもよい。
また、上述の実施形態及び変形例１においては、地盤１０の中に横管１１，１１ａを水平状態に配置し、縦管１４を水平な横管１１，１１ａに対して垂直に配置するようにしたが、横管１１，１１ａを傾斜状態に配置してもよい。 In the ground improvement method of the first modification, the heating means may be a heating device using electric power such as an electric heating rod.
Moreover, in the above-mentioned embodiment and the modification 1, the horizontal pipes 11 and 11a are arrange | positioned in the ground in the ground 10, and the vertical pipe 14 is arrange | positioned perpendicularly | vertically with respect to the horizontal horizontal pipes 11 and 11a. However, the horizontal tubes 11 and 11a may be arranged in an inclined state.

この傾斜状態の配置の場合、縦管１４はこの下端開口が、傾斜状態の横管１１，１１ａの表面に近接、又は開口縁が一部当接する状態に鉛直状態（図２と同様な垂直状態）に配置する。又は、縦管１４も傾斜状態に配置し、この傾斜状態の縦管１４の下端開口が、傾斜状態の横管１１，１１ａに近接、又は開口縁が一部当接する状態に配置してもよい。この場合、斜めの縦管１４の上端開口は、図１又は図２同様に大気に連通した状態とする。   In the case of this inclined arrangement, the vertical tube 14 is in a vertical state in which the lower end opening is close to the surface of the inclined horizontal tubes 11 and 11a or a part of the opening edge abuts (a vertical state similar to FIG. 2). ). Alternatively, the vertical pipe 14 may also be arranged in an inclined state, and the lower end opening of the inclined vertical pipe 14 may be arranged in the vicinity of the inclined horizontal pipes 11 and 11a or in a state in which the opening edge is partially in contact. . In this case, the upper end opening of the oblique vertical tube 14 is in a state of communicating with the atmosphere as in FIG. 1 or FIG.

＜実施形態の変形例２＞
図３は本発明の実施形態の変形例２に係る地盤改良方法に用いられる圧入手段２１の構成を示す断面図である。
本変形例２の地盤改良方法が、上述した実施形態及び変形例１の地盤改良方法と異なる点は、図３に示すように、縦管１４に圧入手段２１を用いた点にある。 <Modification 2 of Embodiment>
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the press-fitting means 21 used in the ground improvement method according to the second modification of the embodiment of the present invention.
The ground improvement method according to the second modification differs from the ground improvement method according to the above-described embodiment and the first modification is that a press-fitting means 21 is used in the vertical pipe 14 as shown in FIG.

圧入手段２１は、圧縮空気を空気噴出口から噴出するコンプレッサ２１ａと、コンプレッサ２１ａの空気噴出口に連結された空気噴出管２１ｂと、空気噴出管２１ｂに所定間隔開けた上下位置に空気が封入排出されるように一体に取り付けられた上パッカー２１ｃ及び下パッカー２１ｄとを備えて構成されている。空気噴出管２１ｂは、上パッカー２１ｃ及び下パッカー２１ｄが萎んだ状態で縦管１４に挿入され、コンプレッサ２１ａから空気が噴出されることで、上パッカー２１ｃ及び下パッカー２１ｄが空気で膨らんで、縦管１４の上方及び下方の内壁に嵌合される状態となる。   The press-fitting means 21 includes a compressor 21a that ejects compressed air from an air outlet, an air ejection pipe 21b that is connected to the air ejection outlet of the compressor 21a, and air that is enclosed and discharged at a vertical position spaced apart from the air ejection pipe 21b. The upper packer 21c and the lower packer 21d that are integrally attached as described above are provided. The air ejection pipe 21b is inserted into the vertical pipe 14 with the upper packer 21c and the lower packer 21d deflated, and air is ejected from the compressor 21a, so that the upper packer 21c and the lower packer 21d are swollen with air. The pipe 14 is in a state of being fitted to the upper and lower inner walls.

このような圧入手段２１を組み付けた縦管１４の内部には、所定間隔離間した上パッカー２１ｃと下パッカー２１ｄとによって閉塞空間２１ｅが形成される。但し、閉塞空間２１ｅは、縦管１４の壁面に多数の貫通孔が形成されているので、完全な閉塞空間ではなく、半閉塞空間となっている。   A closed space 21e is formed in the vertical tube 14 to which such a press-fitting means 21 is assembled by an upper packer 21c and a lower packer 21d that are spaced apart by a predetermined distance. However, the closed space 21e is not a completely closed space but a semi-closed space because a large number of through holes are formed in the wall surface of the vertical tube 14.

また、圧入手段２１の縦管１４への組み付けは、図１又は図２に示す各々の縦管１４に対して上記のように行う。以降、図２に示す縦管１４を代表して説明する。
本変形例２の地盤改良方法を実施する場合、図３に示すように、縦管１４に空気噴出管２１ｂを挿入して下方内壁に下パッカー２１ｄが、上方内壁に上パッカー２１ｃが位置する状態に、圧入手段２１を縦管１４に組み付ける。 Further, the press-fitting means 21 is assembled to the vertical pipe 14 as described above with respect to each vertical pipe 14 shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. Hereinafter, the vertical tube 14 shown in FIG. 2 will be described as a representative.
When the ground improvement method according to the second modification is carried out, as shown in FIG. 3, the air ejection pipe 21b is inserted into the vertical pipe 14, and the lower packer 21d is positioned on the lower inner wall, and the upper packer 21c is positioned on the upper inner wall. Next, the press-fitting means 21 is assembled to the vertical tube 14.

この後、コンプレッサ２１ａを起動して圧縮空気を、矢印Ｙ４で示すように空気噴出管２１ｂから閉塞空間２１ｅへ噴出する。この噴出された圧縮空気は、矢印Ｙ４ａ〜Ｙ４ｃで示すように多数の貫通孔から地盤１０へ勢い良く噴出される。この空気の噴出によって地盤１０に図示せぬ亀裂が多数発生する。   Then, the compressor 21a is started and compressed air is ejected from the air ejection pipe 21b to the closed space 21e as indicated by an arrow Y4. The jetted compressed air is jetted to the ground 10 from a large number of through holes as indicated by arrows Y4a to Y4c. A large number of cracks (not shown) are generated in the ground 10 by the ejection of air.

次に、縦管１４から圧入手段２１を取り外した後、スチームヒータ本体１２からスチームヒータ管１２ｂを介して高熱のスチームを噴出する。この噴出されたスチームは、横管１１ａ及び縦管１４の多数の貫通孔を介して地盤１０へ排出される。更に、その排出された高熱のスチームは、地盤１０に発生した多数の亀裂を通って排出される。つまり、高熱のスチームによる熱と、この熱により地盤１０が加熱されて水分が蒸発した蒸発水分とが、多数の亀裂を通って大気側（地上側）等の低圧力側へ排出される。   Next, after removing the press-fitting means 21 from the vertical pipe 14, high-heat steam is ejected from the steam heater body 12 through the steam heater pipe 12b. The jetted steam is discharged to the ground 10 through a large number of through holes of the horizontal pipe 11a and the vertical pipe 14. Further, the discharged high-temperature steam is discharged through a large number of cracks generated in the ground 10. That is, the heat from the high-temperature steam and the evaporated water in which the ground 10 is heated by this heat and the water is evaporated are discharged to the low pressure side such as the atmosphere side (the ground side) through many cracks.

但し、圧入手段２１を縦管１４へ組み付ける前に、地盤１０に対して次の処理を行うとより亀裂を発生し易くなる。即ち、図２に示すスチームヒータ本体１２から矢印Ｙ１で示すように高熱のスチームを噴出して地盤１０を加熱し、地盤１０を含水率の高い状態から、含水率がある程度低い状態に乾かしておく。例えば、地盤１０の土壌を人が手で圧縮すれば固まる程度に乾かしておく。この有る程度乾いた状態により、亀裂が発生し易くなる。   However, if the following process is performed on the ground 10 before the press-fitting means 21 is assembled to the vertical pipe 14, cracks are more likely to occur. That is, as shown by the arrow Y1 from the steam heater main body 12 shown in FIG. 2, high-heat steam is jetted to heat the ground 10, and the ground 10 is dried from a high moisture content to a low moisture content to some extent. . For example, if the soil of the ground 10 is compressed by hand, it is dried to such an extent that it hardens. Due to the dry state, cracks are likely to occur.

このように、本変形例２の地盤改良方法によれば、縦管１４に、地盤１０に空気を圧入する圧入手段としての圧入手段２１を挿入し、この圧入手段２１により地盤１０に圧入した空気で、地盤１０に多くの亀裂を生じさせるようにした。
このように地盤１０に多くの亀裂を生じさせると、横管１１ａや縦管１４の貫通孔から外部へ伝導した熱及びこの熱による蒸発水分が、亀裂を通って地上へ向かうので、より早く地盤１０の水分を蒸発させることができる。つまり、地盤１０の水分を素早く蒸発させて乾かすことが可能となる。 As described above, according to the ground improvement method of the second modification, the press-fitting means 21 as the press-fitting means for press-fitting air into the ground 10 is inserted into the vertical pipe 14, and the air press-fitted into the ground 10 by the press-fitting means 21. Thus, many cracks were generated in the ground 10.
If many cracks are generated in the ground 10 in this way, the heat conducted to the outside from the through holes of the horizontal tube 11a and the vertical tube 14 and the evaporated water due to this heat go to the ground through the cracks. Ten moisture can be evaporated. That is, it becomes possible to quickly evaporate the moisture of the ground 10 and dry it.

このよう亀裂を発生させる地盤１０としては、特に、透水係数の小さい粘性土が対象となる。粘性土は、水が透過しにくいので上記の蒸発水分も透過しにくく乾燥させづらい。しかし、多数の亀裂ができることで蒸発水分がその亀裂を通るので乾燥させ易くなる。   As the ground 10 for generating such cracks, in particular, a viscous soil having a small hydraulic conductivity is a target. Cohesive soil is difficult to dry because it is difficult for water to permeate and the above evaporating water also permeates. However, since a large number of cracks are formed, the evaporated moisture passes through the cracks, so that it is easy to dry.

１０ 地盤
１０ａ，１０ｂ 法面
１１，１１ａ 横管
１２ スチームヒータ本体
１２ａ，１２ｂ スチームヒータ管
１４ 縦管
２１ 圧入手段
２１ａ コンプレッサ
２１ｂ 空気噴出管
２１ｃ 上パッカー
２１ｄ 下パッカー
２１ｅ 閉塞空間 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Ground 10a, 10b Slope 11, 11a Horizontal pipe 12 Steam heater main body 12a, 12b Steam heater pipe 14 Vertical pipe 21 Press fitting means 21a Compressor 21b Air jet pipe 21c Upper packer 21d Lower packer 21e Closed space

Claims (4)

掘削対象となる地盤の含水率を下げる地盤改良方法であって、
前記地盤の中に管材を配置し、当該管材内に加熱手段を挿入して前記地盤を加熱することを特徴とする地盤改良方法。 A ground improvement method for lowering the moisture content of ground to be excavated,
A ground improvement method, comprising: arranging a pipe material in the ground; and inserting a heating means into the pipe material to heat the ground. 前記管材は有孔管であり、前記加熱手段はスチームヒータである
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の地盤改良方法。 The ground improvement method according to claim 1, wherein the pipe is a perforated pipe, and the heating means is a steam heater. 前記管材を、水平方向及び当該水平方向に対する垂直方向に配置し、水平方向の前記管材に前記加熱手段を挿入する
ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の地盤改良方法。 The ground improvement method according to claim 2, wherein the pipe material is arranged in a horizontal direction and a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction, and the heating means is inserted into the horizontal pipe material. 前記垂直方向の管材に、前記地盤に空気を圧入する圧入手段を挿入し、当該圧入手段により地盤に圧入した空気で地盤に亀裂を生じさせる
ことを特徴とする請求項３に記載の地盤改良方法。 The ground improvement method according to claim 3, wherein a press-fitting means for press-fitting air into the ground is inserted into the vertical pipe material, and the ground is cracked by the air press-fitted into the ground by the press-fitting means. .
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CN106192983A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-12-07 吴智彪 A kind of method of medium-high frequency sensing heating sandy soil hardening
CN106703052A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 三峡大学 Device for reducing slope water content by solar energy and method thereof

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CN106192983A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-12-07 吴智彪 A kind of method of medium-high frequency sensing heating sandy soil hardening
CN106703052A (en) * 2016-12-14 2017-05-24 三峡大学 Device for reducing slope water content by solar energy and method thereof

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