JP2014045533A - Rotor of synchronous motor - Google Patents

Rotor of synchronous motor Download PDF

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JP2014045533A
JP2014045533A JP2012185034A JP2012185034A JP2014045533A JP 2014045533 A JP2014045533 A JP 2014045533A JP 2012185034 A JP2012185034 A JP 2012185034A JP 2012185034 A JP2012185034 A JP 2012185034A JP 2014045533 A JP2014045533 A JP 2014045533A
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slit
rotor
magnet
magnetic
magnet material
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JP6017885B2 (en
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Yoshimitsu Inoue
芳光 井上
Tsuneichi Kawai
庸市 川井
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Machinery Works Ltd
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  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a motor capable of obtaining desired torque or a rotational speed and capable of being manufactured at low cost.SOLUTION: A magnet material 115 is embedded over a total length of a slit 103. According to induced voltage, part of the magnet material 115 is magnetized. Thereby, since a cavity part of the slit 103 is eliminated, the slit 103 part is restrained and stress concentration is relaxed. Since a process of filling a separate member such as an insulating resin is eliminated, cost increase due to an increase of a work process is suppressed.

Description

本発明は、同期電動機の回転子のスリット構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a slit structure of a rotor of a synchronous motor.

図3は、下記特許文献1の図6に開示されている同期電動機の回転子を示した図である。この回転子は、円板状の高透磁率材料にプレス加工を施して成型された回転子素片101を回転軸方向に複数枚積層し、固着して作られる。この回転子では、回転子素片101の互いに直交する2本の直径線102に対して対称なスリット103を複数形成することで、複数の磁路104,106を形成し、回転子の円周方向に磁気抵抗分布を発生させる。そして、前記直径線102の近傍に固定子円周部で結集した低磁気抵抗部分が4個の磁極105をなして、回転磁界内で回転軸回りに回転する。このとき隣接する磁路は互いに分離され、磁気的に絶縁された状態であった方が磁極の磁気抵抗差が大きくなるためモータのトルクは向上するが、回転子の形状維持のため、隣接する磁路は磁路104と磁路106のように回転子外周部のごく一部で結合部107を設け結合してある。   FIG. 3 is a view showing a rotor of the synchronous motor disclosed in FIG. 6 of Patent Document 1 below. This rotor is made by laminating a plurality of rotor element pieces 101 formed by pressing a disk-shaped high magnetic permeability material in the direction of the rotation axis and fixing them. In this rotor, by forming a plurality of symmetrical slits 103 with respect to two diameter lines 102 orthogonal to each other of the rotor element 101, a plurality of magnetic paths 104 and 106 are formed, and the circumference of the rotor Generate a magnetoresistance distribution in the direction. The low magnetic resistance portions gathered around the stator circumference in the vicinity of the diameter line 102 form four magnetic poles 105 and rotate around the rotation axis in the rotating magnetic field. At this time, the magnetic paths adjacent to each other are separated from each other, and the magnetic resistance difference between the magnetic poles increases because the magnetic resistance difference between the magnetic poles increases. The magnetic path is coupled by providing a coupling portion 107 at a very small part of the outer periphery of the rotor like the magnetic path 104 and the magnetic path 106.

図4は、下記特許文献2の図7に開示されている同期電動機の回転子を示す図である。この回転子と図3の回転子との異なる点は、複数のスリット103に永久磁石110を埋め込み構成している点である。このように永久磁石110を埋め込む目的は、スリット103を通り抜けてしまう漏れ磁束に対して逆方向の磁束を磁石110によって発生させることによって漏れ磁束を抑え、リラクタンストルクを増大させるためである。また、永久磁石110による磁束とステータ巻線に流れる電流との間にローレンツ力が生じるため、更に出力トルクを増大することができる。   FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a rotor of the synchronous motor disclosed in FIG. 7 of Patent Document 2 below. The difference between this rotor and the rotor of FIG. 3 is that a permanent magnet 110 is embedded in a plurality of slits 103. The purpose of embedding the permanent magnet 110 in this way is to suppress the leakage flux and increase the reluctance torque by causing the magnet 110 to generate a magnetic flux in the opposite direction to the leakage flux that passes through the slit 103. Further, since Lorentz force is generated between the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 110 and the current flowing through the stator winding, the output torque can be further increased.

また、図4においては、永久磁石110をスリット103に部分的に埋め込んでいるが、下記特許文献3の図1に示すように、スリット全体に永久磁石110を埋め込み構成している同期電動機の回転子もある。   In FIG. 4, the permanent magnet 110 is partially embedded in the slit 103. However, as shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 3 below, the rotation of the synchronous motor in which the permanent magnet 110 is embedded in the entire slit is shown. There are also children.

特開平9−261930号公報JP-A-9-261930 特開2006−20376号公報JP 2006-20376 A 特開平8−331783号公報JP-A-8-331783 特開2010−76752号公報JP 2010-76752 A

特許文献3で示された回転子のように、スリット全体に着磁した磁石が入れてあると、マグネットトルクは向上し、トルクはアップする。しかし磁束密度が高くなり誘起電圧を抑えることが出来ないため高速回転が困難になる。誘起電圧は電動機の回転数に比例する。誘起電圧が電源電圧より高くなるとモータに電流を印加出来なくなるため、電動機の回転数が低下することになる。   If a magnet magnetized in the entire slit is inserted like the rotor shown in Patent Document 3, the magnet torque is improved and the torque is increased. However, since the magnetic flux density increases and the induced voltage cannot be suppressed, high-speed rotation becomes difficult. The induced voltage is proportional to the rotation speed of the motor. When the induced voltage becomes higher than the power supply voltage, it becomes impossible to apply a current to the motor, so that the rotational speed of the electric motor decreases.

例えば高速回転が必要な場合は、特許文献1のように磁石を廃止したり、特許文献2のように、磁石の大きさを小さくしたりして、マグネットトルクを小さくすれば良い。又、トルクを向上させたい場合は磁石を大きくすればよい。ただし、この2つの特性のモータを1台で実現するのは難しく、2種類のモータを設計する必要があった。このように2種類のモータを製造すると、例えば磁石の金型も2種類必要なため、コストアップとなる。又、製造ロットも1/2になるため、生産効率が落ち、コストアップになる。   For example, when high-speed rotation is required, the magnet torque may be reduced by eliminating the magnet as in Patent Document 1 or by reducing the size of the magnet as in Patent Document 2. Moreover, what is necessary is just to enlarge a magnet, when improving torque. However, it is difficult to realize a motor having these two characteristics with one unit, and it is necessary to design two types of motors. If two types of motors are manufactured in this way, for example, two types of magnet molds are required, which increases costs. Further, since the production lot is also halved, the production efficiency is lowered and the cost is increased.

別の課題として、スリットに空洞が出来てしまうことで結合部107に応力集中が掛かり、高速回転が困難になる。理由は、スリット内に永久磁石が挿入されていない場合、モータが回転し、回転子に遠心力が掛かると、スリット部分が永久磁石で拘束されず自由に変形してしまうためである。図3で説明すると、結合部107が大きく変形し、応力が集中する。その変形を防ぐため、特許文献4では、スリットの空洞に電気絶縁性樹脂を充填しているが、その場合、磁石挿入作業に加え電気絶縁性樹脂を充填する作業工程が増え、コストアップとなる。   Another problem is that stress is concentrated on the coupling portion 107 due to the formation of a cavity in the slit, which makes high-speed rotation difficult. The reason is that when a permanent magnet is not inserted in the slit and the motor rotates and centrifugal force is applied to the rotor, the slit portion is not restrained by the permanent magnet and is freely deformed. If it demonstrates in FIG. 3, the coupling | bond part 107 will deform | transform greatly and stress will concentrate. In order to prevent such deformation, in Patent Document 4, the slit cavity is filled with an electrically insulating resin, but in that case, the number of work steps for filling the electrically insulating resin in addition to the magnet insertion work increases, resulting in an increase in cost. .

そこで、本発明では、所望のトルクまたは回転速度が得られ、より低コストで製造でき得る電動機を提供することを目的とする。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor that can obtain a desired torque or rotational speed and can be manufactured at a lower cost.

高透磁率材料で構成され、複数のスリットが形成された同期電動機の回転子であって、各スリットは、周方向において互いに隣接する磁極と磁極との間に形成され、少なくとも一つのスリットには、その一部が着磁された磁石材料が埋め込まれている、ことを特徴とする。   A rotor of a synchronous motor made of a high permeability material and having a plurality of slits, each slit being formed between magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction, and at least one slit being A magnet material partially magnetized is embedded.

スリットに磁石材料を入れ、着磁する範囲を変更することで同じ構造で特性の異なるモータを容易に製造することができる。これによりサイズの異なる磁石製作が不要となり、磁石製作を行なう金型費のコストアップを抑制することができる。さらに、モータの製造ロット数が増えるため、効率的に生産することが可能になり、コストアップを抑制することができる。   A motor having the same structure and different characteristics can be easily manufactured by inserting a magnet material into the slit and changing the magnetizing range. As a result, it is not necessary to manufacture magnets having different sizes, and it is possible to suppress an increase in mold costs for manufacturing the magnets. Furthermore, since the number of motor production lots increases, it is possible to produce efficiently and to suppress an increase in cost.

またスリット全体に磁石材料を入れ一体成形することで、スリット部分が拘束されるため、結合部に掛かる応力集中が緩和されるとともに電気絶縁性樹脂等の別部材を充填する工程が無くなり、作業工程の増加によるコストアップを抑制することができる。   Also, since the slit part is constrained by putting the magnet material all over the slit and integrally molding it, the stress concentration applied to the joint is relaxed and there is no need to fill in another member such as an electrically insulating resin. The increase in cost due to the increase in

本発明の実施形態における、同期電動機回転子の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the synchronous motor rotor in embodiment of this invention. 他の回転子の一部拡大図である。It is a partially enlarged view of another rotor. 他の回転子の一部拡大図である。It is a partially enlarged view of another rotor. 他の回転子の一部拡大図である。It is a partially enlarged view of another rotor. 他の回転子の一部拡大図である。It is a partially enlarged view of another rotor. 他の回転子の一部拡大図である。It is a partially enlarged view of another rotor. 本発明の他の実施形態における、同期電動機回転子の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the synchronous motor rotor in other embodiment of this invention. 従来の同期電動機の回転子を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the rotor of the conventional synchronous motor. 従来の同期電動機の回転子を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the rotor of the conventional synchronous motor.

以下、図面を参照しつつ、本発明の実施形態について説明する。図1aは、本発明の実施形態における、同期電動機回転子の断面図である。この回転子は、円板状の高透磁率材料にプレス加工を施して成型された回転子素片101を回転軸方向に複数枚積層し、固着して作られる。回転子素片101の互いに直交する2本の直径線102に対して、対称に複数のスリット103を形成することで、複数の磁路125,126,127を形成し、回転子の円周方向に磁気抵抗分布を発生させる。そして、前記直径線102の近傍に固定子円周部で結集した低磁気抵抗部分が4個の磁極をなして、回転磁界内で回転軸回りに回転する。このとき隣接する磁路125,126,127は互いに分離され、磁気的に絶縁された状態であった方が磁極の磁気抵抗差が大きくなるためモータのトルクは向上するが、回転子の形状維持のため、各スリット103の端部と回転子素片101の周縁との間には隣接する磁路125,126,127同士を接続する結合部120,121,122を設けている。以上の構造については、図3と同様である。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional view of a synchronous motor rotor in an embodiment of the present invention. This rotor is made by laminating a plurality of rotor element pieces 101 formed by pressing a disk-shaped high magnetic permeability material in the direction of the rotation axis and fixing them. A plurality of slits 103 are formed symmetrically with respect to two diameter lines 102 of the rotor element 101 that are orthogonal to each other, thereby forming a plurality of magnetic paths 125, 126, 127, and the circumferential direction of the rotor To generate a magnetoresistance distribution. Then, the low magnetic resistance portion gathered around the stator circumference in the vicinity of the diameter line 102 forms four magnetic poles and rotates around the rotation axis in the rotating magnetic field. At this time, the adjacent magnetic paths 125, 126, and 127 are separated from each other and magnetically insulated, the magnetic resistance difference between the magnetic poles increases, so that the motor torque is improved, but the rotor shape is maintained. Therefore, coupling portions 120, 121, and 122 that connect adjacent magnetic paths 125, 126, and 127 are provided between the ends of the slits 103 and the periphery of the rotor element 101. About the above structure, it is the same as that of FIG.

本実施形態では、複数のスリット103に、全長にわたり磁石材料115を埋め込んでいる。磁石材料115は、予めスリット103と同形状に製作されたものをスリット103に挿入し接着する方法や、ボンド磁石をスリット103に充填して一体成形する方法でスリット103に埋め込まれる。そして、磁石材料115の一部分には着磁が施され、他の部分は着磁されないままとなっている。図1aにおいては、各スリット103の中央部(符号116で示した箇所)が着磁された着磁部116である。上述した磁石材料115は、各スリット103の断面形状に合わせて成形されている。また、磁石材料115の軸方向の長さは、電磁鋼板の積層の厚みに合わせて決定される。磁石材料115の着磁は、電磁鋼板に組み付ける前に必要部分の着磁を行ってもよいし、電磁鋼板に組み付けた後で着磁してもよい。   In the present embodiment, the magnet material 115 is embedded in the plurality of slits 103 over the entire length. The magnet material 115 is embedded in the slit 103 by a method in which a material manufactured in advance with the same shape as the slit 103 is inserted into the slit 103 and bonded, or a method in which a bonded magnet is filled into the slit 103 and integrally formed. A part of the magnet material 115 is magnetized, and the other part is not magnetized. In FIG. 1 a, the central portion (location indicated by reference numeral 116) of each slit 103 is a magnetized portion 116 that is magnetized. The magnet material 115 described above is formed in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of each slit 103. Further, the axial length of the magnet material 115 is determined in accordance with the thickness of the laminated magnetic steel sheets. Magnetization of the magnet material 115 may be performed before magnetizing the electromagnetic steel sheet, or may be magnetized after it is assembled to the electromagnetic steel sheet.

この着磁の範囲は、誘起電圧に応じて、設定されることが望ましい。なお、誘起電圧は、電動機の回転数(回転速度)に比例するため、誘起電圧は、電動機の定格回転速度などから推測することができる。そして、誘起電圧(回転数)が大きいほど、磁束密度が小さくなるように、着磁の範囲を小さくすることが望ましい。なお、具体的な着磁範囲は、実験などにより求めることができる。   This magnetization range is desirably set according to the induced voltage. Since the induced voltage is proportional to the rotation speed (rotation speed) of the electric motor, the induced voltage can be estimated from the rated rotation speed of the electric motor. And it is desirable to make the range of magnetization small so that the greater the induced voltage (the number of rotations), the smaller the magnetic flux density. The specific magnetization range can be obtained by experiments or the like.

このように、スリット103と同形状の磁石材料115をスリット103に埋め込んだうえで、当該磁石材料115の着磁する範囲を変更することで、同じ構造でありながら特性の異なるモータを容易に製造することができる。これによりサイズの異なる磁石製作が不要となり、磁石製作を行なう金型費のコストアップを抑制することができる。更にモータの製造ロット数が増えるため、効率的に生産することが可能になり、コストアップを抑制することができる。   In this manner, by embedding the magnet material 115 having the same shape as the slit 103 in the slit 103 and changing the magnetized range of the magnet material 115, a motor having the same structure but different characteristics can be easily manufactured. can do. As a result, it is not necessary to manufacture magnets having different sizes, and it is possible to suppress an increase in mold costs for manufacturing the magnets. Furthermore, since the number of motor production lots increases, it becomes possible to produce efficiently and to suppress an increase in cost.

またスリット103全体に磁石材料115を入れ一体成形することで、スリット103の形状が拘束されるため、結合部120,121,122に掛かる応力集中が緩和されるとともに電気絶縁性樹脂等の別部材を充填する工程が無くなり、作業工程の増加によるコストアップを抑制することができる。   Moreover, since the shape of the slit 103 is constrained by putting the magnet material 115 in the entire slit 103 and integrally forming it, the stress concentration applied to the coupling portions 120, 121, 122 is alleviated and another member such as an electrically insulating resin is used. This eliminates the step of filling the material, and can suppress an increase in cost due to an increase in work steps.

なお、図1aでは、全ての磁石材料115に着磁部116を設けているが、磁束密度を調整するために、一部の磁石材料115にのみ着磁部116を設けるようにしてもよい。例えば、図1b〜図1eに示すように、一部の磁石材料115にのみ着磁部116を設けてもよい。   In FIG. 1a, the magnetized portions 116 are provided in all the magnet materials 115, but the magnetized portions 116 may be provided only in some of the magnet materials 115 in order to adjust the magnetic flux density. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1 b to 1 e, the magnetized portion 116 may be provided only in a part of the magnet material 115.

また、図1fに示すように、外周部に空隙部135を設けてもよい。このように、スリット103の大半(スリット103の両端近傍以外の部分)に磁石材料115が挿入されていれば、外周部に空隙部135があったとしても、スリット103の変形が効果的に防止でき、ひいては、結合部120,121,122への応力集中を緩和することが出来るためである。その一方で、外周部に空隙部135を設けることにより、磁石材料115の端部形状をスリット103の円周方向に直角にするなど単純形状に出来るため、磁石材料115の製作が容易となり、安価に製作できる。   Further, as shown in FIG. 1f, a gap portion 135 may be provided on the outer peripheral portion. As described above, if the magnet material 115 is inserted in most of the slit 103 (portions other than the vicinity of both ends of the slit 103), the deformation of the slit 103 is effectively prevented even if there is a gap 135 in the outer peripheral portion. This is because the stress concentration on the joints 120, 121, 122 can be relaxed. On the other hand, by providing the gap portion 135 in the outer peripheral portion, the shape of the end of the magnet material 115 can be made simple, such as making it perpendicular to the circumferential direction of the slit 103, making the magnet material 115 easy to manufacture and inexpensive. Can be produced.

また、回転子の外周に近いスリット103の磁石材料115のみ省略してもよい。この理由を説明する。回転子が回転した場合、最内周のスリット103の両端に位置する結合部120は、磁路125,126,127に掛かる遠心力を保持する必要がある。一方、中間のスリット103の両端に位置する結合部121は、磁路125,126に掛かる遠心力、最外周のスリット103の両端に位置する結合部122は、磁路125に掛かる遠心力を保持すればよい。よって、結合部に掛かる応力は、結合部120が一番大きく、次に結合部121、結合部122の順になる。すなわち結合部122に掛かる応力は、結合部120より小さいので回転子の外周に近いスリット103は磁石材料115を入れて補強しなくても材料の許容応力以下となることがあり、この場合は、磁石材料115を省略できる。   Further, only the magnet material 115 of the slit 103 close to the outer periphery of the rotor may be omitted. The reason for this will be explained. When the rotor rotates, the coupling portions 120 located at both ends of the innermost slit 103 need to maintain the centrifugal force applied to the magnetic paths 125, 126, and 127. On the other hand, the coupling portions 121 positioned at both ends of the intermediate slit 103 hold centrifugal force applied to the magnetic paths 125 and 126, and the coupling portions 122 positioned at both ends of the outermost slit 103 hold centrifugal force applied to the magnetic path 125. do it. Therefore, the stress applied to the joint portion is the largest in the joint portion 120, and then comes in the order of the joint portion 121 and the joint portion 122. That is, since the stress applied to the coupling portion 122 is smaller than the coupling portion 120, the slit 103 near the outer periphery of the rotor may be less than the allowable stress of the material even if the magnet material 115 is not reinforced, in this case, The magnet material 115 can be omitted.

図2は、本発明の他の実施形態における、電動機回転子の断面図である。図1との違いは、スリット103の中央付近に繋ぎ部130を設けている点である。この繋ぎ部130により回転子が補強されるため、図1の回転子より、更に高速回転が可能となる。   FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electric motor rotor according to another embodiment of the present invention. The difference from FIG. 1 is that a connecting portion 130 is provided near the center of the slit 103. Since the rotor is reinforced by the connecting portion 130, the rotor can be rotated at a higher speed than the rotor of FIG.

図1,2の同期電動機は、磁気抵抗となる複数のスリット103を設けることで、磁極105から隣あう磁極105に磁路125,126,127を形成することで、トルクを発生させる。従って、スリット103を横断する方向に磁束が生成されると、発生トルクは低下する。図2のように繋ぎ部130を設けると、このスリット103を横断する方向に漏れ磁束が発生することになるため、トルクが低下する。また、一つのスリット103に挿入される磁石材料115が分割されるため、磁石の挿入工数が増加するというデメリットもあるが、上述したように、回転数の向上には効果がある。なお、図2の形態では、一つのスリット103に繋ぎ部130を一つしか設けていないが、繋ぎ部130は、より多数であってもよい。   The synchronous motor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 generates a torque by forming magnetic paths 125, 126, and 127 in the magnetic pole 105 adjacent to the magnetic pole 105 by providing a plurality of slits 103 serving as a magnetic resistance. Therefore, when a magnetic flux is generated in a direction crossing the slit 103, the generated torque decreases. When the connecting portion 130 is provided as shown in FIG. 2, a leakage magnetic flux is generated in a direction crossing the slit 103, so that the torque is reduced. Further, since the magnet material 115 inserted into one slit 103 is divided, there is a demerit that the man-hour for inserting the magnet is increased. However, as described above, there is an effect in improving the rotation speed. In the form of FIG. 2, only one connecting portion 130 is provided in one slit 103, but there may be more connecting portions 130.

101 回転子素片、102 直径線、103 スリット、104,106,125,126,127 磁路、105 磁極、107,120,121,122 結合部、110 永久磁石、115 磁石材料、116 着磁部、130 繋ぎ部、135 空隙部。   101 rotor element, 102 diameter line, 103 slit, 104, 106, 125, 126, 127 magnetic path, 105 magnetic pole, 107, 120, 121, 122 coupling part, 110 permanent magnet, 115 magnet material, 116 magnetized part , 130 connecting part, 135 gap part.

Claims (1)

高透磁率材料で構成され、複数のスリットが形成された同期電動機の回転子であって、
各スリットは、周方向において互いに隣接する磁極と磁極との間に形成され、
少なくとも一つのスリットには、その一部が着磁された磁石材料が埋め込まれている、
ことを特徴とする同期電動機の回転子。
A rotor of a synchronous motor made of a high permeability material and having a plurality of slits,
Each slit is formed between the magnetic poles adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction,
At least one slit is embedded with a magnet material partially magnetized,
The rotor of the synchronous motor characterized by the above-mentioned.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000092763A (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-31 Toshiba Corp Permanent magnet type motor
JP2006340556A (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-14 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd Permanent magnet member for interior magnet-type rotary electric machine and rotary electric machine
JP2007244026A (en) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-20 Daikin Ind Ltd Rotary electric machine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000092763A (en) * 1998-09-18 2000-03-31 Toshiba Corp Permanent magnet type motor
JP2006340556A (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-14 Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd Permanent magnet member for interior magnet-type rotary electric machine and rotary electric machine
JP2007244026A (en) * 2006-03-06 2007-09-20 Daikin Ind Ltd Rotary electric machine

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