JP2014018741A - Upward filtration apparatus equipped with fine particle filter medium - Google Patents

Upward filtration apparatus equipped with fine particle filter medium Download PDF

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JP2014018741A
JP2014018741A JP2012160095A JP2012160095A JP2014018741A JP 2014018741 A JP2014018741 A JP 2014018741A JP 2012160095 A JP2012160095 A JP 2012160095A JP 2012160095 A JP2012160095 A JP 2012160095A JP 2014018741 A JP2014018741 A JP 2014018741A
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granular filter
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Kazunori Koishi
和典 小石
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an upward filtration apparatus which can directly filter raw water to remove fine turbidity matters and hardly causes filtration blockage with reduced cost.SOLUTION: An upward filtration apparatus (1) is constituted of a pressure container (2) and a granular filter medium (2). The granular filter medium (3) is constituted of a plurality layers having different particle diameters and stacked so that the particle diameter becomes smaller from the lower part toward the upper part. A layer (4) of the minimum particle diameter that is the uppermost layer is constituted of particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm. A porous plate, namely, an outflow preventing plate (9) composed of ceramic is provided on such the granular filter medium (3), thereby preventing the outflow of the granular filter medium. In addition, a washing pipe (17) for supplying washing water during backwashing is embedded in the layer (4) of the minimum particle diameter.

Description

本発明は、河川、湖沼等から取水された原水、あるいは地下水等の濁質を含んだ被ろ過水をろ過して浄水を得る、上向きろ過装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an upward filtration device that obtains purified water by filtering raw water taken from rivers, lakes and the like, or filtered water containing turbidity such as groundwater.

生活用水、飲用水等に利用される浄水は、河川、湖沼、ダム等から取水された原水、あるいは地下から汲み上げられた地下水等を浄化処理して得られる。原水には、微生物やごみがコロイド状に浮遊する懸濁物質、いわゆる濁質が含まれおり、ろ過池、あるいはろ過装置によって濁質を除去する必要がある。ろ過池あるいはろ過装置に設けられているろ過材として、ろ砂等の粒子からなる粒状ろ過材は周知である。例えば急速ろ過池においては平均粒径０．４５〜０．７ｍｍのろ砂の層によって、緩速ろ過池においては平均粒径０．３〜０．４５ｍｍのろ砂の層によって、それぞれろ過するようになっており、いずれもろ過材は粒状ろ過材からなる。原水には大量の濁質が含まれているので、濁質によって目詰まりするろ過閉塞が頻繁に発生する。しかしながら、洗浄用の浄水すなわち洗浄水を、粒状ろ過材に逆向きに流して粒子を水中で舞わせて濁質を分離し、濁質を含んだ排水を外部に排出する、いわゆる逆洗によって容易に洗浄できる。また粒状ろ過材は比較的安価でもある。これらの点で粒状ろ過材は優れているので、浄水場において広く利用されている。   Purified water used for domestic water, drinking water, etc. is obtained by purifying raw water taken from rivers, lakes, dams, etc., or groundwater pumped from the ground. The raw water contains suspended matter in which microorganisms and dust are suspended in a colloidal state, so-called turbidity, and it is necessary to remove the turbidity by a filtration pond or a filtration device. As a filter medium provided in a filter basin or a filtration device, a granular filter medium made of particles such as filter sand is well known. For example, in a rapid filtration basin, it is filtered with a layer of filter sand having an average particle size of 0.45 to 0.7 mm, and in a slow filtration basin, it is filtered with a layer of filter sand having an average particle size of 0.3 to 0.45 mm. In both cases, the filter medium is a granular filter medium. Since raw water contains a large amount of turbidity, filtration clogging that is clogged by the turbidity frequently occurs. However, it is easy by so-called backwashing, in which purified water for washing, that is, washing water, flows in the reverse direction to the granular filter medium to separate particles in water and separates turbidity, and discharges wastewater containing turbidity to the outside. Can be washed. Granular filter media are also relatively inexpensive. In these respects, granular filter media are excellent and are widely used in water purification plants.

特許第４７２１２３９号公報Japanese Patent No. 4712239 特開２００６−２６４９３号公報JP 2006-26493 A

本出願人の出願に係る特許文献１には、粒状ろ過材の積層方法に特徴を有するろ過装置が記載されている。このろ過装置は圧力容器からなり、粒状ろ過材は下方から上方に向かって粒径が順次小さくなるように積層されたろ過部と、このろ過部の上に下方から上方に向かって粒径が順次大きくなるように積層されているろ砂流出防止部とからなる。そしてろ過部の最上層、つまり最小の粒子の層は、粒径１〜５０μｍの粒子から構成されている。また粒状ろ過材は圧力容器の天井に達するように充填されている。従って被ろ過水を圧力容器の下方から０．０５ＭＰａ以上の水圧で供給すると、被ろ過水は粒状ろ過材中を上向きに流れろ過されることになる。このとき粒状ろ過材は圧力容器の天井に達するように充填されているので積層状態は変化することがなく、最小の粒子の層を構成している粒子は流出しないし、浄水を上から下向きに流して粒状ろ過材を洗浄するときにも積層状態は変化せず粒子は流出しない。   Patent Document 1 relating to the applicant's application describes a filtration device having a feature in a method of laminating granular filter media. This filtration device is composed of a pressure vessel, and the granular filter material is laminated so that the particle size is gradually reduced from below to above, and the particle size is sequentially from above to below on this filtration unit. It consists of filter sand outflow prevention parts stacked so as to be large. The uppermost layer of the filtration part, that is, the smallest particle layer is composed of particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm. The granular filter medium is filled so as to reach the ceiling of the pressure vessel. Therefore, when the water to be filtered is supplied from below the pressure vessel at a water pressure of 0.05 MPa or more, the water to be filtered flows through the particulate filter upward and is filtered. At this time, the granular filter medium is filled so as to reach the ceiling of the pressure vessel, so that the lamination state does not change, the particles constituting the smallest particle layer do not flow out, and the purified water is directed downward from above. Even when the particulate filter is washed by flowing, the layered state does not change and the particles do not flow out.

ろ過材としてセラミックスからなる膜ろ過材も周知である。膜ろ過材は、微細な濁質を除去するいわゆる精密ろ過装置に利用されており、例えば特許文献２に記載されているように構成されている。一般的に、セラミックスの膜ろ過材によってろ過する対象は濁質が少ない水であり、例えば浄水をさらにろ過するような用途に利用されている。具体的には家庭用の浄水器をあげることができ、浄水器にはセラミックスからなる膜ろ過材が設けられている。   Membrane filter media made of ceramics are also well known as filter media. The membrane filter is used in a so-called microfiltration device that removes fine turbidity, and is configured as described in Patent Document 2, for example. In general, an object to be filtered by a ceramic membrane filter material is water with less turbidity, and is used for applications such as further filtering purified water, for example. Specifically, a household water purifier can be mentioned, and the water purifier is provided with a membrane filter made of ceramics.

緩速ろ過池や急速ろ過池のように粒状ろ過材によっても、被ろ過水中の濁質を効率よく除去することができるので優れてはいる。しかしながら問題も認められる。例えば粒状ろ過材は逆洗するとき粒子を水中に舞わせて洗浄するが、このとき粒子が排水時に外部に流出しないようにする必要がある。つまり粒状ろ過材は水中で速やかに沈下させる必要があるが、粒径が小さいと沈下せずに流出してしまう。流出を防止するために粒径の大きさを十分に小さくすることはできず、微細な濁質を除去することはできない。集団食中毒の原因であるクリプトスポリジウムは数μｍの大きさであるので、これを確実に除去することが保障できず、必ずしも安全な浄水が得られない。また、粒状ろ過材は頻繁に洗浄しなければならないという問題もある。つまり粒状ろ過材は、逆洗をすると下層から上層に向かって粒径が小さくなるように積層されることになる。このような粒状ろ過材に濁質を含んだ原水を下向きにろ過すると、最も粒径が小さい最上層において、濁質のほとんどが除去される。すなわち最上層において早期に目詰まりしてしまう。従って粒状ろ過材は頻繁に逆洗する必要があり、洗浄に要するコストが大きい。   Even with a granular filter medium such as a slow filtration basin and a rapid filtration pond, turbidity in the water to be filtered can be efficiently removed, which is excellent. However, there are problems. For example, when a particulate filter is backwashed, the particles are washed in water, and at this time, it is necessary to prevent the particles from flowing out during drainage. In other words, the granular filter medium needs to be quickly submerged in water, but if the particle size is small, it will flow out without subsidizing. In order to prevent outflow, the size of the particle size cannot be made sufficiently small, and fine turbidity cannot be removed. Cryptosporidium, which is a cause of mass food poisoning, is several μm in size, so it cannot be surely removed, and safe water purification is not always obtained. In addition, there is a problem that the granular filter medium must be frequently washed. That is, the granular filter medium is laminated so that the particle diameter decreases from the lower layer to the upper layer when backwashing is performed. When raw water containing turbidity in such a granular filter material is filtered downward, most of the turbidity is removed in the uppermost layer having the smallest particle size. That is, the uppermost layer is clogged early. Therefore, it is necessary to backwash the granular filter material frequently, and the cost required for the cleaning is large.

特許文献１に記載のろ過装置の場合には、粒状ろ過材は、ろ砂流出防止部によって流出が防止されているので、粒径が１〜５０μｍの非常に小さい粒子であってもろ過材として利用することができクリプトスポリジウム等の微細な濁質も除去できる。また逆洗においても粒状ろ過材の積層状態が変化しないので、粒子が流出することも防止でき優れている。しかしながら、逆洗においては浄水中で粒子が舞わないので、粒子から濁質が分離しにくく必ずしも洗浄の効率が高いとは言えない。またろ過と逆洗を繰り返し実施すると、粒状ろ過材の積層状態が変化する場合もある。そうするとろ砂流出防止部が機能せずに最小の粒子の層を構成している粒子が流出してしまったり、ろ過の性能が低下してしまう問題が発生する危険がある。   In the case of the filtering device described in Patent Document 1, since the particulate filter material is prevented from flowing out by the filter sand outflow prevention unit, even if it is a very small particle having a particle size of 1 to 50 μm, It can be used and fine turbidity such as Cryptosporidium can be removed. In addition, since the layered state of the granular filter medium does not change even in backwashing, it is excellent in preventing particles from flowing out. However, in backwashing, the particles do not move in the purified water, so it is difficult to separate the suspended matter from the particles, and the washing efficiency is not necessarily high. Moreover, when filtration and backwashing are repeatedly performed, the lamination | stacking state of a granular filter medium may change. If it does so, there exists a danger that the particle | grains which comprise the layer of the minimum particle | grains may flow out without the filter sand outflow prevention part function, or the problem that the performance of filtration falls may generate | occur | produce.

一方セラミックスの膜ろ過材を備えたろ過装置にも問題が見受けられる。セラミックスの膜ろ過材は微細な濁質を除去できるので、クリプトスポリジウムも完全に除去することはできる。しかしながら濁質の多い原水をろ過すると、すぐに目詰まりしてしまう。従ってろ過する対象は、ろ過池や他のろ過装置でろ過した浄水に限定されてしまう。仮に、ろ過池の下流にセラミックスの膜ろ過材を備えたろ過装置を設けるようにすると、クリプトスポリジウムを完全に除去して安全な浄水は得られるが、ろ過池の他にろ過装置を必要とするのでコストが嵩む。また、セラミックスの膜ろ過材は、目詰まりしたときにこれを解消することが難しいという問題もある。一般的に膜ろ過材の洗浄は、浄水を膜ろ過材中を逆向きに流して実施し、必要に応じて超音波を作用させたりするが、膜ろ過材に入り込んだ微細な濁質は十分に排出することができず、膜ろ過材の性能は完全には回復しない。   On the other hand, a problem is also found in a filtration apparatus equipped with a ceramic membrane filter material. Ceramic membrane filter media can remove fine turbidity, so Cryptosporidium can also be completely removed. However, if raw water with much turbidity is filtered, it will be clogged immediately. Therefore, the object to be filtered is limited to purified water filtered by a filtration pond or other filtration device. If a filter equipped with a ceramic membrane filter is provided downstream of the filter basin, Cryptosporidium can be completely removed to obtain safe water, but a filter is required in addition to the filter pond. So cost increases. Also, ceramic membrane filter media has a problem that it is difficult to eliminate this when clogged. In general, washing of membrane filter media is carried out by flowing purified water in the reverse direction, and ultrasonic waves are applied as necessary, but fine turbidity that has entered the membrane filter media is sufficient. The performance of the membrane filter is not completely recovered.

本発明は、上記したような問題点に鑑みてなされたろ過装置を提供することを目的としている。具体的には、コストの小さいろ過装置でありながら、濁質を含んだ原水を直接ろ過して、クリプトスポリジウムのような微細な濁質を確実に除去でき、従って安全な浄水を得ることができ、ろ過閉塞もし難く、ろ過材を容易に洗浄することができるろ過装置を提供することを目的としている。   An object of the present invention is to provide a filtration device made in view of the above problems. Specifically, although it is a low-cost filtration device, raw water containing turbidity can be directly filtered to remove fine turbidity such as Cryptosporidium, and thus safe water can be obtained. It is an object of the present invention to provide a filtration device that is difficult to filter and can easily wash a filter medium.

本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、ろ過装置を圧力容器とこの圧力容器内に設けられている粒状ろ過材と粒状ろ過材の流出を防止する流出防止板とから構成し、被ろ過水が上向きに流れてろ過される上向きろ過装置として構成する。粒状ろ過材は、下方から上方に向かって順次粒径が小さくなるように積層し、最上層は粒径が１〜５０μｍの粒子の層になるようにする。流出防止板は、粒状ろ過材を構成している粒子の粒径より小さな孔が多数空いた多孔板から構成し、限定はしないがセラミックスから形成する。このような粒状ろ過材の最上層には、洗浄水を供給する洗浄管を埋設する。この上向きろ過装置は、ろ過時において、圧力容器の下方から被ろ過水を０．０５ＭＰａ以上の水圧で供給すると粒状ろ過材が流出防止板に押し付けられ、逆洗時において、圧力容器の上方と洗浄管とから洗浄水を圧送すると、粒状ろ過材と流出防止板との間に所定の隙間ができると共に粒状ろ過材の上層部が洗浄水中に舞うようになっている。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention comprises a filtration device comprising a pressure vessel, a granular filter material provided in the pressure vessel, and an outflow prevention plate for preventing the granular filter material from flowing out. Is configured as an upward filtration device that flows upward and is filtered. The granular filter medium is laminated so that the particle diameter is gradually reduced from the bottom to the top, and the uppermost layer is a layer of particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm. The outflow prevention plate is composed of a perforated plate having many pores smaller than the particle size of the particles constituting the granular filter material, and is made of ceramics, although not limited thereto. A cleaning pipe for supplying cleaning water is embedded in the uppermost layer of such a granular filter medium. In this upward filtration device, when filtered water is supplied at a pressure of 0.05 MPa or more from below the pressure vessel during filtration, the granular filter medium is pressed against the outflow prevention plate. When the cleaning water is pumped from the pipe, a predetermined gap is formed between the granular filter medium and the outflow prevention plate, and the upper layer portion of the granular filter medium is allowed to float in the cleaning water.

かくして、請求項１記載の発明は、上記目的を達成するために、圧力容器と、該圧力容器内に設けられている粒状ろ過材と、該粒状ろ過材の流出を防止する流出防止板とから構成され、濁質を含んだ被ろ過水を上向きにろ過して浄水を得る上向きろ過装置であって、前記粒状ろ過材は、下方から上方に向かって順次粒径が小さくなるように積層され、最上層は粒径が１〜５０μｍの粒子の層からなり、前記流出防止板は、前記粒状ろ過材を構成している粒子の粒径より小さな孔が多数空いた多孔板からなり、前記粒状ろ過材の最上層には、洗浄水を供給する洗浄管が埋設され、ろ過時において、前記圧力容器の下方から被ろ過水を０．０５ＭＰａ以上の水圧で供給すると前記粒状ろ過材が前記流出防止板に押し付けられ、逆洗時において、前記圧力容器の上方と前記洗浄管とから洗浄水を圧送すると、前記粒状ろ過材と前記流出防止板との間に所定の隙間ができると共に前記粒状ろ過材の上層部が洗浄水中に舞うことを特徴とする上向きろ過装置として構成される。
請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載の上向きろ過装置において、前記流出防止板はセラミックス、または高分子化合物の粒子から焼結によって形成されていることを特徴とする上向きろ過装置として構成される。 Thus, in order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a pressure vessel, a granular filter material provided in the pressure vessel, and an outflow prevention plate for preventing the granular filter material from flowing out. It is an upward filtration device that is configured to obtain purified water by filtering the water to be filtered containing turbidity upward, and the granular filter material is laminated so that the particle size decreases sequentially from below to above, The uppermost layer is composed of a layer of particles having a particle size of 1 to 50 μm, and the outflow prevention plate is composed of a perforated plate having a number of pores smaller than the particle size of the particles constituting the granular filter material. A cleaning pipe for supplying cleaning water is embedded in the uppermost layer of the material, and when filtering the filtered water is supplied from below the pressure vessel at a water pressure of 0.05 MPa or more during filtration, the granular filter material is removed from the outflow prevention plate. Pressed against and in front of backwash When the cleaning water is pumped from above the pressure vessel and the cleaning pipe, a predetermined gap is formed between the granular filter medium and the outflow prevention plate, and the upper layer portion of the granular filter medium is drifted in the cleaning water. It is configured as an upward filtration device.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the upward filtration apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the outflow prevention plate is formed by sintering from ceramics or polymer compound particles. Composed.

以上のように、本発明においては、圧力容器と、該圧力容器内に設けられている粒状ろ過材と、該粒状ろ過材の流出を防止する流出防止板とから構成され、濁質を含んだ被ろ過水を上向きにろ過して浄水を得る上向きろ過装置として構成されている。そして粒状ろ過材は、下方から上方に向かって順次粒径が小さくなるように積層されている。従って被ろ過水が上向きにろ過されるとき、大きな濁質は下層で、小さな濁質は上層で濾し取られ、粒状ろ過材全体でろ過されることになる。つまり粒状ろ過材全体で濁質が濾し取られるので、ろ過閉塞し難いという優れた効果がある。そして粒状ろ過材の最上層は粒径が１〜５０μｍの粒子の層からなるので、クリプトスポリジウムのような微細な濁質は実質的に完全に除去されることになる。つまり安全な浄水を得られることになる。ところでこのような微細な粒子は上向きに流す被ろ過水によって水中で舞いやすく、外部に流出したり、ろ過材としての作用を奏さない恐れもある。しかしながら本発明によると、流出防止板は、粒状ろ過材を構成している粒子の粒径より小さな孔が多数空いた多孔板からなるので、粒状ろ過材を構成している粒子が流出することがない。またろ過時において、圧力容器の下方から被ろ過水を０．０５ＭＰａ以上の水圧で供給すると前記粒状ろ過材が前記流出防止板に押し付けられるようになっている。そうするとろ過時において粒子が水中に舞うことがなく、ろ過材として作用することが保障される。また本発明によると、粒状ろ過材の最上層には、洗浄水を供給する洗浄管が埋設されている。そして、逆洗時において、圧力容器の上方と洗浄管とから洗浄水を圧送すると、粒状ろ過材と流出防止板との間に所定の隙間ができると共に粒状ろ過材の上層部が洗浄水中に舞うようになっている。つまり粒状ろ過材の洗浄を効率よく実施することができることになる。   As described above, in the present invention, it is composed of a pressure vessel, a granular filter material provided in the pressure vessel, and an outflow prevention plate for preventing the granular filter material from flowing out, and includes turbidity. It is comprised as an upward filtration apparatus which filters filtered water upward and obtains purified water. And the granular filter material is laminated | stacked so that a particle size may become small sequentially toward the upper direction from the downward direction. Therefore, when the water to be filtered is filtered upward, the large turbidity is filtered out in the lower layer, the small turbidity is filtered out in the upper layer, and is filtered through the entire granular filter material. In other words, since the turbidity is filtered out by the whole particulate filter material, there is an excellent effect that the filtration is not easily blocked. And since the uppermost layer of a granular filter material consists of a particle | grain layer with a particle size of 1-50 micrometers, the fine turbidity like Cryptosporidium will be removed substantially completely. In other words, safe water can be obtained. By the way, such fine particles easily float in the water by the water to be filtered flowing upward, and may flow out to the outside or may not function as a filter medium. However, according to the present invention, the outflow prevention plate is composed of a perforated plate having a large number of holes smaller than the particle size of the particles constituting the granular filter material, so that the particles constituting the granular filter material may flow out. Absent. Further, during filtration, when the water to be filtered is supplied from below the pressure vessel at a water pressure of 0.05 MPa or more, the granular filter material is pressed against the outflow prevention plate. This ensures that the particles do not fly into the water during filtration and act as a filter medium. According to the present invention, a cleaning pipe for supplying cleaning water is embedded in the uppermost layer of the granular filter medium. During backwashing, when washing water is pumped from above the pressure vessel and the washing tube, a predetermined gap is formed between the particulate filter material and the outflow prevention plate, and the upper layer portion of the particulate filter material floats in the washing water. It is like that. That is, the granular filter medium can be efficiently cleaned.

本発明の実施の形態に係るろ過装置を模式的に示す側面断面図である。It is side surface sectional drawing which shows typically the filtration apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

図１を参照して、本発明の実施の形態に係る上向きろ過装置１を説明する。本実施の形態に係る上向きろ過装置１は、濁質を含んだ被ろ過水を上向きにろ過するろ過装置として構成されている。上向きろ過装置１は、中空の圧力容器２、この圧力容器２内に設けられている粒状ろ過材３、等から構成されている。圧力容器２は、所定の肉厚の鋼板からなり、円筒状の胴部５と、この胴部５の上部に液密的に取り付けられているドーム状を呈するヘッド部６と、同様に胴部５の下部に液密的に取り付けられているドーム状のボトム部７とから構成されている。このような形状に形成されているので、圧力容器２は内圧に対して高い耐性を備えている。また圧力容器２は容易に分解することができるので、粒状ろ過材３をメンテナンスしたり、内部の部材を交換することができる。   With reference to FIG. 1, the upward filtration apparatus 1 which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated. The upward filtration apparatus 1 which concerns on this Embodiment is comprised as a filtration apparatus which filters the to-be-filtered water containing turbidity upward. The upward filtration device 1 includes a hollow pressure vessel 2 and a granular filter medium 3 provided in the pressure vessel 2. The pressure vessel 2 is made of a steel plate having a predetermined thickness, and has a cylindrical barrel portion 5, a dome-like head portion 6 that is liquid-tightly attached to the upper portion of the barrel portion 5, and a barrel portion as well. 5 and a dome-shaped bottom portion 7 that is liquid-tightly attached to the lower portion of 5. Since it is formed in such a shape, the pressure vessel 2 has high resistance to the internal pressure. Moreover, since the pressure vessel 2 can be easily disassembled, the granular filter medium 3 can be maintained and the internal members can be exchanged.

粒状ろ過材３は、粒径が異なる粒子から複数の層に積層され、最下層３２は砂利等の比較的粒径の大きい粒子からなり、中層３１はろ砂からなり、上層３０は粒径の小さいろ砂から構成されている。そして最上層にあたる最小の粒子の層４は、粒径が１〜５０μｍの粒子から構成されている。つまり粒状ろ過材３は、被ろ過水が流れる方向に順次粒径が小さくなるように積層されている。   The particulate filter medium 3 is laminated in a plurality of layers from particles having different particle sizes, the lowermost layer 32 is made of particles having a relatively large particle size such as gravel, the middle layer 31 is made of filter sand, and the upper layer 30 is made of a small particle size. Consists of filter sand. The smallest particle layer 4 corresponding to the uppermost layer is composed of particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 50 μm. That is, the granular filter media 3 are laminated so that the particle diameter becomes smaller in the direction in which the water to be filtered flows.

このような粒状ろ過材３の上には、粒状ろ過材３を構成している各粒子が外部に流出しないように保護する流出防止板９が設けられている。流出防止板９は多数の微細な孔が空いた多孔板からなり、その孔径は最小の粒子の層４の粒子の粒径よりも小さい。流出防止板９は、本実施の形態においては所定のセラミックスから焼成されているが、高分子化合物の粒子から焼結によって形成することもできる。高分子化合物としては、ポリエチレン、超高分子ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルメタアクリレート、エチレン酢酸ビニル、フッ素樹脂等を挙げることができ、このような高分子化合物から焼結形成された多孔材料は、例えば富士ケミカル株式会社から「プラスチック焼結多孔質体」として製品化されている。従って、多孔材料を加工して流出防止板９を得ることも可能である。いずれにしても、流出防止板９は、粒状ろ過材３を構成しているろ過材が流出しない程度の径の孔が多数空いていればよい。このような流出防止板９は、圧力容器２内で上方に移動しないように、所定の構造からなる押さえ部材１０が圧力容器２内に設けられている。   On the granular filter medium 3, an outflow prevention plate 9 that protects each particle constituting the granular filter medium 3 from flowing out is provided. The outflow prevention plate 9 is composed of a porous plate having a large number of fine holes, and the pore diameter is smaller than the particle diameter of the layer 4 of the smallest particle. The outflow prevention plate 9 is fired from predetermined ceramics in the present embodiment, but can also be formed by sintering from polymer compound particles. Examples of the polymer compound include polyethylene, ultra-high molecular polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, and a fluororesin. Porous materials formed by sintering from such a polymer compound include, for example, It has been commercialized as “plastic sintered porous body” by Fuji Chemical Co., Ltd. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the outflow prevention plate 9 by processing the porous material. In any case, the outflow prevention plate 9 only needs to have a large number of holes having such a diameter that the filter medium constituting the granular filter medium 3 does not flow out. The outflow prevention plate 9 is provided with a pressing member 10 having a predetermined structure in the pressure vessel 2 so as not to move upward in the pressure vessel 2.

粒状ろ過材３の、最小の粒子の層４には、多数の孔が明けられた洗浄管１７が埋設されている。この洗浄管１７は粒状ろ過材３を逆洗するときに浄水からなる洗浄水を粒状ろ過材３中に供給する管である。洗浄管１７に明けられている孔の径は、最小の粒子の層４を構成している粒子よりも小さくして、管内への粒子の流入を防止してもよいが、このような小径の孔は加工が困難であり、必ずしもそのようにする必要はない。例えば洗浄管１７の孔径を１ｍｍ程度にすると、洗浄管１７内に粒状ろ過材３の粒子が入り込んでしまうが、所定量の粒子が入ったらそれ以上粒子は入り込むことはないので、粒状ろ過材３が流出することはない。そして洗浄水を供給するときにも管内に入り込んだ粒子は妨げにならない。従って洗浄管１７には、加工がし易い所定径の孔が多数明けられている。   A cleaning pipe 17 having a large number of holes is embedded in the smallest particle layer 4 of the granular filter medium 3. The cleaning pipe 17 is a pipe that supplies cleaning water made of purified water into the granular filter medium 3 when the granular filter medium 3 is backwashed. The diameter of the hole opened in the cleaning tube 17 may be smaller than the particles constituting the smallest particle layer 4 to prevent the particles from flowing into the tube. Holes are difficult to machine and need not be so. For example, if the hole diameter of the cleaning tube 17 is about 1 mm, particles of the granular filter material 3 enter the cleaning tube 17, but if a predetermined amount of particles enter, no more particles enter, so the granular filter material 3 Will not leak. And when supplying cleaning water, the particles that have entered the tube do not interfere. Accordingly, the cleaning tube 17 has a number of holes with a predetermined diameter that are easy to process.

圧力容器２のボトム部７には、被ろ過水を供給する供給管１８が接続され、供給管１８には被ろ過水を圧送するポンプ１９と、第１の弁２１とが介装されている。ボトム部７にには逆洗したときの洗浄排水を排出する排水管２２も接続され、排水管２２には第２の弁２３が介装されている。そして圧力容器２のヘッド部６には、ろ過された水を送水する送水管２５が接続されている。   A supply pipe 18 for supplying water to be filtered is connected to the bottom portion 7 of the pressure vessel 2, and a pump 19 for pumping the water to be filtered and a first valve 21 are interposed in the supply pipe 18. . Also connected to the bottom portion 7 is a drain pipe 22 for discharging the washing waste water when backwashed, and a second valve 23 is interposed in the drain pipe 22. A water supply pipe 25 that supplies the filtered water is connected to the head portion 6 of the pressure vessel 2.

本実施の形態に係る上向きろ過装置１の作用を説明する。ろ過をしていないとき、粒状ろ過材３には圧力がかかっていないので、粒状ろ過材３と流出防止板９との間には所定の隙間、例えば数ｍｍ〜１ｃｍ程度の隙間が生じている。被ろ過水をろ過するには次のようにする。第１の弁２１を開き、第２の弁２３を閉じる。河川、湖沼またはダムから取水した原水、あるいは地下水を被ろ過水として、ポンプ１９によって被ろ過水を圧力容器２内に圧送する。被ろ過水は、０．０５ＭＰａ以上の水圧で圧送する。被ろ過水がこのような水圧で供給されると、粒状ろ過材３には上向きの圧力がかかり、あるいは粒状ろ過材３が膨張し、粒状ろ過材３が流出防止板９に押し付けられる。これによって粒子が水中で舞い上がることが防止され、粒状ろ過材３がろ過材としての作用を奏することが保障される。被ろ過水は色々な粒径の濁質を含んでいるが、粒状ろ過材３中を上向きに流れるときに、大きい濁質は下層で、中程度の濁質は中層で、小さい濁質は上層でそれぞれ濾し取られる。すなわち粒状ろ過材３の全体で濁質が濾し採られ、特定の層に集中して濁質が蓄積することはない。そして、粒状ろ過材３の最小の粒子の層４によって微細な濁質が除去され、クリプトスポリジウムは実質的に完全に除去される。このようにしてろ過されて得られた水、すなわち浄水は、送水管２５から外部に送水される。   The effect | action of the upward filtration apparatus 1 which concerns on this Embodiment is demonstrated. When the filtration is not performed, no pressure is applied to the granular filter material 3, so that a predetermined gap, for example, a gap of several mm to 1 cm is generated between the granular filter material 3 and the outflow prevention plate 9. . To filter the water to be filtered: The first valve 21 is opened and the second valve 23 is closed. The raw water taken from rivers, lakes or dams or ground water is used as filtered water, and the filtered water is pumped into the pressure vessel 2 by the pump 19. The water to be filtered is pumped at a water pressure of 0.05 MPa or more. When the water to be filtered is supplied at such a water pressure, an upward pressure is applied to the granular filter medium 3 or the granular filter medium 3 expands and the granular filter medium 3 is pressed against the outflow prevention plate 9. As a result, the particles are prevented from flying up in the water, and it is ensured that the particulate filter medium 3 functions as a filter medium. The water to be filtered contains turbidity of various particle sizes, but when flowing upward in the granular filter medium 3, the large turbidity is the lower layer, the medium turbidity is the middle layer, and the small turbidity is the upper layer. Each is filtered off. That is, turbidity is filtered and collected in the whole granular filter medium 3, and the turbidity does not accumulate in a specific layer. Fine turbidity is removed by the smallest particle layer 4 of the particulate filter medium 3, and Cryptosporidium is substantially completely removed. The water obtained by filtration in this way, that is, purified water, is sent from the water pipe 25 to the outside.

運転を継続すると、濁質が粒状ろ過材３に蓄積してろ過の効率が低下する。すなわちろ過閉塞する。濁質を除去するために次のようにして逆洗を行う。ポンプ１９を停止して被ろ過水の供給を停止する。第１の弁２１を閉じ、第２の弁２３を開く。粒状ろ過材３に水圧が作用しないと粒状ろ過材３と流出防止板９との間に所定の隙間が形成される。洗浄用の浄水すなわち洗浄水を送水管２５から圧力容器内に供給すると共に、洗浄管１７から供給する。そうすると粒状ろ過材３の最上層の最小の粒子の層４および隣接する層の粒子は洗浄水中で舞って、粒子に付着している濁質は分離する。濁質を含んだ洗浄水は、粒状ろ過材３の中を下方に押し流されるが、濁質の比重は１よりも大きく、粒状ろ過材３は下方に向かって粒径が大きくなるように積層されているので、濁質は下方に落下しやすい。濁質を含んだ洗浄水が下方に押し流されるとき、中層、下層に蓄積している濁質も押し流される。このようにして効率よく粒状ろ過材３が洗浄される。このような濁質を含んだ洗浄水つまり排水は、排水管２２から外部に排出される。   When the operation is continued, turbidity accumulates in the granular filter medium 3 and the filtration efficiency decreases. That is, the filtration is blocked. In order to remove turbidity, back washing is performed as follows. The pump 19 is stopped and the supply of filtered water is stopped. The first valve 21 is closed and the second valve 23 is opened. If water pressure does not act on the granular filter material 3, a predetermined gap is formed between the granular filter material 3 and the outflow prevention plate 9. Purified water for cleaning, that is, cleaning water, is supplied from the water supply pipe 25 into the pressure vessel and supplied from the cleaning pipe 17. Then, the layer 4 of the smallest particle of the uppermost layer of the granular filter medium 3 and the particles of the adjacent layer are moved in the washing water, and the turbidity adhering to the particles is separated. The washing water containing turbidity is pushed down through the particulate filter material 3, but the specific gravity of the turbidity is larger than 1, and the granular filter material 3 is laminated so that the particle size increases downward. As a result, turbidity tends to fall downward. When washing water containing turbidity is swept downward, turbidity accumulated in the middle and lower layers is also swept away. In this way, the granular filter medium 3 is efficiently washed. Wash water, that is, waste water containing such turbidity, is discharged to the outside from the drain pipe 22.

１ ろ過装置 ２ 圧力容器
３ 粒状ろ過材 ９ 流出防止板
１７ 洗浄管 １８ 供給管
１９ ポンプ ２５ 送水管 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Filtration apparatus 2 Pressure vessel 3 Granular filter material 9 Outflow prevention board 17 Washing pipe 18 Supply pipe 19 Pump 25 Water supply pipe

Claims (2)

圧力容器と、該圧力容器内に設けられている粒状ろ過材と、該粒状ろ過材の流出を防止する流出防止板とから構成され、濁質を含んだ被ろ過水を上向きにろ過して浄水を得る上向きろ過装置であって、
前記粒状ろ過材は、下方から上方に向かって順次粒径が小さくなるように積層され、最上層は粒径が１〜５０μｍの粒子の層からなり、
前記流出防止板は、前記粒状ろ過材を構成している粒子の粒径より小さな孔が多数空いた多孔板からなり、
前記粒状ろ過材の最上層には、洗浄水を供給する洗浄管が埋設され、
ろ過時において、前記圧力容器の下方から被ろ過水を０．０５ＭＰａ以上の水圧で供給すると前記粒状ろ過材が前記流出防止板に押し付けられ、
逆洗時において、前記圧力容器の上方と前記洗浄管とから洗浄水を圧送すると、前記粒状ろ過材と前記流出防止板との間に所定の隙間ができると共に前記粒状ろ過材の上層部が洗浄水中に舞うことを特徴とする上向きろ過装置。 Consists of a pressure vessel, a granular filter medium provided in the pressure vessel, and an outflow prevention plate for preventing the granular filter medium from flowing out. An upward filtration device to obtain
The granular filter material is laminated so that the particle size is gradually reduced from the bottom to the top, and the uppermost layer is a layer of particles having a particle size of 1 to 50 μm,
The outflow prevention plate is composed of a perforated plate having many pores smaller than the particle size of the particles constituting the granular filter material,
In the uppermost layer of the granular filter medium, a cleaning pipe for supplying cleaning water is embedded,
During filtration, when the filtered water is supplied from below the pressure vessel at a water pressure of 0.05 MPa or more, the granular filter material is pressed against the outflow prevention plate,
At the time of backwashing, when cleaning water is pumped from above the pressure vessel and the washing tube, a predetermined gap is formed between the granular filter material and the outflow prevention plate, and the upper layer portion of the granular filter material is washed. An upward filtration device characterized by dancing in the water. 請求項１に記載の上向きろ過装置において、前記流出防止板はセラミックス、または高分子化合物の粒子から焼結によって形成されていることを特徴とする上向きろ過装置。   2. The upward filtration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the outflow prevention plate is formed by sintering from ceramics or polymer compound particles.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101737442B1 (en) * 2015-10-19 2017-05-18 주식회사 청렴 Rainwater purifier
CN108348823A (en) * 2015-11-04 2018-07-31 苏伊士水务工程公司 It synthesizes compressible medium and filters backwash process
CN108348823B (en) * 2015-11-04 2020-10-23 苏伊士水务工程公司 Synthetic compressible media filtration backwash process
WO2019228889A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-05 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support Reactor for decanting and filtering water to be treated, corresponding treatment and washing method, and facility comprising said reactor
FR3081728A1 (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-12-06 Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support REACTOR FOR THE DECANTATION AND FILTRATION OF WATER TO BE TREATED, CORRESPONDING TREATMENT AND WASHING METHOD AND INSTALLATION COMPRISING SAME

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