JP2013238403A - Apparatus for estimating state of cells of battery pack - Google Patents

Apparatus for estimating state of cells of battery pack Download PDF

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JP2013238403A
JP2013238403A JP2012109454A JP2012109454A JP2013238403A JP 2013238403 A JP2013238403 A JP 2013238403A JP 2012109454 A JP2012109454 A JP 2012109454A JP 2012109454 A JP2012109454 A JP 2012109454A JP 2013238403 A JP2013238403 A JP 2013238403A
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charge rate
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Yoshihiro Edamoto
吉広 枝本
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Marelli Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for estimating a state of cells of a battery pack, capable of easily estimating a capacity maintenance rate for each cell of the battery pack.SOLUTION: An apparatus for estimating a state of cells 1a-1n of a battery pack includes: charge/discharge current measurement means 3; current integration charge rate calculation means 7; current integration charge rate change amount calculation means 8 which integrates a charge/discharge current from the start of a power source until the elapse of a predetermined time or more after the stop of the power source, to calculate a current integration charge rate change amount; cell open voltage measurement means 2 which measures, for each of the cells constituting the battery pack, a terminal voltage at the start of the power source and after the elapse of the predetermined time or more after the stop of the power source; cell open voltage charge rate calculation means 6 which calculates an open voltage charge rate of each cell from an open voltage of each cell; cell voltage charge rate change amount calculation means 9 which calculates an open voltage charge rate change amount of each cell from the open voltage charge rate of each cell; and cell capacity maintenance rate calculation means 10 which calculates a capacity maintenance rate of each cell from the current integration charge rate change amount, and the open voltage charge rate change amount of each cell.

Description

本発明は、組電池を構成するセルごとにその状態推定する組電池のセルの状態推定装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an assembled battery cell state estimation device that estimates the state of each cell constituting an assembled battery.

従来の組電池のセルの状態推定装置としては、特許文献1に記載のものが知られている。この従来の組電池のセルの状態推定装置では、充電部による電池の充電期間内における所定電流積算期間の積算値に基づいて電流積算充電率変化量を算出する。一方、電池の状態に基づいて所定電流積算期間の開始時および終了時の開放電圧を推定し、これらの推定した開放電圧から上記開始時および終了時の充電率を求め、これら両者の差分から開放電圧変化量変化量を算出する。続いて、開放電圧変化量変化量に対する電流積算充電率変化量の比である容量維持率を算出し、この値に電池の初期電池容量を乗算して、電池の電池容量を算出する。   As a conventional battery state estimation device for an assembled battery, a device described in Patent Document 1 is known. In this conventional battery state estimation device for an assembled battery, the current integrated charging rate change amount is calculated based on the integrated value of the predetermined current integrating period within the charging period of the battery by the charging unit. On the other hand, the open circuit voltage at the start and end of the predetermined current integration period is estimated based on the state of the battery, the charge rate at the start and end is obtained from the estimated open circuit voltage, and the open rate is calculated from the difference between the two. The voltage change amount change amount is calculated. Subsequently, a capacity maintenance rate that is a ratio of the current integrated charging rate change amount to the open circuit voltage change amount change amount is calculated, and this value is multiplied by the initial battery capacity of the battery to calculate the battery capacity of the battery.

特開2011−215125号公報JP 2011-215125 A

しかしながら、上記従来の組電池のセルの状態推定装置にあっては、以下の問題がある。
すなわち、上記従来の組電池のセルの状態推定装置では、電池の状態は、組電池を構成するセルごとの電圧に測定して推定しているわけではなく、組電池全体としての総合電圧から推定している。
セルを直列に接続した組電池の場合、セルにはばらつきがあるため、組電池として使用可能な容量は、一番小さな容量のセルに依存してしまう。この結果、総合電圧から組電池全体の残量を推定しようとしても、正確な推定を行うことはできない。
However, the above-described conventional battery state estimation apparatus for assembled batteries has the following problems.
That is, in the above-described conventional assembled battery cell state estimation device, the battery state is not estimated by measuring the voltage of each cell constituting the assembled battery, but is estimated from the total voltage of the entire assembled battery. doing.
In the case of an assembled battery in which cells are connected in series, since the cells vary, the capacity that can be used as the assembled battery depends on the cell having the smallest capacity. As a result, even if it is attempted to estimate the remaining amount of the entire assembled battery from the total voltage, accurate estimation cannot be performed.

なお、上記従来の組電池のセルの状態推定装置で用いた同じ推定手法で、セルごとにその内部状態(残量、健全度(SOH: State of Health)、劣化度(1-SOH)等)を推定しようとすると、個々のセルの電流積算充電率変化量と開放電圧充電率変化量とを算出し、前者を後者で除算しなければならず、電気自動車用組電池のようにセルが多いと、その演算処理が大変となる。
本発明は、上記問題に着目してなされたもので、その目的とするところは、複数のセルを接続して構成された組電池に用いられたセルごとの容量維持率(健全度SOH)をより簡単に推定することができるようにした組電池のセルの状態推定装置を提供することにある。
In addition, the same estimation method used in the above conventional battery assembly cell state estimation device, the internal state of each cell (remaining amount, state of health (SOH), deterioration level (1-SOH), etc.) If we try to estimate the current integrated charge rate change amount and open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount of each cell, the former must be divided by the latter, and there are many cells like an assembled battery for an electric vehicle. The calculation process becomes difficult.
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-mentioned problem, and the purpose thereof is to determine the capacity maintenance rate (health degree SOH) for each cell used in an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of cells. It is an object of the present invention to provide an assembled battery cell state estimation device that can be estimated more easily.

この目的のため、請求項1に記載の本発明による組電池のセルの状態推定装置は、
組電池の充放電電流を測定する充放電流測定手段と、
充放電流測定手段で測定した充放電電流を積算してこの積算値に基づいて電流積算充電率を算出する電流積算充電率算出手段と、
電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの充放電電流を積算してこの積算値に基づいて電流積算充電率の変化量を算出する電流積算充電率変化量算出手段と、
組電池を構成するセルごとに、電源起動時および電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時の端子電圧をそれぞれ測定する各セルの開放電圧測定手段と、
各セルの開放電圧測定手段で測定した各セルの開放電圧から各セルの開放電圧充電率をそれぞれ算出する各セルの開放電圧充電率算出手段と、
各セルの開放電圧充電率算出手段で求めた各セルの開放電圧充電率から各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量を算出する各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量算出手段と、
電流積算充電率変化量算出手段で得た電流積算充電率変化量および各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量算出手段で得た各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量から各セルの容量維持率をそれぞれ算出する各セルの容量維持率算出手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする。
For this purpose, an apparatus for estimating a state of a cell of an assembled battery according to the present invention as set forth in claim 1 comprises:
Charge / discharge current measuring means for measuring the charge / discharge current of the assembled battery;
Current integrated charge rate calculating means for integrating the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current measuring means and calculating the current integrated charge rate based on the integrated value;
A current integrated charge rate change amount calculating means for integrating a charge / discharge current from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off, and calculating a change amount of the current integrated charge rate based on the integrated value;
For each cell constituting the assembled battery, an open-circuit voltage measuring means for each cell for measuring a terminal voltage at the time of a certain time or more after the power is turned on and off, and
An open-circuit voltage charge rate calculating means for each cell, which calculates an open-circuit voltage charge rate of each cell from the open-circuit voltage of each cell measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means of each cell;
An open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount calculating means for each cell, which calculates an open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount of each cell from the open-circuit voltage charge rate of each cell determined by the open-circuit voltage charge rate calculating means of each cell;
The capacity maintenance rate of each cell is calculated from the current integrated charging rate change obtained by the current integrated charging rate change calculating means and the open voltage charging rate change of each cell obtained by the open voltage charging rate change calculating means of each cell. A capacity maintenance rate calculating means for each cell to be calculated;
It is provided with.

請求項2に記載の本発明による組電池のセルの状態推定装置は、
請求項1に記載の組電池のセルの状態推定装置において、
電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの時間が一定時間を越す場合には、各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しない、
ことを特徴とする。
The battery state estimation device for an assembled battery according to the present invention as claimed in claim 2
In the battery state estimation apparatus of the assembled battery according to claim 1,
If the time from the time the power is turned on until the elapse of a certain time after the power is turned off exceeds a certain time, do not perform the capacity maintenance rate estimation process for each cell.
It is characterized by that.

請求項3に記載の本発明による組電池のセルの状態推定装置は、
請求項1又は2に記載の組電池のセルの状態推定装置において、
電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの期間内における電流積算充電率変化量が所定値より小さい場合には、各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しない、
ことを特徴とする。
An apparatus for estimating a state of a cell of an assembled battery according to the present invention according to claim 3
In the battery state estimation apparatus of the assembled battery according to claim 1 or 2,
When the current accumulated charge rate change amount is less than a predetermined value during the period from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off, the estimation process of the capacity maintenance rate of each cell is not performed.
It is characterized by that.

請求項1に記載の本発明の組電池のセルの状態推定装置にあっては、複数のセルを接続して構成された組電池に用いられたセルごとの容量維持率を算出する際、電流積算充電率変化量には個々のセルの値ではなく、組電池全体の値を用いるようにしたので、各セルの容量維持率を従来技術に比べてより簡単に推定することができる。   In the cell state estimation device of the battery pack of the present invention according to claim 1, when calculating the capacity maintenance rate for each cell used in the battery pack configured by connecting a plurality of cells, Since the total charge rate change amount is not the value of each individual cell, but the value of the entire assembled battery, the capacity maintenance rate of each cell can be estimated more easily than in the prior art.

請求項2に記載の本発明の組電池のセルの状態推定装置にあっては、電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの時間が一定時間を越す場合には、各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しないようにしたので、推定精度が低下するのを避けることができる。   In the cell state estimation apparatus of the battery pack according to claim 2, each cell is operated when the time from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off exceeds a certain time. Since the estimation process of the capacity maintenance rate is not performed, it is possible to avoid a decrease in estimation accuracy.

請求項3に記載の本発明の組電池のセルの状態推定装置にあっては、電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの期間内における電流積算充電率変化量が所定値より小さい場合には、各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しないようにしたので、推定精度が低下するのを避けることができる。   In the cell state estimation device of the battery pack of the present invention according to claim 3, the amount of change in current integrated charging rate during a period from when the power is turned on to when a predetermined time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off is a predetermined value. In the case of being smaller, since the estimation process of the capacity maintenance rate of each cell is not performed, it is possible to avoid a decrease in estimation accuracy.

本発明の実施例1の組電池のセルの状態推定装置の全体構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the whole structure of the cell state estimation apparatus of the assembled battery of Example 1 of this invention. 電源起動時から電源停止後、次の電源起動時の間における車両充放電電流と充電率との一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the vehicle charging / discharging electric current and charge rate during the time of the next power supply starting after a power supply stop from the time of a power supply starting. 実施例1の組電池のセルの状態推定装置で実行される推定処理のフローチャートを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the flowchart of the estimation process performed with the cell state estimation apparatus of the assembled battery of Example 1. FIG.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面に示す実施例に基づき詳細に説明する。なお、以下の説明および図中における「Cell-」の記号は「各セルの」を表す。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on examples shown in the drawings. Note that the symbol “Cell-” in the following description and drawings represents “for each cell”.

まず、実施例1の組電池のセルの状態推定装置の全体構成を説明する。
この実施例1の組電池1のセルの状態推定装置は、複数(n個:nは2以上の整数)のセル1a、1b、・・・、1m、1nを直列接続して構成した組電池1に接続されて、これら各セル1a〜1nの内部状態を推測する。
なお、本実施例では、組電池1は、電気自動車の電源として用いる。
First, the whole structure of the cell state estimation apparatus of the assembled battery of Example 1 is demonstrated.
The cell state estimation device of the assembled battery 1 of Example 1 is an assembled battery constructed by connecting a plurality (n: n is an integer of 2 or more) of cells 1a, 1b, ..., 1m, 1n in series. 1 to estimate the internal state of each of these cells 1a to 1n.
In the present embodiment, the assembled battery 1 is used as a power source for an electric vehicle.

組電池1のセルの状態推定装置は、端子電圧測定部2と、充放電電流測定部3と、マイクロ・コンピュータ4と、を備えている。   The cell state estimation device of the assembled battery 1 includes a terminal voltage measurement unit 2, a charge / discharge current measurement unit 3, and a microcomputer 4.

マイクロ・コンピュータ4は、測定電圧保持部5と、開放電圧−充電率算出部6と、電流積算部7と、第1除算部8と、減算部9と、第2除算部10と、を有する各セルの健全度算出部4Aを備えている。   The microcomputer 4 includes a measurement voltage holding unit 5, an open-circuit voltage-charge rate calculation unit 6, a current integration unit 7, a first division unit 8, a subtraction unit 9, and a second division unit 10. Each cell has a soundness calculation unit 4A.

端子電圧測定部2は、各セル1a〜1nに対応して各セルの端子電圧を測定するn個のセル電圧測定部2a、2b、・・・、2m、2nからなり、これらのセル電圧測定部2a〜2nは測定した各セル1a〜1nの端子電圧を測定電圧保持部5へ入力する。
端子電圧測定部2は、本発明の各セルの開放電圧測定手段に相当する。
The terminal voltage measurement unit 2 includes n cell voltage measurement units 2a, 2b,..., 2m, 2n that measure the terminal voltage of each cell corresponding to each cell 1a to 1n. The units 2a to 2n input the measured terminal voltages of the cells 1a to 1n to the measurement voltage holding unit 5.
The terminal voltage measuring unit 2 corresponds to an open circuit voltage measuring unit for each cell of the present invention.

充放電流測定部3は、組電池1に直列接続されて組電池1を流れる充放電電流を測定し、この値を電流積算部7へ出力する。
充放電流測定部3は、本発明の充放電電流測定手段に相当する。
The charge / discharge current measuring unit 3 measures the charge / discharge current flowing in the assembled battery 1 connected in series to the assembled battery 1, and outputs this value to the current integrating unit 7.
The charge / discharge current measuring unit 3 corresponds to the charge / discharge current measuring means of the present invention.

測定電圧保存部5は、電源起動時、すなわち放電が始可能になる時点(図2中のAで示す時点)、および車両停止放置後、すなわち車両走行で放電した後、電流が流れていない期間が所定時間以上経過した時点(図2中のBで示す時点で、本実施例では次の電源起動時)でそれぞれ発せられる起動信号に応じて、そのときの各セル1a〜1nの端子電圧を記憶保存する。   The measured voltage storage unit 5 has a period in which no current flows after the power is turned on, that is, when the discharge can be started (time indicated by A in FIG. 2) and after the vehicle is left unattended, that is, after the vehicle is discharged by running. According to the activation signal issued at the time when the predetermined time has elapsed (at the time indicated by B in FIG. 2 and at the time of the next power activation in this embodiment), the terminal voltages of the cells 1a to 1n at that time are Save and save.

すなわち、測定電圧保存部5は、時点Aでの電源起動時にあっては、高充電率(SOC: State of Charge)状態となっている各セルの開放(端子)電圧値Cell-OCV-Hiを記憶保存し、時点Bでの所定時間以上にわたる電源停止時にあっては、車両走行による放電で低SOC状態となっている各セルの開放(端子)電圧Cell-OCV-Loを記憶保存する。   That is, the measured voltage storage unit 5 calculates the open (terminal) voltage value Cell-OCV-Hi of each cell that is in a high state of charge (SOC) state at the time of power activation at time A. When the power supply is stopped for a predetermined time or more at the time point B, the open (terminal) voltage Cell-OCV-Lo of each cell that is in a low SOC state due to discharge caused by running of the vehicle is stored and stored.

ここで、上記のように、充放電が所定時間以上なされず分極反応が緩和している場合の端子電圧は、開放電圧(OCV:Open Circuit Voltage)に等しくなり、したがって上記時点A、Bで測定した端子電圧は、開放電圧とみなせる。
なお、上記電源起動時や車両停止放置後の開放電圧の測定方法の詳細については、後で説明する。
Here, as described above, when the charge / discharge is not performed for a predetermined time or more and the polarization reaction is relaxed, the terminal voltage is equal to the open circuit voltage (OCV), and therefore measured at the time points A and B above. The applied terminal voltage can be regarded as an open circuit voltage.
The details of the method for measuring the open-circuit voltage when the power is turned on or after leaving the vehicle stopped will be described later.

開放電圧−充電率算出部6は、あらかじめ実験で得た、開放電圧OCVと充電率SOCとの関係のデータを記憶してある。測定電圧保存部5から入力された、高SOC時における各セル1a〜1nの開放電圧値Cell-OCV-Hiに基づいてそのセルの高SOC時の開放電圧充電率Cell-SOC-Hiを、またその低SOC時における各セル1a〜1nの開放電圧Cell-OCV-Loに基づいてそのセルの低SOC時の開放電圧充電率Cell-SOC-Loを、それぞれ算出する。これらの開放電圧充電率Cell-OCV-Hi、Cell-SOC-Loは、減算部9へ出力される。   The open-circuit voltage-charge rate calculation unit 6 stores data on the relationship between the open-circuit voltage OCV and the charge rate SOC obtained in advance through experiments. Based on the open-circuit voltage value Cell-OCV-Hi of each cell 1a to 1n at the time of high SOC input from the measurement voltage storage unit 5, the open-circuit voltage charging rate Cell-SOC-Hi at the time of high SOC of the cell is Based on the open-circuit voltage Cell-OCV-Lo of each cell 1a to 1n at the time of the low SOC, the open-circuit voltage charging rate Cell-SOC-Lo at the time of the low SOC of the cell is calculated. These open-circuit voltage charging rates Cell-OCV-Hi and Cell-SOC-Lo are output to the subtraction unit 9.

減算部9は、セル1a〜1nごとに、高SOC時の開放電圧充電率Cell-SOC-Hiから低SOC時の開放電圧充電率Cell-SOC-Loから減算して、各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量Cell-ΔSOCをそれぞれ得る。
この値は、第2除算部10へ出力される。
For each cell 1a to 1n, the subtraction unit 9 subtracts the open voltage charge rate Cell-SOC-Lo at low SOC from the open voltage charge rate Cell-SOC-Hi at high SOC to charge the open voltage of each cell. A rate change amount Cell-ΔSOC V is obtained.
This value is output to the second division unit 10.

一方、電流積算部7は、充放電測定部3から入力した充放電電流を上記時点Aから時点Bまでの期間、積算して組電池1に出入りした電荷量を算出し、この電流積算量(電荷変化量)を第1除算部8へ出力する。   On the other hand, the current integration unit 7 integrates the charge / discharge current input from the charge / discharge measurement unit 3 during the period from the time point A to the time point B to calculate the amount of electric charge that enters and exits the assembled battery 1. The charge change amount) is output to the first division unit 8.

第1除算部8は、電流積算部7から入力された電流積算量を、あらかじめ設定した設計容量で除算して電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCを得、この値を第2除算部10へ出力する。 The first division unit 8 divides the current integration amount input from the current integration unit 7 by a preset design capacity to obtain a current integration charge rate change amount ΔSOC i , and outputs this value to the second division unit 10 To do.

第2除算部10は、第1除算部8で得た電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCを、減算部9で得た各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量Cell-ΔSOCで除算し、各セルの健全度Cell-SOHを得る。 The second dividing unit 10 divides the current integrated charging rate change amount ΔSOC i obtained by the first dividing unit 8 by the open-circuit voltage charging rate change amount Cell-ΔSOC V of each cell obtained by the subtracting unit 9 to obtain each cell. Get a Cell-SOH health.

すなわち、各セルの健全度SOH=(電流積算量/設計容量)÷(時点Aでの各セルの開放電圧充電率−時点Bでの各セルの開放電圧充電率)=電流積算充電率変化量/開放電圧充電率変化量で算出する(%表示の場合は、上記SOHの値に100を掛ける)。   That is, the degree of soundness SOH of each cell = (current integrated amount / design capacity) / (open-circuit voltage charging rate of each cell at time point A−open-circuit voltage charging rate of each cell at time point B) = current integrated charging rate change amount / Calculate by changing the open-circuit voltage charging rate (in the case of% display, multiply the value of SOH by 100).

開放電圧充電率変化量ΔSOCVには健全度SOHが含まれているものの、電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCには健全度SOHが含まれていないことから、上記式から健全度SOHを算出することが可能となる。 Although the soundness level SOH is included in the open circuit voltage charge rate change amount ΔSOC V , the soundness level SOH is not included in the current integrated charge rate change amount ΔSOC i. It becomes possible.

次に、上記測定電圧保存部5が電圧を記憶する時点A、Bについて、図2に基づいて説明する。   Next, the time points A and B when the measured voltage storage unit 5 stores the voltage will be described with reference to FIG.

同図は、横軸に時間を、縦軸の上半部に充放電電流を、また縦軸の下半部に電流積算充電率SOCをそれぞれ表したグラフで、データは一例を表す。
同図に示すように、図示しないスタート・スイッチをオンにすると、電源が起動される。この時点がAである。このときの各セル1a〜1nの端子電圧を開放電圧として測定電圧保存部5に記憶する。
In the figure, time is plotted on the horizontal axis, charge / discharge current is plotted on the upper half of the vertical axis, and current integrated charge rate SOC i is plotted on the lower half of the vertical axis, and the data represents an example.
As shown in the figure, when a start switch (not shown) is turned on, the power supply is activated. This point is A. The terminal voltages of the cells 1a to 1n at this time are stored in the measured voltage storage unit 5 as open voltages.

車両が走行すると、電気モータの駆動等のため放電電流が生じる。走行中、制動を行うと、電気モータがジェネレータとして機能しエネルギの回生を行い、充電電流となる。このように走行中は、充放電が繰り返されるものの、放電量が多くなるため、電流積算充電率SOCは低下していく。
その後、車両がC時点で停止し電源も停止させられると、充放電電流は0となり、電流積算充電率SOCは最低値となる。
When the vehicle travels, a discharge current is generated due to driving of the electric motor or the like. When braking is performed during traveling, the electric motor functions as a generator to regenerate energy and become a charging current. Thus, while traveling, charging / discharging is repeated, but since the discharge amount increases, the current integrated charging rate SOC i decreases.
Thereafter, when the vehicle is stopped at time C and the power supply is also stopped, the charge / discharge current becomes 0, and the current integrated charging rate SOC i becomes the minimum value.

そのまま停車放置し時点Bで電源を起動し、充電を開始する。この開始直前に、測定電圧保存部5は、各セル1a〜1nの端子電圧を開放電圧として測定電圧保存部5に記憶する。
充電中は、充電電流が供給され、これにつれて電流積算充電率SOCも上昇していく。
Leave the vehicle as it is, start the power supply at time B, and start charging. Immediately before the start, the measurement voltage storage unit 5 stores the terminal voltages of the cells 1a to 1n in the measurement voltage storage unit 5 as open voltages.
During charging, a charging current is supplied, and the current integrated charging rate SOC i also increases with this.

ここで、測定電圧保存部5による時点Bでの測定電圧の記憶保持は、図2に示すように、時点A〜時点B間の時間(図2中にDで示す)が所定時間内である場合のみ測定電圧を記憶保持し、所定時間を超える場合には時点Bでの測定電圧の記憶保持は行わないようにして、電流積算による累積誤差や自己放電による充電率変化の悪影響を少なくするようにしている。   Here, the measurement voltage storage unit 5 stores and holds the measurement voltage at time point B, as shown in FIG. 2, the time between time point A and time point B (indicated by D in FIG. 2) is within a predetermined time. The measured voltage is stored and retained only when the specified time is exceeded, and the measured voltage is not stored and retained at time point B to reduce the adverse effects of accumulated errors due to current integration and changes in charge rate due to self-discharge. I have to.

また、時点A〜時点B間での電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCiが所定値以上の場合に時点Bでの測定電圧の記憶保持を行い、所定値より小さい場合は、時点Bでの測定電圧の記憶保持は行わないようにして、推定精度が低くならないようにしている。   In addition, when the current integrated charging rate change amount ΔSOCi between time A and time B is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the measurement voltage at time B is stored and held. Memory retention is not performed so that the estimation accuracy is not lowered.

また、時点Cから時点Bまでの期間が、電流が流れておらず、その期間が一定時間以上の場合に時点Bでの測定電圧の記憶保持を行い、一定時間より短い場合は、時点Bでの測定電圧の記憶保持は行わないようにして、推定精度が低くならないようにしている。   In addition, when no current flows during the period from time C to time B and the period is longer than a certain time, the measured voltage is stored and retained at time B. The measurement voltage is not memorized and held so that the estimation accuracy is not lowered.

次に、上記マイクロ・コンピュータで実行するSOHの推定処理を、図3のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。   Next, SOH estimation processing executed by the microcomputer will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

ステップS1では、各セルの健全度算出部4Aが電源の起動直後であるか否かを判断する。
判断結果がYESであればステップS2へ進み、判断結果がNOであればステップS14へ進む。
In step S1, it is determined whether the soundness calculation unit 4A of each cell is immediately after the power supply is activated.
If the determination result is YES, the process proceeds to step S2, and if the determination result is NO, the process proceeds to step S14.

ステップS2では、図2中の時点Cから時点Bの間の停止期間が一定時間以上経過したか否かを判断する。
判断結果がYESであればステップS3へ進み、判断結果がNOであれば最初に戻る。
In step S2, it is determined whether or not the stop period between time C and time B in FIG.
If the determination result is YES, the process proceeds to step S3, and if the determination result is NO, the process returns to the beginning.

ステップS3では、測定電圧保持部5が、時点Aでの各セルの電圧Cell-OCV-Hiを取得した否かを判断する。
この判断では、A時点取得フラグが1であるか、あるいは0であるか、をみて判断を行う。A時点取得フラグが1になっている場合は各セルの電圧Cell-OCV-Hiを取得済みであることを、またA時点取得フラグが0になっている場合は各セルの電圧Cell-OCV-Hiを未取得であることを表す。
判断結果がYESであればステップS4に進み、判断結果がNOであればステップS11に進む。
In step S3, the measurement voltage holding unit 5 determines whether or not the voltage Cell-OCV-Hi of each cell at time A has been acquired.
In this determination, the determination is made by checking whether the A time point acquisition flag is 1 or 0. If the A time acquisition flag is 1, it means that the voltage Cell-OCV-Hi of each cell has been acquired, and if the A time acquisition flag is 0, the voltage Cell-OCV- Indicates that Hi has not been acquired.
If the determination result is YES, the process proceeds to step S4, and if the determination result is NO, the process proceeds to step S11.

ステップS4では、時点Aから時点Bまでの経過時間(図2中のD)が所定時間内であるか否かを判断する。
この判断結果がYESであればステップS5に進み、判断結果がNOであればステップS10に進む。
In step S4, it is determined whether or not the elapsed time from time A to time B (D in FIG. 2) is within a predetermined time.
If the determination result is YES, the process proceeds to step S5, and if the determination result is NO, the process proceeds to step S10.

ステップS5では、電流積算部7で得た電流積算値を、第1除算部8にて設計容量で除算して時点Aでの電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCを算出する。
続いて、ステップS6へ進む。
In step S5, the current integrated value obtained by the current integrating unit 7 is divided by the design capacity by the first dividing unit 8, and the current integrated charging rate change amount ΔSOC i at time A is calculated.
Then, it progresses to step S6.

ステップS6では、電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOC(図2中のE)が所定値以上あるか否かを判断する。
判断結果がYESであればステップS7に進み、判断結果がNOであれば最初に戻る。
In step S6, it is determined whether or not the current integrated charging rate change amount ΔSOC i (E in FIG. 2) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
If the determination result is YES, the process proceeds to step S7, and if the determination result is NO, the process returns to the beginning.

ステップ7では、測定電圧保持部5が、時点Bでの各セルの開放(端子)電圧Cell-OCV-Loを取得し記憶保存する。
続いて、ステップS8に進む。
In step 7, the measurement voltage holding unit 5 acquires and stores the open (terminal) voltage Cell-OCV-Lo of each cell at the time point B.
Then, it progresses to step S8.

ステップS8では、時点A、時点Bにおける各セルの開放電圧Cell-OCV-Hi、Cell-OCV-Loから開放電圧−充電率部6で各セルの開放電圧充電率Cell-SOC-Hi、Cell-SOC-Loを得、減算部9にてこれらの差分をとって各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量Cell-ΔSOCを算出する。
続いて、ステップS9に進む。
In step S8, the open-circuit voltage charge rate Cell-SOC-Hi, Cell- of each cell at the open-circuit voltage-charge rate unit 6 from the open-circuit voltage Cell-OCV-Hi, Cell-OCV-Lo of each cell at time A and time B SOC-Lo is obtained, and the subtraction unit 9 calculates these differences to calculate the open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount Cell-ΔSOC V of each cell.
Then, it progresses to step S9.

ステップS9では、第2除算部10が電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCを各セル1a〜1nの開放電圧充電率変化量ΔSOCでそれぞれ除算して、セル1a〜1nごとの健全度SOHを算出する。
続いてステップS10に進む。
In step S9, the second division unit 10 divides the current integrated charging rate change amount ΔSOC i by the open-circuit voltage charging rate change amount ΔSOC v of each cell 1a to 1n to calculate the soundness SOH for each cell 1a to 1n. To do.
Then, it progresses to step S10.

ステッS10では、A時点取得フラグを0にする。その後、最初に戻る。   In step S10, the A time point acquisition flag is set to zero. Then return to the beginning.

一方、ステップS3においてA時点で各セル1a〜1nのセル電圧を取得していないと判断された場合、ステップS11に進み、このステップで、電流積算部7での電流積算値をリセットするとともに、時間計測値もリセットした後、この時点から時間計測を新たに始める。
続いて、ステップS12に進む。
On the other hand, when it is determined in step S3 that the cell voltage of each of the cells 1a to 1n has not been acquired at time A, the process proceeds to step S11, and in this step, the current integration value in the current integration unit 7 is reset, and After resetting the time measurement value, a new time measurement is started from this point.
Then, it progresses to step S12.

ステップS12では、時点Aでの各セル1a〜1nのセル電圧を取得する。
続いて、ステップS13に進む。
In step S12, the cell voltages of the cells 1a to 1n at time A are acquired.
Then, it progresses to step S13.

ステップS13では、A時点取得フラグを1に設定する。
その後、最初に戻る。
In step S13, the A time acquisition flag is set to 1.
Then return to the beginning.

また、ステップS1において電源起動直後ではないと判断された場合には、車両走行中や一時停車中等であるということで、ステップS14に進み、このステップで、電流積算処理および時間計測処理を続けて行う。
その後、最初に戻る。
If it is determined in step S1 that it is not immediately after the power is turned on, it means that the vehicle is running, temporarily stopped, etc., so that the process proceeds to step S14. In this step, the current integration process and the time measurement process are continued. Do.
Then return to the beginning.

このようにして得られた各セル1a〜1nの健全度Cell-SOHは、組電池1の正確な残量やセルごとの劣化警報等に利用される。   The soundness level Cell-SOH of each of the cells 1a to 1n thus obtained is used for an accurate remaining amount of the assembled battery 1 or a deterioration warning for each cell.

実施例1の組電池のセルの状態推定装置は、以下の効果を有する。
セル1a〜1nごとの健全度Cell-SOHを推測するにあたって、従来技術のようにセルごとに電流積算充電率変化量を計算する必要がなく、推定のための演算処理量が少なくて済み、マイクロ・コンピュータ4の処理負荷が小さくなる。
このように、セル1a〜1nごとに健全度Cell-SOHを推測することができるので、組電池1の正確な残量を推測でき、またセルごとの劣化警報を行うことが可能となる。
The assembled battery cell state estimation apparatus of Example 1 has the following effects.
In estimating Cell-SOH for each cell 1a to 1n, there is no need to calculate the current accumulated charge rate change amount for each cell as in the prior art, and the calculation processing amount for estimation can be reduced. -The processing load on the computer 4 is reduced.
Thus, since the soundness level Cell-SOH can be estimated for each of the cells 1a to 1n, the accurate remaining amount of the assembled battery 1 can be estimated, and a deterioration alarm for each cell can be performed.

また、電源起動時(時点A)から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時(時点B)までの時間が一定時間を越す場合には、電流積算充電率変化量ΔSOCを算出しないことで、各セル1a〜1nの容量維持率(健全度)Cell-SOHの推定処理を実施しないようにしたので、長時間にわたる電流積算の累積誤差が入らないようにでき、また自己放電による充電率変化の悪影響を受けないにして、高精度で容量維持率Cell-SOHを得ることができる。 In addition, when the time from when the power is turned on (time A) to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is stopped (time B) exceeds a certain time, the current accumulated charging rate change amount ΔSOC i is not calculated, Since the capacity maintenance rate (health level) Cell-SOH of each cell 1a to 1n is not estimated, the accumulated error of current integration over a long period of time can be prevented, and the charge rate change due to self-discharge can be prevented. The capacity maintenance ratio Cell-SOH can be obtained with high accuracy without being adversely affected.

また、電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの期間内における電流積算充電率変化量が所定値より小さい場合には、時点Bでのセル電圧の取得を行わないことで各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しないようにしたので、高精度で容量維持率Cell-SOHを得ることができる。   In addition, if the amount of change in the accumulated current charge rate during the period from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off is less than a predetermined value, the cell voltage at time B is not acquired. Since the estimation process of the capacity maintenance rate of the cell is not performed, the capacity maintenance ratio Cell-SOH can be obtained with high accuracy.

以上、本発明を上記各実施例に基づき説明してきたが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限られず、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で設計変更等があった場合でも、本発明に含まれる。   The present invention has been described based on the above embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and is included in the present invention even when there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. .

たとえば、本発明の組電池のセルの状態推定装置は、電気自動車の組電池に限られず、電気モータと内燃機関を備えたハイブリッド車、あるいはその他の装置の組電池の状態を推定する装置にも適用することができる。   For example, the battery state estimation apparatus for an assembled battery according to the present invention is not limited to an assembled battery for an electric vehicle, but may be a hybrid vehicle including an electric motor and an internal combustion engine, or an apparatus for estimating the assembled battery state of another apparatus. Can be applied.

1 組電池
1a、1b、1m、1n セル
2 端子電圧測定部(開放電圧測定手段)
2a、2b、2m、2n セル電圧測定部(開放電圧測定手段)
3 充放電電流測定部(充放電電流測定手段)
4 マイクロ・コンピュータ
4A 各セルの健全度算出部
5 測定電圧保持部
6 開放電圧−充電率算出部
7 電流積算部
8 第1除算部
9 減算部
10 第2除算部
1 battery pack
1a, 1b, 1m, 1n cells
2-terminal voltage measuring unit (open voltage measuring means)
2a, 2b, 2m, 2n Cell voltage measurement unit (open voltage measurement means)
3 Charging / discharging current measuring unit (charging / discharging current measuring means)
4 Micro computer
4A Soundness calculator for each cell
5 Measurement voltage holding section
6 Open-circuit voltage vs. charge rate calculator
7 Current integrator
8 First division
9 Subtraction part
10 Second division

Claims (3)

組電池の充放電電流を測定する充放電流測定手段と、
該充放電流測定手段で測定した前記充放電電流を積算してこの積算値に基づいて電流積算充電率を算出する電流積算充電率算出手段と、
電源起動時から電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの前記充放電電流を積算してこの積算値に基づいて電流積算充電率の変化量を算出する電流積算充電率変化量算出手段と、
前記組電池を構成するセルごとに、前記電源起動時および前記電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時の端子電圧をそれぞれ測定する各セルの開放電圧測定手段と、
該各セルの開放電圧測定手段で測定した前記各セルの開放電圧から各セルの開放電圧充電率をそれぞれ算出する各セルの開放電圧充電率算出手段と、
該各セルの開放電圧充電率算出手段で求めた前記各セルの開放電圧充電率から各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量を算出する各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量算出手段と、
前記電流積算充電率変化量算出手段で得た前記電流積算充電率変化量および前記各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量算出手段で得た前記各セルの開放電圧充電率変化量から各セルの容量維持率をそれぞれ算出する各セルの容量維持率算出手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とする組電池のセルの状態推定装置。
Charge / discharge current measuring means for measuring the charge / discharge current of the assembled battery;
Current integrated charge rate calculating means for integrating the charge / discharge current measured by the charge / discharge current measuring means and calculating a current integrated charge rate based on the integrated value;
A current integrated charge rate change amount calculating means for integrating the charge / discharge current from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off, and calculating a change amount of the current integrated charge rate based on the integrated value;
For each cell constituting the assembled battery, an open-circuit voltage measuring means for each cell for measuring a terminal voltage at the elapse of a predetermined time or more after the power is turned on and after the power is turned off,
An open-circuit voltage charge rate calculating unit for each cell, which calculates an open-circuit voltage charge rate of each cell from the open-circuit voltage of each cell measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring unit of each cell;
An open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount calculating means for each cell that calculates an open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount of each cell from the open-circuit voltage charge rate of each cell determined by the open-circuit voltage charge rate calculating means of each cell;
The capacity of each cell from the current integrated charge rate change amount obtained by the current integrated charge rate change amount calculation unit and the open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount of each cell obtained by the open-circuit voltage charge rate change amount calculation unit of each cell Capacity maintenance rate calculation means for each cell for calculating the maintenance rate,
An apparatus for estimating a state of a cell of an assembled battery, comprising:
請求項1に記載の組電池のセルの状態推定装置において、
前記電源起動時から前記電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの時間が一定時間を越す場合には、前記各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しない、
ことを特徴とする組電池のセルの状態推定装置。
In the battery state estimation apparatus of the assembled battery according to claim 1,
If the time from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off exceeds a certain time, the estimation process of the capacity maintenance rate of each cell is not performed.
An assembled battery cell state estimation device.
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の組電池のセルの状態推定装置において、
前記電源起動時から前記電源停止時後一定時間以上の経過時までの期間内における前記電流積算充電率変化量が所定値より小さい場合には、前記各セルの容量維持率の推定処理を実施しない、
ことを特徴とする組電池のセルの状態推定装置。
In the battery state estimation apparatus for an assembled battery according to claim 1 or 2,
When the current integrated charging rate change amount is less than a predetermined value during a period from when the power is turned on to when a certain time or more has elapsed after the power is turned off, the capacity maintenance rate estimation process for each cell is not performed. ,
An assembled battery cell state estimation device.
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