JP2013213577A - Sliding member, needle roller bearing and metal surface treatment method - Google Patents
Sliding member, needle roller bearing and metal surface treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- phosphate
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- solid lubricant
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydron;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical group [Mn+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O CPSYWNLKRDURMG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical group S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018104 Ni-P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018536 Ni—P Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
- F16C33/4605—Details of interaction of cage and race, e.g. retention or centring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/46—Cages for rollers or needles
- F16C33/54—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
- F16C33/542—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
- F16C33/543—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part
- F16C33/546—Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part with a M- or W-shaped cross section
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/44—Needle bearings
- F16C19/46—Needle bearings with one row or needles
- F16C19/463—Needle bearings with one row or needles consisting of needle rollers held in a cage, i.e. subunit without race rings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
- F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、潤滑性に優れる摺動部材及び針状ころ軸受並びに金属の表面処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a sliding member, a needle roller bearing and a metal surface treatment method having excellent lubricity.
転がり軸受の軌道輪等の摺動部材は、軌道面に優れた潤滑性が要求されるので、潤滑性を向上させる表面処理が施される場合がある。例えば特許文献１には、リン酸マンガン処理のような、化学エッチングを伴う被膜形成処理を行って、金属の表面に潤滑性を付与する方法が開示されている。 Since a sliding member such as a bearing ring of a rolling bearing is required to have excellent lubricity on the raceway surface, surface treatment for improving lubricity may be performed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of imparting lubricity to a metal surface by performing a film forming process involving chemical etching, such as a manganese phosphate process.
しかしながら、リン酸マンガン処理は、軌道輪の軌道面に対して要求されるレベルの優れた表面粗さを実現しにくいため、軌道面に摩耗が生じやすく、摩擦もそれほど低くはないという問題があった。
また、車両等に搭載されている自動変速機には、一般的に針状ころ軸受を備える遊星歯車機構が用いられている。針状ころ軸受には細径のころが用いられ、内輪外径と外輪内径との差が小さい場合でも内輪外周面と外輪内周面との間の空間にころを収容することができることから、遊星歯車機構の遊星歯車を回転自在に支持する軸受として針状ころ軸受を用いることは、自動変速機のコンパクト化に寄与し、好ましいと言える。
However, manganese phosphate treatment is difficult to achieve the required level of surface roughness required for the raceway surface of the raceway, so there is a problem that the raceway surface is likely to be worn and the friction is not so low. It was.
In addition, planetary gear mechanisms having needle roller bearings are generally used for automatic transmissions mounted on vehicles and the like. Since a small diameter roller is used for the needle roller bearing, even when the difference between the inner ring outer diameter and the outer ring inner diameter is small, the roller can be accommodated in the space between the inner ring outer peripheral surface and the outer ring inner peripheral surface. It can be said that the use of a needle roller bearing as a bearing that rotatably supports the planetary gear of the planetary gear mechanism contributes to the compactness of the automatic transmission and is preferable.
この自動変速機は、近年、燃費の向上などを目的として多段化される傾向がある。しかしながら、現在は４速が主流である自動変速機を５速又は６速に多段化すると、動力を伝達する遊星歯車機構の遊星歯車の自転速度及び公転速度が増大するので、遊星歯車を回転自在に支持する針状ころ軸受は、保持器を用いない総ころと呼ばれる従来タイプではなく、より低摩擦性且つ高潤滑性である保持器付きタイプが用いられる場合が多い。 In recent years, this automatic transmission tends to be multi-staged for the purpose of improving fuel consumption. However, if the automatic transmission, which currently has the 4th speed as the mainstream, is increased to 5 or 6 speeds, the planetary gear mechanism's rotation speed and revolution speed of the planetary gear mechanism that transmits power will increase, so the planetary gears can rotate freely. In many cases, the needle roller bearings to be supported are not a conventional type called a full roller that does not use a cage, but a type with a cage having lower friction and higher lubricity.
遊星歯車機構において遊星歯車は自転しながら太陽歯車の周囲を公転するが、この際には、遊星歯車を回転自在に支持する針状ころ軸受も自転しながら太陽歯車の周囲を公転するので、公転による遠心力が針状ころ軸受に付与されることとなる。したがって、針状ころ軸受を保持器付きタイプとした場合には、公転による遠心力で保持器が外輪（遊星歯車）の内周面に押しつけられ、保持器と外輪の間で摺動が生じることとなる。このような摺動は、針状ころ軸受の引きずり抵抗を増大させるほか、早期摩耗や異常発熱、さらには保持器の変形、焼付きなどを招くおそれがある。
特許文献３には、ふっ素樹脂を分散させた無電解Ｎｉ被膜を表面に形成した金属製保持器を備えるスラストニードル軸受が開示されている。この無電解Ｎｉ被膜により、保持器ポケットの案内面との当たりによるころの局部摩耗が抑制される。
In the planetary gear mechanism, the planetary gear revolves around the sun gear while rotating, but at this time, the needle roller bearing that rotatably supports the planetary gear also revolves around the sun gear while revolving. The centrifugal force due to is applied to the needle roller bearing. Therefore, when the needle roller bearing is a type with a cage, the cage is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring (planetary gear) by centrifugal force due to revolution, and sliding occurs between the cage and the outer ring. It becomes. Such sliding increases the drag resistance of the needle roller bearing, and may cause premature wear and abnormal heat generation, as well as deformation and seizure of the cage.
Patent Document 3 discloses a thrust needle bearing including a metal cage on which an electroless Ni coating film in which a fluorine resin is dispersed is formed. By this electroless Ni coating, local wear of the roller due to contact with the guide surface of the cage pocket is suppressed.
しかしながら、ふっ素樹脂は低硬度で且つ油をはじきやすいことから、ふっ素樹脂を含有する無電解Ｎｉ被膜は、硬度が低く且つ潤滑油の保持能力が高くないという問題があった。そのため、さらなる高速化が求められている遊星歯車機構の針状ころ軸受に適用すると、前記被膜が摩滅し針状ころ軸受の耐久性に問題が生じるおそれがあった。
そこで、本発明は上記のような従来技術が有する問題点を解決し、潤滑性と表面粗さに優れる摺動部材、高速条件で使用されても耐久性に優れる針状ころ軸受、及び優れた潤滑性と表面粗さを付与する金属表面処理方法を提供することを課題とする。
However, since the fluororesin is low in hardness and easily repels oil, the electroless Ni coating containing the fluororesin has a problem that it has low hardness and does not have high lubricating oil retention capability. For this reason, when applied to a needle roller bearing of a planetary gear mechanism that is required to have a higher speed, there is a possibility that the coating is worn away and a problem occurs in the durability of the needle roller bearing.
Therefore, the present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above, a sliding member excellent in lubricity and surface roughness, a needle roller bearing excellent in durability even when used at high speed conditions, and an excellent It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal surface treatment method that imparts lubricity and surface roughness.
前記課題を解決するため、本発明の態様は、次のような構成からなる。すなわち、本発明の一態様に係る摺動部材は、相手部材との間で相対的な転がり接触又はすべり接触が生じる摺動面を備える金属製の摺動部材であって、前記摺動面には潤滑被膜が被覆されており、前記潤滑被膜は、母材の表面上に形成されリン酸塩を含有するリン酸塩被膜と、前記リン酸塩被膜上に形成され固体潤滑剤を含有する固体潤滑被膜と、を備えることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problems, an aspect of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the sliding member according to one aspect of the present invention is a metal sliding member having a sliding surface that causes a relative rolling contact or sliding contact with a counterpart member, Is coated with a lubricating coating, the lubricating coating being formed on a surface of a base material and containing a phosphate coating, and a solid containing a solid lubricant formed on the phosphate coating. And a lubricating coating.
この摺動部材においては、前記リン酸塩はリン酸マンガンであることが好ましい。また、前記固体潤滑剤は二硫化モリブデンであることが好ましい。さらに、前記潤滑被膜の膜厚は０．１μｍ以上１０μｍ以下であることが好ましい。さらに、前記潤滑被膜の表面粗さＲａを０．０１μｍ以上１．０μｍ以下とすることができる。
さらに、この摺動部材は、遊星歯車機構の遊星歯車を回転自在に支持する針状ころ軸受に備えられる外輪案内方式の保持器であってもよく、軸方向に延びる複数の柱で２つの環状部材が連結された略円筒状の部材であり、前記柱同士の間に形成されるポケット内に針状ころを保持するようになっており、外周面に前記潤滑被膜が被覆されていてもよい。
In this sliding member, the phosphate is preferably manganese phosphate. The solid lubricant is preferably molybdenum disulfide. Furthermore, the thickness of the lubricating coating is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. Furthermore, the surface roughness Ra of the lubricating coating can be 0.01 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less.
Further, the sliding member may be an outer ring guide type cage provided in a needle roller bearing that rotatably supports the planetary gear of the planetary gear mechanism, and includes two annular columns extending in the axial direction. It is a substantially cylindrical member to which the members are connected. The needle roller is held in a pocket formed between the columns, and the outer peripheral surface may be coated with the lubricating coating. .
さらに、本発明の他の態様に係る針状ころ軸受は、内輪と、外輪と、前記内輪及び前記外輪の間に転動自在に配された針状ころと、を備えるとともに、前記外輪案内方式の保持器を備えることを特徴とする。
さらに、本発明の他の態様に係る金属表面処理方法は、金属の表面にリン酸塩を含有するリン酸塩被膜を形成する第一工程と、固体潤滑剤を投射材とするショットピーニングにより前記リン酸塩被膜上に前記固体潤滑剤を含有する固体潤滑被膜を積層する第二工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。
この金属表面処理方法においては、前記リン酸塩はリン酸マンガンであることが好ましい。また、前記固体潤滑剤は二硫化モリブデンであることが好ましい。
Furthermore, a needle roller bearing according to another aspect of the present invention includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and needle rollers that are arranged so as to be able to roll between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the outer ring guide system. It is characterized by comprising a cage.
Furthermore, the metal surface treatment method according to another aspect of the present invention includes the first step of forming a phosphate coating containing a phosphate on the surface of the metal, and the shot peening using a solid lubricant as a projection material. And a second step of laminating a solid lubricant film containing the solid lubricant on the phosphate film.
In this metal surface treatment method, the phosphate is preferably manganese phosphate. The solid lubricant is preferably molybdenum disulfide.
本発明の摺動部材は、リン酸塩被膜上に固体潤滑被膜が形成された潤滑被膜を備えているので、潤滑性と表面粗さに優れる。
また、本発明の針状ころ軸受は、前記潤滑被膜を備える保持器を有しているので、高速条件で使用されても耐久性に優れる。
さらに、本発明の金属表面処理方法は、金属の表面にリン酸塩被膜を形成する第一工程と、固体潤滑剤を投射材とするショットピーニングによりリン酸塩被膜上に固体潤滑被膜を積層する第二工程と、を備えているので、金属の表面に優れた潤滑性と表面粗さを付与することができる。
Since the sliding member of the present invention includes a lubricating coating in which a solid lubricating coating is formed on a phosphate coating, the sliding member is excellent in lubricity and surface roughness.
Moreover, since the needle roller bearing of this invention has a cage | basket provided with the said lubricating film, it is excellent in durability even if it uses it on high speed conditions.
Furthermore, in the metal surface treatment method of the present invention, the solid lubricant film is laminated on the phosphate film by the first step of forming a phosphate film on the metal surface and shot peening using a solid lubricant as a projection material. Therefore, it is possible to impart excellent lubricity and surface roughness to the metal surface.
本発明に係る摺動部材及び針状ころ軸受並びに金属表面処理方法の実施の形態を、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。図１は、摺動部材を製造するための金属表面処理方法の一例を示す模式的工程図である。
まず、鋼等の金属材料で構成された金属製部材１に、洗浄，脱脂等の前処理を施した。そして、前処理を施した金属製部材１の表面１ａにリン酸塩処理を施して、リン酸塩からなるリン酸塩被膜２を形成した（第一工程）。
Embodiments of a sliding member, a needle roller bearing, and a metal surface treatment method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic process diagram showing an example of a metal surface treatment method for manufacturing a sliding member.
First, pretreatment such as cleaning and degreasing was performed on the metal member 1 made of a metal material such as steel. And the phosphate process was given to the surface 1a of the metal member 1 which performed the pre-processing, and the phosphate coating 2 which consists of phosphates was formed (1st process).
リン酸塩処理の方法は特に限定されるものではないが、リン酸塩が溶解しているリン酸塩水溶液に金属製部材１を浸漬して、金属製部材１の表面１ａにリン酸塩被膜２を被覆する方法を採用することができる。
また、リン酸塩の種類は特に限定されるものではなく、リン酸マンガン、リン酸亜鉛、リン酸鉄、リン酸カルシウム等があげられるが、リン酸マンガンが特に好ましい。
The method of phosphating is not particularly limited, but the metal member 1 is immersed in a phosphate aqueous solution in which phosphate is dissolved, and a phosphate coating is applied to the surface 1a of the metal member 1 A method of coating 2 can be employed.
Moreover, the kind of phosphate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include manganese phosphate, zinc phosphate, iron phosphate, calcium phosphate and the like, and manganese phosphate is particularly preferable.
次に、リン酸塩被膜２が被覆されている金属製部材１に、固体潤滑剤を投射材とするショットピーニングを施して、リン酸塩被膜２上に固体潤滑剤からなる固体潤滑被膜３を積層した（第二工程）。これにより、リン酸塩被膜２と固体潤滑被膜３からなる潤滑被膜４が、金属製部材１の表面１ａに被覆され、金属製部材１の表面１ａに優れた潤滑性が付与される。 Next, the metal member 1 coated with the phosphate coating 2 is subjected to shot peening using a solid lubricant as a projection material, and the solid lubricant coating 3 made of a solid lubricant is formed on the phosphate coating 2. Laminated (second step). Thereby, the lubricating film 4 which consists of the phosphate film 2 and the solid lubricating film 3 is coat | covered by the surface 1a of the metal members 1, and the lubricity excellent in the surface 1a of the metal members 1 is provided.
リン酸塩処理が施された表面１ａ（リン酸塩被膜２）は、潤滑性は優れているものの、リン酸塩処理により表面１ａに微小な凹部が形成されるため、転がり軸受の軌道面として使用されるには表面粗さが不十分であり、摩耗が生じやすく、摩擦もそれほど低くはない。しかしながら、その上に固体潤滑剤を投射材とするショットピーニングが施されるので、リン酸塩処理により形成された凹部内に固体潤滑剤が充填されつつ固体潤滑被膜３が被覆される。その結果、潤滑性がより向上するとともに表面粗さが改善し、転がり軸受の軌道面として使用されるに十分な表面粗さとなる。よって、潤滑性と表面粗さに優れる金属製部材１が得られ、金属製部材１を転がり軸受の軌道輪として使用しても、焼付き、かじり等の表面損傷が生じにくい。 Although the surface 1a (phosphate coating 2) subjected to the phosphate treatment is excellent in lubricity, a minute concave portion is formed in the surface 1a by the phosphate treatment, so that the raceway surface of the rolling bearing is used. Insufficient surface roughness to be used, wear is likely, and friction is not so low. However, since shot peening using a solid lubricant as a projection material is performed thereon, the solid lubricant film 3 is coated while filling the recess formed by the phosphate treatment with the solid lubricant. As a result, the lubricity is further improved, the surface roughness is improved, and the surface roughness is sufficient to be used as the raceway surface of the rolling bearing. Therefore, the metal member 1 excellent in lubricity and surface roughness can be obtained, and even if the metal member 1 is used as a bearing ring of a rolling bearing, surface damage such as seizure and galling is unlikely to occur.
潤滑被膜４の最表面の表面粗さＲａは、０．０１μｍ以上１．０μｍ以下であることが好ましい。表面粗さＲａが０．０１μｍ以上であれば、潤滑被膜４の最表面に油溜まりが形成されやすいので、潤滑被膜４上の油膜が切れにくい。一方、１．０μｍ以下であれば、潤滑被膜４の最表面の凹凸により相手部材との固体接触が生じにくいので、潤滑性が良好となる。 The surface roughness Ra of the outermost surface of the lubricating coating 4 is preferably 0.01 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. If the surface roughness Ra is 0.01 μm or more, an oil reservoir is likely to be formed on the outermost surface of the lubricating coating 4, so that the oil film on the lubricating coating 4 is difficult to break. On the other hand, if it is 1.0 μm or less, solid contact with the mating member hardly occurs due to the unevenness of the outermost surface of the lubricating coating 4, so that the lubricity is good.
ショットピーニングの方法は特に限定されるものではなく、慣用の方法を採用することが可能である。また、固体潤滑剤の種類は特に限定されるものではなく、二硫化モリブデン、黒鉛、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等があげられるが、二硫化モリブデンが特に好ましい。
さらに、潤滑被膜４の膜厚は０．１μｍ以上１０μｍ以下であることが好ましい。膜厚が０．１μｍ以上であれば、摩耗が生じにくい。一方、１０μｍ以下であれば潤滑被膜４の脱落が生じにくいので、脱落した潤滑被膜４が異物として働き潤滑不良の原因となることが避けやすくなる。
The method of shot peening is not particularly limited, and a conventional method can be adopted. The type of solid lubricant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include molybdenum disulfide, graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like, and molybdenum disulfide is particularly preferable.
Furthermore, the thickness of the lubricating coating 4 is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less. If the film thickness is 0.1 μm or more, abrasion is difficult to occur. On the other hand, if the thickness is 10 μm or less, the lubricant film 4 is unlikely to fall off, and thus it is easy to avoid that the lubricant film 4 that has fallen off acts as a foreign substance and causes poor lubrication.
上記のような金属表面処理が施された金属製部材１は、リン酸塩被膜２上に固体潤滑被膜３が形成された潤滑被膜４を備えているので、潤滑性と表面粗さに優れる。よって、相手部材との間で相対的な転がり接触又はすべり接触が生じる摺動面を備える摺動部材として、好適に使用することができる。摺動部材の摺動面に上記のような金属表面処理を施せば、潤滑性と表面粗さに優れた摺動面を備える摺動部材が得られる。 Since the metal member 1 subjected to the metal surface treatment as described above includes the lubricating coating 4 in which the solid lubricating coating 3 is formed on the phosphate coating 2, it is excellent in lubricity and surface roughness. Therefore, it can be suitably used as a sliding member having a sliding surface that causes relative rolling contact or sliding contact with the counterpart member. By subjecting the sliding surface of the sliding member to the metal surface treatment as described above, a sliding member having a sliding surface excellent in lubricity and surface roughness can be obtained.
摺動部材の例としては、転がり軸受の軌道輪（内輪，外輪）、転動体、及び保持器があげられる。軌道輪と転動体とは相互に転がり接触又はすべり接触し、軌道輪の軌道面及び転動体の転動面が摺動面に相当するので、軌道面や転動面に潤滑被膜４を形成することが好ましい。また、保持器の表面のうち軌道輪，転動体と接触する部分も摺動面に相当するので、この部分に潤滑被膜４を形成してもよい。 Examples of the sliding member include a bearing ring (inner ring, outer ring), a rolling element, and a cage of a rolling bearing. Since the raceway and the rolling element are in rolling contact or sliding contact with each other, and the raceway surface of the raceway and the rolling surface of the rolling element correspond to a sliding surface, the lubricating film 4 is formed on the raceway surface and the rolling surface. It is preferable. Moreover, since the part which contacts a bearing ring and a rolling element among the surfaces of a cage | basket also corresponds to a sliding surface, you may form the lubricating film 4 in this part.
本発明を適用可能な転がり軸受の種類は特に限定されるものではなく、本発明は様々な種類の転がり軸受に対して適用することができる。例えば、深溝玉軸受，アンギュラ玉軸受，自動調心玉軸受，針状ころ軸受，円筒ころ軸受，円すいころ軸受，自動調心ころ軸受等のラジアル形の転がり軸受や、スラスト玉軸受，スラストころ軸受等のスラスト形の転がり軸受である。
さらに、摺動部材の例として、ボールねじのねじ軸、ナット、ボールや、直動案内装置の案内レール、スライダ、転動体をあげることができる。これらの部材の軌道面及び転動面が摺動面に相当するので、軌道面や転動面に潤滑被膜４を形成することが好ましい。
The type of rolling bearing to which the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, and the present invention can be applied to various types of rolling bearings. For example, radial rolling bearings such as deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, needle roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, self-aligning roller bearings, thrust ball bearings, thrust roller bearings This is a thrust type rolling bearing.
Furthermore, examples of the sliding member include a screw shaft of a ball screw, a nut, a ball, a guide rail of a linear motion guide device, a slider, and a rolling element. Since the raceway surface and rolling surface of these members correspond to the sliding surface, it is preferable to form the lubricating coating 4 on the raceway surface and the rolling surface.
以下に、摺動部材の一例である保持器を備える針状ころ軸受について、図２，３を参照しながら具体的に説明する。図２は、針状ころ軸受が組み込まれた遊星歯車機構の一部分を示す断面図であり、図３は、針状ころ軸受に組み込まれた保持器の斜視図である。 Hereinafter, a needle roller bearing including a cage, which is an example of a sliding member, will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a part of the planetary gear mechanism in which the needle roller bearing is incorporated, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cage incorporated in the needle roller bearing.
遊星歯車機構は、図示しない太陽歯車と、太陽歯車に噛み合い太陽歯車の周囲を公転する複数の遊星歯車２２と、太陽歯車と同心に配され遊星歯車２２を回転自在に支持するキャリヤ２４と、を備えている。遊星歯車２２の中心には軸方向に貫通する穴が形成されており、この中心穴に、キャリヤ２４に固定されたピニオンシャフト２６が挿通されている。遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａとピニオンシャフト２６の外周面２６ａとの間には、複数の針状ころ１１が保持器１２に保持されつつ転動自在に配されていて、遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａとピニオンシャフト２６の外周面２６ａと針状ころ１１とにより、針状ころ軸受２０が構成されている。そして、この針状ころ軸受２０により、遊星歯車２２がピニオンシャフト２６を軸として回転自在とされている。 The planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear (not shown), a plurality of planetary gears 22 that mesh with the sun gear and revolve around the sun gear, and a carrier 24 that is arranged concentrically with the sun gear and rotatably supports the planetary gear 22. I have. A hole penetrating in the axial direction is formed at the center of the planetary gear 22, and a pinion shaft 26 fixed to the carrier 24 is inserted through the center hole. Between the inner peripheral surface 22a of the center hole of the planetary gear 22 and the outer peripheral surface 26a of the pinion shaft 26, a plurality of needle rollers 11 are arranged so as to roll while being held by the cage 12, and the planetary gear is arranged. The needle roller bearing 20 is configured by the inner peripheral surface 22 a of the center hole 22, the outer peripheral surface 26 a of the pinion shaft 26, and the needle rollers 11. The needle roller bearing 20 allows the planetary gear 22 to rotate about the pinion shaft 26.
なお、遊星歯車２２が針状ころ軸受２０の外輪に相当し、ピニオンシャフト２６が針状ころ軸受２０の内輪に相当する。また、キャリヤ２４と遊星歯車２２との間には、ワッシャ２８が配置されている。さらに、ピニオンシャフト２６には、針状ころ１１と摺動する摺動面（転走面）に潤滑油を供給するための給油路が設けてある。給油路は、ピニオンシャフト２６の径方向中心部分を軸方向に延び軸方向両端面のうち一方のみに開口する中心孔２６ｂと、中心孔２６ｂから分岐して径方向中心部分から径方向外方に延びピニオンシャフト２６の外周面２６ａに開口する分岐孔２６ｃと、からなる。 The planetary gear 22 corresponds to the outer ring of the needle roller bearing 20, and the pinion shaft 26 corresponds to the inner ring of the needle roller bearing 20. A washer 28 is disposed between the carrier 24 and the planetary gear 22. Further, the pinion shaft 26 is provided with an oil supply passage for supplying lubricating oil to a sliding surface (rolling surface) that slides with the needle roller 11. The oil supply path includes a center hole 26b extending in the axial direction at the center portion in the radial direction of the pinion shaft 26 and opening to only one of both end surfaces in the axial direction. And a branch hole 26 c that opens to the outer peripheral surface 26 a of the extended pinion shaft 26.
中心孔２６ｂの開口部から導入された潤滑油は、中心孔２６ｂ内を通って分岐孔２６ｃに至り、外周面２６ａの軸方向略中央に位置する開口部から吐出されるようになっている。吐出された潤滑油は、摺動するピニオンシャフト２６の外周面２６ａと針状ころ１１との潤滑に供される。すなわち、中心孔２６ｂの開口部は、中心孔２６ｂ内に潤滑油を導入する潤滑油導入口として機能し、分岐孔２６ｃの開口部は、中心孔２６ｂ内の潤滑油を吐出する潤滑油吐出口として機能する。 The lubricating oil introduced from the opening of the center hole 26b passes through the center hole 26b, reaches the branch hole 26c, and is discharged from the opening located substantially at the center in the axial direction of the outer peripheral surface 26a. The discharged lubricating oil is used for lubricating the outer peripheral surface 26 a of the sliding pinion shaft 26 and the needle rollers 11. That is, the opening of the center hole 26b functions as a lubricant introduction port for introducing the lubricant into the center hole 26b, and the opening of the branch hole 26c is a lubricant discharge port for discharging the lubricant in the center hole 26b. Function as.
次に、保持器１２について詳細に説明する。保持器１２の種類、形状については特に限定されるものではないが、図２，３の保持器１２は、対向する２つの環状部材１２ａが軸方向に延びる複数の柱１２ｂで連結された略円筒状の部材であり、隣接する柱１２ｂ同士の間に形成されるポケット内に針状ころ１１が保持されるようになっている。
各柱部１２ｂは、その軸方向中央部に小径な（すなわち、保持器１２の中心軸線に近接した）小径部１２ｃを有しており、各柱部１２ｂの軸方向両端部と環状部１２ａとは小径部１２ｃよりも大径となっている。このような形状の保持器１２をＭ型保持器と呼ぶ。
Next, the cage 12 will be described in detail. The type and shape of the cage 12 are not particularly limited, but the cage 12 in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a substantially cylindrical shape in which two annular members 12a facing each other are connected by a plurality of columns 12b extending in the axial direction. The needle rollers 11 are held in pockets formed between adjacent columns 12b.
Each column portion 12b has a small-diameter portion 12c having a small diameter (that is, close to the central axis of the cage 12) at the axial center portion thereof, and both end portions in the axial direction of each column portion 12b and the annular portion 12a. Has a larger diameter than the small diameter portion 12c. The cage 12 having such a shape is referred to as an M-type cage.
Ｍ型保持器の製造方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば以下の方法により製造することができる。まず、１枚の長方形状の板材をパンチして、複数の略長方形状開口を板材の長手方向に沿って一列に並べてあけることにより、柱部１２ｂを形成する。これらの略長方形状開口は、互いに平行をなし、その長辺が板材の長手方向に直交するように形成する。次に、柱部１２ｂの軸方向中央部を変形させて小径部１２ｃを形成する。そして、略長方形状開口があけられた板材を丸めて、その長手方向両端を溶接等により接合すると、略円筒状のＭ型保持器が得られる。 The manufacturing method of the M-type cage is not particularly limited, but for example, it can be manufactured by the following method. First, one rectangular plate material is punched, and a plurality of substantially rectangular openings are arranged in a line along the longitudinal direction of the plate material to form the column portion 12b. These substantially rectangular openings are formed so as to be parallel to each other and their long sides are orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the plate material. Next, the small-diameter portion 12c is formed by deforming the central portion in the axial direction of the column portion 12b. And if the board | plate material by which the substantially rectangular opening was opened is rounded and the both ends of the longitudinal direction are joined by welding etc., a substantially cylindrical M-shaped holder will be obtained.
この保持器１２は、遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａ（保持器案内面）によって案内される外輪案内方式の保持器である。詳述すると、針状ころ軸受２０の外輪に相当する遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａのうち軌道面以外の部分の軸方向両端部が保持器案内面となっており、保持器１２の径方向の動きが遊星歯車２２によって規制される。そして、保持器１２の大径な部分の外周面（図２においてダブルハッチングを付してある部分）が、遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａと摺接し案内される被案内面１２ｄとなっている。 The cage 12 is an outer ring guide type cage that is guided by an inner peripheral surface 22 a (a cage guide surface) of the center hole of the planetary gear 22. More specifically, both axial ends of the inner peripheral surface 22a of the center hole of the planetary gear 22 corresponding to the outer ring of the needle roller bearing 20 other than the raceway surface serve as cage guide surfaces. Is controlled by the planetary gear 22. And the outer peripheral surface (the part which attached | subjected the double hatching in FIG. 2) of the large diameter part of the holder | retainer 12 and the guided surface 12d slidably contacted and guided with the inner peripheral surface 22a of the center hole of the planetary gear 22; It has become.
被案内面１２ｄは遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａと摺接するので、前述と同様の構成のリン酸塩被膜と固体潤滑被膜からなる潤滑被膜（図示せず）が被覆されている。この潤滑被膜によって被案内面１２ｄは潤滑性と表面粗さに優れるとともに、リン酸塩処理により被案内面１２ｄに形成された凹部が油溜まりとして機能する。
遊星歯車機構の駆動時には、公転による遠心力で保持器１２が遊星歯車２２の中心穴の内周面２２ａに押しつけられ、保持器１２と遊星歯車２２の間で摺動が生じることとなるが、保持器１２の被案内面１２ｄに潤滑被膜が被覆されているため、遊星歯車機構（針状ころ軸受２０）が高速条件や高負荷条件で使用されても、焼付き、かじり等の表面損傷が抑制され耐久性に優れる。
Since the guided surface 12d is in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface 22a of the center hole of the planetary gear 22, a lubricating coating (not shown) made of a phosphate coating and a solid lubricating coating having the same configuration as described above is coated. Due to this lubricating coating, the guided surface 12d is excellent in lubricity and surface roughness, and the recess formed in the guided surface 12d by the phosphate treatment functions as an oil reservoir.
At the time of driving the planetary gear mechanism, the cage 12 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface 22a of the center hole of the planetary gear 22 by centrifugal force due to revolution, and sliding occurs between the cage 12 and the planetary gear 22. Since the guided surface 12d of the cage 12 is coated with a lubricating coating, even if the planetary gear mechanism (needle roller bearing 20) is used under high speed conditions or high load conditions, surface damage such as seizure and galling is caused. Suppressed and excellent in durability.
また、リン酸塩被膜と固体潤滑被膜からなる潤滑被膜は、特許文献３に開示の無電解Ｎｉ被膜と比べて高硬度であり摩滅しにくいため、針状ころ軸受２０を長期間にわたって潤滑することができ、針状ころ軸受２０の耐久性に大きく寄与する。
なお、本発明は、外輪案内方式の保持器を備える針状ころ軸受に限らず、内輪案内方式、転動体案内方式の保持器を備える針状ころ軸受に適用することも可能である。
Further, since the lubricating coating composed of the phosphate coating and the solid lubricating coating has a higher hardness and is harder to wear than the electroless Ni coating disclosed in Patent Document 3, the needle roller bearing 20 is lubricated for a long period of time. This greatly contributes to the durability of the needle roller bearing 20.
The present invention is not limited to the needle roller bearing having the outer ring guide type cage, but can be applied to the needle roller bearing having the inner ring guide type and rolling element guide type cage.
〔実施例〕
以下に実施例を示して、本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
〔金属表面処理方法の実施例〕
ＳＵＪ２製の平板に、潤滑被膜を被覆する表面処理を施した後に、潤滑被膜の膜厚及び表面粗さの測定、並びに、表面の元素分析を行った。
〔Example〕
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples.
[Example of metal surface treatment method]
After a SUJ2 flat plate was subjected to a surface treatment for coating the lubricating coating, the thickness and surface roughness of the lubricating coating and surface elemental analysis were performed.
実施例１の平板は、リン酸塩処理により母材の表面上にリン酸マンガンからなるリン酸塩被膜が形成され、そのリン酸塩被膜の上に二硫化モリブデン粉末のショットピーニングにより二硫化モリブデンからなる固体潤滑被膜が形成されたものである。比較例１の平板は、リン酸塩処理により母材の表面上にリン酸マンガンからなるリン酸塩被膜が形成されたものである。 In the flat plate of Example 1, a phosphate coating composed of manganese phosphate is formed on the surface of the base material by phosphating, and molybdenum disulfide by shot peening of molybdenum disulfide powder on the phosphate coating. A solid lubricating film made of is formed. The flat plate of Comparative Example 1 is obtained by forming a phosphate coating made of manganese phosphate on the surface of the base material by phosphating.
リン酸塩処理の手順及び条件は、以下の通りである。まず、平板をアセトン中で１０分間超音波洗浄した後に、７０℃で２分間アルカリ脱脂処理を行った。さらに、イオン交換水で洗浄した後に、４０℃の表面調整剤中で４０秒間前処理を行った。この表面調整剤としては、日本パーカライジング株式会社製のプレパレン５５Ａとプレパレン５５Ｂとを混合し懸濁させた懸濁液を用いた。そして、マンガンイオンが溶解しているリン酸水溶液（化成処理液）に平板を浸漬し、９５℃で１０分間化成処理を施した。
また、ショットピーニングはバレルを用いて行い、その条件は、圧力０．５ＭＰａ、処理時間１０分間である。
The procedure and conditions for the phosphate treatment are as follows. First, the flat plate was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning in acetone for 10 minutes, and then subjected to alkali degreasing treatment at 70 ° C. for 2 minutes. Furthermore, after washing with ion-exchanged water, a pretreatment was performed in a surface conditioner at 40 ° C. for 40 seconds. As this surface conditioner, a suspension obtained by mixing and suspending Preparene 55A and Preparene 55B manufactured by Nippon Parkerizing Co., Ltd. was used. And the flat plate was immersed in the phosphoric acid aqueous solution (chemical conversion liquid) in which the manganese ion is melt | dissolved, and the chemical conversion process was performed for 10 minutes at 95 degreeC.
Moreover, shot peening is performed using a barrel, and the conditions are a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a treatment time of 10 minutes.
結果を表１に示す。実施例１の平板に形成した潤滑被膜（リン酸塩被膜＋固体潤滑被膜）は、比較例１の平板に形成した潤滑被膜（リン酸塩被膜）よりも膜厚が大きく、表面が平滑であった。また、元素分析の結果、実施例１の平板に形成した潤滑被膜からは、その構成元素であるＯ、Ｍｎ、Ｐ、Ｍｏ、Ｓが検出され、比較例１の平板に形成した潤滑被膜からは、その構成元素であるＯ、Ｍｎ、Ｐが検出された。なお、使用した元素分析方法では、ＭｏとＳとの区別がつかないため、表１には両元素を合算した数値が示してある。 The results are shown in Table 1. The lubricating coating (phosphate coating + solid lubricating coating) formed on the flat plate of Example 1 was thicker and smoother than the lubricating coating (phosphate coating) formed on the flat plate of Comparative Example 1. It was. Further, as a result of elemental analysis, constituent elements O, Mn, P, Mo, and S were detected from the lubricating film formed on the flat plate of Example 1, and from the lubricating film formed on the flat plate of Comparative Example 1. The constituent elements O, Mn, and P were detected. In addition, since the elemental analysis method used cannot distinguish Mo and S, Table 1 shows numerical values obtained by adding both elements.
次に、回転型ボールオンディスク式摩擦試験機を用いて、実施例１及び比較例１の平板の摩擦係数と摩耗量を測定した。水平にした平板の上に直径３／８インチのＳＵＪ２製試験球を載置し、平板を押圧する方向の荷重９．８Ｎを負荷しながら試験球を転動させ、移動速度１ｍ／ｓで水平方向に１０ｍｍ移動させた。そして、このような水平移動を往復１５０００回行って、摩擦係数と摩耗量（摩耗体積）を測定した。結果を表２に示す。 Next, the friction coefficient and the wear amount of the flat plates of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were measured using a rotary ball-on-disk friction tester. A 3/8 inch diameter SUJ2 test sphere was placed on the leveled flat plate, and the test ball was rolled while applying a load of 9.8 N in the direction of pressing the flat plate, and horizontal at a moving speed of 1 m / s. It was moved 10 mm in the direction. And such a horizontal movement was performed 15000 times reciprocatingly, and the friction coefficient and the wear amount (wear volume) were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
なお、本摩擦試験においては、平板と試験球を無添加鉱油（ＶＧ３２）で潤滑した。また、表２に示す摩耗量の数値は、比較例１の平板の摩耗量を１とした場合の相対値で示してある。
表２から分かるように、実施例１の平板は、比較例１の平板と比べて摩擦係数が４０％程度低く、摩耗量が５０％少なかった。
In this friction test, the flat plate and the test ball were lubricated with additive mineral oil (VG32). Further, the numerical values of the wear amount shown in Table 2 are shown as relative values when the wear amount of the flat plate of Comparative Example 1 is 1.
As can be seen from Table 2, the flat plate of Example 1 had a friction coefficient lower by about 40% than the flat plate of Comparative Example 1, and the wear amount was 50% less.
〔保持器及び針状ころ軸受の実施例〕
前述の保持器１２と同一形状の外輪案内方式の保持器に各種表面処理を施し、前述の遊星歯車機構とほぼ同様の構成を有する図４のキャリア公転試験機に組み込んだ。実施例１１の保持器に施した表面処理は、リン酸マンガンからなるリン酸塩被膜を形成した後に、そのリン酸塩被膜の上に二硫化モリブデン粉末のショットピーニングにより二硫化モリブデンからなる固体潤滑被膜を形成するというものである。リン酸塩被膜の膜厚は５μｍで、表面粗さはＲａ０．９μｍである。また、ショットピーニングの条件は、圧力０．５ＭＰａ、処理時間１０分間である。
[Examples of cage and needle roller bearing]
Various types of surface treatment were applied to the outer ring guide type retainer having the same shape as the retainer 12 described above, and it was incorporated into the carrier revolution tester of FIG. 4 having the same configuration as the planetary gear mechanism described above. In the surface treatment applied to the cage of Example 11, after forming a phosphate coating composed of manganese phosphate, solid lubrication composed of molybdenum disulfide by shot peening of molybdenum disulfide powder on the phosphate coating. A film is formed. The thickness of the phosphate coating is 5 μm, and the surface roughness is Ra 0.9 μm. The conditions for shot peening are a pressure of 0.5 MPa and a processing time of 10 minutes.
比較例１１の保持器に施した表面処理は、実施例１１と同様のリン酸塩被膜のみを形成するというものである。また、比較例１２の保持器に施した表面処理は、無電解メッキによりＮｉ−Ｐ被膜を形成するというものである。
これらの保持器を組み込んだキャリア公転試験機を下記の条件で２００時間運転し、運転終了後の保持器の外周面（被案内面）を観察した結果から、かじり及び被膜剥離の有無を判定し、運転終了後の遊星歯車の中心穴の内周面（保持器案内面）を非接触形状測定器で形状測定した結果から、形状崩れの有無を判定した。なお、試験は、各保持器についてそれぞれ６個ずつ行った。
The surface treatment applied to the cage of Comparative Example 11 is to form only the same phosphate coating as in Example 11. The surface treatment applied to the cage of Comparative Example 12 is to form a Ni-P film by electroless plating.
The carrier revolution test machine incorporating these cages is operated for 200 hours under the following conditions, and the result of observing the outer peripheral surface (guided surface) of the cage after the operation is determined is determined whether there is any galling or film peeling. From the result of measuring the shape of the inner peripheral surface (cage guide surface) of the center hole of the planetary gear after the operation with a non-contact shape measuring device, the presence or absence of shape collapse was determined. Note that six tests were performed for each cage.
キャリアの公転速度：７６００ｍｉｎ-1
遊星歯車の自転速度：９３００ｍｉｎ-1
潤滑油の種類 ：自動変速機油（ＡＴＦ：Automatic Transmission Fluid）
潤滑油の供給量 ：０．０３Ｌ／ｍｉｎ
潤滑油の温度 ：１２０℃
Revolution speed of carrier: 7600min -1
Rotational speed of planetary gear: 9300 min -1
Lubricating oil type: Automatic transmission fluid (ATF)
Lubricating oil supply amount: 0.03 L / min
Lubricating oil temperature: 120 ° C
各保持器の外周面（被案内面）を観察した結果、実施例１１の保持器は、６個全てについてかじりは発生しておらず、また被膜剥離もなかった。これに対して、比較例１１の保持器は、２個についてはかじり及び被膜剥離は発生していなかったものの、４個についてかじりが発生し、被膜は完全に剥離していた。また、比較例１２の保持器は、６個全てについて、軽微なかじりが発生し、被膜は完全に剥離していた。 As a result of observing the outer peripheral surface (guided surface) of each cage, no galling occurred in any of the 6 cages of Example 11, and there was no coating peeling. In contrast, in the cage of Comparative Example 11, although galling and film peeling did not occur in two, galling occurred in four, and the film was completely peeled off. Further, in all the six cages of Comparative Example 12, slight galling occurred and the coating was completely peeled off.
次に、遊星歯車の中心穴の内周面（保持器案内面）を非接触形状測定器で形状測定した結果、実施例１１の保持器は、６個全てについて形状崩れはなかった。これに対して、比較例１１の保持器は、２個については形状崩れはなかったものの、４個について形状崩れがあった。また、比較例１２の保持器は、６個全てについて形状崩れがあった。
また、比較例１１，１２の保持器の外周面（被案内面）を非接触形状測定器で形状測定した結果を図５，６に示す。比較例１１，１２いずれにおいても、試験後の保持器の外周面には被膜は残っておらず、表面粗さはＲａ０．０１μｍ程度であった。試験前の表面粗さはいずれも大きかったので、相手面である遊星歯車の中心穴の内周面との接触により、摩耗して平滑になったと考えられる。
Next, as a result of measuring the shape of the inner peripheral surface (cage guide surface) of the center hole of the planetary gear with a non-contact shape measuring device, the shape of all the six cages of Example 11 was not broken. On the other hand, the cage of Comparative Example 11 did not collapse in shape for 2 pieces, but collapsed in shape for 4 pieces. Moreover, the shape of the cage of Comparative Example 12 was lost for all six.
Moreover, the result of having measured the outer peripheral surface (guided surface) of the holder | retainer of the comparative examples 11 and 12 with the non-contact shape measuring device is shown to FIG. In any of Comparative Examples 11 and 12, no coating remained on the outer peripheral surface of the cage after the test, and the surface roughness was about Ra 0.01 μm. Since the surface roughness before the test was large, it is considered that the surface was worn and smoothed by contact with the inner peripheral surface of the center hole of the planetary gear as the mating surface.
１ 金属製部材
１ａ 表面
２ リン酸塩被膜
３ 固体潤滑被膜
４ 潤滑被膜
１１ 針状ころ
１２ 保持器
１２ａ 環状部材
１２ｂ 柱
１２ｄ 被案内面
２０ 針状ころ軸受
２２ 遊星歯車
２６ ピニオンシャフト
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal member 1a Surface 2 Phosphate coating 3 Solid lubrication coating 4 Lubrication coating 11 Needle roller 12 Cage 12a Annular member 12b Column 12d Guided surface 20 Needle roller bearing 22 Planetary gear 26 Pinion shaft
Claims (10)
前記摺動面には潤滑被膜が被覆されており、前記潤滑被膜は、母材の表面上に形成されリン酸塩を含有するリン酸塩被膜と、前記リン酸塩被膜上に形成され固体潤滑剤を含有する固体潤滑被膜と、を備えることを特徴とする摺動部材。 A metal sliding member provided with a sliding surface that causes relative rolling contact or sliding contact with a mating member,
The sliding surface is coated with a lubricating coating, and the lubricating coating is formed on the surface of a base material and includes a phosphate coating containing phosphate, and a solid lubricant formed on the phosphate coating. And a solid lubricant film containing an agent.
軸方向に延びる複数の柱で２つの環状部材が連結された略円筒状の部材であり、前記柱同士の間に形成されるポケット内に針状ころを保持するようになっており、外周面に前記潤滑被膜が被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項１〜５のいずれか一項に記載の摺動部材。 An outer ring guide type cage provided in a needle roller bearing that rotatably supports a planetary gear of a planetary gear mechanism,
A substantially cylindrical member in which two annular members are connected by a plurality of pillars extending in the axial direction, and the needle rollers are held in a pocket formed between the pillars. The sliding member according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating coating is coated on the sliding member.
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