JP2014189589A - Biomass gasification system with supercritical water - Google Patents

Biomass gasification system with supercritical water Download PDF

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JP2014189589A
JP2014189589A JP2013064672A JP2013064672A JP2014189589A JP 2014189589 A JP2014189589 A JP 2014189589A JP 2013064672 A JP2013064672 A JP 2013064672A JP 2013064672 A JP2013064672 A JP 2013064672A JP 2014189589 A JP2014189589 A JP 2014189589A
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biomass
gasification
supercritical water
water
double
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JP6338080B2 (en
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Yasutaka Wada
泰孝 和田
Yoshihisa Shimizu
嘉久 清水
Yukimasa Yamamura
幸政 山村
Ichiro Uchiyama
一郎 内山
Keiji Oyama
圭二 尾山
Hisaki Yamazaki
寿樹 山▲崎▼
Yukihiko Matsumura
幸彦 松村
Tomoaki Minowa
智朗 美濃輪
Takashi Noguchi
琢史 野口
Yoshifumi Kawai
良文 川井
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
Hiroshima University NUC
Toyo Koatsu Co Ltd
Chuden Plant Co Ltd
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
Hiroshima University NUC
Toyo Koatsu Co Ltd
Chuden Plant Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biomass gasification system with supercritical water that is capable of suppressing generation of tar and the like during the heating of water-retaining biomass or biomass slurry which are to be gasified with supercritical water, using the heat of formation products or the like obtained by the gasification of biomass with supercritical water, in double-pipe heat exchanger, thereby preventing the clogging in the inside of the double-pipe.SOLUTION: In a biomass gasification system with supercritical water comprising: a gasification reactor for gasification-treating biomass with supercritical water using non-metal catalyst suspended in water-retaining biomass or the like as catalyst; and a double-pipe heat exchanger for pre-heating suspension liquid of non-metal catalyst suspended in water-retaining biomass or the like which is to be gasification-treated with supercritical water in the gasification reactor, in which formation gas and ash formed in the gasification reactor, as well as the non-metal catalyst are suspended in water, and using heat of the mixture discharged from the gasification reactor, the pressure within the system is adjusted to 27 MPa or more.

Description

本発明は、タール等の発生を抑制して詰まりを防止することが可能な超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a biomass gasification system using supercritical water capable of preventing clogging by suppressing generation of tar and the like.

従来、含水性バイオマス（焼酎残渣、採卵鶏糞等）を超臨界水でガス化する技術において、バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化することによって得られた生成物等の熱を利用して、超臨界水でガス化される含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体を加熱する二重管式熱交換器を備えた超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムが開発されている（例えば、特許文献１及び２参照）。   Conventionally, in the technology of gasifying hydrous biomass (shochu residue, egg-collecting chicken droppings, etc.) with supercritical water, the heat of products etc. obtained by gasifying biomass with supercritical water is used to make supercriticality. A biomass gasification system using supercritical water equipped with a double-pipe heat exchanger that heats hydrous biomass or biomass slurry that is gasified with water has been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). .

特開２００７−２７１１４６号公報JP 2007-271146 A 特開２００９−２４２６９７号公報JP 2009-242697 A

しかしながら、上述のような超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムでは、二重管式熱交換器において、含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体を超臨界水でガス化することによって得られた生成物等の熱を利用して、超臨界水でガス化される含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体を加熱する際にタール等が生成され、二重管の管内に詰りが生じる場合がある。
本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、二重管式熱交換器において、バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化することによって得られた生成物等の熱を利用して、超臨界水でガス化される含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体を加熱する際に、タール等の発生を抑制し、もって二重管の管内における詰まりを防止することが可能な超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムを提供することを目的とする。 However, in the biomass gasification system using supercritical water as described above, a product obtained by gasifying hydrous biomass or a slurry of biomass with supercritical water in a double pipe heat exchanger, etc. When heating the hydrous biomass or biomass slurry gasified with supercritical water using heat, tar or the like may be generated, and clogging may occur in the double pipe.
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and in a double-pipe heat exchanger, utilizing the heat of a product obtained by gasifying biomass with supercritical water, it is supercritical. Biomass gasification with supercritical water that suppresses the generation of tar and the like and prevents clogging in double pipes when heating hydrous biomass or biomass slurry that is gasified with water The purpose is to provide a system.

本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究した結果、含水性バイオマスに懸濁させた非金属系触媒を触媒として、バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化処理するガス化反応器と、ガス化反応器にて生成された生成ガス及び灰分、並びに前記非金属系触媒が水に懸濁され、かつガス化反応器から排出される混合物の熱を利用して、ガス化反応器で超臨界水によりガス化処理される含水性バイオマスに非金属系触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液を予熱する二重管式熱交換器と、を備える超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムを用いて、システム内の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上に調整して、上記懸濁液の代わりにおよそ３０℃の水を二重管式熱交換器における二重管の内管内の流路に、上記混合物の代わりにおよそ６００℃に加熱された水を二重管の外管と内管との間の流路に、それぞれ逆方向に供給して熱交換を行った場合、システム内の圧力を２３ＭＰａで調整して熱交換を行った場合に比べて、二重管の内管内に供給した水がタール発生温度である３８０℃近辺（より具体的には、３５０〜４００℃の温度範囲）で保持される時間（滞留時間）が短くなることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of earnest research to solve the above problems, the present inventors, as a catalyst, a non-metallic catalyst suspended in hydrous biomass, a gasification reactor for gasifying the biomass with supercritical water, The product gas and ash produced in the gasification reactor, and the nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in water, and the heat of the mixture discharged from the gasification reactor is used to increase the amount in the gasification reactor. Using a supercritical water biomass gasification system comprising a double-tube heat exchanger that preheats a suspension in which a nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in hydrous biomass that is gasified with critical water, The pressure in the system is adjusted to 27 MPa or more, and water at about 30 ° C. is used instead of the suspension in the flow path in the inner pipe of the double pipe in the double pipe heat exchanger, and instead of the mixture. Outer pipe of double pipe with water heated to 600 ° C When heat exchange is performed by supplying the flow path to the inner pipe in opposite directions, compared to the case where heat exchange is performed by adjusting the pressure in the system at 23 MPa, the inner pipe of the double pipe In order to complete the present invention, it is found that the time (residence time) in which the water supplied to is maintained in the vicinity of 380 ° C., which is the tar generation temperature (more specifically, the temperature range of 350 to 400 ° C.) is shortened. It came.

すなわち、本発明に係る超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムは、含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体に懸濁させた非金属系触媒を触媒として、前記バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化処理するガス化反応器と、前記ガス化反応器にて生成された生成ガス及び灰分、並びに前記非金属系触媒が水に懸濁され、前記ガス化反応器から排出される混合物の熱を利用して、前記ガス化反応器で超臨界水によりガス化処理される前記含水性バイオマス又は前記バイオマスのスラリー体に前記非金属系触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液を予熱する二重管式熱交換器と、を備える超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムにおいて、前記システム内の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上３５ＭＰａ未満の範囲内に調整することを含む。   That is, the biomass gasification system using supercritical water according to the present invention is a gasification in which the biomass is gasified with supercritical water using a hydrous biomass or a non-metallic catalyst suspended in a slurry body of biomass as a catalyst. The reaction gas, the generated gas and ash generated in the gasification reactor, and the nonmetallic catalyst are suspended in water, and the heat of the mixture discharged from the gasification reactor is used, A double-tube heat exchanger for preheating a suspension in which the non-metallic catalyst is suspended in the hydrous biomass or the biomass slurry that is gasified with supercritical water in a gasification reactor; In a biomass gasification system using supercritical water comprising: adjusting the pressure in the system to a range of 27 MPa or more and less than 35 MPa.

また、本発明に係る超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムは、含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体に懸濁させた非金属系触媒を触媒として、前記バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化処理するガス化反応器と、前記ガス化反応器にて生成された生成ガス及び灰分、並びに前記非金属系触媒が水に懸濁され、前記ガス化反応器から排出される混合物の熱を利用して、前記ガス化反応器で超臨界水によりガス化処理される前記含水性バイオマス又は前記バイオマスのスラリー体に前記非金属系触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液を予熱する二重管式熱交換器と、を備える超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムにおいて、前記システム内の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上に調整することを含む。   The biomass gasification system using supercritical water according to the present invention is a gasification process in which the biomass is gasified with supercritical water using a non-metallic catalyst suspended in a hydrous biomass or a biomass slurry as a catalyst. The reaction gas, the generated gas and ash generated in the gasification reactor, and the nonmetallic catalyst are suspended in water, and the heat of the mixture discharged from the gasification reactor is used, A double-tube heat exchanger for preheating a suspension in which the non-metallic catalyst is suspended in the hydrous biomass or the biomass slurry that is gasified with supercritical water in a gasification reactor; A biomass gasification system using supercritical water comprising adjusting the pressure in the system to 27 MPa or more.

なお、上記超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムにおける上記ガス化反応器でのガス化処理は、６００℃以上の温度で行ってもよい。   In addition, you may perform the gasification process in the said gasification reactor in the biomass gasification system by the said supercritical water at the temperature of 600 degreeC or more.

本発明によれば、二重管式熱交換器において、バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化することによって得られた生成物等の熱を利用して、超臨界水でガス化される含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体を加熱する際に、タール等の発生を抑制し、もって二重管の管内における詰まりを防止することが可能な超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, in a double-pipe heat exchanger, hydrous biomass that is gasified with supercritical water using the heat of a product or the like obtained by gasifying the biomass with supercritical water. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a biomass gasification system using supercritical water that can suppress the generation of tar and the like and prevent clogging in the double pipe when the biomass slurry is heated.

本発明の一実施形態において、超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムの概略構成を示す図である。In one Embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows schematic structure of the biomass gasification system by supercritical water. 本発明の一実施形態において、二重管式熱交換器における二重管の概略構成を示す図である。In one Embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows schematic structure of the double pipe in a double pipe type heat exchanger. 本発明の一実施例において、二重管式熱交換器の圧力を２３ＭＰａに調整し、二重管の内管内におよそ３０℃の水を、外管と内管との間におよそ６００℃の水を、それぞれ逆方向で供給して熱交換させた場合の、二重管の各地点における各流体の温度を測定した結果を示す図である。In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of the double pipe heat exchanger is adjusted to 23 MPa, water of about 30 ° C. is placed in the inner pipe of the double pipe, and water of about 600 ° C. is placed between the outer pipe and the inner pipe. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the temperature of each fluid in each point of a double pipe | tube at the time of supplying water in the reverse direction and making it heat-exchange, respectively. 本発明の一実施例において、二重管式熱交換器の圧力を２７．５ＭＰａに調整し、二重管の内管内におよそ３０℃の水を、外管と内管との間におよそ６００℃の水を、それぞれ逆方向で供給して熱交換させた場合の、二重管の各地点における各流体の温度を測定した結果を示す図である。In one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure of the double tube heat exchanger is adjusted to 27.5 MPa, water of about 30 ° C. is placed in the inner tube of the double tube, and about 600 between the outer tube and the inner tube. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the temperature of each fluid in each point of a double tube | pipe at the time of supplying heat | fever water in a reverse direction, respectively and carrying out heat exchange.

以下、本発明の好ましい実施形態につき、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。なお、本発明の目的、特徴、利点、及びそのアイデアは、本明細書の記載により、当業者には明らかであり、本明細書の記載から、当業者であれば、容易に本発明を再現できる。以下に記載された発明の実施の形態及び図面等は、本発明の好ましい実施態様を示すものであり、例示又は説明のために示されているのであって、本発明をそれらに限定するものではない。本明細書で開示されている本発明の意図ならびに範囲内で、本明細書の記載に基づき、様々に修飾ができることは、当業者にとって明らかである。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The objects, features, advantages, and ideas of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the present specification, and those skilled in the art can easily reproduce the present invention from the description of the present specification. it can. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments and drawings of the invention described below show preferred embodiments of the present invention and are shown for illustration or explanation, and are not intended to limit the present invention thereto. Absent. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made based on the description of the present specification within the spirit and scope of the present invention disclosed herein.

図１は、本発明の一実施形態として説明する、超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システム（以下、単に「システム」と称する。）の概略構成を示す図である。図１に示すように、システム１００は、調整タンク１０、破砕機２０、供給ポンプ３０、二重管式熱交換器４０、ガス化反応器５０、冷却器６０、減圧器７０、気液分離器８０、ガスタンク９０などを備えており、供給ポンプ３０と二重管式熱交換器４０、二重管式熱交換器４０とガス化反応器５０、及びガス化反応器５０と熱交換器４０は、それぞれ配管によって接続されており、二重管式熱交換器４０とガス化反応器５０との内部の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上に調整されている。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a biomass gasification system using supercritical water (hereinafter simply referred to as “system”), which is described as one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the system 100 includes a regulating tank 10, a crusher 20, a supply pump 30, a double tube heat exchanger 40, a gasification reactor 50, a cooler 60, a decompressor 70, and a gas-liquid separator. 80, gas tank 90, etc., supply pump 30 and double pipe heat exchanger 40, double pipe heat exchanger 40 and gasification reactor 50, and gasification reactor 50 and heat exchanger 40 are These are connected by piping, and the internal pressures of the double-tube heat exchanger 40 and the gasification reactor 50 are adjusted to 27 MPa or more.

調整タンク１０は、含水性バイオマス（バイオマスのスラリー体であってもよい。以下、同じ。）、非金属系触媒、水などを混合するタンクである。システム１００へ送液するガス化原料は、調整タンク１０に投入された含水性バイオマス及び非金属系触媒、並びに必要に応じて投入された水を混合して、含水性バイオマス（あるいはバイオマス溶液）に非金属系触媒を懸濁することにより調製される。なお、水の投入は、バイオマスの含水率に応じて適宜行われる。上記含水性バイオマスは、例えば、焼酎残渣、採卵鶏糞、汚泥などである。また、上記非金属系触媒は、例えば、活性炭、ゼオライトなどである。非金属系触媒としては、平均粒径２００μｍ以下の粒子を用いることが好ましく、平均粒径２００μｍ以下の多孔質の粒子を用いることがより好ましい。   The adjustment tank 10 is a tank that mixes hydrous biomass (may be a biomass slurry. The same applies hereinafter), a non-metallic catalyst, water, and the like. The gasification raw material to be sent to the system 100 is mixed with the hydrous biomass and the non-metallic catalyst introduced into the adjustment tank 10 and the water introduced as necessary to obtain hydrous biomass (or biomass solution). It is prepared by suspending a nonmetallic catalyst. In addition, the injection | pouring of water is suitably performed according to the moisture content of biomass. The hydrous biomass is, for example, shochu residue, egg-collected chicken droppings, sludge, and the like. The non-metallic catalyst is, for example, activated carbon or zeolite. As the nonmetallic catalyst, particles having an average particle diameter of 200 μm or less are preferably used, and porous particles having an average particle diameter of 200 μm or less are more preferably used.

破砕機２０は、調整タンク１０で調製したガス化原料（懸濁液）中のバイオマスを破砕して、あらかじめ均一な大きさ（好ましくは平均粒径が５００μｍ以下、より好ましくは平均粒径が３００μｍ以下）にするための装置である。   The crusher 20 crushes the biomass in the gasification raw material (suspension) prepared in the adjustment tank 10 and has a uniform size in advance (preferably an average particle diameter of 500 μm or less, more preferably an average particle diameter of 300 μm). The following device).

ガス化反応器５０は、破砕機２０でバイオマスを破砕した懸濁液に懸濁させた非金属系触媒を触媒として、懸濁液中のバイオマスを超臨界水でガス化する装置である。バイオマスの超臨界水によるガス化は、前記非金属系触媒を利用して、例えば、６００℃以上の温度の超臨界水によってバイオマスを水熱処理することにより行われる。このようにバイオマスを超臨界水で処理することにより、バイオマスを分解し、水素ガス、メタン、エタン、エチレン等の燃料ガスを生成することができる。   The gasification reactor 50 is a device that gasifies the biomass in the suspension with supercritical water using a non-metallic catalyst suspended in the suspension in which the biomass is crushed by the crusher 20 as a catalyst. The gasification of biomass with supercritical water is performed by hydrothermally treating the biomass with supercritical water at a temperature of 600 ° C. or higher, for example, using the non-metallic catalyst. By treating the biomass with supercritical water in this way, the biomass can be decomposed and a fuel gas such as hydrogen gas, methane, ethane, or ethylene can be generated.

供給ポンプ３０は、ガス化反応器５０に破砕機２０でバイオマスを破砕した懸濁液を供給する装置である。供給ポンプ３０は、バイオマスを破砕した懸濁液を供給できる装置であれば特に制限されるものではなく、例えば、高圧ポンプやモーノポンプなどを用いることができる。   The supply pump 30 is a device that supplies the gasification reactor 50 with a suspension obtained by crushing biomass with the crusher 20. The supply pump 30 is not particularly limited as long as it is a device that can supply a suspension obtained by crushing biomass. For example, a high-pressure pump or a Mono pump can be used.

二重管式熱交換器４０は、ガス化反応器５０において超臨界水によりガス化処理することにより生成された生成ガス及び灰分、並びに非金属系触媒が水に懸濁され、かつ、ガス化反応器５０から排出される排出物（混合物）の熱を利用して、ガス化反応器５０で超臨界水によりガス化処理されるバイオマスを破砕した懸濁液を予熱する装置である。二重管式熱交換器４０における二重管４１は、図２に示すように、外管４２と内管４３とから構成されており、上記混合物及び上記懸濁液のうち一方が内管４３内の流路を流れ、他方が外管４２と内管４３との間の流路を流れる。なお、本実施の形態及び本実施例においては、内管４３内の流路に上記懸濁液が流れ、外管４２と内管４３との間の流路に上記混合物が流れるように設定している。   The double-pipe heat exchanger 40 includes a gasification reactor 50 in which a product gas and ash generated by gasification with supercritical water and a nonmetallic catalyst are suspended in water and gasified. This is an apparatus for preheating a suspension obtained by crushing biomass that is gasified by supercritical water in the gasification reactor 50 using heat of the discharge (mixture) discharged from the reactor 50. As shown in FIG. 2, the double pipe 41 in the double pipe heat exchanger 40 includes an outer pipe 42 and an inner pipe 43, and one of the mixture and the suspension is the inner pipe 43. The other flows through the flow path between the outer tube 42 and the inner tube 43. In this embodiment and this example, it is set so that the suspension flows in the flow path in the inner pipe 43 and the mixture flows in the flow path between the outer pipe 42 and the inner pipe 43. ing.

冷却器６０は、ガス化反応器５０から排出された排出物（生成ガス、灰分及び非金属系触媒が水に懸濁された混合物）を冷却するための装置である。冷却器６０は、例えば、クーラーなどである。
減圧器７０は、ガス化反応器５０から排出された排出物の圧力を減圧する装置である。 The cooler 60 is an apparatus for cooling the exhaust (the mixture of product gas, ash, and nonmetallic catalyst suspended in water) discharged from the gasification reactor 50. The cooler 60 is, for example, a cooler.
The decompressor 70 is a device that reduces the pressure of the exhaust discharged from the gasification reactor 50.

気液分離器８０は、ガス化反応器５０から排出された排出物を、生成ガス（燃料ガス等）を含む気体成分と、灰分及び非金属系触媒が水に懸濁された液体成分とに分離する装置である。
ガスタンク９０は、気液分離器８０によって分離された気体成分（生成ガス）を貯える容器（好ましくは耐圧容器）である。 The gas-liquid separator 80 converts the effluent discharged from the gasification reactor 50 into a gas component containing a product gas (fuel gas or the like) and a liquid component in which ash and a nonmetallic catalyst are suspended in water. It is a device to separate.
The gas tank 90 is a container (preferably a pressure-resistant container) that stores a gas component (product gas) separated by the gas-liquid separator 80.

加熱器５１は、ガスタンク９０に貯えられた生成ガス（燃料ガス）の一部あるいは燃料ガス（例えば、ＬＰＧなど）を燃焼してガス化反応器５０を加熱し、バイオマスを粉砕した懸濁液を所定の温度に加熱する装置である。加熱器５１は、例えば、バーナーなどの、燃料ガスを燃焼して加熱する既存の装置である。   The heater 51 combusts a part of the generated gas (fuel gas) stored in the gas tank 90 or fuel gas (for example, LPG) to heat the gasification reactor 50, and the suspension obtained by pulverizing the biomass is heated. It is an apparatus for heating to a predetermined temperature. The heater 51 is an existing device that burns and heats fuel gas, such as a burner, for example.

なお、本実施の形態においては、二重管式熱交換器４０において、バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化することによって得られた生成物等の熱を利用して、超臨界水でガス化される含水性バイオマスに非金属系触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液を加熱する際に、二重管４１の内管４３において、該懸濁液がタール発生温度である３８０℃近辺（より具体的には、３５０〜４００℃の温度範囲）で保持される時間（滞留時間）が短くなるようにしてタール等の発生を抑制し、もって二重管４１の管内、特に外管４２と内管４３との間の流路においてタール等による詰まりを防止するために、二重管式熱交換器４０とガス化反応器５０との内部の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上に調整することとしているが、市販の一般的な機器を用いる場合には、その機器が耐え得ることができる圧力、例えば、３５ＭＰａ未満の圧力に調整することが好ましい。なお、二重管式熱交換器４０とガス化反応器５０が、３５ＭＰａより大きく６０ＭＰａ以下の圧力に耐え得る材料で構成されている場合には、これらの圧力で調整してもよい。   In the present embodiment, the double tube heat exchanger 40 is gasified with supercritical water using heat of a product obtained by gasifying biomass with supercritical water. When the suspension in which the nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in the hydrous biomass is heated, in the inner tube 43 of the double tube 41, the suspension is around 380 ° C. (more specifically, the tar generation temperature). In this case, the generation of tar or the like is suppressed by shortening the time (residence time) held in a temperature range of 350 to 400 ° C., and thus the inside of the double pipe 41, particularly the outer pipe 42 and the inner pipe 43. In order to prevent clogging due to tar or the like in the flow path between the two, the internal pressure of the double-pipe heat exchanger 40 and the gasification reactor 50 is adjusted to 27 MPa or more. When using typical equipment, the equipment can withstand The pressure can bets, for example, it is preferable to adjust a pressure of less than 35 MPa. In addition, when the double-pipe heat exchanger 40 and the gasification reactor 50 are made of a material that can withstand a pressure greater than 35 MPa and less than or equal to 60 MPa, the pressure may be adjusted with these pressures.

また、本実施の形態においては、調整タンク１０で含水性バイオマス（あるいはバイオマスの溶液）に非金属系触媒を懸濁した懸濁液を、供給ポンプ３０により二重管式熱交換器４０に供給しているが、供給ポンプ３０で供給する直前に、非金属系触媒を、破砕機２０で破砕した含水性バイオマス（あるいはバイオマスの溶液）に懸濁し、二重管式熱交換器４０に供給してもよい。   In the present embodiment, a suspension in which a nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in hydrous biomass (or biomass solution) in the adjustment tank 10 is supplied to the double-pipe heat exchanger 40 by the supply pump 30. However, just before the supply pump 30 supplies, the nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in the hydrous biomass (or biomass solution) crushed by the crusher 20 and supplied to the double-tube heat exchanger 40. May be.

さらに、本実施の形態において、供給ポンプ３０から二重管式熱交換器４０に供給する、含水性バイオマスに非金属系触媒を懸濁した懸濁液を、タールが発生しない温度（例えば、３５０℃程度）まで、あらかじめ予熱する予熱器を別途設けてもよい。これにより、ガス化反応器５０に供給する上記懸濁液の加熱を迅速に行うことが可能となる。   Further, in the present embodiment, the suspension in which the nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in the hydrous biomass supplied to the double-pipe heat exchanger 40 from the supply pump 30 is set at a temperature at which tar is not generated (for example, 350 A preheater that preheats up to about 0 ° C. may be provided separately. This makes it possible to quickly heat the suspension supplied to the gasification reactor 50.

上述の二重管式熱交換器４０とガス化反応器５０とを備えるシステム１００を用いて、二重管４１の外管４２と内管４３との間の流路における出口の圧力を２３ＭＰａ又は２７．５ＭＰａになるように調整して、二重管４１の内管４３内の流路におよそ３０℃の水を供給し、二重管４１の外管４２と内管４３との間の流路に対して、内管４３内を流れる流体の進行方向とは逆方向に、ガス化反応器５０でおよそ６００℃に加熱された水を供給して熱交換を実施し、二重管４１の各地点における、内管４３内の流体の温度及び外管４２と内管４３との間における流体の温度を測定した。なお、水の流量は０．７６Ｌ／ｍｉｎとした。二重管４１としては、内管４３の内径が８ｍｍ、内管４３の厚さが３ｍｍ、外管４２の内径が１３ｍｍ、外管４２の厚さが４ｍｍ、及び長さが１００ｍであって、内管４３及び外管４２がそれぞれＳＵＳ３１６ＴＰＳから構成されたものを用いた。また、内管４３内の流路の入口、あるいは外管４２と内管４３との間における流路の出口を０ｍとして各地点における流体の温度を測定した。それらの結果を図３及び図４に示す。   Using the above-described system 100 including the double-tube heat exchanger 40 and the gasification reactor 50, the outlet pressure in the flow path between the outer tube 42 and the inner tube 43 of the double tube 41 is set to 23 MPa or Adjust the pressure to 27.5 MPa, supply water at about 30 ° C. to the flow path in the inner pipe 43 of the double pipe 41, and flow between the outer pipe 42 and the inner pipe 43 of the double pipe 41. Heat is exchanged by supplying water heated to about 600 ° C. in the gasification reactor 50 in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the fluid flowing in the inner pipe 43 with respect to the passage, At each point, the temperature of the fluid in the inner tube 43 and the temperature of the fluid between the outer tube 42 and the inner tube 43 were measured. The water flow rate was 0.76 L / min. As the double pipe 41, the inner diameter of the inner pipe 43 is 8 mm, the thickness of the inner pipe 43 is 3 mm, the inner diameter of the outer pipe 42 is 13 mm, the thickness of the outer pipe 42 is 4 mm, and the length is 100 m, The inner tube 43 and the outer tube 42 were each made of SUS316TPS. Further, the temperature of the fluid at each point was measured by setting the inlet of the flow path in the inner pipe 43 or the outlet of the flow path between the outer pipe 42 and the inner pipe 43 to 0 m. The results are shown in FIGS.

図３に示すように、外管４２と内管４３との間における流路の出口の圧力が２３ＭＰａである場合には、二重管４１の内管４３内に供給した水がタール発生温度である３８０℃付近（３５０〜４００℃の温度範囲）で保持される距離及び時間（時間は、３７５℃、２３ＭＰａにおける水の比重４４７．５９を用いて計算）は、それぞれ５４ｍ及び６８．６秒であった。これに対して、外管４２と内管４３との間における流路の出口の圧力が２７．５ＭＰａである場合には、図４に示すように、二重管４１の内管４３内に供給した水がタール発生温度である３８０℃付近（３５０〜４００℃の温度範囲）で保持される距離及び時間（時間は、３７５℃、２７．５ＭＰａにおける水の比重５３６．６２を用いて計算）は、それぞれ３６ｍ及び５４．８秒であった。このことから、システム１００内の圧力、すなわち、二重管式熱交換器４０とガス化反応器５０との内部の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上に調整することにより、システム内の圧力を２３ＭＰａで調整した場合に比べ、二重管４１の内管４３に供給した水がタール発生温度である３８０℃近辺（より具体的には、３５０〜４００℃の温度範囲）で保持される時間（滞留時間）が短くなることが明らかになるとともに、タール等の発生を抑制でき、もって二重管４１の管内、特に外管４２と内管４３との間の流路においてタール等による詰まりを防止できることが示された。   As shown in FIG. 3, when the pressure at the outlet of the flow path between the outer tube 42 and the inner tube 43 is 23 MPa, the water supplied into the inner tube 43 of the double tube 41 is at the tar generation temperature. The distance and time (time is calculated using a specific gravity of 447.59 of water at 375 ° C. and 23 MPa) held at around 380 ° C. (temperature range of 350 to 400 ° C.) are 54 m and 68.6 seconds, respectively. there were. On the other hand, when the pressure at the outlet of the flow path between the outer tube 42 and the inner tube 43 is 27.5 MPa, the pressure is supplied into the inner tube 43 of the double tube 41 as shown in FIG. The distance and time (the time is calculated by using the specific gravity of water at 375 ° C. and 27.5 MPa) is about 380 ° C. (temperature range of 350 to 400 ° C.) which is the tar generation temperature. , 36 m and 54.8 seconds, respectively. Therefore, when the pressure in the system 100 is adjusted to 23 MPa or more by adjusting the pressure in the system 100, that is, the pressure inside the double tube heat exchanger 40 and the gasification reactor 50 to 27 MPa or more. Compared to the above, the time (residence time) in which the water supplied to the inner pipe 43 of the double pipe 41 is maintained at around 380 ° C. (more specifically, a temperature range of 350 to 400 ° C.), which is the tar generation temperature, is short. It has become clear that the generation of tar and the like can be suppressed, and clogging due to tar and the like can be prevented in the pipe of the double pipe 41, particularly in the flow path between the outer pipe 42 and the inner pipe 43. .

１０ 調整タンク、２０ 破砕機、３０ 供給ポンプ、４０ 二重管式熱交換器、４１ 二重管、４２ 外管、４３ 内管、５０ ガス化反応器、５１ 加熱器、６０ 冷却器、７０ 減圧器、８０ 気液分離器、９０ ガスタンク、１００ 超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システム DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Adjustment tank, 20 Crusher, 30 Supply pump, 40 Double pipe type heat exchanger, 41 Double pipe, 42 Outer pipe, 43 Inner pipe, 50 Gasification reactor, 51 Heater, 60 Cooler, 70 Depressurization , 80 gas-liquid separator, 90 gas tank, 100 biomass gasification system using supercritical water

Claims (3)

含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体に懸濁させた非金属系触媒を触媒として、前記バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化処理するガス化反応器と、
前記ガス化反応器にて生成された生成ガス及び灰分、並びに前記非金属系触媒が水に懸濁され、前記ガス化反応器から排出される混合物の熱を利用して、前記ガス化反応器で超臨界水によりガス化処理される前記含水性バイオマス又は前記バイオマスのスラリー体に前記非金属系触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液を予熱する二重管式熱交換器と、
を備える超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムにおいて、
前記システム内の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上３５ＭＰａ未満の範囲内に調整することを特徴とする超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システム。 A gasification reactor for gasifying the biomass with supercritical water using a hydrous biomass or a non-metallic catalyst suspended in a biomass slurry as a catalyst;
The gasification reactor is produced by using the gas and ash produced in the gasification reactor and the heat of the mixture in which the nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in water and discharged from the gasification reactor. A double-tube heat exchanger for preheating the hydrous biomass gasified with supercritical water or a suspension obtained by suspending the nonmetallic catalyst in the biomass slurry;
In the biomass gasification system with supercritical water comprising
A biomass gasification system using supercritical water, wherein the pressure in the system is adjusted within a range of 27 MPa or more and less than 35 MPa. 含水性バイオマス又はバイオマスのスラリー体に懸濁させた非金属系触媒を触媒として、前記バイオマスを超臨界水でガス化処理するガス化反応器と、
前記ガス化反応器にて生成された生成ガス及び灰分、並びに前記非金属系触媒が水に懸濁され、前記ガス化反応器から排出される混合物の熱を利用して、前記ガス化反応器で超臨界水によりガス化処理される前記含水性バイオマス又は前記バイオマスのスラリー体に前記非金属系触媒を懸濁させた懸濁液を予熱する二重管式熱交換器と、
を備える超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システムにおいて、
前記システム内の圧力を２７ＭＰａ以上に調整することを特徴とする超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システム。 A gasification reactor for gasifying the biomass with supercritical water using a hydrous biomass or a non-metallic catalyst suspended in a biomass slurry as a catalyst;
The gasification reactor is produced by using the gas and ash produced in the gasification reactor and the heat of the mixture in which the nonmetallic catalyst is suspended in water and discharged from the gasification reactor. A double-tube heat exchanger for preheating the hydrous biomass gasified with supercritical water or a suspension obtained by suspending the nonmetallic catalyst in the biomass slurry;
In the biomass gasification system with supercritical water comprising
A biomass gasification system using supercritical water, wherein the pressure in the system is adjusted to 27 MPa or more. 前記ガス化反応器におけるガス化処理を６００℃以上の温度で行うことを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載の超臨界水によるバイオマスガス化システム。   The biomass gasification system using supercritical water according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gasification treatment in the gasification reactor is performed at a temperature of 600 ° C or higher.
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