JP2014058984A - 2ストロークエンジン - Google Patents
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- JP2014058984A JP2014058984A JP2013273460A JP2013273460A JP2014058984A JP 2014058984 A JP2014058984 A JP 2014058984A JP 2013273460 A JP2013273460 A JP 2013273460A JP 2013273460 A JP2013273460 A JP 2013273460A JP 2014058984 A JP2014058984 A JP 2014058984A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 322
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 42
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
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Abstract
【解決手段】各種の可燃性ガスの何れか1つを主燃料に用いるガスモード運転を少なくとも実行可能な2ストロークエンジンにおいて、複数のシリンダ1と、複数のシリンダ1にそれぞれ設けられる排気弁13と、空燃比制御器70,74と、を備え、該空燃比制御器70,74は、ガスモード運転時に、複数のシリンダ1内の平均空燃比を算出し、複数のシリンダ1に供給される空気量を調節することにより平均空燃比が可燃性ガスの種類に応じた特定平均空燃比となるように制御する機能と、複数のシリンダ1内の空燃比をそれぞれ算出し、排気弁13の閉止時機を調節することにより空燃比が可燃性ガスの種別に応じた特定空燃比範囲となるように制御する機能と、を有する。
【選択図】図1
Description
一例として、ガス燃料としてLNGを用いる場合、適正な空燃比の範囲は、完全燃焼時の理論空燃比の1〜2倍程度である。
また、この空燃比制御器は、ガスモード運転時に、前記複数のシリンダ内の平均空燃比を算出するとともに、前記複数のシリンダに供給される空気量を調節することにより前記平均空燃比を制御する機能と、各前記シリンダ内の空燃比をそれぞれ算出するとともに、前記排気弁の閉止時機を調節することにより前記空燃比を制御する機能とを有している。
また、前記空燃比制御器は、ガスモード運転時に、前記排気主管空燃比センサの計測値から前記平均空燃比を算出するとともに、前記空気逃し弁の開度を調節することにより前記平均空燃比を制御する機能と、前記排気枝管空燃比センサの計測値から前記空燃比をそれぞれ算出するとともに、前記クランク角検出センサの検出値に基づいて前記排気弁駆動部による前記排気弁の閉止時機を調節することにより前記空燃比を制御する機能と、を有してもよい。
また、前記空気供給管の空気流通方向上流端が前記過給機ブロワの空気出口に連通していてもよい。
図1は本発明の第1の実施形態における2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関の概略図である。本実施形態の2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関101(2ストロークエンジン)において、シリンダライナ1、ハウジング2、空気溜3、シリンダ蓋4、排気弁筺5、ピストン6、ピストン棒7、スタッフィングボックス8、ガス噴射弁11、パイロット噴射弁12、排気弁13、排気弁棒14、及び排気弁駆動部15によって構成される機関本体は、図5に示す2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関100と同等である。図1において、図5に示す2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関100の構成要素と同一の要素については同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する場合がある。
さらに、空燃比制御器70は、排気枝管空燃比センサ66の計測値(排気枝管54内の空燃比)から、予め実験により得た算出式を用いて計測値に見合う各シリンダライナ1内の空燃比を算出するとともに、クランク角検出センサ68の検出値に基づいて排気弁13の閉止時機を調節するための信号を排気弁駆動部15に送信することにより上記空燃比を制御する機能を有している。
なお、排気主管空燃比センサ65および排気枝管空燃比センサ66は、空燃比を直接計測するセンサであってもよいが、空燃比制御器70が空燃比を算出するための情報を取得するセンサ、すなわち排ガス中の排ガス濃度(例えばO2濃度)を計測するセンサであってもよい。
さらに、空燃比制御器70は、排気枝管空燃比センサ66の計測値から、予め実験により得た算出式を用いて計測値に見合う各シリンダライナ1内の空燃比を算出するとともに、この空燃比が1.0〜2.5の範囲になるように、クランク角検出センサ68の検出値に基づいて、排気弁13の閉止時機を調節する信号を排気弁駆動部15に送信する機能を有している。
なお、上記空燃比(上記平均空燃比)は、シリンダライナ1内における混合気の空燃比(一般的な空燃比)を理論空燃比で割った比率(空気過剰率)である。すなわち、シリンダライナ1内の空燃比(一般的な空燃比)を適切に制御するために、空気過剰率を制御指標として用いている。
図4は本発明の第2の実施形態における2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関の概略図である。本実施形態の2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関102(2ストロークエンジン)において、シリンダライナ1、ハウジング2、空気溜3、シリンダ蓋4、排気弁筺5、ピストン6、ピストン棒7、スタッフィングボックス8、ガス噴射弁11、パイロット噴射弁12、排気弁13、排気弁棒14、及び排気弁駆動部15によって構成される機関本体は、図5に示す2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関100と同等である。図4において、図5に示す2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関100または図1に示す2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関101の構成要素と同一の要素については同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する場合がある。
さらに、空燃比制御器74は、排気枝管空燃比センサ66の計測値(排気枝管54内の空燃比)から、予め実験により得た算出式を用いて計測値に見合う各シリンダライナ1内の空燃比を算出するとともに、クランク角検出センサ68の検出値に基づいて排気弁13の閉止時機を調節するための信号を排気弁駆動部15に送信することにより上記空燃比を制御する機能を有している。
さらに、空燃比制御器74は、排気枝管空燃比センサ66の計測値から、予め実験により得た算出式を用いて計測値に見合う各シリンダライナ1内の空燃比を算出するとともに、この空燃比が1.0〜2.5の範囲になるように、クランク角検出センサ68の検出値に基づいて、排気弁13の閉止時機を調節する信号を排気弁駆動部15に送信する機能を有している。
なお、上記空燃比(上記平均空燃比)は、シリンダライナ1内における混合気の空燃比(一般的な空燃比)を理論空燃比で割った比率である。
また、上述した実施の形態では、空燃比制御器は、算出された平均空燃比が特定の数値に近付くように、空気逃し弁の開度を拡げているが、使用する可燃性ガスに応じて空気逃し弁の開度を狭めるように制御してもよい。また、空燃比制御器は、算出された空燃比が特定の数値範囲になるように、排気弁駆動部による排気弁の閉止時機を遅らせているが、使用する可燃性ガスに応じて排気弁の閉止時機を早めるように制御してもよい。
13 排気弁
15 排気弁駆動部
51 排気主管
52 過給機
54 排気枝管
55 タービン(過給機タービン)
56 ブロワ(過給機ブロワ)
60 ブロワ出口管(空気供給管)
62 空気逃し管
63 空気逃し弁
65 排気主管空燃比センサ
66 排気枝管空燃比センサ
68 クランク角検出センサ
70 空燃比制御器
71 空気逃し管
72 空気逃し弁
74 空燃比制御器
101 2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関(2ストロークエンジン)
102 2ストロークデュアルフューエル機関(2ストロークエンジン)
A 空気
G 排気1
Claims (6)
- 各種の可燃性ガスの何れか1つを主燃料に用いるガスモード運転を少なくとも実行可能な2ストロークエンジンにおいて、
複数のシリンダと、
前記複数のシリンダにそれぞれ設けられる排気弁と、
空燃比制御器と、を備え、
該空燃比制御器は、ガスモード運転時に、
前記複数のシリンダ内の平均空燃比を算出し、前記複数のシリンダに供給される空気量を調節することにより前記平均空燃比が前記可燃性ガスの種類に応じた特定平均空燃比となるように制御する機能と、
前記複数のシリンダ内の空燃比をそれぞれ算出し、前記排気弁の閉止時機を調節することにより前記空燃比が前記可燃性ガスの種別に応じた特定空燃比範囲となるように制御する機能と、を有する2ストロークエンジン。 - 前記複数のシリンダにそれぞれ接続される複数の排気枝管と、
前記複数の排気枝管にそれぞれ設けられ、前記空燃比制御器が前記複数のシリンダ内の空燃比をそれぞれ算出するための情報をそれぞれ取得する複数の排気枝管センサと、
前記複数のシリンダから送出される排気を前記排気枝管を介して集める排気主管と、
前記排気主管に設けられ、前記空燃比制御器が前記複数のシリンダ内の平均空燃比を算出ための情報を取得する排気主管センサと、をさらに備え、
前記空燃比制御器は、
前記排気主管センサの計測値に基づいて前記平均空燃比を算出すると共に、前記複数の排気枝管センサの計測値に基づいて前記空燃比をそれぞれ算出する請求項1に記載の2ストロークエンジン。 - 前記複数のシリンダに空気を昇圧して供給する過給機ブロワをさらに備え、
前記空燃比制御器は、前記過給機ブロワの空気出口から送出される空気の一部を前記過給機ブロワの空気入口に戻すことにより前記複数のシリンダに供給される空気量を調節する請求項1または2に記載の2ストロークエンジン。 - 前記複数のシリンダの排気のエネルギーを回転運動に変換する過給機タービンと、
前記過給機タービンにより駆動され且つ空気を昇圧して前記複数のシリンダに供給する過給機ブロワと、をさらに備え、
前記空燃比制御器は、前記過給機ブロワの空気出口から送出される空気の一部を前記過給機タービンの排気入口に導くことにより前記複数のシリンダに供給される空気量を調節する請求項1または2に記載の2ストロークエンジン。 - 上部壁が前記シリンダの長手方向中間部分に外側から嵌合して前記シリンダを保持する中空構造のハウジングと、
前記ハウジングの側方に設けた開口部に装着された空気溜と、
前記シリンダの上端に装着されて燃焼室をそれぞれ形成し、中央に排気弁筺が装着されたシリンダ蓋と、をさらに備え、
前記シリンダの下端部には、径方向に貫通する複数の掃気ポートが前記ハウジングの中空部に面するように形成されている請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の2ストロークエンジン。 - 前記特定空燃比範囲は、前記可燃性ガスがLNGを気化させたガスの場合には1.0〜2.5である請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の2ストロークエンジン。
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