JP2013192982A - Filter - Google Patents
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- JP2013192982A JP2013192982A JP2012059681A JP2012059681A JP2013192982A JP 2013192982 A JP2013192982 A JP 2013192982A JP 2012059681 A JP2012059681 A JP 2012059681A JP 2012059681 A JP2012059681 A JP 2012059681A JP 2013192982 A JP2013192982 A JP 2013192982A
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、例えば、生活排水（廃水）や工業排水（廃水）などの被処理液に含まれている懸濁物質を分離除去する際に、浮上性粒状ろ材を用いてろ材層を形成するろ過装置の改良に関する。 This invention, for example, when separating and removing suspended substances contained in liquids to be treated such as domestic wastewater (waste water) and industrial wastewater (waste water), filtration that forms a filter medium layer using a floating granular filter medium It relates to the improvement of the apparatus.
従来から浮上性の粒状ろ材でろ材層を構成したろ過装置が固液分離や生物処理装置に多く使用されており、下部から被処理液を供給し、浮上性の粒状ろ材中を通過させて、上部に設けた集水ノズルから処理液を取出すようなろ過装置は公知である。
しかし上記のようなろ過装置では、被処理液中の懸濁物質を、主にろ材層の表面で捕捉する表層ろ過となり、ろ材層の表面に捕捉した懸濁物質が蓄積し、ろ材層全体を有効に利用していない状態でもろ材層に目詰まりが生じ、短時間でろ過圧力が上昇するため、頻繁にろ材の洗浄が必要となる。ろ材層の通水路（隣接するろ材同士の間隙）が狭い場合、ろ材層のバランスが悪くなり表層ろ過が起こりやすい。
Conventionally, filtration devices that have a filter medium layer made up of floatable granular filter media have been used in many cases for solid-liquid separation and biological treatment devices, supplying the liquid to be treated from the bottom, and passing through the floatable granular filter media, Filtration apparatuses that take out the treatment liquid from a water collection nozzle provided at the top are known.
However, in the filtration apparatus as described above, the suspension material in the liquid to be treated is subjected to surface layer filtration mainly capturing on the surface of the filter medium layer, and the suspended substance trapped on the surface of the filter medium layer is accumulated, and the entire filter medium layer is collected. Even when the filter medium is not effectively used, the filter medium layer is clogged, and the filtration pressure rises in a short time. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently wash the filter medium. When the water passage of the filter medium layer (the gap between adjacent filter media) is narrow, the balance of the filter medium layer becomes poor and surface layer filtration tends to occur.
対して、被処理液中の懸濁物質を、ろ材層の表面だけでなく、ろ材層内部でも捕捉する深層ろ過は、ろ材層のろ過圧力が増大しにくく、１サイクル当りの固形分捕捉量が多い。懸濁物質が通過可能な通水路をろ材層内部まで形成している場合、ろ材層全体を有効に利用できることになる。そこで、空隙率の高い円筒形状のろ材を用いて深層ろ過を行う技術が、特許文献１において提案されている。
また、２種類の粒径の異なるろ材（粒径ａと粒径３〜５ａ）を適量混ぜ合わせてろ材層を形成することにより、ろ材間の間隙を調整し、ろ過圧力をあまり増大せず、ろ過能力を長時間維持させることができるろ過方法が特許文献２において提案されている。
On the other hand, the depth filtration that traps suspended substances in the liquid to be treated not only on the surface of the filter medium layer but also inside the filter medium layer makes it difficult for the filtration pressure of the filter medium layer to increase, and the solid content capture amount per cycle is high. Many. When the water passage through which the suspended substance can pass is formed up to the inside of the filter medium layer, the entire filter medium layer can be used effectively. Therefore, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique for performing depth filtration using a cylindrical filter medium having a high porosity.
Moreover, by mixing a suitable amount of two kinds of filter media having different particle sizes (particle size a and particle sizes 3 to 5a) to form a filter medium layer, the gap between the filter media is adjusted, and the filtration pressure is not increased so much.
通常、粒状ろ材で構成したろ材層で、懸濁物質を大量に捕捉する清澄ろ過を行う場合、ろ材間の間隙で懸濁物質を捕捉するため、ろ材層を構成するろ材間の間隙を小さくする。この場合、懸濁物質をろ材層表面付近のろ材で大量に補足する表層ろ過となり、早期に目詰まりし、ろ過圧力が上昇してしまう。所定のろ過圧力あるいは所定のろ過継続時間に基づいて洗浄工程に移行するろ過装置では、ろ材層の最深部まで有効にろ過作用を利用できないため、懸濁物質の捕捉量に対して洗浄工程が増加し、処理量が減少する。さらに、被処理液に合わせてろ材間の間隙を調整しなければいけないため、適切な粒径のろ材を選定することや、被処理液の流入圧によりろ材層の圧密度を調整する必要がある。 Normally, when performing clarification filtration that captures a large amount of suspended solids with a filter medium layer composed of granular filter media, the suspended material is captured in the gaps between the filter media, so the gap between the filter media constituting the filter media layer is reduced. . In this case, it becomes surface layer filtration which supplements a large amount of suspended solids with the filter medium near the surface of the filter medium layer, and it is clogged early and the filtration pressure increases. A filtration device that moves to a washing process based on a given filtration pressure or a given filtration duration cannot effectively use the filtration action up to the deepest part of the filter medium layer, so the washing process increases with respect to the amount of suspended matter trapped. However, the processing amount decreases. Furthermore, since the gap between the filter media must be adjusted according to the liquid to be treated, it is necessary to select a filter medium having an appropriate particle size and to adjust the pressure density of the filter media layer by the inflow pressure of the liquid to be treated. .
この発明に係るろ過装置は、浮上性粒状ろ材で構成したろ材層に、下方から上方へ被処理液を通過させてろ過処理を行うろ過装置において、被処理液中の懸濁物質が通過する通水助材をろ材層に混在させることで、ろ材層表面だけでなくろ材層の内部を有効にろ過作用に利用することができる。 The filtration apparatus according to the present invention is a filtration apparatus that performs filtration by passing a liquid to be treated from below to above through a filter medium layer composed of a floating particulate filter medium. By mixing the water auxiliary material in the filter medium layer, not only the surface of the filter medium layer but also the inside of the filter medium layer can be effectively used for the filtering action.
具体的には、前記通水助材は、懸濁物質が常時通水助材内部を容易に通過できる空隙を有するので、通水助材を介して容易にろ材層内部まで被処理液を通水させることができる。
また、前記通水助材を繊維で形成すると、懸濁物質は常時通水助材内部を容易に通過できるので、被処理液を適度にろ材層内部へ流入させ、ろ材層全体を用いた深層ろ過ができる。
Specifically, the water flow aid has a gap through which suspended substances can always easily pass through the water flow aid, so that the liquid to be treated can easily pass through the water flow aid to the inside of the filter medium layer. Can be watered.
Further, when the water passage aid is formed of fibers, the suspended substance can always easily pass through the inside of the water passage aid, so that the liquid to be treated is appropriately flown into the filter medium layer, and a deep layer using the entire filter medium layer. Can be filtered.
通水助材をろ材層に均等に混在させれば、懸濁物質を含む被処理液を適度にろ材層内部へ流入させ、ろ材層全体を用いた深層ろ過ができる。通水助材の比重をろ材より大きくすれば、ろ材層の上流側表層に通水助材を多く混在させることができ、表層付近での目詰まりが発生し難く、早期目詰まりや、それによるろ過圧力の上昇を防止できる。したがって積極的にろ材層内部に被処理液を流入させ、ろ材層全体を用いた深層ろ過ができる。
また、ろ材と通水助材の混合比率を９．５〜７．０：０．５〜３．０とすると安定的に深層ろ過を行うことができる。
If the water passage aid is mixed evenly in the filter medium layer, the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances can be appropriately flowed into the filter medium layer, and depth filtration using the entire filter medium layer can be performed. If the specific gravity of the water flow aid is larger than that of the filter medium, a large amount of water flow aid can be mixed in the upstream surface layer of the filter medium layer, and clogging near the surface layer is unlikely to occur. An increase in filtration pressure can be prevented. Therefore, the liquid to be treated can be actively introduced into the filter medium layer, and the depth filtration using the entire filter medium layer can be performed.
Moreover, if the mixing ratio of the filter medium and the water flow aid is 9.5 to 7.0: 0.5 to 3.0, the depth filtration can be stably performed.
この発明のろ過装置を形成するろ材層は、被処理液に含有する懸濁物質を捕捉する浮上性粒状ろ材（以下、ろ材とする）と、懸濁物質を含有する被処理液をろ材層の下流側へ通水させる通水助材とを混合して構成している。ろ過工程において、通水助材を介して容易にろ材層内部まで被処理液を通水させるので、ろ材層表面だけでなくろ材層の内部を有効にろ過作用に利用する深層ろ過となる。そのため、懸濁物質の大量捕捉、ろ過圧力の上昇防止、ろ過継続時間の増大が図れる。単に懸濁物質を捕捉する間隙を広げ、通水路を確保した深層ろ過とは違い、ろ材間の間隙は狭いため、清澄ろ過が可能となる。また、通水助材を混在させる割合を変更するだけで様々な被処理液に対応でき、ろ材そのものを変更する必要がなく、処理水のＳＳ濃度の調整も可能となる。 The filter medium layer forming the filtration device of the present invention includes a floating particulate filter medium (hereinafter referred to as filter medium) that captures suspended substances contained in the liquid to be treated, and a liquid to be treated containing suspended substances. It is configured by mixing with a water flow aid that allows water to flow downstream. In the filtration step, the liquid to be treated is easily passed through the water passage aid to the inside of the filter medium layer, so that not only the surface of the filter medium layer but also the inside of the filter medium layer is effectively used for filtration. Therefore, a large amount of suspended solids can be captured, the filtration pressure can be prevented from increasing, and the filtration duration can be increased. Unlike deep-bed filtration, which simply widens the gap for trapping suspended solids and secures a water passage, the gap between the filter media is narrow, so clarification filtration is possible. Moreover, it can respond to various to-be-processed liquids only by changing the ratio which mixes a water-flowing auxiliary material, it is not necessary to change the filter medium itself, and the SS density | concentration of treated water can also be adjusted.
この発明に係るろ過装置を図面に基づき詳述すると、図１は上向流方式のろ過装置１である。ろ過槽２内には、下端から所定の高さに、ろ材４が流出するのを防止するろ材流出防止下側スクリーン６ａが配設されるとともに、上端から所定の低さに、ろ材４が流出するのを防止するろ材流出防止上側スクリーン６ｂが配設されている。そして、ろ材流出防止上側スクリーン６ｂの下側に、所定の厚さのろ材層３が形成されている。
ろ材層３は、ろ材４および通水助材５が混在したもので構成してある。
なお、このろ過装置１に使用するろ材４および通水助材５は、比重が１．０未満のろ材４および通水助材５を使用する。
The filtration device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an upward flow filtration device 1. A filter medium outflow prevention lower screen 6a for preventing the filter medium 4 from flowing out at a predetermined height from the lower end is disposed in the
The filter medium layer 3 is composed of a mixture of the filter medium 4 and the water flow assistant 5.
In addition, the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 used for this filtration apparatus 1 use the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 having a specific gravity of less than 1.0.
被処理液供給管７は、ろ材流出防止下側スクリーン６ａの下側から被処理液を供給するように、ろ過槽２に接続されている。
洗浄装置８は、攪拌羽根を回転させることで、ろ材層３を構成するろ材４および通水助材５を攪拌して洗浄できる。洗浄装置８はろ過槽２底面の外側から、ろ材流出防止下側スクリーン６ａの上側部分まで貫通させて配設されている。
ろ過槽２のろ材流出防止下側スクリーン６ａよりも下側部分には、被処理液（被処理水）などを排出する排出管９が接続されている。
ろ過槽２のろ材流出防止上側スクリーン６ｂよりも上側部分には、処理液（処理水）を排出する処理液排出管１０が接続されている。
The to-be-processed liquid supply pipe 7 is connected to the
The washing device 8 can wash the filter medium 4 and the water passage aid 5 constituting the filter medium layer 3 by stirring the rotating blades. The cleaning device 8 is disposed so as to penetrate from the outside of the bottom surface of the
A discharge pipe 9 that discharges a liquid to be treated (water to be treated) or the like is connected to a lower part of the
A processing
ろ材４はろ材間の間隙で懸濁物質を捕捉する。またこのろ材４は、粒径や被処理液の圧入圧により、ろ材間の間隙が変化する。したがって、これらの条件を変更することによりろ過性能を調整することも可能である。ろ材４と通水助材５の混合率を調整することでも、様々な被処理液に対応できる。
ろ材４は被処理液中で浮上し、ろ過層を形成するのに適したろ材４であり、独立気泡を有する軟化系樹脂や、ＰＰ（ポリプロピレン）・ＰＥ（ポリエチレン）等の熱可塑性樹脂を使用できる。また形状も、球形、円筒形、不定形、その他任意の形状の粒状ろ材が使用できる。
The filter medium 4 captures suspended substances in the gaps between the filter media. In addition, the gap between the filter media 4 varies depending on the particle diameter and the press-fitting pressure of the liquid to be treated. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the filtration performance by changing these conditions. By adjusting the mixing ratio of the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5, it is possible to deal with various liquids to be treated.
The filter medium 4 floats in the liquid to be treated and is suitable for forming a filter layer, and uses a softening resin having closed cells and a thermoplastic resin such as PP (polypropylene) / PE (polyethylene). it can. In addition, a granular filter medium having a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, an irregular shape, or any other shape can be used.
本発明に係る通水助材５は、通水性を有しており、通水助材５の一方から他方へ懸濁物質を含む被処理液が通過するのに十分な空隙あるいは開口を有している。ろ材層３はろ材４と通水助材５が混在しているので、通水助材５により上流側のろ材層３で捕捉されていない懸濁物質を被処理液と共に下流側へ通水させる。そして、下流側のろ材層３にて上流側で通水された懸濁物質を捕捉する。
ろ材層３表面で多くの懸濁物質を捕捉しても、ろ材層３内部に適度に通水助材５が混在しているので、ろ材層３内部への通水路が確保でき、ろ過圧力が上昇し難い。通水助材５がろ材層３内部に被処理液を導いて、ろ材層３内部での深層ろ過を促進させる。そのため1回のろ過時間を長く設定でき、処理量が増大する。
The water flow aid 5 according to the present invention has water permeability and has a sufficient gap or opening for the liquid to be treated containing suspended solids to pass from one side of the water flow aid 5 to the other. ing. Since the filter medium layer 3 is mixed with the filter medium 4 and the water passage aid 5, the water passage aid 5 allows the suspended substances not captured by the upstream filter medium layer 3 to flow downstream along with the liquid to be treated. . Then, suspended substances passed through the upstream side are captured by the filter medium layer 3 on the downstream side.
Even if many suspended substances are captured on the surface of the filter medium layer 3, the water passage aid 5 is appropriately mixed inside the filter medium layer 3, so that a water passage to the filter medium layer 3 can be secured and the filtration pressure is reduced. It is hard to rise. The water flow assistant 5 guides the liquid to be treated to the inside of the filter medium layer 3 and promotes the depth filtration inside the filter medium layer 3. Therefore, the filtration time for one time can be set longer, and the processing amount increases.
通水助材５は圧密しても形状が維持できるだけの構造であり、例えば、十分な強度を有する部材、あるいは繊維径が大きい等の構造で形成している。具体的には、通水助材５をプラスチック等の合成樹脂やＰＰ・ＰＥ等の合成繊維で形成してもよい。
通水助材５の内部はろ材間の間隙よりはるかに大きな空隙を有し、その内部に通じる開口は少なくとも２以上を有している。通水助材５の内部空隙および開口は、懸濁物質を含む被処理液が通過するのに十分な大きさである。懸濁物質を含む被処理液は、通水助材５の一方の開口から内部の空隙に流入し、内部の空隙を通って他方の開口から流出する。開口から通水助材５の内部空隙を通り、ろ材層３の下流側に通水できる大きさであれば形状、大きさ等は特定しない。内部と外部を連通させる開口は、対称位置に２以上を設けることが望ましい。
通水助材５を構成する部材は、ろ材層３内部で圧密されても、容易に圧縮による変化がない。そのため、ろ過運転中でもろ材層３は通水助材内部の空隙による通水路を常時確保できる。
通水助材５の大きさをろ材４とほぼ同等とすると、ろ材間の間隙と、ろ材４と通水助材間の間隙がほぼ同等となり、ろ材層３で偏重ろ過が発生し難い。
また、通水助材５の一部、例えば表面に繊維を立毛させて、通水助材表面で懸濁物質を捕捉できるようにしてもよい。
The water flow assistant 5 has a structure that can maintain its shape even after being compacted. For example, it is formed of a member having sufficient strength or a structure having a large fiber diameter. Specifically, the water flow aid 5 may be formed of synthetic resin such as plastic or synthetic fiber such as PP / PE.
The inside of the water flow assistant 5 has a gap that is much larger than the gap between the filter media, and the opening that leads to the inside has at least two or more. The internal space and opening of the water flow aid 5 are large enough to allow the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances to pass therethrough. The liquid to be treated containing the suspended substance flows into the internal space from one opening of the water flow aid 5 and flows out from the other opening through the internal space. The shape, size, etc. are not specified as long as the size allows water to pass from the opening to the downstream side of the filter medium layer 3 through the internal space of the water flow aid 5. It is desirable to provide two or more openings at the symmetrical positions for communication between the inside and the outside.
Even if the members constituting the water flow aid 5 are consolidated inside the filter medium layer 3, they are not easily changed by compression. Therefore, even during the filtration operation, the filter medium layer 3 can always secure a water flow path by a gap inside the water flow aid.
If the size of the water flow aid 5 is substantially the same as that of the filter medium 4, the gap between the filter medium and the gap between the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid are substantially the same, and it is difficult for the filter medium layer 3 to cause uneven filtration.
Further, fibers may be raised on a part of the water flow assistant 5, for example, the surface, so that the suspended substance can be captured on the surface of the water flow aid.
図２は通過性能を有する矩形状通水助材５ａであって、矩形状に形成している。ウェーブ状のフィラメントで互いに接着し、その内部に多大な空隙を有している繊維で構成されており、繊維間を粗く構成しているので、内部は懸濁物質を含む被処理液が通過できる十分な空隙を有する。
図３は通過性能を有する球状通水助材５ｂであって、球状に形成している。矩形状通水助材５ａと同様に、繊維間を粗く構成しているので、内部は懸濁物質を含む被処理液が通過できる十分な空隙を有する。
図４は通過性能を有するモール状通水助材５ｃであって、モール状に形成している。矩形状通水助材５ａと同様に、繊維間を粗く構成しているので、内部は懸濁物質を含む被処理液が通過できる十分な空隙を有する。
図５は通過性能を有する円筒状通水助材５ｄであって、円筒状に形成している。矩形状通水助材５ａと同様に、繊維間を粗く構成しているので、内部は懸濁物質を含む被処理液が通過できる十分な空隙を有する。
また、これらの通水助材５は被処理液の通水時に、通水圧力により形状が変形しないように、通水助材５を構成する繊維を太くして強度を高めてもよい。さらに、繊維間を密にすることで、ろ過機能を備えることもできる。
FIG. 2 shows a rectangular water passage aid 5a having passage performance, which is formed in a rectangular shape. It is composed of fibers that adhere to each other with wave-shaped filaments and have a large amount of voids inside them, and since the spaces between the fibers are coarse, the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances can pass through the interior. Has sufficient voids.
FIG. 3 shows a spherical water passage aid 5b having a passing performance, which is formed in a spherical shape. Like the rectangular water flow aid 5a, the fibers are coarsely formed, so that the inside has a sufficient space through which the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances can pass.
FIG. 4 shows a molding water-assisting material 5c having passage performance, which is formed in a molding shape. Like the rectangular water flow aid 5a, the fibers are coarsely formed, so that the inside has a sufficient space through which the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances can pass.
FIG. 5 shows a cylindrical water passage aid 5d having passage performance, which is formed in a cylindrical shape. Like the rectangular water flow aid 5a, the fibers are coarsely formed, so that the inside has a sufficient space through which the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances can pass.
Further, these water passage aids 5 may be increased in strength by thickening the fibers constituting the water passage aid 5 so that the shape of the water passage aid 5 is not deformed by the water passage pressure when the liquid to be treated is passed. Furthermore, a filtration function can also be provided by making the fibers dense.
図６はろ材層の概略構成図であって、ろ過槽２にろ材４と通水助材５を充填し、混在させた状態でろ材層３を形成している。浮上ろ過を行うにあたり、ろ過対象とする被処理液の比重を１．０とすると、ろ材４および通水助材５の見掛け比重は１．０未満である。ろ材４と通水助材５の比重がそれぞれ１．０未満であるので、ろ過槽２の上方にろ材層３が形成され、図１に示す上向流方式のろ過装置１となる。
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of the filter medium layer, in which the
図７はろ材層の一部拡大図であって、ろ材４と通水助材５が混在してろ材層３を構成している。
ろ材層３に被処理液を通水すると、ろ材層３表面付近に位置するろ材間の間隙で懸濁物質が捕捉される。懸濁物質を取り除かれた処理液と、一部の捕捉できなかった懸濁物質を含む被処理液は、ろ材間の間隙、通水助材５内部の空隙、ろ材４と通水助材５の間隙を通過してろ材層３内部へと流入する。その際、ろ材層３内部のろ材間の間隙で懸濁物質が捕捉される。
ろ材層３には通水助材５が混在しており、被処理液に含まれる懸濁物質は通水助材５を容易に通過できる。通水助剤を通過した後、下流側にろ材４があれば、ろ材間の間隙に応じて懸濁物質が捕捉される。さらに、そこでも捕捉されなかった懸濁物質を含む被処理液は、ろ材間の間隙、通水助材５内部の空隙、ろ材４と通水助材５の間隙を通過して、よりろ材層３深層へと流入する。この過程を繰り返すことで、懸濁物質を捕捉していく。
このようにして、通水助材５を介してろ材層３内部に懸濁物質を含む被処理液を通水させることで、ろ材間の捕捉率は低下させずに、通水助材５によってろ材層３下層まで懸濁物質を流入させることができるので、ろ材層３内部でも効率よくろ過を行い、ろ材層３全体を有効に利用できる深層ろ過とすることができる。
FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged view of the filter medium layer, and the filter medium 4 is composed of the filter medium 4 and the water flow assistant 5.
When the liquid to be treated is passed through the filter medium layer 3, suspended substances are captured in the gaps between the filter mediums located near the surface of the filter medium layer 3. The treatment liquid from which suspended substances have been removed and the liquid to be treated containing some suspended substances that could not be trapped are the gaps between the filter media, the voids inside the water flow aid 5, the filter media 4 and the water flow aid 5. And flows into the filter medium layer 3. At that time, suspended substances are trapped in the gaps between the filter media inside the filter media layer 3.
The filter medium layer 3 contains a water passage aid 5, and suspended substances contained in the liquid to be treated can easily pass through the water passage aid 5. After passing through the water passage aid, if there is a filter medium 4 on the downstream side, suspended substances are captured according to the gap between the filter mediums. Furthermore, the liquid to be treated containing suspended substances that have not been trapped there passes through the gaps between the filter media, the gaps in the water flow aid 5, and the gaps between the filter media 4 and the water flow aid 5. It flows into 3 deep layers. By repeating this process, suspended substances are captured.
In this way, by passing the liquid to be treated containing suspended solids through the water passage aid 5 through the water passage aid 5, the water passage aid 5 does not reduce the capture rate between the filter media. Since suspended substances can flow into the lower layer of the filter medium layer 3, the filtration can be efficiently performed even inside the filter medium layer 3, and the depth filtration that can effectively use the entire filter medium layer 3 can be achieved.
図６に示すように、ろ材４と通水助材５の比重は、上向流方式のろ過装置１の場合、ともに０．１以上１．０未満であれば適度に分散する。ろ材４と通水助材５とで比重差を少なく設定し、さらに、同形状のろ材４と通水助材５を用いた場合、図６に示すように、攪拌・洗浄を行っても均等に混在してろ材層３を形成する均等分散となる。 As shown in FIG. 6, when the specific gravity of the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 is 0.1 or more and less than 1.0 in the case of the upward flow type filtration device 1, it is appropriately dispersed. When the specific gravity difference between the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 is set to be small, and the same shape of the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 are used, even if stirring and washing are performed as shown in FIG. Are uniformly dispersed to form the filter medium layer 3.
図８に示すように、ろ材４と通水助材５とで比重差を大きくなるよう設定、あるいは異形状のろ材４と通水助材５を用いた場合、攪拌・洗浄を行うと比重、形状の相違により、通水助材５をろ材層３の上流側に編重させた表層分散とすることができる。通水助材５をろ材層３の表層寄りに多く混在させた場合、ろ材４の目詰まりが発生しやすい表層付近のろ過圧力の上昇を防止でき、積極的にろ材層３の内部に被処理液を流入させて懸濁物質を捕捉できる。 As shown in FIG. 8, when the specific gravity difference is set to be large between the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5, or when the irregularly shaped filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 are used, the specific gravity is obtained by stirring and washing. Due to the difference in shape, it is possible to achieve surface layer dispersion in which the water flow aid 5 is knitted on the upstream side of the filter medium layer 3. When a large amount of the water flow aid 5 is mixed near the surface of the filter medium layer 3, it is possible to prevent an increase in the filtration pressure near the surface layer where the filter medium 4 is likely to be clogged, and the filter medium layer 3 is positively treated. Suspended material can be captured by flowing in liquid.
ろ材４と通水助材５の混合比を調整することで、様々な被処理液に対応可能であり、大きさの異なる多種のろ材４を準備する必要がない。条件に応じてろ材層３の圧密度を調整することにより、ろ材間の間隙を設定できる。 By adjusting the mixing ratio of the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5, it is possible to cope with various liquids to be treated, and it is not necessary to prepare various filter media 4 having different sizes. The gap between the filter media can be set by adjusting the pressure density of the filter media layer 3 according to the conditions.
次に、図１に記載のろ過装置におけるろ過の一例について説明する。
被処理液供給管７からろ過槽２内に被処理液を供給することにより、被処理液はろ材４と通水助材５で構成されたろ材層３内を上向してろ過され、処理液排出管１０を介して排出される。ろ材層３では表層で懸濁物質を捕捉しつつ、通水助材５により懸濁物質を内部にも流入させることで深層ろ過を行う。
そして、例えば、ろ材層３で捕捉した懸濁物質による目詰まりにより、ろ過圧力が上昇した場合、または累積稼働時間が所定時間に達した場合、または処理液が所定の基準に達しなくなったならば、洗浄装置８の攪拌羽根が回転することによりろ材層３を洗浄する。
このように、ろ過槽２内の攪拌羽根が回転すると、旋回流によってろ材４および通水助材５が攪拌されることにより、ろ材層３で捕捉していた懸濁物質が剥離、沈降し、排出管９を介して排出される。なお、ろ材層３を洗浄する場合、ろ過槽２内へ供給する洗浄液（洗浄水）は、所定の基準に達した洗浄水、例えば、処理液（処理水）を供給してもよい。
Next, an example of filtration in the filtration device shown in FIG. 1 will be described.
By supplying the liquid to be processed into the
And, for example, when the filtration pressure increases due to clogging by suspended substances trapped in the filter medium layer 3, or when the cumulative operating time reaches a predetermined time, or when the processing liquid does not reach a predetermined standard The filter medium layer 3 is washed by rotating the stirring blades of the washing device 8.
Thus, when the stirring blade in the
従来のろ材４のみで構成したろ材層３と、本発明のろ材４と通水助材５を混在させて構成したろ材層３とで、上向流方式のろ過装置１により、比較試験を行った。ろ材、通水助材、ろ過装置は下記の仕様とした。
被処理液 ：凝集させた放流水
ろ材 ：ろ材４ Φ３ｍｍ ＰＰペレット
通水助材 ：モール状通水助材５ｃ Φ３×３ｍｍ モール状通水助材
本体槽高さ：４０００ｍｍ
本体槽内径：Φ６００ｍｍ
通水速度 ：４０ｍ／ｈ
A comparative test is performed by the upflow type filtration device 1 with the filter medium layer 3 constituted only by the conventional filter medium 4 and the filter medium layer 3 constituted by mixing the filter medium 4 of the present invention and the water flow assistant 5. It was. The following specifications were applied to the filter medium, water flow aid, and filtration device.
Liquid to be treated: Aggregated effluent water filter medium: Filter medium 4 Φ3 mm PP pellet water passage aid: Mall-shaped water flow aid 5 c Φ3 × 3 mm Mall-shaped water flow aid main body tank height: 4000 mm
Body tank inner diameter: Φ600mm
Water flow speed: 40 m / h
図９はこの発明と従来技術に係るろ過圧力とろ過継続時間の比較表であって、立軸をろ過圧力（ｋＰａ）、横軸をろ過継続時間（ｈ）としている。ろ過圧力が１５ｋＰａまで上昇すると、ろ材４から懸濁物質を取り除くために、ろ材洗浄が必要となる。 FIG. 9 is a comparison table of the filtration pressure and the filtration duration according to the present invention and the prior art, where the vertical axis is the filtration pressure (kPa) and the horizontal axis is the filtration duration (h). When the filtration pressure is increased to 15 kPa, in order to remove suspended substances from the filter medium 4, it is necessary to clean the filter medium.
従来のろ材４のみで構成したろ材層３では、１０時間でろ過圧力が１５ｋＰａまで上昇している。これは、１０時間毎にろ材洗浄が必要であることを示している。
一方、本発明のろ材４と通水助材５を混在させて形成しているろ材層３では、ろ過圧力が上昇するまでの時間が飛躍的に長くなった。
具体的には、ろ材４を９０％、通水助材５を１０％として均等に混在させたろ材層３’では、１０時間でろ過圧力が２ｋＰａまでしか上昇しない。１５ｋＰａまでろ過圧力が上昇するのに１８時間を要する。なお、１８時間後のろ過処理後の処理液中のＳＳ濃度は、従来技術と本発明とで差異はなかった。
また、ろ材４を８０％、通水助材５を２０％として均等に混在させたろ材層３’’では、１５ｋＰａまでろ過圧力が上昇するのに２２時間を要する。しかし、１２時間が経過すると、ろ過処理後の処理液中のＳＳ濃度が急上昇し、ブレイクスルー現象が確認できた。
In the filter medium layer 3 constituted only by the conventional filter medium 4, the filtration pressure rises to 15 kPa in 10 hours. This indicates that the filter medium must be cleaned every 10 hours.
On the other hand, in the filter medium layer 3 formed by mixing the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 of the present invention, the time until the filtration pressure rises dramatically increases.
Specifically, in the filter medium layer 3 ′ in which the filter medium 4 is 90% and the water passage aid 5 is 10% and mixed uniformly, the filtration pressure rises only to 2 kPa in 10 hours. It takes 18 hours for the filtration pressure to rise to 15 kPa. In addition, the SS density | concentration in the process liquid after the filtration process after 18 hours did not have a difference with a prior art and this invention.
Further, in the filter medium layer 3 ″ in which the filter medium 4 is 80% and the water passage aid 5 is 20% and mixed uniformly, it takes 22 hours for the filtration pressure to rise to 15 kPa. However, when 12 hours passed, the SS concentration in the treatment liquid after the filtration treatment increased rapidly, and a breakthrough phenomenon was confirmed.
従来のろ材４のみで構成したろ材層３は、ろ材４，４同士の間隙が狭いため、ろ材層３の表面付近に堆積しているろ材４が短時間に多くの懸濁物質を捕捉する。しかし、懸濁物質の捕捉により、ろ材４の通水面積が減少し、ろ過装置としては短時間にろ過圧力が上昇する。
一方、ろ材４と通水助材５を混在させて形成しているろ材層３では、被処理液が通水助材５を通じてろ材層３内部へと通水される。特に、通水助材５を１０％混入したろ材層３では、ろ材層３表面付近のろ材４により懸濁物質を捕捉しても、適度に通水助材５を通じてろ材層３内部へと通水する通路が確保される。そして、通水助材５を通じて通水される被処理液は、通水助材５の下流側のろ材４により懸濁物質が捕捉される。結果的にろ材層３全体を有効に利用することになるので、ろ過面積が大きく、ろ過圧力の上昇が緩やかとなる。
なお、通水助材５の割合を増加させると、ろ材層３の下流側で多くの懸濁物質を捕捉することがあり、ブレイクスルー現象が発生しやすくなる。また、ろ材層３の上流から下流まで通水助材５が連結して通水路を形成する場合があり、処理液中のＳＳ濃度が高くなることがある。
ろ材４と通水助材５の混合比率は、被処理液の性状や処理水量、ろ過装置１に応じて適宜選択してよい。ろ過圧力の上昇時間やブレイクスルー現象を考慮すれば、ろ材４と通水助材５の混合比率は、９．５〜７．０：０．５〜３．０が望ましい。
Since the filter medium layer 3 composed only of the conventional filter medium 4 has a narrow gap between the filter mediums 4, 4, the filter medium 4 deposited near the surface of the filter medium layer 3 captures a lot of suspended substances in a short time. However, due to the trapping of the suspended matter, the water passage area of the filter medium 4 decreases, and the filtration pressure rises in a short time as a filtration device.
On the other hand, in the filter medium layer 3 formed by mixing the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5, the liquid to be treated is flowed into the filter medium layer 3 through the water flow aid 5. In particular, in the filter medium layer 3 containing 10% of the water passage aid 5, even if suspended substances are trapped by the filter medium 4 near the surface of the filter medium layer 3, the water passage aid 5 is appropriately passed through the inside of the filter medium layer 3. A water passage is secured. Then, in the liquid to be treated which is passed through the water flow aid 5, suspended substances are captured by the filter medium 4 on the downstream side of the water flow aid 5. As a result, since the entire filter medium layer 3 is effectively used, the filtration area is large, and the increase in the filtration pressure becomes gradual.
In addition, when the ratio of the water flow aid 5 is increased, a lot of suspended substances may be trapped on the downstream side of the filter medium layer 3, and the breakthrough phenomenon is likely to occur. Moreover, the water flow assistant 5 may be connected from the upstream to the downstream of the filter medium layer 3 to form a water flow path, and the SS concentration in the treatment liquid may increase.
The mixing ratio of the filter medium 4 and the water flow aid 5 may be appropriately selected according to the properties of the liquid to be treated, the amount of treated water, and the filtration device 1. Considering the rise time of the filtration pressure and the breakthrough phenomenon, the mixing ratio of the filter medium 4 and the water passage aid 5 is desirably 9.5 to 7.0: 0.5 to 3.0.
ろ材と通水助材の混合比を調整することにより、被処理液の性状や処理条件に応じてろ材層の機能を最適化できるので、表層ろ過になりやすい凝集ろ過や公濁度水、あるいはプール等の高清澄度が要求される特殊な用途にもろ材層全体を有効に利用できるものである。 By adjusting the mixing ratio of the filter medium and the water flow aid, the function of the filter medium layer can be optimized according to the properties of the liquid to be treated and the processing conditions. The entire filter medium layer can be effectively used for special applications such as pools where high clarity is required.
３ ろ材層
４ ろ材
５ 通水助材
3 Filter media layer 4 Filter media 5 Water flow aid
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| US14/348,973 US9718004B2 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-09-21 | Filter medium layer and filter device provided with same |
| CN201280048577.9A CN103842046B (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-09-21 | Unsetting filtering medium layer and possess its filter plant |
| PCT/JP2012/074253 WO2013051405A1 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-09-21 | Indefinite form filter medium layer and filter device provided with same |
| TW101136218A TWI548443B (en) | 2011-10-03 | 2012-10-01 | An unshaped filter layer and a filter device provided with the filter layer |
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| JP2012517347A (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2012-08-02 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス，インコーポレイティド | Container containing fluid dispersion medium |
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| CN104784989A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2015-07-22 | 四川高精净化设备有限公司 | Bidirectional interior-passage-way self-pressurized fiber filter |
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