JP2014196765A - Slide member and slide bearing - Google Patents

Slide member and slide bearing Download PDF

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JP2014196765A
JP2014196765A JP2013072020A JP2013072020A JP2014196765A JP 2014196765 A JP2014196765 A JP 2014196765A JP 2013072020 A JP2013072020 A JP 2013072020A JP 2013072020 A JP2013072020 A JP 2013072020A JP 2014196765 A JP2014196765 A JP 2014196765A
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dense
sliding member
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JP6091962B2 (en
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仁志 和田
Hitoshi Wada
仁志 和田
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Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology capable of inexpensively achieving conformability and resistance to fatigue fracture.SOLUTION: In a slide member and a slide bearing, a coating layer having a sliding surface where an opposite material slides is formed on a base layer of the slide member. The coating layer includes a coarse layer that is formed of a crystal of a coating material and that has a thickness of 2 μm or more, and a dense layer that is formed of a crystal of a coating material having crystal grains denser than crystal grains of the coarse layer and that has a thickness of 1 μm or less.

Description

本発明は、摺動面にて相手軸が摺動する摺動部材およびすべり軸受に関する。   The present invention relates to a sliding member and a plain bearing in which a mating shaft slides on a sliding surface.

Ｃｕ合金上にＢｉの被覆層を形成し、当該被覆層上において相手材を摺動させる技術が知られている（特許文献１、参照。）。特許文献１において、Ｂｉの被覆層の下層にＡｇの中間層を形成している。これにより、Ｂｉによるなじみ性を向上させるとともに、Ａｇによって疲労破壊を防止できる。   A technique is known in which a Bi coating layer is formed on a Cu alloy, and a mating material is slid on the coating layer (see Patent Document 1). In Patent Document 1, an Ag intermediate layer is formed under the Bi coating layer. Thereby, the conformability by Bi can be improved, and fatigue failure can be prevented by Ag.

特開２００６−２６６４４５号公報JP 2006-266445 A

しかしながら、特許文献１において、ＢｉとＡｇとで被覆層を形成しなければならず、製造コストが増大するという問題があった。
本発明は、前記課題にかんがみてなされたもので、低コストでなじみ性と疲労破壊の耐性とが実現できる技術を提供することを目的とする。 However, in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that a coating layer has to be formed with Bi and Ag, and the manufacturing cost increases.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of realizing conformability and fatigue fracture resistance at low cost.

前記の目的を達成するため、本発明の摺動部材およびすべり軸受において、基層上に、相手材が摺動する摺動面を有する被覆層が形成される。この被覆層は、被覆材料の結晶によって形成され、厚みが２μｍ以上の粗大層と、粗大層よりも結晶粒が緻密な被覆材料の結晶で形成され、厚みが１μｍ以下の緻密層とを備える。被覆材料の粗大な結晶で形成された粗大層は、緻密層よりも軟らかいため、粗大層によって良好ななじみ性を実現できる。被覆材料の緻密な結晶で形成された緻密層は、粗大層よりも硬いため、緻密層によって良好な疲労破壊の耐性を実現できる。緻密層と粗大層とを同一の被覆材料で形成できるため、低コストでなじみ性と疲労破壊の耐性とが実現できる。また、粗大層の厚みを２μｍ以上とし、緻密層の厚みを１μｍ以下とすることにより、被覆層が不均一に摩耗した場合に、粗大層と緻密層とを同時に相手材側に露出させることができ、粗大層による良好ななじみ性と、緻密層による良好な疲労破壊の耐性とを両立させることができる。また、粗大層と緻密層との界面において大きさの異なる結晶粒の境界を形成することができ、疲労破壊が粗大層と緻密層との界面を貫通することを防止できる。   In order to achieve the above object, in the sliding member and the sliding bearing of the present invention, a coating layer having a sliding surface on which the counterpart material slides is formed on the base layer. The coating layer is formed of a crystal of the coating material, and includes a coarse layer having a thickness of 2 μm or more and a dense layer having a crystal grain finer than the coarse layer and having a thickness of 1 μm or less. Since the coarse layer formed of coarse crystals of the coating material is softer than the dense layer, good conformability can be realized by the coarse layer. Since the dense layer formed of the dense crystal of the coating material is harder than the coarse layer, the dense layer can realize good fatigue fracture resistance. Since the dense layer and the coarse layer can be formed of the same coating material, the conformability and the resistance to fatigue fracture can be realized at a low cost. Moreover, when the thickness of the coarse layer is 2 μm or more and the thickness of the dense layer is 1 μm or less, when the coating layer is worn unevenly, the coarse layer and the dense layer can be exposed to the counterpart material side at the same time. It is possible to achieve both good conformability by the coarse layer and good fatigue fracture resistance by the dense layer. In addition, crystal grain boundaries having different sizes can be formed at the interface between the coarse layer and the dense layer, and fatigue fracture can be prevented from penetrating the interface between the coarse layer and the dense layer.

また、粗大層は、厚み方向において２層の緻密層によって挟まれてもよい。これにより、摺動面側の緻密層が摩耗した場合でも、基層側の緻密層が存在することにより、疲労破壊の耐性を維持できる。   The coarse layer may be sandwiched between two dense layers in the thickness direction. Thereby, even when the dense layer on the sliding surface side is worn, the presence of the dense layer on the base layer side can maintain the resistance to fatigue fracture.

摺動部材の斜視図である。It is a perspective view of a sliding member. （２Ａ），（２Ｂ）は摺動部材の断面模式図である。(2A) and (2B) are schematic cross-sectional views of the sliding member.

ここでは、下記の順序に従って本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
（１）第１実施形態：
（１−１）摺動部材の構成：
（１−２）計測方法：
（１−３）摺動部材の製造方法：
（２）他の実施形態： Here, embodiments of the present invention will be described in the following order.
(1) First embodiment:
(1-1) Configuration of sliding member:
(1-2) Measuring method:
(1-3) Manufacturing method of sliding member:
(2) Other embodiments:

（１）第１実施形態：
（１−１）摺動部材の構成：
図１は、本発明の一実施形態にかかる摺動部材１の斜視図である。摺動部材１は、裏金１０とライニング１１とオーバーレイ１２とを含む。摺動部材１は、中空状の円筒を直径方向に２等分した半割形状の金属部材であり、断面が半円弧状となっている。２個の摺動部材１が円筒状になるように組み合わせることにより、すべり軸受Ａが形成される。すべり軸受Ａは内部に形成される中空部分にて円柱状の相手軸２（エンジンのクランクシャフト）を軸受けする。相手軸２の外径はすべり軸受Ａの内径よりもわずかに小さく形成されている。相手軸２の外周面と、すべり軸受Ａの内周面との間に形成される隙間に潤滑油（エンジンオイル）が供給される。その際に、すべり軸受Ａの内周面上を相手軸２の外周面が摺動する。 (1) First embodiment:
(1-1) Configuration of sliding member:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sliding member 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The sliding member 1 includes a back metal 10, a lining 11, and an overlay 12. The sliding member 1 is a half-divided metal member obtained by dividing a hollow cylinder into two equal parts in the diameter direction and has a semicircular cross section. The sliding bearing A is formed by combining the two sliding members 1 into a cylindrical shape. The slide bearing A supports a cylindrical mating shaft 2 (engine crankshaft) in a hollow portion formed inside. The outer diameter of the mating shaft 2 is formed slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the slide bearing A. Lubricating oil (engine oil) is supplied to a gap formed between the outer peripheral surface of the counterpart shaft 2 and the inner peripheral surface of the slide bearing A. At that time, the outer peripheral surface of the mating shaft 2 slides on the inner peripheral surface of the slide bearing A.

摺動部材１は、曲率中心から遠い順に、裏金１０とライニング１１とオーバーレイ１２とが順に積層された構造を有する。従って、裏金１０が摺動部材１の最外層を構成し、オーバーレイ１２が摺動部材１の最内層を構成する。裏金１０とライニング１１とオーバーレイ１２とは、それぞれ円周方向において一定の厚みを有している。裏金１０の厚みは１．３ｍｍであり、ライニング１１の厚みは０．２ｍｍであり、オーバーレイ１２の厚みは１２μｍである。オーバーレイ１２の曲率中心側の表面の半径（摺動部材１の内径）４０ｍｍである。以下、内側とは摺動部材１の曲率中心側を意味し、外側とは摺動部材１の曲率中心と反対側を意味することとする。オーバーレイ１２の内側の表面は、相手軸２の摺動面を構成する。   The sliding member 1 has a structure in which a back metal 10, a lining 11, and an overlay 12 are stacked in order from the center of curvature. Therefore, the back metal 10 constitutes the outermost layer of the sliding member 1, and the overlay 12 constitutes the innermost layer of the sliding member 1. The back metal 10, the lining 11 and the overlay 12 each have a constant thickness in the circumferential direction. The back metal 10 has a thickness of 1.3 mm, the lining 11 has a thickness of 0.2 mm, and the overlay 12 has a thickness of 12 μm. The radius of the surface on the curvature center side of the overlay 12 (inner diameter of the sliding member 1) is 40 mm. Hereinafter, the inside means the center of curvature of the sliding member 1, and the outside means the side opposite to the center of curvature of the sliding member 1. The inner surface of the overlay 12 constitutes the sliding surface of the counterpart shaft 2.

裏金１０は、Ｃを０．１５ｗｔ％含有し、Ｍｎを０．０６ｗｔ％含有し、残部がＦｅからなる鋼で形成されている。なお、裏金１０は、ライニング１１とオーバーレイ１２とを介して相手軸２からの荷重を支持できる材料で形成されればよく、必ずしも鋼で形成されなくてもよい。   The back metal 10 is made of steel containing 0.15 wt% C, 0.06 wt% Mn, and the balance being Fe. In addition, the back metal 10 should just be formed with the material which can support the load from the other party shaft 2 via the lining 11 and the overlay 12, and does not necessarily need to be formed with steel.

ライニング１１は、裏金１０の内側に積層された層であり、本発明の基層を構成する。ライニング１１は、Ｓｎを１０ｗｔ％含有し、Ｂｉを８ｗｔ％含有し、残部がＣｕと不可避不純物とからなる。ライニング１１の不可避不純物はＭｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｂ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｒ等であり、精錬もしくはスクラップにおいて混入する不純物である。不可避不純物の含有量は、全体で１．０ｗｔ％以下である。   The lining 11 is a layer laminated on the inner side of the back metal 10 and constitutes the base layer of the present invention. The lining 11 contains 10 wt% of Sn, 8 wt% of Bi, and the balance consists of Cu and inevitable impurities. Inevitable impurities of the lining 11 are Mg, Ti, B, Pb, Cr and the like, and are impurities mixed in refining or scrap. The content of inevitable impurities is 1.0 wt% or less as a whole.

オーバーレイ１２は、ライニング１１の内側の表面上に積層された層であり、本発明の被覆層を構成する。図２Ａは、オーバーレイ１２の層構成を説明する断面模式図である。なお、図２Ａにおいて、摺動部材１の曲率は無視することとする。本実施形態において、オーバーレイ１２は、４層の緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と、４層の粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４とで構成されている。ライニング１１の内側の表面に緻密層１２ａ１が形成され、摺動部材１の内側に向けて、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４とが交互に積層されている。緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４および粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４は、それぞれＢｉを９９ｗｔ％含有し、残部がＢｉと不可避不純物とからなる。本実施形態において、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４を構成するＢｉの結晶粒の平均粒径は０．５μｍであり、粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４を構成するＢｉの結晶粒の平均粒径は２．５μｍであった。緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４は、それぞれ平均厚みが１μｍとなっている。粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４は、それぞれ平均厚みが２μｍとなっている。   The overlay 12 is a layer laminated on the inner surface of the lining 11 and constitutes the coating layer of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating the layer configuration of overlay 12. In FIG. 2A, the curvature of the sliding member 1 is ignored. In the present embodiment, the overlay 12 includes four dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and four coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4. A dense layer 12 a 1 is formed on the inner surface of the lining 11, and dense layers 12 a 1 to 12 a 4 and coarse layers 12 b 1 to 12 b 4 are alternately laminated toward the inside of the sliding member 1. The dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 each contain 99 wt% Bi, with the balance being Bi and inevitable impurities. In this embodiment, the average grain size of Bi crystal grains constituting the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 is 0.5 μm, and the average grain diameter of Bi crystal grains constituting the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 is 2.5 μm. It was. The dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 each have an average thickness of 1 μm. Each of the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 has an average thickness of 2 μm.

図２Ｂは、オーバーレイ１２が摩耗する様子を説明する断面模式図である。同図に示すように、相手軸２がオーバーレイ１２の内側の表面上にて摺動することにより、内側の層から順にオーバーレイ１２が摩耗していく。例えば、最も内側の粗大層１２ｂ４が摩耗して消失した場合でも、２番目に内側の粗大層１２ｂ３が存在するため、なじみ性を維持することができる。同様に、最も内側の緻密層１２ａ４が摩耗して消失した場合でも、２番目に内側の緻密層１２ａ３が存在するため、疲労破壊の耐性を維持することができる。   FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating how the overlay 12 is worn. As shown in the figure, the overlay 12 wears in order from the inner layer as the counterpart shaft 2 slides on the inner surface of the overlay 12. For example, even when the innermost coarse layer 12b4 is worn away and lost, the second inner coarse layer 12b3 is present, so that the conformability can be maintained. Similarly, even when the innermost dense layer 12a4 is worn away and lost, the second inner dense layer 12a3 is present, so that the resistance to fatigue fracture can be maintained.

なお、相手軸２の形状や相手軸２からの荷重は、オーバーレイ１２の面方向において均一であることが理想であるが、現実には製造工程のばらつき等によって、相手軸２の形状や相手軸２からの荷重がオーバーレイ１２の面方向において不均一となる。従って、図２Ｂに示すように、オーバーレイ１２における摩耗の進行度合いに不均一さが生じる。オーバーレイ１２における摩耗の進行度合いが不均一であるため、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４のいずれかと粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４のいずれかとを同時に相手軸２側に露出させることができる。従って、オーバーレイ１２は、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４による良好な疲労破壊の耐性と、粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４による良好ななじみ性とを発揮できる。さらに、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４とはそれぞれ４層ずつ形成されているため、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４のいずれかと粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４のいずれかとが同時に相手軸２側に露出する状態を確保できるオーバーレイ１２の総厚を厚くすることができる。従って、長期間にわたって、オーバーレイ１２の良好な摺動特性を維持できる。さらに、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４との界面を複数形成することができるため、当該複数の界面を貫通するような破壊を抑制できる。   It should be noted that the shape of the mating shaft 2 and the load from the mating shaft 2 are ideally uniform in the surface direction of the overlay 12, but in reality, the shape of the mating shaft 2 and the mating shaft are due to variations in the manufacturing process. 2 is non-uniform in the surface direction of the overlay 12. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2B, non-uniformity occurs in the progress of wear in the overlay 12. Since the progress of wear in the overlay 12 is non-uniform, any one of the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and any one of the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 can be exposed to the counterpart shaft 2 side at the same time. Therefore, the overlay 12 can exhibit good fatigue fracture resistance due to the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and good conformability due to the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4. Furthermore, since each of the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 is formed in four layers, either the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and any of the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 are exposed to the opposite shaft 2 side at the same time. The total thickness of the overlay 12 that can ensure the state can be increased. Therefore, good sliding characteristics of the overlay 12 can be maintained over a long period of time. Furthermore, since a plurality of interfaces between the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 can be formed, it is possible to suppress breakage that penetrates the plurality of interfaces.

（１−２）計測方法：
上述した実施形態において示した各数値を以下の手法によって計測した。 摺動部材１の各層を構成する元素の質量は、ＩＣＰ発光分光分析装置（島津社製ＩＣＰＳ−８１００）によって計測した。 (1-2) Measuring method:
Each numerical value shown in the embodiment described above was measured by the following method. The mass of the elements constituting each layer of the sliding member 1 was measured with an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer (ICPS-8100 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).

ライニング１１におけるＢｉ粒子１１ｂの平均円相当径を以下の手順によって計測した。まず、ライニング１１の任意の断面（相手軸２の回転軸方向に垂直な方向に限らない）を粒子径２μｍのアルミナ粒子で研磨した。ライニング１１の断面のうち面積が０．０２ｍｍ2となる任意の観察視野範囲（縦０．１ｍｍ×横０．２ｍｍの矩形範囲）を電子顕微鏡（日本電子製 ＪＳＭ−６６１０Ａ）によって５００倍で撮影することにより、観察画像（反射電子像）の画像データを得た。そして、観察画像を画像解析装置（ニレコ社製 ルーゼックスII）に入力し、観察画像に存在するＢｉ粒子１１ｂの像を抽出した。Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの像の外縁にはエッジ（明度や彩度や色相角が所定値以上異なる境界）が存在する。そこで、画像解析装置によって、エッジによって閉じられた領域をＢｉ粒子１１ｂの像として観察画像から抽出した。 The average equivalent circle diameter of the Bi particles 11b in the lining 11 was measured by the following procedure. First, an arbitrary cross section of the lining 11 (not limited to a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis direction of the counterpart shaft 2) was polished with alumina particles having a particle diameter of 2 μm. An arbitrary observation visual field range (rectangular range of 0.1 mm length × 0.2 mm width) having an area of 0.02 mm 2 in the cross section of the lining 11 is photographed at 500 times with an electron microscope (JSM-6610A manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). As a result, image data of an observation image (reflection electron image) was obtained. Then, the observation image was input to an image analysis device (Lusex II manufactured by Nireco Corporation), and an image of Bi particles 11b present in the observation image was extracted. Edges (boundaries that differ in brightness, saturation, and hue angle by a predetermined value or more) exist at the outer edge of the image of the Bi particles 11b. Therefore, the region closed by the edge is extracted from the observation image as an image of the Bi particles 11b by the image analysis device.

そして、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの像を観察画像から抽出し、画像解析装置によって、観察視野範囲に存在するすべてのＢｉ粒子１１ｂの像について投影面積円相当径（計測パラメータ：ＨＥＹＷＯＯＤ）を計測した。投影面積円相当径とは、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの断面積と等しい面積を有する円の直径であり、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの像の面積と等しい面積を有する円の直径を倍率に基づいて現実の長さに換算した直径である。さらに、すべてのＢｉ粒子１１ｂの投影面積円相当径の算術平均値（合計値／粒子数）を平均円相当径として計測した。さらに、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの平均円相当径と等しい直径を有する円の面積に、観察視野範囲に存在するＢｉ粒子１１ｂの個数を乗算することにより、ライニング１１の断面上に存在するＢｉ粒子１１ｂの総面積を算出した。そして、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの総面積を観察視野範囲の面積で除算することにより、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの面積割合を計測した。なお、投影面積円相当径が１．０μｍ未満の場合、投影面積円相当径の信頼度や物質の特定の信頼度が低くなるため、Ｂｉ粒子１１ｂの平均円相当径等を算出する際に考慮しないこととした。   Then, an image of the Bi particle 11b was extracted from the observation image, and the projected area circle equivalent diameter (measurement parameter: HEYWOOD) was measured for all the Bi particle 11b images existing in the observation visual field range by the image analysis apparatus. The projected area equivalent circle diameter is a diameter of a circle having an area equal to the cross-sectional area of the Bi particle 11b, and the diameter of a circle having an area equal to the area of the image of the Bi particle 11b is set to an actual length based on the magnification. The converted diameter. Furthermore, the arithmetic average value (total value / number of particles) of the projected area equivalent circle diameter of all the Bi particles 11b was measured as the average equivalent circle diameter. Further, by multiplying the area of a circle having a diameter equal to the average equivalent circle diameter of the Bi particles 11b by the number of Bi particles 11b existing in the observation visual field range, the total number of Bi particles 11b existing on the cross section of the lining 11 is obtained. The area was calculated. Then, the area ratio of the Bi particles 11b was measured by dividing the total area of the Bi particles 11b by the area of the observation visual field range. Note that when the projected area equivalent circle diameter is less than 1.0 μm, the reliability of the projected area equivalent circle diameter and the specific reliability of the substance are low, so it is considered when calculating the average equivalent circle diameter of the Bi particles 11b. I decided not to.

各層の厚みは、以下の手順で計測した。まず、摺動部材１の直径方向の断面をクロスセクションポリッシャ（日本電子製 ＩＢ−０９０１０ＣＰ）で研磨した。そして、摺動部材１の断面を電子顕微鏡（日本電子製 ＪＳＭ−６６１０Ａ）によって７０００倍の倍率で撮影することにより、観察画像（反射電子像）の画像データを得た。そして、観察画像を画像解析装置（ニレコ社製 ルーゼックスII）に入力し、各層の膜面積を測定長さ（横）で微分（除）して膜厚を計測した。   The thickness of each layer was measured by the following procedure. First, the cross section in the diameter direction of the sliding member 1 was polished with a cross section polisher (IB-09010CP manufactured by JEOL). And the image data of the observation image (reflected electron image) was obtained by image | photographing the cross section of the sliding member 1 with a magnification of 7000 times with an electron microscope (JEOL JSM-6610A). Then, the observation image was input to an image analysis apparatus (Lusex II manufactured by Nireco), and the film area of each layer was differentiated (divided) by the measurement length (lateral) to measure the film thickness.

緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４におけるＢｉの結晶粒の平均粒径を以下の手順によって計測した。まず、オーバーレイ１２の任意の断面をクロスセクションポリッシャ（日本電子製 ＩＢ−０９０１０ＣＰ）で研磨した。緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４または粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４の断面のうち面積が０．０２ｍｍ2となる任意の観察視野範囲（縦０．１ｍｍ×横０．２ｍｍの矩形範囲）を電子顕微鏡（日本電子製 ＪＳＭ−６６１０Ａ）によって７０００倍の倍率で撮影することにより、観察画像（反射電子像）の画像データを得た。そして、観察画像において切片法を行うことにより、Ｂｉの結晶粒の粒径を計測した。さらに、すべてのＢｉの結晶粒の粒径の算術平均値（合計値／粒子数）を平均粒径として計測した。なお、粒径が０．１５μｍ未満の場合、粒径の信頼度が低くなるため、結晶粒の平均粒径を算出する際に考慮しないこととした。 The average grain size of Bi crystal grains in the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 was measured by the following procedure. First, an arbitrary cross section of the overlay 12 was polished with a cross section polisher (IB-09010CP manufactured by JEOL). An arbitrary observation visual field range (rectangular range of 0.1 mm length × 0.2 mm width) having an area of 0.02 mm 2 in the cross section of the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 or the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 is obtained with an electron microscope (JSM JSM The image data of the observation image (reflected electron image) was obtained by photographing at a magnification of 7000 times by −6610A). And the particle size of the crystal grain of Bi was measured by performing the section method in an observation image. Furthermore, the arithmetic average value (total value / number of particles) of the particle diameters of all Bi crystal grains was measured as the average particle diameter. In addition, since the reliability of a particle size will become low when a particle size is less than 0.15 micrometer, it was decided not to consider when calculating the average particle size of a crystal grain.

（１−３）摺動部材の製造方法：
まず、裏金１０と同じ厚みを有する低炭素鋼の平面板を用意した。
次に、低炭素鋼で形成された平面板上に、ライニング１１を構成する材料の粉末を散布した。具体的に、上述したライニング１１における各成分の質量比となるように、Ｃｕの粉末とＢｉの粉末とＳｎの粉末とを低炭素鋼の平面板上に散布した。ライニング１１における各成分の質量比が満足できればよく、Ｃｕ−Ｂｉ，Ｃｕ−Ｓｎ等の合金粉末を低炭素鋼の平面板上に散布してもよい。粉末の粒径は、試験用ふるい（ＪＩＳ Ｚ８８０１）によって１５０μｍ以下に調整した。 (1-3) Manufacturing method of sliding member:
First, a flat plate of low carbon steel having the same thickness as the back metal 10 was prepared.
Next, the powder of the material which comprises the lining 11 was sprayed on the plane board formed with the low carbon steel. Specifically, Cu powder, Bi powder, and Sn powder were dispersed on a flat plate of low-carbon steel so that the mass ratio of each component in the lining 11 described above was obtained. As long as the mass ratio of each component in the lining 11 can be satisfied, alloy powders such as Cu-Bi and Cu-Sn may be dispersed on a flat plate of low carbon steel. The particle size of the powder was adjusted to 150 μm or less using a test sieve (JIS Z8801).

次に、低炭素鋼の平面板と、当該平面板上に散布した粉末とを焼結した。焼結温度を７００〜１０００℃に制御し、不活性雰囲気中で焼結した。焼結後、冷却した。   Next, the flat plate of low carbon steel and the powder spread on the flat plate were sintered. Sintering temperature was controlled at 700-1000 degreeC, and it sintered in inert atmosphere. After sintering, it was cooled.

冷却が完了すると、低炭素鋼の平面板上にＣｕ合金層が形成される。このＣｕ合金層には、冷却中に析出した軟質のＢｉ粒子１１ｂが含まれることとなる。
次に、中空状の円筒を直径方向に２等分した形状となるように、Ｃｕ合金層が形成された低炭素鋼をプレス加工した。このとき、低炭素鋼の外径が摺動部材１の外径と一致するようにプレス加工した。 When cooling is completed, a Cu alloy layer is formed on the flat plate of low carbon steel. This Cu alloy layer contains soft Bi particles 11b that have precipitated during cooling.
Next, the low carbon steel on which the Cu alloy layer was formed was pressed so that the hollow cylinder was divided into two equal parts in the diameter direction. At this time, press working was performed so that the outer diameter of the low carbon steel coincided with the outer diameter of the sliding member 1.

次に、裏金１０上に形成されたＣｕ合金層の表面を切削加工した。このとき、裏金１０上に形成されたＣｕ合金層の厚みがライニング１１と同一となるように、切削量を制御した。これにより、切削加工後のＣｕ合金層によってライニング１１が形成できる。切削加工は、例えば焼結ダイヤモンドで形成された切削工具材をセットした旋盤によって行った。   Next, the surface of the Cu alloy layer formed on the back metal 10 was cut. At this time, the cutting amount was controlled so that the thickness of the Cu alloy layer formed on the back metal 10 was the same as that of the lining 11. Thereby, the lining 11 can be formed with the Cu alloy layer after cutting. For example, the cutting was performed by a lathe on which a cutting tool material formed of sintered diamond was set.

次に、ライニング１１の表面上に被覆材料としてのＢｉを電気めっきによって１μｍの厚みだけ積層することにより、オーバーレイ１２のうち最もライニング１１側の緻密層１２ａ１を形成した。Ｂｉの電気めっきの手順は以下のとおりとした。まず、電解液中にてライニング１１の表面に電流を流すことにより、ライニング１１の表面を脱脂した。次に、ライニング１１の表面を水洗した。さらに、ライニング１１の表面を酸洗することにより、不要な酸化物を除去した。その後、ライニング１１の表面を、再度、水洗した。以上の前処理が完了すると、めっき浴に浸漬させたライニング１１に電流を供給することによりＢｉの電気めっきを行った。緻密層１２ａ１におけるＢｉの電気めっきの条件を以下のとおりとした。Ｂｉ濃度：１０〜５０ｇ／Ｌ、有機スルホン酸：２５〜１００ｇ／Ｌ、添加剤：０．５〜５０ｇ／Ｌを含むめっき浴の浴組成とした。めっき浴の浴温度は、２５℃とした。さらに、ライニング１１に供給する電流はデューティー比が５０％の矩形パルス電流とし、その平均電流密度は０．２Ａ／ｄｍ2とした。 Next, Bi as a coating material was laminated on the surface of the lining 11 to a thickness of 1 μm by electroplating to form the dense layer 12a1 closest to the lining 11 in the overlay 12. The procedure for electroplating Bi was as follows. First, the surface of the lining 11 was degreased by passing an electric current through the surface of the lining 11 in the electrolytic solution. Next, the surface of the lining 11 was washed with water. Furthermore, unnecessary oxides were removed by pickling the surface of the lining 11. Thereafter, the surface of the lining 11 was washed again with water. When the above pretreatment was completed, Bi was electroplated by supplying current to the lining 11 immersed in the plating bath. The conditions for Bi electroplating in the dense layer 12a1 were as follows. The bath composition was a plating bath containing Bi concentration: 10 to 50 g / L, organic sulfonic acid: 25 to 100 g / L, and additive: 0.5 to 50 g / L. The bath temperature of the plating bath was 25 ° C. Furthermore, the current supplied to the lining 11 was a rectangular pulse current with a duty ratio of 50%, and the average current density was 0.2 A / dm 2 .

次に、緻密層１２ａ１の表面上に被覆材料としてのＢｉを電気めっきによって２μｍの厚みだけ積層することにより、オーバーレイ１２のうち最もライニング１１側の粗大層１２ｂ１を形成した。ここでは、緻密層１２ａ１の電気めっきに使用しためっき浴に引き続き浸漬させ、緻密層１２ａ１に平均電流密度が２．０Ａ／ｄｍ2であり、デューティー比が５０％の矩形パルス電流を供給することにより、粗大層１２ｂ１を形成した。すなわち、摺動部材１に供給する矩形パルス電流の振幅を切り替えることにより、緻密層１２ａ１と粗大層１２ｂ１とを連続的に形成した。 Next, Bi as a coating material was laminated on the surface of the dense layer 12a1 by a thickness of 2 μm by electroplating to form the coarse layer 12b1 closest to the lining 11 in the overlay 12. Here, the dense layer 12a1 is continuously immersed in the plating bath used to supply a rectangular pulse current having an average current density of 2.0 A / dm 2 and a duty ratio of 50% to the dense layer 12a1. The coarse layer 12b1 was formed. That is, the dense layer 12a1 and the coarse layer 12b1 were continuously formed by switching the amplitude of the rectangular pulse current supplied to the sliding member 1.

さらに、引き続き摺動部材１に供給する矩形パルス電流の振幅を切り替えることにより、残りの緻密層１２ａ２〜１２ａ４（平均電流密度：０．２Ａ／ｄｍ2）と粗大層１２ｂ２〜１２ｂ４（平均電流密度：２．０Ａ／ｄｍ2）とを交互に積層した。以上により、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４とが交互に積層されたオーバーレイ１２が形成できる。オーバーレイ１２を積層した後に、水洗と乾燥を行って摺動部材１を完成させた。さらに２個の摺動部材１を円筒状に組み合わせることにより、すべり軸受Ａを形成した。 Further, by switching the amplitude of the rectangular pulse current continuously supplied to the sliding member 1, the remaining dense layers 12a2 to 12a4 (average current density: 0.2 A / dm 2 ) and coarse layers 12b2 to 12b4 (average current density: 2.0 A / dm 2 ). As described above, the overlay 12 in which the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 are alternately stacked can be formed. After laminating the overlay 12, washing and drying were performed to complete the sliding member 1. Furthermore, the sliding bearing A was formed by combining two sliding members 1 in a cylindrical shape.

（２）他の実施形態：
前記実施形態においては、エンジンのクランクシャフトを軸受けするすべり軸受Ａを構成する摺動部材１を例示したが、本発明の摺動部材１によって他の用途のすべり軸受Ａを形成してもよい。例えば、本発明の摺動部材１によってトランスミッション用のギヤブシュやピストンピンブシュ・ボスブシュ等を形成してもよい。また、ライニング１１のマトリクスはＣｕ合金に限られず、相手軸２の硬さに応じてマトリクスの材料が選択されればよい。また、被覆材料はライニング１１よりも軟らかい材料であればよく、例えばＰｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｉｎであってもよい。また、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４の厚みは、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４が１μｍ以下であり、粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４を２μｍ以上であればよい。さらに、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４の層数もそれぞれ４層でなくてもよく、ライニング１１上に最初に粗大層１２ｂ１が積層されてもよい。なじみ性と疲労破壊の耐性とを両立させるために、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４を構成するＢｉの結晶粒の平均粒径が０．７μｍ以下となり、粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４を構成するＢｉの結晶粒の平均粒径が２μｍ以上となるようにすればよく、緻密層１２ａ１〜１２ａ４と粗大層１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４は電気めっき以外の手法によって形成されてもよい。 (2) Other embodiments:
In the above-described embodiment, the sliding member 1 constituting the sliding bearing A for bearing the crankshaft of the engine has been illustrated. However, the sliding bearing 1 for other applications may be formed by the sliding member 1 of the present invention. For example, a transmission gear bush, a piston pin bush, a boss bush, or the like may be formed by the sliding member 1 of the present invention. Further, the matrix of the lining 11 is not limited to the Cu alloy, and a matrix material may be selected according to the hardness of the counterpart shaft 2. Moreover, the coating material should just be a material softer than the lining 11, for example, may be Pb, Sn, In. The dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 may have thicknesses of 1 μm or less for the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and 2 μm or more for the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4. Furthermore, the number of layers of the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 may not be four, and the coarse layer 12b1 may be first laminated on the lining 11. In order to achieve both conformability and fatigue fracture resistance, the average grain size of Bi grains constituting the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 is 0.7 μm or less, and the Bi grain grains constituting the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 The average particle size may be 2 μm or more, and the dense layers 12a1 to 12a4 and the coarse layers 12b1 to 12b4 may be formed by a method other than electroplating.

１…摺動部材、２…相手軸、１０…裏金、１１…ライニング、１１ｂ…Ｂｉ粒子、１２…オーバーレイ、１２ａ１〜１２ａ４…緻密層、１２ｂ１〜１２ｂ４…粗大層。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Sliding member, 2 ... Counter shaft, 10 ... Back metal, 11 ... Lining, 11b ... Bi particle, 12 ... Overlay, 12a1-12a4 ... Dense layer, 12b1-12b4 ... Coarse layer.

Claims (4)

基層上に、相手材が摺動する摺動面を有する被覆層が形成された摺動部材であって、
前記被覆層は、
被覆材料の結晶によって形成され、厚みが２μｍ以上の粗大層と、
前記粗大層よりも結晶粒が緻密な前記被覆材料の結晶で形成され、厚みが１μｍ以下の緻密層と、
を備える摺動部材。 A sliding member in which a coating layer having a sliding surface on which a counterpart material slides is formed on a base layer,
The coating layer is
A coarse layer formed of crystals of the coating material and having a thickness of 2 μm or more;
A dense layer having a crystal grain that is denser than the coarse layer and having a thickness of 1 μm or less;
A sliding member comprising: 前記粗大層は厚み方向において２層の前記緻密層によって挟まれる、
請求項１に記載の摺動部材。 The coarse layer is sandwiched between two dense layers in the thickness direction.
The sliding member according to claim 1. 基層上に、相手材が摺動する摺動面を有する被覆層が形成された摺動部材であって、
前記被覆層は、
被覆材料の結晶によって形成され、厚みが２μｍ以上の粗大層と、
前記粗大層よりも結晶粒が緻密な前記被覆材料の結晶で形成され、厚みが１μｍ以下の緻密層と、
を備えるすべり軸受。 A sliding member in which a coating layer having a sliding surface on which a counterpart material slides is formed on a base layer,
The coating layer is
A coarse layer formed of crystals of the coating material and having a thickness of 2 μm or more;
A dense layer having a crystal grain that is denser than the coarse layer and having a thickness of 1 μm or less;
A plain bearing with. 前記粗大層は厚み方向において２層の前記緻密層によって挟まれる、
請求項３に記載のすべり軸受。 The coarse layer is sandwiched between two dense layers in the thickness direction.
The plain bearing according to claim 3.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2015186621A1 (en) * 2014-06-02 2015-12-10 大豊工業株式会社 Sliding member and slide bearing
WO2017094094A1 (en) * 2015-12-01 2017-06-08 大豊工業株式会社 Sliding member and sliding bearing

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JPH09300062A (en) * 1996-05-10 1997-11-25 Daido Metal Co Ltd Manufacture of bearing
JP2006266445A (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-10-05 Daido Metal Co Ltd Sliding member

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Cited By (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015186621A1 (en) * 2014-06-02 2015-12-10 大豊工業株式会社 Sliding member and slide bearing
WO2017094094A1 (en) * 2015-12-01 2017-06-08 大豊工業株式会社 Sliding member and sliding bearing
JP6234637B2 (en) * 2015-12-01 2017-11-22 大豊工業株式会社 Sliding member and plain bearing
JPWO2017094094A1 (en) * 2015-12-01 2017-11-30 大豊工業株式会社 Sliding member and plain bearing
EP3244081A4 (en) * 2015-12-01 2018-06-13 TAIHO KOGYO Co., Ltd. Sliding member and sliding bearing
US10100874B2 (en) 2015-12-01 2018-10-16 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Sliding member and slide bearing

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