JP2014000593A - Temperature unevenness prediction method of hot rolled steel sheet, flatness control method, temperature unevenness control method and manufacturing method - Google Patents
Temperature unevenness prediction method of hot rolled steel sheet, flatness control method, temperature unevenness control method and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、熱延鋼板製造時における鋼板の温度むら予測方法、並びに、該温度むら予測方法を用いる熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法、温度むら制御方法、及び、製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for predicting temperature unevenness of a steel sheet during manufacture of a hot-rolled steel sheet, a method for controlling flatness of a hot-rolled steel sheet using the temperature unevenness prediction method, a method for controlling temperature unevenness, and a manufacturing method.
熱延鋼板は次の工程にて製造される。まず加熱炉においてスラブを所定の温度まで加熱した後、粗圧延機及び仕上圧延機にて所定の厚みの鋼板に圧延する。このようにして圧延された鋼板は、ランアウトテーブル（以下において、「ＲＯＴ」ということがある。）上を移動中に、冷却装置によって所定の温度まで冷却され、コイラと呼ばれる巻取り装置によって巻き取られる。ここで、ＲＯＴ上に設置された冷却装置には、鋼板の上面側に配置された円管状の冷却ノズル、及び、鋼板下面側のローラテーブル間に配置されたスプレーノズルが備えられるのが一般的である。 A hot-rolled steel sheet is manufactured in the following process. First, the slab is heated to a predetermined temperature in a heating furnace, and then rolled into a steel plate having a predetermined thickness by a roughing mill and a finish rolling mill. The steel sheet thus rolled is cooled to a predetermined temperature by a cooling device while moving on a run-out table (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “ROT”), and taken up by a winding device called a coiler. It is done. Here, the cooling device installed on the ROT is generally provided with a cylindrical cooling nozzle disposed on the upper surface side of the steel plate and a spray nozzle disposed between the roller tables on the lower surface side of the steel plate. It is.
ところで、熱延鋼板では、温度むら（冷却むら）起因による機械特性外れや温度外れ、また平坦度不良に起因したコイル搬送時の擦り疵などが発生する場合がある。温度むらや平坦度不良の原因として、次の要因が考えられる。圧延後の鋼板の温度分布、表面性状が均一ではない場合、また鋼板形状が平坦でない場合に、冷却水により鋼板に温度むらが発生し、一度、温度むらが発生すると、鋼板に不均一な温度収縮、変態膨張が生じる。その結果、鋼板は不均一な変形・応力状態となり、この平坦でない鋼板に対して上下面から冷却水が衝突する事で、さらに温度むら、平坦度不良が増大しているものと推定される。また平坦度不良が増大すると、コイラ前での温度予測精度が悪化し、鋼板の巻取り温度を目標温度に制御することが非常に困難になる。 By the way, in a hot-rolled steel sheet, there are cases in which mechanical characteristics are deviated due to temperature unevenness (cooling unevenness), temperature is deviated, and scratches during coil conveyance due to poor flatness may occur. The following factors can be considered as causes of uneven temperature and poor flatness. If the temperature distribution and surface properties of the steel sheet after rolling are not uniform, or if the shape of the steel sheet is not flat, the temperature unevenness occurs in the steel sheet due to the cooling water. Shrinkage and transformation expansion occur. As a result, the steel plate is in a non-uniform deformation / stress state, and it is presumed that the cooling water collides with the non-flat steel plate from the upper and lower surfaces, thereby further increasing the temperature unevenness and the poor flatness. Further, when the flatness defect increases, the temperature prediction accuracy before the coiler deteriorates, and it becomes very difficult to control the coiling temperature of the steel sheet to the target temperature.
このような熱延鋼板の温度を予測する技術として、例えば特許文献１には、ＲＯＴ上での温度計測点の情報を基に、ＲＯＴ上の冷却水量を制御することにより、冷却される熱延鋼板の温度を予測する方法が開示されている。また、熱延鋼板の温度を制御する技術として、例えば特許文献２には、熱延鋼板を仕上圧延機と巻取り装置との間に複数設置された冷却バンクにより目標とする巻取り温度まで冷却する熱延鋼板の温度制御方法において、仕上圧延機の最終スタンドを出た時点における制御対象点の板速度を計測し、計測した板速度を用いて冷却に使用する冷却バンク数を決定して制御対象点の冷却を行う技術が開示されている。 As a technique for predicting the temperature of such a hot-rolled steel sheet, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a hot-rolled product that is cooled by controlling the amount of cooling water on the ROT based on information on temperature measurement points on the ROT. A method for predicting the temperature of a steel sheet is disclosed. As a technique for controlling the temperature of a hot-rolled steel sheet, for example, in Patent Document 2, a hot-rolled steel sheet is cooled to a target winding temperature by a plurality of cooling banks installed between a finish rolling mill and a winding device. In the temperature control method for hot-rolled steel sheets, the plate speed at the point to be controlled at the time of leaving the final stand of the finishing mill is measured, and the number of cooling banks used for cooling is determined and controlled using the measured plate speed A technique for cooling a target point is disclosed.
また、ＲＯＴ上における熱延鋼板の形状を予測する技術として、例えば特許文献３には、板幅方向の温度分布及び応力分布と、鋼板の冷却条件と、鋼板に作用する張力と、鋼板条件とを入力し、鋼板の冷却開始後の変態率分布の時間変化を、熱間圧延処理を受けた鋼板の冷却開始前の温度分布と上記鋼板条件とを用いて、変態進行モデルに基づいて演算し、鋼板の冷却開始後の該鋼板の厚み・幅方向の断面における温度分布の時間変化を、上記冷却条件と上記熱間圧延処理を受けた鋼板の上記冷却開始前の温度分布並びに演算された上記変態率分布の時間変化とを用いて、伝熱モデルに基づいて演算し、演算された鋼板の変態率分布の時間変化と、演算された鋼板の温度分布の時間変化と、鋼板に作用する張力と、熱間圧延処理を受けた鋼板の冷却開始前の応力分布とを用いて、応力・歪みモデルに基づいて、鋼板の冷却開始後の応力分布の時間変化を演算し、演算された鋼板の応力分布の時間変化を用いて鋼板の形状を判定する、鋼板形状判定方法が開示されている。また、特許文献４には金属帯の形状予測方法が、非特許文献１には熱間圧延された鋼板の形状を予測する技術が、非特許文献２にはホットストリップ冷却後の平坦度不良を解析する技術が、それぞれ開示されている。 In addition, as a technique for predicting the shape of a hot-rolled steel sheet on ROT, for example, Patent Document 3 includes temperature distribution and stress distribution in the sheet width direction, cooling conditions for the steel sheet, tension acting on the steel sheet, and steel sheet conditions. And calculate the time change of the transformation rate distribution after starting the cooling of the steel sheet based on the transformation progress model using the temperature distribution before starting the cooling of the steel sheet subjected to the hot rolling process and the above steel sheet conditions. The time change of the temperature distribution in the cross section in the thickness and width direction of the steel sheet after the cooling of the steel sheet is started, the temperature distribution before the cooling start of the steel sheet subjected to the cooling conditions and the hot rolling treatment, and the calculated It is calculated based on the heat transfer model using the time change of the transformation rate distribution, the time change of the calculated steel plate transformation rate distribution, the time change of the calculated temperature distribution of the steel plate, and the tension acting on the steel plate. And hot-rolled steel sheet Using the stress distribution before the start of cooling, based on the stress / strain model, calculate the time variation of the stress distribution after starting the cooling of the steel plate, and use the calculated time variation of the stress distribution of the steel plate to A method for determining the shape of a steel sheet is disclosed. Patent Document 4 discloses a method for predicting the shape of a metal strip, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for predicting the shape of a hot-rolled steel sheet, and Non-Patent Document 2 describes poor flatness after hot strip cooling. Each analysis technique is disclosed.
特許文献１や特許文献２に開示されている技術では、鋼板の厚み方向の一次元伝熱方程式を、鋼板上下面の境界条件（鋼板上下面からの冷却水による冷却能力を示す熱伝達係数、冷却水温など）を基に解き、ＲＯＴ上の鋼板の温度変化を予測し、その予測値と目標値との差を小さくするように、上下面での冷却水量や搬送速度を調整することにより、鋼板の冷却後の温度を目標値に近づけている。これらの技術では、鋼板の厚み方向の一次元伝熱方程式を解く際に、いわゆる平坦な板を仮定し、その表面には温度むらがないと仮定しているが、仕上圧延後の鋼板は、実際には表面に凹凸を有している。そのため、これらの技術を用いても、鋼板温度の予測精度を高めることは困難であった。 In the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the one-dimensional heat transfer equation in the thickness direction of the steel sheet is expressed by the boundary condition of the upper and lower surfaces of the steel sheet (the heat transfer coefficient indicating the cooling capacity by the cooling water from the upper and lower surfaces of the steel sheet, The temperature of the steel sheet on the ROT is predicted, and the amount of cooling water on the top and bottom surfaces and the conveyance speed are adjusted to reduce the difference between the predicted value and the target value, The temperature after cooling the steel sheet is brought close to the target value. In these techniques, when solving the one-dimensional heat transfer equation in the thickness direction of the steel plate, a so-called flat plate is assumed, and it is assumed that there is no temperature unevenness on the surface. Actually, the surface has irregularities. Therefore, even if these techniques are used, it is difficult to increase the accuracy of predicting the steel sheet temperature.
また、特許文献３、特許文献４、非特許文献１、及び、非特許文献２に開示されている技術では、鋼板を２次元断面（圧延方向に垂直な断面）として扱っている。これらの技術によれば、冷却過程での幅方向、厚み方向の温度及び応力変化を扱うことはできるが、冷却過程における鋼板の形状変化、さらには平坦度不良状態の予測、平坦度不良の鋼板に冷却水が衝突することで発生すると思われる鋼板の長手方向の温度むらを予測することはできない。 In the techniques disclosed in Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, Non-Patent Document 1, and Non-Patent Document 2, a steel plate is handled as a two-dimensional cross section (a cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction). According to these technologies, it is possible to handle changes in temperature and stress in the width direction and thickness direction in the cooling process, but the shape change of the steel sheet in the cooling process, and also the prediction of poor flatness, the steel plate with poor flatness Therefore, it is impossible to predict the temperature unevenness in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet, which appears to be generated by the collision of the cooling water.
そこで、本発明は、長手方向の温度むらも高精度に予測することが可能な、熱延鋼板製造時における鋼板の温度むら予測方法、該温度むら予測方法を用いる熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法及び熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法、並びに、該平坦度制御方法や温度むら制御方法を用いる熱延鋼板の製造方法を提供することを課題とする。 Therefore, the present invention is capable of predicting the temperature unevenness in the longitudinal direction with high accuracy, and a method for predicting the temperature unevenness of the steel sheet during the production of the hot rolled steel sheet, and a method for controlling the flatness of the hot rolled steel sheet using the temperature unevenness prediction method. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for controlling temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet, and a method for manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet using the flatness control method and temperature unevenness control method.
発明者らは、コイラ巻取り時の鋼板の疵や温度むらによる機械特性外れを低減する対策検討には、まずＲＯＴ上で冷却されている鋼板の温度収縮や変態膨張に伴う形状変化、さらには鋼板と冷却水との衝突角度偏差が原因となって発生する温度むらを予測可能にし、次に鋼板の平坦度不良、温度むら低減を実現する冷却方法の検討や冷却前の仕上げ形状の適正化を行う必要があると考えた。
そこで発明者らは、はじめに、ＲＯＴ上における鋼板の幾何学形状に加え、鋼板と冷却水との衝突角度が冷却能力に及ぼす影響を考慮して、実際のＲＯＴ上における鋼板の形状変化、温度分布・温度むらを予測する技術の開発に取り組んだ。
発明者らは、鋼板形状と温度むらとの間に何らかの関係があると推察し、まず図１に概要を示した実機ＲＯＴ上での鋼板をビデオ撮影により観察するとともに、放射温度計を用いて温度分布を測定した。その結果、図２に示したように、冷却水と鋼板表面とのなす角度が最も大きい部分が最も冷えており、巻取り前の鋼板形状（平坦度）と温度むらとの間には関係があることを確認した。
さらに、ラボ実験により、鋼板と該鋼板に衝突する冷却水とがなす角が鋼板の冷却能偏差へと及ぼす影響を調査した。その結果、鋼板表面の熱伝達係数は、鋼板表面の角度θを用いて、下記式（１）のように表せることを知見した。図３に、鋼板表面の角度θの定義を示す。下記式（１）のように鋼板表面の熱伝達係数を表すことで、後述する鋼板の温度変化を予測するモデル、変態率を予測するモデル、変態膨張及び熱収縮を予測するモデル、並びに、応力・歪を予測するモデルを用いて、ＲＯＴ上における鋼板の面内での温度偏差、つまり温度むらを予測することが可能になることを知見した。本発明は、このような知見に基づいて完成させた。
The inventors first examined the countermeasures to reduce the mechanical property loss due to wrinkles and temperature unevenness of the steel sheet during coiler winding, firstly the shape change accompanying the temperature shrinkage and transformation expansion of the steel sheet cooled on the ROT, Enables predicting temperature unevenness caused by collision angle deviation between steel sheet and cooling water, and then studies cooling methods to realize flatness of steel sheet and reduction of temperature unevenness and optimization of finished shape before cooling I thought it was necessary to do.
In view of the influence of the collision angle between the steel sheet and the cooling water on the cooling capacity, in addition to the geometric shape of the steel sheet on the ROT, the inventors first considered the shape change and temperature distribution of the steel sheet on the actual ROT.・ We worked on the development of technology to predict temperature unevenness.
The inventors presume that there is some relationship between the shape of the steel plate and the temperature unevenness, and first observe the steel plate on the actual machine ROT schematically shown in FIG. 1 by video shooting and use a radiation thermometer. The temperature distribution was measured. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the portion with the largest angle between the cooling water and the steel sheet surface is the coldest, and there is a relationship between the steel sheet shape (flatness) before winding and the temperature unevenness. I confirmed that there was.
Furthermore, the effect of the angle formed by the steel sheet and the cooling water colliding with the steel sheet on the cooling capacity deviation of the steel sheet was investigated by laboratory experiments. As a result, it was found that the heat transfer coefficient of the steel sheet surface can be expressed by the following formula (1) using the angle θ of the steel sheet surface. FIG. 3 shows the definition of the angle θ of the steel sheet surface. By expressing the heat transfer coefficient of the steel sheet surface as shown in the following formula (1), a model for predicting the temperature change of the steel sheet described later, a model for predicting the transformation rate, a model for predicting transformation expansion and thermal contraction, and stress -It has been found that it is possible to predict the temperature deviation in the plane of the steel sheet on the ROT, that is, temperature unevenness, using a model for predicting strain. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
以下、本発明について説明する。 The present invention will be described below.
本発明の第１の態様は、熱間圧延された鋼板を冷却した後、コイル状に巻き取る過程を経て製造される熱延鋼板の、巻き取られる前の温度むらを予測する方法であって、温度むらを予測される、幅方向及び長手方向に所定の長さを有する鋼板領域の３次元形状を、空間座標点の集合で表現するステップと、空間座標点の集合で表現された鋼板表面と、該鋼板表面へ衝突する冷却材との角度を考慮しながら、冷却材を用いて冷却される鋼板表面の熱伝達係数を求めるステップと、上記鋼板領域の温度変化を予測するステップと、上記鋼板領域の変態率を予測するステップと、上記鋼板領域の変態膨張及び熱収縮を予測するステップと、上記鋼板領域の応力及び歪みを予測するステップと、を有し、温度変化、変態率、変態膨張及び熱収縮、並びに、応力及び歪みのそれぞれを予測する際に用いる方程式を連成して解くことにより、巻き取られる前の上記鋼板領域の温度むらを予測する、熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法である。 A first aspect of the present invention is a method for predicting temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured through a process of winding in a coil after cooling a hot-rolled steel sheet, before being wound. A step of expressing a three-dimensional shape of a steel plate region having a predetermined length in the width direction and the longitudinal direction, in which temperature unevenness is predicted, and a steel plate surface expressed by a set of spatial coordinate points And determining the heat transfer coefficient of the steel sheet surface cooled using the coolant while considering the angle with the coolant impinging on the steel sheet surface, predicting the temperature change of the steel sheet region, and Predicting the transformation rate of the steel plate region, predicting transformation expansion and thermal contraction of the steel plate region, and predicting stress and strain of the steel plate region, and changing temperature, transformation rate, transformation Expansion and contraction, line By solving form continuous equations used in predicting the respective stresses and strains to predict the temperature unevenness of the front of the steel sheet region being wound, a temperature unevenness predicting method of hot-rolled steel sheet.
本発明の第２の態様は、上記本発明の第１の態様にかかる熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いて、温度むらを予測される熱延鋼板の平坦度を制御する方法であって、上記熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を行う際の前提になる計算条件を変更する条件変更工程と、変更された計算条件の場合における熱延鋼板の温度むらを、上記本発明の第１の態様にかかる熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いて予測する温度むら予測工程と、を有し、上記計算条件に、温度むらを予測される鋼板の冷却前の形状、鋼板の冷却前の温度分布、鋼板へと衝突する冷却材を噴射する領域の鋼板搬送方向における配置、及び、鋼板の板幅方向の冷却形態が含まれ、上記条件変更工程及び上記温度むら予測工程を繰り返し行うことにより、平坦度不良を低減する製造条件を決定する、熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法である。 A second aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling the flatness of a hot-rolled steel sheet that is predicted to have temperature unevenness, using the method for predicting temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet according to the first aspect of the present invention. The condition changing step for changing the calculation condition which is a precondition for performing the method for predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet, and the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet in the case of the changed calculation condition are as follows. A temperature unevenness prediction step for predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet according to the embodiment, and a shape before cooling of the steel sheet, in which the temperature unevenness is predicted in the above calculation conditions, and a temperature before cooling of the steel sheet Distribution, arrangement in the steel plate conveyance direction of the region for injecting the coolant that collides with the steel plate, and cooling form in the plate width direction of the steel plate are included, and by repeatedly performing the condition changing step and the temperature unevenness prediction step, Manufacturing conditions that reduce flatness defects A constant, a flatness control methods hot-rolled steel sheet.
本発明の第３の態様は、上記本発明の第１の態様にかかる熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いて、温度むらを予測される熱延鋼板の温度分布を制御する方法であって、上記熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を行う際の前提になる計算条件を変更する条件変更工程と、変更された計算条件の場合における熱延鋼板の温度むらを、上記本発明の第１の態様にかかる熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いて予測する温度むら予測工程と、を有し、上記計算条件に、温度むらを予測される鋼板の冷却前の形状、鋼板の冷却前の温度分布、鋼板へと衝突する冷却材を噴射する領域の鋼板搬送方向における配置、及び、鋼板の板幅方向の冷却形態が含まれ、上記条件変更工程及び上記温度むら予測工程を繰り返し行うことにより、温度むらを低減する製造条件を決定する、熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法である。 A third aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling the temperature distribution of a hot-rolled steel sheet in which temperature unevenness is predicted, using the method for predicting temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet according to the first aspect of the present invention. The condition changing step for changing the calculation condition which is a precondition for performing the method for predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet, and the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet in the case of the changed calculation condition are as follows. A temperature unevenness prediction step for predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet according to the embodiment, and a shape before cooling of the steel sheet, in which the temperature unevenness is predicted in the above calculation conditions, and a temperature before cooling of the steel sheet Distribution, arrangement in the steel plate conveyance direction of the region for injecting the coolant that collides with the steel plate, and cooling form in the plate width direction of the steel plate are included, and by repeatedly performing the condition changing step and the temperature unevenness prediction step, Manufacturing conditions that reduce temperature unevenness A constant, a temperature unevenness control method for hot-rolled steel sheet.
本発明の第２の態様及び本発明の第３の態様において、「鋼板へと衝突する冷却材を噴射する領域の鋼板搬送方向における配置」とは、鋼板を冷却する際に使用する冷却バンクの数、及び、冷却バンクとコイラとの距離をいう。また、本発明の第２の態様及び本発明の第３の態様において、「鋼板の板幅方向の冷却形態」には、鋼板の板幅方向端部の過冷却を抑制するエッジマスクの使用有無、及び、鋼板へ向けて供給された冷却水の鋼板の板幅方向における水量分布が含まれる。 In the second aspect of the present invention and the third aspect of the present invention, “arrangement in the steel plate conveyance direction of the region injecting the coolant that collides with the steel plate” refers to a cooling bank used when cooling the steel plate. The number and the distance between the cooling bank and the coiler. Further, in the second aspect of the present invention and the third aspect of the present invention, in the “cooling mode in the sheet width direction of the steel sheet”, the presence / absence of use of an edge mask for suppressing overcooling of the end part in the sheet width direction of the steel sheet And the water amount distribution in the plate | board width direction of the steel plate of the cooling water supplied toward the steel plate is included.
本発明の第４の態様は、上記本発明の第２の態様にかかる熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法によって熱延鋼板の平坦度を制御する工程、及び／又は、上記本発明の第３の態様にかかる熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法によって熱延鋼板の温度分布を制御する工程を有する、熱延鋼板の製造方法である。 The fourth aspect of the present invention includes a step of controlling the flatness of the hot-rolled steel sheet by the method for controlling flatness of the hot-rolled steel sheet according to the second aspect of the present invention, and / or the third aspect of the present invention. It is a manufacturing method of a hot-rolled steel sheet which has the process of controlling the temperature distribution of a hot-rolled steel sheet by the temperature unevenness control method of the hot-rolled steel sheet concerning an aspect.
本発明によれば、長手方向の温度むらも高精度に予測することが可能な熱延鋼板製造時における鋼板の温度むら予測方法を提供することができる。また、鋼板の温度むらの程度は平坦度に影響を及ぼすので、温度むらを高精度に予測可能な本発明の熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いることにより、実機操業前にＲＯＴ上での平坦度不良を低減する製造条件を特定することが可能な熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法を提供することができ、実機操業前にＲＯＴ上での温度むらを低減する製造条件を特定することが可能な熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法を提供することができる。さらに、本発明の熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法や熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法を用いることにより、機械特性外れや温度外れ、擦り疵を低減した熱延鋼板を製造することが可能な、熱延鋼板の製造方法を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the temperature nonuniformity prediction method of the steel plate at the time of the hot-rolled steel plate manufacture which can estimate the temperature nonuniformity of a longitudinal direction with high precision can be provided. In addition, since the degree of temperature unevenness of the steel sheet affects the flatness, by using the method for predicting temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention that can predict the temperature unevenness with high accuracy, It is possible to provide a method for controlling the flatness of a hot-rolled steel sheet capable of specifying manufacturing conditions for reducing poor flatness, and to specify manufacturing conditions for reducing temperature unevenness on the ROT before actual machine operation. It is possible to provide a method for controlling the temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet. Furthermore, by using the method for controlling the flatness of the hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention and the method for controlling the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet, it is possible to produce a hot-rolled steel sheet with reduced mechanical properties, temperature erosion, and scratching. A method for producing a hot-rolled steel sheet can be provided.
本発明では、上記式（１）を用いて鋼板の温度変化を予測し、この予測結果と、変態率、変態膨張及び熱収縮、及び、応力・歪の予測結果とを用いて、ＲＯＴ上における鋼板の温度むらを予測する。そして、予測の前提になる条件（例えば、冷却前の鋼板形状、冷却前の鋼板の温度分布、冷却に使用する冷却バンクの配置、エッジマスクの使用有無、板幅方向の冷却水量分布等）を変更することによって、予測した温度むらが小さくなる製造条件や平坦度不良を低減する製造条件を特定することが可能になり、特定した製造条件で熱延鋼板を製造することにより、機械特性外れや温度外れ、擦り疵を低減した熱延鋼板の製造を可能にしている。本発明において、温度むらの予測対象となる鋼板領域の大きさは特に限定されないが、実用的な時間での解析を可能にする等の観点から、局所的な鋼板領域（具体的には、長手方向に５００〜１０００ｍｍ程度の領域）を温度むらの予測対象にすることが好ましい。このような局所的な領域は、例えば、コイラ前での長手方向温度むらの発生間隔に基づいて決定することができる。 In the present invention, the temperature change of the steel sheet is predicted using the above formula (1), and the prediction result and the prediction result of the transformation rate, transformation expansion and thermal contraction, and stress / strain are used on the ROT. Predict the temperature unevenness of the steel sheet. And the conditions (for example, the shape of the steel plate before cooling, the temperature distribution of the steel plate before cooling, the arrangement of the cooling bank used for cooling, the use / non-use of the edge mask, the cooling water amount distribution in the plate width direction, etc.) By changing, it becomes possible to specify the manufacturing conditions that reduce the predicted temperature unevenness and the manufacturing conditions that reduce the flatness failure, and by producing hot-rolled steel sheets under the specified manufacturing conditions, This makes it possible to produce hot-rolled steel sheets with reduced temperature and reduced flaws. In the present invention, the size of the steel plate region to be predicted for temperature unevenness is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of enabling analysis in a practical time, the local steel plate region (specifically, the longitudinal It is preferable to set a temperature non-uniformity prediction region in the direction of about 500 to 1000 mm in the direction. Such a local area | region can be determined based on the generation | occurrence | production interval of the longitudinal direction temperature unevenness before a coiler, for example.
本発明を用いて、ＲＯＴ上での鋼板形状変化及び温度分布を予測する方法（予測モデル）について、以下に説明する。この予測モデルでは、実用的な時間での解析を可能にする観点から、ＲＯＴ上での鋼板全体の形状を扱うのではなく、着目する鋼板部分に対し、局所的な領域を計算対象にすることが好ましい。予測モデルには、鋼板の温度変化を予測するモデル、変態率を予測するモデル、変態膨張及び熱収縮を予測するモデル、並びに、応力・歪を予測するモデルが含まれている。 A method (prediction model) for predicting a steel plate shape change and temperature distribution on the ROT using the present invention will be described below. In this prediction model, from the viewpoint of enabling analysis in a practical time, instead of dealing with the shape of the entire steel plate on the ROT, the local area should be calculated for the target steel plate portion. Is preferred. The prediction model includes a model for predicting a temperature change of a steel sheet, a model for predicting a transformation rate, a model for predicting transformation expansion and thermal contraction, and a model for predicting stress / strain.
＜鋼板の温度変化を予測するモデル＞
鋼板の温度変化は、下記式（２）で表される３次元熱伝導方程式を解くことにより求められる。
<Model for predicting temperature change of steel sheet>
The temperature change of a steel plate is calculated | required by solving the three-dimensional heat conduction equation represented by following formula (2).
鋼板上下面の冷却材（以下において、「冷却水」という。）による抜熱は、下記式（３）及び下記式（４）に示す境界条件で考慮する。 Heat removal by the coolant on the upper and lower surfaces of the steel sheet (hereinafter referred to as “cooling water”) is taken into consideration in the boundary conditions shown in the following formula (3) and the following formula (4).
＜変態率を予測するモデル＞
変態率の予測は、下記式（５）〜（１０）を用いて行う。
<Model to predict transformation rate>
The transformation rate is predicted using the following formulas (5) to (10).
次に、微小時間ｄτを考え、その間、温度Ｔが一定であると仮定すると、時刻τにおける変態速度は上記式（５）を変態率ξで微分して逆数をとることにより、下記式（１０）で表される。 Next, considering the minute time dτ, and assuming that the temperature T is constant during that time, the transformation speed at the time τ is obtained by differentiating the above equation (5) with the transformation rate ξ and taking the reciprocal. ).
＜変態膨張及び熱収縮を予測するモデル＞
温度Ｔにおける密度がρｉ（Ｔ）で表される相ｉを、ＴｎからＴｎ＋１まで温度変化させた場合のｉ相の熱膨張増分αｉは、下記式（１１）で与えられる。
<Model for predicting transformation expansion and thermal contraction>
The thermal expansion increment α i of the i phase when the temperature of the phase i whose density at the temperature T is represented by ρ i (T) is changed from T n to T n + 1 is given by the following equation (11).
また、温度Ｔで相ｉから相ｊへの相変態が瞬間的に起こったとすると、その時の変態膨張増分（変態膨張係数）βｉ→ｊは、下記式（１２）で与えられる。 If the phase transformation from phase i to phase j occurs instantaneously at temperature T, the transformation expansion increment (transformation expansion coefficient) β i → j at that time is given by the following equation (12).
＜応力・歪を予測するモデル＞
仮想仕事の原理を用いると、弾塑性解析での剛性方程式は下記式（２１）で表される。
<Model for predicting stress and strain>
If the principle of virtual work is used, the stiffness equation in the elasto-plastic analysis is expressed by the following equation (21).
式（２５）を陽解法又は陰解法にて解くと、節点速度、歪速度、及び、応力速度が求まり、これらを時間積分することにより、逐次時々刻々の節点変位、歪、及び、応力を求めることができる。 When equation (25) is solved by the explicit method or implicit method, the node velocity, strain rate, and stress rate are obtained, and by time integrating these, the node displacement, strain, and stress are obtained every moment. Can do.
以上、各モデルについて説明した。これらを連成して計算を行うことにより、ＲＯＴ上での鋼板通板（移動）、冷却中のある時刻における鋼板温度分布（温度むら）及び鋼板形状を逐次求めることが可能になる。 The respective models have been described above. By performing these calculations in combination, it becomes possible to sequentially obtain the steel plate passage (moving) on the ROT, the steel plate temperature distribution (temperature unevenness) and the steel plate shape at a certain time during cooling.
次に、上記予測モデルを用いて、コイラに巻き取られる前の熱延鋼板の平坦度不良を低減する平坦度制御方法、及び、コイラに巻き取られる前の熱延鋼板の温度むらを低減する温度むら制御方法について説明する。図１に、平坦度制御方法及び温度むら制御方法が適用される熱延鋼板の製造装置１０の形態例を簡略化して示した。図１の紙面左側から右側への方向が鋼板の通板方向である。なお、図１では、複数の仕上圧延機が間隔を開けて配置されることによって形成される仕上圧延機列のうち、その最下流側に配置された仕上圧延機１を示しており、繰り返される符号の一部の記載を省略している。 Next, using the prediction model, the flatness control method for reducing the flatness failure of the hot-rolled steel sheet before being wound by the coiler, and the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet before being wound by the coiler are reduced. A method for controlling temperature unevenness will be described. In FIG. 1, the form example of the manufacturing apparatus 10 of the hot-rolled steel plate to which the flatness control method and the temperature unevenness control method are applied is shown in a simplified manner. The direction from the left side to the right side in FIG. 1 is the sheet passing direction of the steel plate. In addition, in FIG. 1, the finishing rolling mill 1 arrange | positioned in the most downstream side is shown among the finishing rolling mill rows formed by disposing a plurality of finishing rolling mills at intervals, and is repeated. A part of the reference numerals is omitted.
図１に示したように、製造装置１０は、仕上圧延機１と、該仕上圧延機１の下流側に配置された冷却装置２と、該冷却装置２の下流側に配置されたコイラ３とを有している。仕上圧延機１と冷却装置２との間に幅温度計４（以下において、仕上圧延機とその下流側の冷却装置との間に配置された温度計を「ＦＴ」と記載することがある。）及び形状計５が配置され、ＲＯＴ上の中間位置（冷却装置２内における鋼板の温度を測定可能な位置）に幅温度計８（図面において、当該温度計を「ＫＴ」と記載することがある。）が配置され、冷却装置２とコイラ３との間に幅温度計６（図面において、当該温度計を「ＣＴ」と記載することがある。）及び形状計７が配置されている。冷却装置２は、鋼板の搬送方向（図１の左側から右側への方向）に並列された複数のヘッダー２ａ、２ａ、…、及び、ヘッダー２ｂ、２ｂ、…を有し、ヘッダー２ａ、２ａ、…は鋼板の上面側に配置され、ヘッダー２ｂ、２ｂ、…は鋼板の下面側に配置されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the manufacturing apparatus 10 includes a finishing mill 1, a cooling device 2 disposed on the downstream side of the finishing mill 1, and a coiler 3 disposed on the downstream side of the cooling device 2. have. A width thermometer 4 between the finish rolling mill 1 and the cooling device 2 (hereinafter, a thermometer arranged between the finishing mill and a cooling device downstream thereof may be referred to as “FT”. ) And the shape meter 5 are arranged, and the width thermometer 8 (in the drawing, the thermometer is described as “KT” in an intermediate position on the ROT (a position where the temperature of the steel plate in the cooling device 2 can be measured)). A width thermometer 6 (the thermometer may be described as “CT” in the drawings) and a shape meter 7 are disposed between the cooling device 2 and the coiler 3. The cooling device 2 has a plurality of headers 2a, 2a,... And headers 2b, 2b,... That are arranged in parallel in the conveying direction of the steel sheet (the direction from the left side to the right side in FIG. 1). Are arranged on the upper surface side of the steel plate, and the headers 2b, 2b,... Are arranged on the lower surface side of the steel plate.
図４は、製造装置１０で製造される熱延鋼板の平坦度や温度分布の制御方法を説明する図である。図４に示したように、平坦度や温度分布を制御する際には、まず、仕上圧延終了時における鋼板の幅方向温度分布（以下において、「仕上温度分布」ということがある。）を設定する（Ｓ１）。この温度は、仕上圧延機１の出側に配置された幅温度計４により測定された実績値でも良く、仮定した温度でも良い。次いで、仕上圧延機１の出側、且つ、冷却装置２の入側における鋼板の形状（以下において、「仕上形状」ということがある。）を設定する（Ｓ２）。この形状は、仕上圧延機１の出側に設置された形状計５により測定された実績値でも良く、仮定した形状でも良い。続いて、鋼板を冷却する際に使用する冷却装置２の冷却バンク（ヘッダー２ａ、２ａ、…、ヘッダー２ｂ、２ｂ、…）、鋼板の板幅方向端部の過冷却を抑制するためのエッジマスクの量、及び、冷却装置２から鋼板へ向けて噴射される冷却水の鋼板板幅方向における水量分布（以下において、これらをまとめて「冷却条件」ということがある。）を設定する（Ｓ３）。そして、上記予測モデルにより、仕上圧延機１とコイラ３との間のＲＯＴ上における鋼板の形状変化及び温度分布変化を計算し（Ｓ４）、コイラ３の入側における鋼板の平坦度、温度分布、温度むらを予測して（Ｓ５）、予測した平坦度、温度分布、温度むらが、予め設定した目標範囲に入っているか否かを判断する（Ｓ６）。目標範囲に入っている場合には、上記Ｓ１〜Ｓ３で設定した製造条件で製造することにより、平坦度不良及び温度むらが低減された熱延鋼板を製造することが可能と考えられるため、Ｓ１〜Ｓ３で設定した製造条件を変更する必要はない。そのため、Ｓ６で肯定判断がなされた場合には、Ｓ１〜Ｓ３で設定した製造条件を変更することなく、計算は終了される。これに対し、Ｓ６で否定判断がなされた場合には、予め設定した平坦度や温度むらの条件を満たしていないことになるので、引き続き、Ｓ３で設定した冷却条件を変更すべきか否かが判断される（Ｓ７）。Ｓ７で肯定判断がなされた場合には、冷却条件が変更され（Ｓ８、Ｓ３）、Ｓ４〜Ｓ６が行われる。これに対し、Ｓ７で否定判断がなされた場合には、冷却条件を変更することなく、引き続き、仕上形状を変更すべきか否かが判断される（Ｓ９）。Ｓ９で肯定判断がなされた場合には、仕上形状の条件が変更され（Ｓ１０、Ｓ２）、Ｓ３〜Ｓ６が行われる。これに対し、Ｓ９で否定判断がなされた場合には、仕上形状の条件を変更することなく、仕上温度分布が変更され（Ｓ１１、Ｓ１）、Ｓ２〜Ｓ６が行われる。以上の計算が、Ｓ６で肯定判断がなされるまで繰り返される。本発明では、以上の工程を経ることにより、コイラ３の入側における鋼板の平坦度不良及び温度むらを低減する熱延鋼板の製造条件を決定することができる。したがって、このようにして決定された製造条件で熱延鋼板を製造することにより、機械特性外れや温度外れ、擦り疵を低減した熱延鋼板を製造することができる。 FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for controlling the flatness and temperature distribution of a hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus 10. As shown in FIG. 4, when controlling the flatness and temperature distribution, first, the temperature distribution in the width direction of the steel sheet at the end of finish rolling (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “finishing temperature distribution”) is set. (S1). This temperature may be an actual value measured by the width thermometer 4 arranged on the exit side of the finishing mill 1 or may be an assumed temperature. Next, the shape of the steel sheet on the exit side of the finish rolling mill 1 and the entrance side of the cooling device 2 (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as “finish shape”) is set (S2). This shape may be an actual value measured by the shape meter 5 installed on the exit side of the finishing mill 1, or may be an assumed shape. Subsequently, a cooling bank (headers 2a, 2a,..., Headers 2b, 2b,...) Of the cooling device 2 used when cooling the steel plate, an edge mask for suppressing overcooling of the plate width direction end of the steel plate. And the water amount distribution in the width direction of the cooling water jetted from the cooling device 2 toward the steel plate (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as “cooling conditions”) (S3). . And by the prediction model, the shape change and temperature distribution change of the steel plate on the ROT between the finishing mill 1 and the coiler 3 are calculated (S4), the flatness of the steel plate on the entry side of the coiler 3, the temperature distribution, Temperature unevenness is predicted (S5), and it is determined whether the predicted flatness, temperature distribution, and temperature unevenness are within a preset target range (S6). When it is within the target range, it is considered that it is possible to manufacture a hot-rolled steel sheet with reduced flatness defects and temperature unevenness by manufacturing under the manufacturing conditions set in S1 to S3. There is no need to change the manufacturing conditions set in ~ S3. Therefore, when an affirmative determination is made in S6, the calculation is terminated without changing the manufacturing conditions set in S1 to S3. On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in S6, the preset flatness and temperature unevenness conditions are not satisfied, and therefore it is determined whether or not the cooling conditions set in S3 should be changed. (S7). If an affirmative determination is made in S7, the cooling conditions are changed (S8, S3), and S4 to S6 are performed. On the other hand, if a negative determination is made in S7, it is determined whether or not the finished shape should be changed without changing the cooling condition (S9). If an affirmative determination is made in S9, the condition of the finished shape is changed (S10, S2), and S3 to S6 are performed. On the other hand, when a negative determination is made in S9, the finishing temperature distribution is changed (S11, S1) without changing the finishing shape conditions, and S2 to S6 are performed. The above calculation is repeated until an affirmative determination is made in S6. In this invention, the manufacturing conditions of the hot-rolled steel sheet which reduce the flatness defect of a steel plate in the entrance side of the coiler 3, and temperature nonuniformity can be determined by passing through the above process. Therefore, by manufacturing a hot-rolled steel sheet under the manufacturing conditions determined as described above, it is possible to manufacture a hot-rolled steel sheet with reduced mechanical characteristics, temperature, and scraping.
図４に示した方法において、Ｓ３で設定した冷却条件を変更すべきか否かの判断（Ｓ７における判断）は、例えば、仕上形状とコイラ前形状との差に基づいて行うことができる。例えば仕上相対急峻度とコイラ前相対急峻度との差が０．２％以下の場合に、使用する冷却バンクの配置を変更することができる。冷却バンクの配置の変更形態は特に限定されないが、例えば、冷却装置２の下流側（コイラ３に近い側）の冷却バンクを使用するように、使用する冷却バンクの配置を変更することができる。また、例えば仕上温度の幅中央と端部との温度差（＝幅中央温度−端部温度）が所定値（例えば５０℃）以上の場合に、エッジマスクの量を増やすように変更することができる。また、例えば仕上温度の幅中央と端部との温度差（＝幅中央温度−端部温度）が所定値（例えば３０℃）以上の場合に、冷却水の鋼板板幅方向における水量分布を変更することができる。本発明において、冷却条件のうち、冷却バンクの配置、エッジマスクの量、及び、水量分布の何れを変更すべきかについては特に限定されず、これらの複数を同時に変更しても良い。ただし、変更による効果の得られやすさの観点から、冷却条件の中では使用する冷却バンクの配置を最初に変更することが好ましく、次いで、冷却水の鋼板板幅方向における水量分布、エッジマスクの量増加の順で変更することが好ましい。 In the method shown in FIG. 4, the determination as to whether or not the cooling condition set in S3 should be changed (determination in S7) can be made based on, for example, the difference between the finished shape and the pre-coiler shape. For example, when the difference between the finish relative steepness and the pre-coiler relative steepness is 0.2% or less, the arrangement of the cooling banks to be used can be changed. Although the change form of the arrangement of the cooling banks is not particularly limited, for example, the arrangement of the cooling banks to be used can be changed so that the cooling bank on the downstream side (the side closer to the coiler 3) of the cooling device 2 is used. Further, for example, when the temperature difference between the center of the finish temperature and the end (= width center temperature−end temperature) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (for example, 50 ° C.), the amount of the edge mask may be increased. it can. Also, for example, when the temperature difference between the center of the finishing temperature and the end (= width center temperature−end temperature) is a predetermined value (for example, 30 ° C.) or more, the water amount distribution in the steel plate width direction of the cooling water is changed. can do. In the present invention, among the cooling conditions, which of the cooling bank arrangement, the amount of the edge mask, and the water amount distribution should be changed is not particularly limited, and a plurality of these may be changed simultaneously. However, it is preferable to change the arrangement of the cooling bank to be used first in the cooling conditions from the viewpoint of easily obtaining the effect of the change, and then the water amount distribution in the width direction of the steel plate of the cooling water, the edge mask It is preferable to change in order of increasing quantity.
また、図４に示した方法において、Ｓ２で設定した仕上形状を変更すべきか否かの判断（Ｓ９における判断）は、例えば、仕上相対急峻度が所定値（例えば−２％）以下であるか否か、かつ仕上相対急峻度とコイラ前相対急峻度との差が所定値（例えば０．２％）を超えるか否かで判断する。例えば後述の図１０に示すように仕上相対急峻度が−２％（中伸び）で、仕上相対急峻度とコイラ前相対急峻度との差が０．２％より大きい（例えば０．８％）場合に、板幅方向端部が伸びた端伸びとなるように仕上形状を変更することができる。また、例えば仕上相対急峻度とコイラ前相対急峻度との差が−０．５％以下で、仕上相対急峻度が−２．５％以下の場合には、仕上形状を変更することなく、板幅方向中央と比較して温度が低下しやすい鋼板の板幅方向端部の温度低下を抑制する加熱手段（エッジヒータ）を用いて圧延前のスラブの幅方向端部を加熱しておくことにより、仕上圧延終了時の鋼板板幅方向の温度むらを低減するように、仕上温度分布を変更することができる。 In the method shown in FIG. 4, whether or not the finishing shape set in S <b> 2 should be changed (determination in S <b> 9) is, for example, whether the finish relative steepness is a predetermined value (for example, −2%) or less. And whether or not the difference between the finish relative steepness and the pre-coiler relative steepness exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 0.2%). For example, as shown in FIG. 10 described later, the finish relative steepness is −2% (medium elongation), and the difference between the finish relative steepness and the pre-coiler relative steepness is greater than 0.2% (eg, 0.8%). In this case, the finishing shape can be changed so that the end in the plate width direction is extended. For example, when the difference between the finish relative steepness and the pre-coiler relative steepness is −0.5% or less and the finish relative steepness is −2.5% or less, the finish shape is not changed. By heating the end in the width direction of the slab before rolling using a heating means (edge heater) that suppresses the temperature decrease at the end in the sheet width direction of the steel sheet, the temperature of which tends to decrease compared to the center in the width direction. The finish temperature distribution can be changed so as to reduce the temperature unevenness in the width direction of the steel sheet at the end of finish rolling.
なお、予測モデルに関する上記説明では、冷却条件、仕上形状、及び、仕上温度分布からなる群より選択した１つ（冷却条件を変更する場合は複数の冷却条件を変更する場合も含む）を適宜変更することにより、平坦度不良や温度むらを制御する形態を例示したが、本発明の熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法及び熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法は当該形態に限定されない。本発明で熱延鋼板の平坦度や温度むらを制御する際には、冷却条件、仕上形状、及び、仕上温度分布からなる群より選択した２以上を変更しても良い。 In the above description of the prediction model, one selected from the group consisting of the cooling condition, the finishing shape, and the finishing temperature distribution is changed as appropriate (including changing the cooling conditions when changing the cooling conditions). However, the flatness control method and the temperature unevenness control method of the hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention are not limited to these forms. When controlling the flatness and temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet in the present invention, two or more selected from the group consisting of cooling conditions, finish shape, and finish temperature distribution may be changed.
上記予測モデルにより、製造装置１０の実際の操業条件に対応した解析を行った。まず、仕上圧延機１の出側且つ冷却装置２の入側における鋼板の形状として、仕上圧延機１の出側における鋼板の形状を形状計５により測定した結果をもとに、鋼板板幅方向の全幅且つ鋼板長手方向の凹凸の周期１周期分の３次元初期形状データを作成し、ＦＴにより測定した幅温度計測値を解析における初期温度データとした。予測対象の鋼板の寸法は、板幅９８０ｍｍ、長手方向長さ（解析対象としない箇所も含む全体の長さ）１８０ｍ、板厚４．０５ｍｍであり、変態予測モデルにおいて、オーステナイト粒度Ｇ＝６．７（粒径約６０μｍ）とした。なお、オーステナイト粒の粒径を所定の変換式で数値化して得られるオーステナイト粒度は、変態率を予測する際に、上記式（７）乃至（９）で使用する。 The analysis corresponding to the actual operating conditions of the manufacturing apparatus 10 was performed using the prediction model. First, as the shape of the steel plate on the exit side of the finish rolling mill 1 and on the entry side of the cooling device 2, the shape of the steel plate on the exit side of the finish rolling mill 1 is measured based on the result of measuring the shape meter 5 in the width direction of the steel plate. The three-dimensional initial shape data corresponding to the full width of the steel sheet and the period of irregularities in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet was created, and the width temperature measurement value measured by FT was used as the initial temperature data in the analysis. The dimensions of the steel plate to be predicted are a plate width of 980 mm, a length in the longitudinal direction (total length including a portion not to be analyzed) 180 m, and a plate thickness of 4.05 mm. In the transformation prediction model, the austenite grain size G = 6. 7 (particle size: about 60 μm). The austenite grain size obtained by quantifying the austenite grain size using a predetermined conversion formula is used in the above formulas (7) to (9) when predicting the transformation rate.
解析結果の一例を図５及び図６に示す。図５は、鋼板全長における形状予測結果を示す図であり、縦軸はコイラ３の入側における、鋼板板幅方向端面から２５ｍｍ位置（以下において、「エッジ２５ｍｍ位置」という。）の相対急峻度［％］、横軸は鋼板先端からの距離［ｍ］である。図５には、実測値を実線で、計算値を■で示した。また、図６は、鋼板長手方向に所定の幅を有する鋼板先端から８０ｍ位置付近の鋼板部分における諸量の変化を示す図である。図中には記号で実績値を示した。図６（ａ）の縦軸はエッジ２５ｍｍ位置及び板幅方向中央位置における温度［℃］、図６（ｂ）の縦軸はエッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度［％］、図６（ｃ）の縦軸はエッジ２５ｍｍ位置及び板幅方向中央位置における相率、図６（ｄ）の縦軸は長手方向温度むら［℃］であり、図６（ａ）〜（ｄ）の横軸はＦＴからの距離［ｍ］である。なお、図６（ｄ）及び以下に示す長手方向温度むらは、鋼板板幅方向中央位置における最高温度と最低温度との差の絶対値とした。 An example of the analysis result is shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the shape prediction result for the entire length of the steel sheet, and the vertical axis represents the relative steepness at the 25 mm position (hereinafter referred to as “edge 25 mm position”) from the steel sheet width direction end surface on the entry side of the coiler 3. [%], The horizontal axis is the distance [m] from the tip of the steel plate. In FIG. 5, the measured values are indicated by solid lines and the calculated values are indicated by ■. Moreover, FIG. 6 is a figure which shows the change of the various amounts in the steel plate part of 80 m position vicinity from the steel plate front-end | tip which has a predetermined width | variety in a steel plate longitudinal direction. The actual values are indicated by symbols in the figure. The vertical axis in FIG. 6A is the temperature [° C.] at the edge 25 mm position and the center position in the plate width direction, the vertical axis in FIG. 6B is the relative steepness [%] at the edge 25 mm position, and FIG. The vertical axis is the phase ratio at the edge 25 mm position and the center position in the plate width direction, the vertical axis in FIG. 6D is the longitudinal temperature unevenness [° C.], and the horizontal axis in FIGS. 6A to 6D is from FT. [M]. Note that the longitudinal temperature unevenness shown in FIG. 6D and the following is the absolute value of the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature at the center position in the width direction of the steel sheet.
相対急峻度について、以下に説明する。表面に凹凸を有する鋼板表面における、長手方向の曲線長さを及び長手方向の直線長さを図７のように定義するとき、伸び率εｋは下記式（２６）で、伸び率差Δεｋは下記式（２７）でそれぞれ表すことができる。そして、長手方向の形状をｓｉｎ波形状と仮定し、中伸び時は−、端（耳）伸び時は＋で表現すると、着目した位置における急峻度から幅方向中央位置における急峻度を引くことによって得られる相対急峻度λｋ［％］は下記式（２８）で表すことができる。 The relative steepness will be described below. When the longitudinal curve length and the longitudinal straight line length are defined as shown in FIG. 7 on the surface of the steel sheet having irregularities on the surface, the elongation ε k is the following equation (26), and the elongation difference Δε k Can be represented by the following formula (27). Assuming that the shape in the longitudinal direction is a sin wave shape, and expressing it as-at the time of middle extension and + at the time of extension at the end (ear), the steepness at the center position in the width direction is subtracted from the steepness at the focused position. The obtained relative steepness λ k [%] can be expressed by the following formula (28).
図５及び図６から、巻取り前の最終形状、並びに、冷却途中でのエッジ２５ｍｍ位置及び幅方向中央位置における長手方向温度むらの計算結果は、実績値と良く対応していた。したがって、上記予測モデルによれば、ＲＯＴ上で冷却されている過程における変態を含む鋼板の膨張収縮挙動や、それに伴う形状変化、板幅方向中央部及びエッジ部における長手方向温度むらを高精度に予測可能で、ＲＯＴ上での形状変化や温度むらの発生を捉えることができた。これに対し、従来用いられていた手法は、鋼板表面の凹凸を考慮せず鋼板表面と冷却材とのなす角を考慮しないため、ＲＯＴ上の鋼板の形状変化や鋼板形状が鋼板の冷却状態へ及ぼす影響を関連付けることはできず、図６に示したようなＲＯＴ上での形状変化や温度むらの発生を捉えることは不可能である。なお、参考のため、計算対象を鋼板長手方向の凹凸の周期１周期分に限定せず、鋼板長手方向の全体を対象とする計算を行った。その結果、計算対象を鋼板長手方向の凹凸の周期１周期分に限定した場合と同様の結果が得られたが、計算時間が５００倍に増大した。 From FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the final shape before winding, and the calculation result of the longitudinal temperature unevenness at the edge 25 mm position and the width direction center position during cooling corresponded well with the actual values. Therefore, according to the above prediction model, the expansion / contraction behavior of the steel sheet including transformation in the process of being cooled on the ROT, the accompanying shape change, and the longitudinal temperature unevenness in the center part and the edge part in the sheet width direction are highly accurate. The prediction was possible, and it was possible to capture the shape change and temperature unevenness on the ROT. On the other hand, since the technique used conventionally does not consider the unevenness of the steel sheet surface and does not consider the angle formed by the steel sheet surface and the coolant, the shape change of the steel sheet on the ROT and the steel sheet shape change to the cooled state of the steel sheet. It is impossible to correlate the influences exerted, and it is impossible to capture the shape change or temperature unevenness on the ROT as shown in FIG. For reference, the calculation target is not limited to one period of unevenness in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet, and the calculation for the entire longitudinal direction of the steel sheet is performed. As a result, the same result as that obtained when the calculation object was limited to one period of the unevenness in the longitudinal direction of the steel sheet was obtained, but the calculation time increased 500 times.
次に、上記予測モデルを用いて、図４に示した手順に沿って、平坦度不良や温度むらを低減する製造条件の特定を試みた。予測対象の鋼板の寸法は、板幅１２１５ｍｍ、板厚２．６４ｍｍであり、温度むらを予測した鋼板領域の板幅方向長さは１２１５ｍｍ、長手方向長さは６００ｍｍとした。結果を図８〜図１０に示す。 Next, using the prediction model, an attempt was made to specify manufacturing conditions for reducing poor flatness and temperature unevenness in accordance with the procedure shown in FIG. The dimensions of the steel plate to be predicted were a plate width of 1215 mm and a plate thickness of 2.64 mm, and the length in the plate width direction of the steel plate region where temperature unevenness was predicted was 1215 mm and the length in the longitudinal direction was 600 mm. The results are shown in FIGS.
図８は、鋼板長手方向に所定の幅を有する鋼板先端から８０ｍ位置付近の鋼板部分における諸量の変化を示す図である。図８は、冷却条件を変更しないベース条件、鋼板の板幅方向端部に上面側から冷却水が衝突しないようにすることで板幅方向端部の冷却を抑制するエッジマスクを実施した場合、及び、仕上圧延終了時の鋼板板幅方向の温度むらを低減した場合の結果を示している。ベース条件の結果を実線で、エッジマスクを実施した場合の結果を点線で、仕上温度分布を低減した場合の結果を破線で、それぞれ示した。図８（ａ）の縦軸は鋼板表面の温度［℃］、図８（ｂ）の縦軸はエッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度［％］、図８（ｃ）の縦軸は長手方向温度むら［℃］であり、図８（ａ）〜（ｃ）の横軸はＦＴからの距離［ｍ］である。 FIG. 8 is a diagram showing changes in various amounts in the steel plate portion near the position of 80 m from the front end of the steel plate having a predetermined width in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate. FIG. 8 shows a base condition in which the cooling condition is not changed, and an edge mask that suppresses cooling of the end portion in the plate width direction by preventing the cooling water from colliding with the end portion in the plate width direction of the steel plate from the upper surface side. And the result at the time of reducing the temperature nonuniformity of the steel plate width direction at the time of finishing rolling is shown. The result of the base condition is indicated by a solid line, the result when edge masking is performed is indicated by a dotted line, and the result when the finishing temperature distribution is reduced is indicated by a broken line. The vertical axis of FIG. 8A is the temperature [° C.] of the steel sheet surface, the vertical axis of FIG. 8B is the relative steepness [%] at the edge 25 mm position, and the vertical axis of FIG. [° C.], and the horizontal axis of FIGS. 8A to 8C is the distance [m] from the FT.
図８に示したように、変態温度域（ＦＴからの距離が２０ｍ〜５０ｍの領域）において、鋼板の板幅方向端部の冷却を抑制するエッジマスクを実施したり、仕上圧延終了時の鋼板板幅方向の温度むらを低減したりすることにより、エッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度や長手方向温度むらを目標範囲に制御することが可能になるので、コイラの入側（仕上圧延機の下流側に配置された冷却装置とコイラとの間の領域。以下において同じ。）における鋼板形状を平坦化すること、及び、長手方向の温度むらを低減することが可能になることが分かった。 As shown in FIG. 8, in the transformation temperature region (region where the distance from the FT is 20 m to 50 m), an edge mask that suppresses cooling of the end of the steel plate in the plate width direction is performed, or the steel plate at the end of finish rolling. By reducing the temperature unevenness in the sheet width direction, it becomes possible to control the relative steepness and the longitudinal temperature unevenness at the edge 25 mm position within the target range, so that the inlet side of the coiler (the downstream side of the finishing mill) It was found that it is possible to flatten the shape of the steel plate in the region between the cooling device and the coiler arranged in (1) below, and to reduce the temperature unevenness in the longitudinal direction.
図９は、鋼板長手方向に所定の幅を有する鋼板先端から８０ｍ位置付近の鋼板部分における諸量の変化を示す図である。図９は、冷却条件を変更しないベース条件、及び、使用する冷却バンクの配置をコイラに近い位置に集中した場合の結果を示している。ベース条件の結果を実線で、冷却バンクの配置を変更した場合の結果を点線で、それぞれ示した。図９（ａ）の縦軸は鋼板表面の温度［℃］であり、図９（ｂ）の縦軸はエッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度［％］、図９（ｃ）の縦軸は長手方向温度むら［℃］であり、図９（ａ）〜（ｃ）の横軸はＦＴからの距離［ｍ］である。 FIG. 9 is a diagram showing changes in various amounts in the steel plate portion in the vicinity of the 80 m position from the front end of the steel plate having a predetermined width in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate. FIG. 9 shows the results when the base conditions in which the cooling conditions are not changed and the arrangement of the cooling banks to be used are concentrated near the coiler. The result of the base condition is indicated by a solid line, and the result when the cooling bank arrangement is changed is indicated by a dotted line. The vertical axis in FIG. 9A is the temperature [° C.] of the steel sheet surface, the vertical axis in FIG. 9B is the relative steepness [%] at the edge 25 mm position, and the vertical axis in FIG. 9C is the longitudinal direction. The temperature unevenness [° C.], and the horizontal axis of FIGS. 9A to 9C is the distance [m] from the FT.
図９に示したように、使用する冷却バンクの配置をコイラに近い位置に集中させることにより、エッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度や長手方向温度むらを目標範囲に制御することが可能になるので、コイラの入側における鋼板形状を平坦化すること、及び、長手方向の温度むらを低減することが可能になることが分かった。 As shown in FIG. 9, it is possible to control the relative steepness and the longitudinal temperature unevenness at the edge 25 mm position to the target range by concentrating the arrangement of the cooling bank to be used at a position close to the coiler. It turned out that it becomes possible to planarize the steel plate shape in the entrance side of a coiler, and to reduce the temperature unevenness of a longitudinal direction.
図１０は、仕上形状を変更しないベース条件、及び、仕上形状を端伸びにした場合のそれぞれにおける、鋼板長手方向に所定の幅を有する鋼板先端から１２０ｍ位置付近の鋼板部分における諸量の変化を示す図である。ベース条件の結果を実線で、仕上形状を端伸びにした場合の結果を点線で、それぞれ示した。図１０（ａ）の縦軸は鋼板表面の温度［℃］、図１０（ｂ）の縦軸はエッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度［％］、図１０（ｃ）の縦軸は長手方向温度むら［℃］であり、図１０（ａ）〜（ｃ）の横軸はＦＴからの距離［ｍ］である。 FIG. 10 shows changes in various amounts in the steel plate portion near the position 120 m from the front end of the steel plate having a predetermined width in the longitudinal direction of the steel plate in each of the base conditions in which the finishing shape is not changed and the finishing shape is extended to the end. FIG. The result of the base condition is indicated by a solid line, and the result when the finished shape is extended to the end is indicated by a dotted line. The vertical axis of FIG. 10A is the temperature [° C.] of the steel sheet surface, the vertical axis of FIG. 10B is the relative steepness [%] at the edge 25 mm position, and the vertical axis of FIG. [° C.], and the horizontal axis of FIGS. 10A to 10C is the distance [m] from the FT.
図１０に示したように、仕上形状を端伸びにすることにより、エッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度や長手方向温度むらを目標範囲に制御することが可能になるので、コイラの入側における鋼板形状を平坦化すること、及び、長手方向の温度むらを低減することが可能になることが分かった。 As shown in FIG. 10, it is possible to control the relative steepness and longitudinal temperature unevenness at the edge 25 mm position to the target range by making the finished shape end-extend, so the steel plate shape on the inlet side of the coiler It has been found that it is possible to flatten the substrate and to reduce the temperature unevenness in the longitudinal direction.
図１１〜図１３に、使用する冷却バンクの配置をコイラに近い位置に集中した場合、及び、コイラに近い位置に集中しない場合のそれぞれにおける実機試験の結果を示す。図１１の縦軸はコイラの入側におけるエッジ２５ｍｍ位置の相対急峻度［％］であり、横軸は仕上圧延機と冷却装置との間に存在している鋼板のエッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度［％］である。また、図１２は、冷却バンクの配置を変更する前後における、長手方向温度むらの変化を示す結果であり、図１３は、冷却バンクの配置を変更する前後における、擦り疵や機械特性外れの不良率の変化を示す結果である。なお、図１１〜図１３には、鋼板先端から２０ｍ〜８０ｍの領域の平均値を示した。 FIGS. 11 to 13 show the results of actual machine tests in the case where the arrangement of the cooling banks to be used is concentrated at a position close to the coiler and when the cooling bank is not concentrated at a position close to the coiler. The vertical axis in FIG. 11 is the relative steepness [%] at the edge 25 mm position on the inlet side of the coiler, and the horizontal axis is the relative steepness at the edge 25 mm position of the steel sheet existing between the finishing mill and the cooling device. [%]. FIG. 12 is a result showing changes in longitudinal temperature unevenness before and after changing the arrangement of the cooling banks. FIG. 13 is a result of defective scratches and mechanical characteristics before and after changing the arrangement of the cooling banks. It is a result which shows the change of a rate. In addition, in FIGS. 11-13, the average value of the area | region of 20-80 m from the steel plate front-end | tip was shown.
図１１に示したように、使用する冷却バンクをコイラに近い位置に集中すると、仕上圧延機と冷却装置との間に存在している鋼板のエッジ２５ｍｍ位置における相対急峻度が同程度の中伸びの場合であっても、コイラの入側におけるエッジ２５ｍｍ位置の相対急峻度が０に近づいた。したがって、使用する冷却バンクをコイラに近い位置に集中することにより、鋼板を平坦化することが可能になる。また、図１２から、使用する冷却バンクの配置をコイラに近い位置に集中させることによって、長手方向温度むらを低減可能であることが確認された。さらに、図１３から、使用する冷却バンクの配置をコイラに近い位置に集中させることによって、擦り疵や機械特性外れの不良率を低減可能であることが確認された。 As shown in FIG. 11, when the cooling bank to be used is concentrated at a position close to the coiler, the relative steepness at the edge 25 mm position of the steel sheet existing between the finishing mill and the cooling device is approximately the same. Even in this case, the relative steepness at the edge 25 mm position on the inlet side of the coiler approached zero. Therefore, it is possible to flatten the steel sheet by concentrating the cooling bank to be used at a position close to the coiler. In addition, it was confirmed from FIG. 12 that the temperature unevenness in the longitudinal direction can be reduced by concentrating the arrangement of the cooling banks to be used at a position close to the coiler. Furthermore, it was confirmed from FIG. 13 that the defective rate of scraping and mechanical property loss can be reduced by concentrating the arrangement of the cooling banks to be used at a position close to the coiler.
１…仕上圧延機
２…冷却装置
２ａ、２ｂ…ヘッダー
３…コイラ
４、６、８…幅温度計
５、７…形状計
１０…熱延鋼板の製造装置
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Finish rolling mill 2 ... Cooling device 2a, 2b ... Header 3 ... Coiler 4, 6, 8 ... Width thermometer 5, 7 ... Shape meter 10 ... Manufacturing apparatus of hot-rolled steel sheet
Claims (4)
温度むらを予測される、幅方向及び長手方向に所定の長さを有する鋼板領域の３次元形状を、空間座標点の集合で表現するステップと、
空間座標点の集合で表現された鋼板表面と、該鋼板表面へ衝突する冷却材との角度を考慮しながら、前記冷却材を用いて冷却される前記鋼板表面の熱伝達係数を求めるステップと、
前記鋼板領域の温度変化を予測するステップと、
前記鋼板領域の変態率を予測するステップと、
前記鋼板領域の変態膨張及び熱収縮を予測するステップと、
前記鋼板領域の応力及び歪みを予測するステップと、を有し、
前記温度変化、前記変態率、前記変態膨張及び熱収縮、並びに、前記応力及び歪みのそれぞれを予測する際に用いる方程式を連成して解くことにより、巻き取られる前の前記鋼板領域の温度むらを予測する、熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法。 A method for predicting temperature unevenness before being wound of a hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured through a process of winding in a coil after cooling a hot-rolled steel sheet,
Expressing a three-dimensional shape of a steel plate region having a predetermined length in the width direction and the longitudinal direction, in which temperature unevenness is predicted, and a set of spatial coordinate points;
Obtaining a heat transfer coefficient of the steel sheet surface cooled using the coolant while considering the angle between the steel sheet surface represented by a set of spatial coordinate points and the coolant that collides with the steel sheet surface;
Predicting temperature changes in the steel sheet region;
Predicting the transformation rate of the steel sheet region;
Predicting transformation expansion and heat shrinkage of the steel sheet region;
Predicting stress and strain in the steel sheet region,
The temperature unevenness of the steel sheet region before being wound is obtained by coupling and solving equations used for predicting the temperature change, the transformation rate, the transformation expansion and thermal contraction, and the stress and strain, respectively. A method for predicting temperature unevenness of hot-rolled steel sheets.
前記熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を行う際の前提になる計算条件を変更する条件変更工程と、
変更された前記計算条件の場合における熱延鋼板の温度むらを、請求項１に記載の熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いて予測する温度むら予測工程と、を有し、
前記計算条件に、温度むらを予測される鋼板の冷却前の形状、前記鋼板の冷却前の温度分布、前記鋼板へと衝突する冷却材を噴射する領域の鋼板搬送方向における配置、及び、前記鋼板の板幅方向の冷却形態が含まれ、
前記条件変更工程及び前記温度むら予測工程を繰り返し行うことにより、平坦度不良を低減する製造条件を決定する、熱延鋼板の平坦度制御方法。 A method for controlling the flatness of a hot-rolled steel sheet, in which temperature unevenness is predicted, using the method for predicting temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1,
A condition changing step for changing calculation conditions which are preconditions when performing the method for predicting temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet;
A temperature unevenness prediction step of predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet in the case of the changed calculation condition using the method of predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1,
In the calculation conditions, the shape of the steel plate that is predicted to be uneven in temperature, the shape before cooling of the steel plate, the temperature distribution before cooling of the steel plate, the arrangement of the region injecting the coolant that collides with the steel plate, and the steel plate The cooling form in the plate width direction is included,
A method for controlling flatness of a hot-rolled steel sheet, wherein manufacturing conditions for reducing flatness defects are determined by repeatedly performing the condition changing step and the temperature unevenness prediction step.
前記熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を行う際の前提になる計算条件を変更する条件変更工程と、
変更された前記計算条件の場合における熱延鋼板の温度むらを、請求項１に記載の熱延鋼板の温度むら予測方法を用いて予測する温度むら予測工程と、を有し、
前記計算条件に、温度むらを予測される鋼板の冷却前の形状、前記鋼板の冷却前の温度分布、前記鋼板へと衝突する冷却材を噴射する領域の鋼板搬送方向における配置、及び、前記鋼板の板幅方向の冷却形態が含まれ、
前記条件変更工程及び前記温度むら予測工程を繰り返し行うことにより、温度むらを低減する製造条件を決定する、熱延鋼板の温度むら制御方法。 A method for controlling the temperature distribution of a hot-rolled steel sheet in which temperature unevenness is predicted using the method for predicting temperature unevenness of a hot-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1,
A condition changing step for changing calculation conditions which are preconditions when performing the method for predicting temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet;
A temperature unevenness prediction step of predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet in the case of the changed calculation condition using the method of predicting the temperature unevenness of the hot-rolled steel sheet according to claim 1,
In the calculation conditions, the shape of the steel plate that is predicted to be uneven in temperature, the shape before cooling of the steel plate, the temperature distribution before cooling of the steel plate, the arrangement of the region injecting the coolant that collides with the steel plate, and the steel plate The cooling form in the plate width direction is included,
A temperature unevenness control method for a hot-rolled steel sheet, wherein manufacturing conditions for reducing temperature unevenness are determined by repeatedly performing the condition changing step and the temperature unevenness predicting step.
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