JP2013161703A - Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium ion battery, and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910014211 My O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013282 LiNiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 18
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FGHSTPNOXKDLKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.O[N+]([O-])=O FGHSTPNOXKDLKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
本発明は、リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン電池用正極、及び、リチウムイオン電池に関する。 The present invention relates to a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, and a lithium ion battery.
リチウムイオン電池の正極活物質には、一般にリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物が用いられている。具体的には、コバルト酸リチウム（ＬｉＣｏＯ2）、ニッケル酸リチウム（ＬｉＮｉＯ2）、マンガン酸リチウム（ＬｉＭｎ2Ｏ4）等であり、特性改善（高容量化、サイクル特性、保存特性、内部抵抗低減、レート特性）や安全性を高めるためにこれらを複合化することが進められている。車載用やロードレベリング用といった大型用途におけるリチウムイオン電池には、これまでの携帯電話用やパソコン用とは異なった特性が求められている。 Lithium-containing transition metal oxides are generally used as positive electrode active materials for lithium ion batteries. Specifically, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), etc., improved characteristics (higher capacity, cycle characteristics, storage characteristics, reduced internal resistance) In order to improve the rate characteristics and safety, it is underway to combine them. Lithium ion batteries for large-scale applications such as in-vehicle use and load leveling are required to have different characteristics from those of conventional mobile phones and personal computers.
電池のサイクル特性は、それが良好であれば、リチウムイオン電池の充放電によって減少する電池容量が少なく、電池寿命が長くなる点で有益である。近年、このサイクル特性は、電池の充放電に伴う正極材粒子の割れ（クラック）の発生と密接な関係を有することが知られている（非特許文献１）。 If the cycle characteristics of the battery are good, it is beneficial in that the battery capacity that is reduced by charging and discharging of the lithium ion battery is small and the battery life is extended. In recent years, it has been known that this cycle characteristic has a close relationship with the occurrence of cracks in the positive electrode material particles accompanying charging / discharging of the battery (Non-Patent Document 1).
そこで、本発明は、電池の充放電に伴う正極材粒子の割れ（クラック）の発生が抑制された、サイクル特性が良好な電池特性を有する新規なリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を提供することを課題とする。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having good battery characteristics in which the generation of cracks in the positive electrode material particles due to charging / discharging of the battery is suppressed. Let it be an issue.
本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を所定の組成で構成し、且つ、平均結晶粒径を所定範囲に制御することで、電池の充放電に伴う正極材粒子の割れ（クラック）の発生を減少することができ、それによってサイクル特性が良好となることを見出した。 As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have configured a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery with a predetermined composition and controlled the average crystal grain size within a predetermined range, whereby positive electrode material particles accompanying charging / discharging of the battery It has been found that the occurrence of cracks can be reduced, thereby improving the cycle characteristics.
上記知見を基礎にして完成した本発明は一側面において、
組成式：ＬｉxＮｉ1-yＭyＯ2+α
（前記式において、ＭはＳｃ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、Ａｌ、Ｂｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｂ及びＺｒから選択される１種以上であり、０．９≦ｘ≦１．２であり、０＜ｙ≦０．７であり、α≧０である。）
で表され、
粒子断面をＳＩＭ（走査イオン顕微鏡）像で観察したときの平均結晶粒径が１．２〜５．０μｍであるリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質である。
In one aspect of the present invention completed based on the above knowledge,
Composition formula: Li x Ni 1- y My O 2 + α
(In the above formula, M is one or more selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Al, Bi, Sn, Mg, Ca, B and Zr. Yes, 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.2, 0 <y ≦ 0.7, and α ≧ 0.)
Represented by
It is a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having an average crystal grain size of 1.2 to 5.0 μm when a particle cross section is observed with a SIM (scanning ion microscope) image.
本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は一実施形態において、前記粒子断面をＳＩＭ像で観察したときの平均結晶粒径が１．２〜３．０μｍである。 In one embodiment, the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention has an average crystal grain size of 1.2 to 3.0 μm when the particle cross section is observed with a SIM image.
本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は更に別の実施形態において、前記Ｍが、Ｍｎ及びＣｏから選択される１種以上である。 In still another embodiment of the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention, the M is at least one selected from Mn and Co.
本発明は、別の側面において、本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を用いたリチウムイオン電池用正極である。 In another aspect, the present invention is a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery using the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
本発明は、更に別の側面において、本発明に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極を用いたリチウムイオン電池である。 In still another aspect, the present invention is a lithium ion battery using the positive electrode for a lithium ion battery according to the present invention.
本発明によれば、サイクル特性が良好な電池特性を有するリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries which has a battery characteristic with favorable cycling characteristics can be provided.
（リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の構成）
本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の材料としては、一般的なリチウムイオン電池用正極用の正極活物質として有用な化合物を広く用いることができるが、特に、コバルト酸リチウム（ＬｉＣｏＯ2）、ニッケル酸リチウム（ＬｉＮｉＯ2）、マンガン酸リチウム（ＬｉＭｎ2Ｏ4）等のリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を用いるのが好ましい。このような材料を用いて作製される本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、
組成式：ＬｉxＮｉ1-yＭyＯ2+α
（前記式において、ＭはＳｃ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、Ａｌ、Ｂｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｂ及びＺｒから選択される１種以上であり、０．９≦ｘ≦１．２であり、０＜ｙ≦０．７であり、α≧０である。）
で表される。
また、Ｍは、好ましくはＭｎ及びＣｏから選択される１種以上である。
(Configuration of positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery)
As a material of the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries of the present invention, compounds useful as a positive electrode active material for general positive electrodes for lithium ion batteries can be widely used. In particular, lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), It is preferable to use lithium-containing transition metal oxides such as lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ) and lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ). The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention produced using such a material is
Composition formula: Li x Ni 1- y My O 2 + α
(In the above formula, M is one or more selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Al, Bi, Sn, Mg, Ca, B and Zr. Yes, 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.2, 0 <y ≦ 0.7, and α ≧ 0.)
It is represented by
M is preferably at least one selected from Mn and Co.
本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、一次粒子、一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子、又は、一次粒子及び二次粒子の混合物で構成されている。リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質は、その一次粒子又は二次粒子を構成している結晶(グレイン)の平均粒径が、粒子断面をＳＩＭ（走査イオン顕微鏡）像で観察したとき、１．２〜５．０μｍである。一般に、ＳＩＭ像は多結晶体で構成される物質を観察した際に、結晶方位に応じてコントラストが生じる。このため、ＳＩＭ像は多結晶構造を有する結晶サイズを識別することに適している。
正極活物質の割れは、ＳＩＭ像の観察によれば、結晶間に存在する粒界で発生している。仮に、同量の正極活物質が存在した場合、平均結晶粒径が大きくなることにより、平均結晶粒径が小さいものと比較して、粒界の存在割合が相対的に減少する。そのため、正極活物質の割れが減少する。これにより、サイクル特性に悪影響を及ぼすと考えられる割れの影響が減少し、サイクル特性の低下を防ぐことが可能となる。従って、本発明では平均結晶粒径を１．２μｍ以上に制御している。また、結晶粒径を制御するために、焼成温度を上げるという手法を用いているが、焼成温度を上げるにつれて、正極材のサイクル特性に影響を及ぼすと考えられる「残留アルカリ」という値が増加する。「残留アルカリ」とは正極材粒子表面に存在するリチウムアルカリ分であり、この残留アルカリが増加すると、正極材粒子表面において電解液と残留アルカリが反応し、ガス発生が起こり、サイクル特性が悪影響を及ぼすことが知られている。そのため、本発明では、この「残留アルカリ」の許容限界として、結晶粒径を５．０μｍ以下に制御している。リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の平均結晶粒径は、粒子断面をＳＩＭ（走査イオン顕微鏡）像で観察したとき、好ましくは１．２〜４．０μｍ、より好ましくは１．２〜３．０μｍである。
The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention is composed of primary particles, secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles, or a mixture of primary particles and secondary particles. The positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery has an average particle size of crystals (grains) constituting the primary particles or secondary particles of 1.2 to when the particle cross section is observed with a SIM (scanning ion microscope) image. 5.0 μm. In general, in a SIM image, when a substance composed of a polycrystal is observed, a contrast is generated according to the crystal orientation. For this reason, the SIM image is suitable for identifying a crystal size having a polycrystalline structure.
According to the observation of the SIM image, cracks in the positive electrode active material occur at the grain boundaries existing between the crystals. If the same amount of the positive electrode active material is present, the average crystal grain size is increased, so that the abundance ratio of the grain boundaries is relatively reduced as compared with a small average crystal grain size. Therefore, cracking of the positive electrode active material is reduced. Thereby, the influence of the crack considered to have a bad influence on cycle characteristics decreases, and it becomes possible to prevent the deterioration of cycle characteristics. Therefore, in the present invention, the average crystal grain size is controlled to 1.2 μm or more. Further, in order to control the crystal grain size, a technique of increasing the firing temperature is used, but as the firing temperature is increased, the value of “residual alkali” that is considered to affect the cycle characteristics of the positive electrode material increases. . “Residual alkali” is the lithium alkali content present on the surface of the positive electrode material particles. When this residual alkali increases, the electrolyte solution and residual alkali react on the surface of the positive electrode material particles, gas generation occurs, and cycle characteristics are adversely affected. It is known to affect. Therefore, in the present invention, the crystal grain size is controlled to 5.0 μm or less as an allowable limit of this “residual alkali”. The average crystal grain size of the positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery is preferably 1.2 to 4.0 μm, more preferably 1.2 to 3.0 μm when the particle cross section is observed with a SIM (scanning ion microscope) image. is there.
（リチウムイオン電池用正極及びそれを用いたリチウムイオン電池の構成）
本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極は、例えば、上述の構成のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質と、導電助剤と、バインダーとを混合して調製した正極合剤をアルミニウム箔等からなる集電体の片面または両面に設けた構造を有している。また、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池は、このような構成のリチウムイオン電池用正極を備えている。
(Configuration of positive electrode for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery using the same)
The positive electrode for a lithium ion battery according to an embodiment of the present invention includes, for example, a positive electrode mixture prepared by mixing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having the above-described configuration, a conductive additive, and a binder from an aluminum foil or the like. The current collector has a structure provided on one side or both sides. Moreover, the lithium ion battery which concerns on embodiment of this invention is equipped with the positive electrode for lithium ion batteries of such a structure.
（リチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法）
次に、本発明の実施形態に係るリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法について詳細に説明する。
まず、金属塩溶液を作製する。当該金属は、Ｎｉ、及び、Ｓｃ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、Ａｌ、Ｂｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｂ及びＺｒから選択される１種以上である。また、金属塩は硫酸塩、塩化物、硝酸塩、酢酸塩等であり、特に硝酸塩が好ましい。これは、焼成原料中に不純物として混入してもそのまま焼成できるため洗浄工程が省けることと、硝酸塩が酸化剤として機能し、焼成原料中の金属の酸化を促進する働きがあるためである。金属塩に含まれる各金属は、所望のモル比率となるように調整しておく。これにより、正極活物質中の各金属のモル比率が決定する。
(Method for producing positive electrode active material for lithium ion battery)
Next, the manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for lithium ion batteries which concerns on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail.
First, a metal salt solution is prepared. The metal is at least one selected from Ni and Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Al, Bi, Sn, Mg, Ca, B, and Zr. It is. The metal salt is sulfate, chloride, nitrate, acetate, etc., and nitrate is particularly preferable. This is because even if it is mixed as an impurity in the firing raw material, it can be fired as it is, so that the washing step can be omitted, and nitrate functions as an oxidant, and promotes the oxidation of the metal in the firing raw material. Each metal contained in the metal salt is adjusted so as to have a desired molar ratio. Thereby, the molar ratio of each metal in the positive electrode active material is determined.
次に、炭酸リチウムを純水に懸濁させ、その後、上記金属の金属塩溶液を投入して金属炭酸塩スラリーを作製する。このとき、スラリー中に微小粒のリチウム含有炭酸塩が析出する。なお、金属塩として硫酸塩や塩化物等熱処理時にそのリチウム化合物が反応しない場合は飽和炭酸リチウム溶液で洗浄した後、濾別する。硝酸塩や酢酸塩のように、そのリチウム化合物が熱処理中にリチウム原料として反応する場合は洗浄せず、そのまま濾別し、乾燥することにより焼成前駆体として用いることができる。
次に、濾別したリチウム含有炭酸塩を乾燥することにより、リチウム塩の複合体（リチウムイオン電池正極材用前駆体）の粉末を得る。
Next, lithium carbonate is suspended in pure water, and then the metal salt solution of the metal is added to prepare a metal carbonate slurry. At this time, fine particles of lithium-containing carbonate precipitate in the slurry. If the lithium compound does not react during heat treatment such as sulfate or chloride as a metal salt, it is washed with a saturated lithium carbonate solution and then filtered off. When the lithium compound reacts as a lithium raw material during the heat treatment, such as nitrate or acetate, it can be used as a calcined precursor by washing and drying as it is without washing.
Next, the lithium-containing carbonate separated by filtration is dried to obtain a lithium salt composite (precursor for lithium ion battery positive electrode material) powder.
次に、所定の大きさの容量を有する焼成容器を準備し、この焼成容器にリチウムイオン電池正極材用前駆体の粉末を充填する。次に、リチウムイオン電池正極材用前駆体の粉末が充填された焼成容器を、焼成炉へ移設し、焼成を行う。焼成は、酸素雰囲気下及び大気雰囲気下で所定時間加熱保持することにより行う。また、１０１〜２０２ＫＰａでの加圧下で焼成を行うと、さらに組成中の酸素量が増加するため、好ましい。
本発明のリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質の製造方法において、焼成温度を高くすることで結晶化を促進し、平均結晶粒径を１．２〜５．０μｍに制御する。
Next, a firing container having a predetermined capacity is prepared, and this firing container is filled with a precursor powder for a lithium ion battery positive electrode material. Next, the firing container filled with the precursor powder for the lithium ion battery positive electrode material is transferred to a firing furnace and fired. Firing is performed by heating and holding for a predetermined time in an oxygen atmosphere and an air atmosphere. Further, it is preferable to perform baking under pressure of 101 to 202 KPa because the amount of oxygen in the composition further increases.
In the method for producing a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery of the present invention, crystallization is promoted by increasing the firing temperature, and the average crystal grain size is controlled to 1.2 to 5.0 μm.
以下、本発明及びその利点をより良く理解するための実施例を提供するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限られるものではない。 Examples for better understanding of the present invention and its advantages are provided below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
（実施例１〜１２）
まず、所定の投入量の炭酸リチウムを純水３．２リットルに懸濁させた後、金属塩溶液を４．８リットル投入した。ここで、金属塩溶液は、各金属の硝酸塩の水和物を、各金属が表１に記載の組成比になるように調整し、また全金属モル数が１４モルになるように調整した。
この処理により溶液中に微小粒のリチウム含有炭酸塩が析出したが、この析出物を、フィルタープレスを使用して濾別した。
続いて、析出物を乾燥してリチウム含有炭酸塩（リチウムイオン電池正極材用前駆体）を得た。
次に、焼成容器を準備し、この焼成容器内にリチウム含有炭酸塩を充填した。次に、焼成容器を、表１に記載の焼成雰囲気、焼成温度で焼成した。続いて室温まで冷却した後、解砕してリチウムイオン二次電池正極材の粉末を得た。
(Examples 1-12)
First, after a predetermined amount of lithium carbonate was suspended in 3.2 liters of pure water, 4.8 liters of metal salt solution was charged. Here, the nitrate hydrate of each metal was adjusted so that each metal might become the composition ratio of Table 1, and the total metal mole number might be set to 14 mol.
By this treatment, fine particles of lithium-containing carbonate were precipitated in the solution, and this precipitate was filtered off using a filter press.
Subsequently, the precipitate was dried to obtain a lithium-containing carbonate (a precursor for a lithium ion battery positive electrode material).
Next, a firing container was prepared, and this firing container was filled with a lithium-containing carbonate. Next, the firing container was fired in the firing atmosphere and firing temperature described in Table 1. Subsequently, after cooling to room temperature, it was crushed to obtain a powder of a positive electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery.
（実施例１３）
実施例１３として、原料の各金属を表１に示すような組成とし、金属塩を塩化物とし、リチウム含有炭酸塩を析出させた後、飽和炭酸リチウム溶液で洗浄し、濾過する以外は、実施例１〜１２と同様の処理を行った。
(Example 13)
Example 13 was carried out except that each metal of the raw material had the composition shown in Table 1, the metal salt was chloride, the lithium-containing carbonate was precipitated, washed with a saturated lithium carbonate solution, and filtered. The same treatment as in Examples 1 to 12 was performed.
（実施例１４）
実施例１４として、原料の各金属を表１に示すような組成とし、金属塩を硫酸塩とし、リチウム含有炭酸塩を析出させた後、飽和炭酸リチウム溶液で洗浄し、濾過する以外は、実施例１〜１２と同様の処理を行った。
(Example 14)
Example 14 was carried out except that each material of the raw material had a composition as shown in Table 1, the metal salt was a sulfate, a lithium-containing carbonate was precipitated, washed with a saturated lithium carbonate solution, and filtered. The same treatment as in Examples 1 to 12 was performed.
（実施例１５）
実施例１５として、原料の各金属を表１に示すような組成とし、焼成を大気圧下ではなく１２０ＫＰａの加圧下で行った以外は、実施例１〜１２と同様の処理を行った。
(Example 15)
As Example 15, the same processing as in Examples 1 to 12 was performed except that each metal of the raw material had a composition as shown in Table 1 and firing was performed under a pressure of 120 KPa instead of atmospheric pressure.
（比較例１〜１０）
比較例１〜１０として、原料の各金属を表１に示すような組成とし、焼成条件を表１に示す値として、実施例１〜１２と同様の処理を行った。
(Comparative Examples 1-10)
As Comparative Examples 1 to 10, the same processing as in Examples 1 to 12 was performed with each metal of the raw material having a composition as shown in Table 1 and the firing conditions as values shown in Table 1.
（評価）
−正極材組成の評価−
各正極材中の金属含有量は、誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析装置（ＩＣＰ−ＯＥＳ）で測定し、各金属の組成比（モル比）を算出した。各金属の組成比は、表１に記載の通りであることを確認した。また、酸素含有量はＬＥＣＯ法で測定しαを算出した。
(Evaluation)
-Evaluation of composition of positive electrode material-
The metal content in each positive electrode material was measured with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES), and the composition ratio (molar ratio) of each metal was calculated. It was confirmed that the composition ratio of each metal was as shown in Table 1. The oxygen content was measured by the LECO method and α was calculated.
−平均結晶粒径の評価−
粒子断面をＦＩＢにより切り出し、そのままエスエスアイ・ナノテクノロジー社製のＦＩＢ装置（ＳＭＩ３０５０ＳＥ）を用いてＳＩＭ像を取得した。当該ＳＩＭ像上の任意の直線上に存在する結晶のみの定方向径を測定することにより、平均結晶粒径を算出した。
-Evaluation of average crystal grain size-
A particle cross section was cut out by FIB, and a SIM image was obtained as it was using an FIB apparatus (SMI3050SE) manufactured by SSI Nanotechnology. The average crystal grain size was calculated by measuring the unidirectional diameter of only the crystals existing on an arbitrary straight line on the SIM image.
−電池特性（サイクル特性）の評価−
各正極材と、導電材と、バインダーを９０：５：５の割合で秤量し、バインダーを有機溶媒（Ｎ−メチルピロリドン）に溶解したものに、正極材料と導電材とを混合してスラリー化し、Ａｌ箔上に塗布して乾燥後にプレスして正極とした。続いて、対極をＬｉとした評価用の２０３２型コインセルを作製し、電解液に１Ｍ−ＬｉＰＦ6をＥＣ−ＤＭＣ（１：１）に溶解したものを用いて、室温で１Ｃの放電電流で得られた初期放電容量と１０〜１００サイクル後の放電容量とを比較することによってサイクル特性を測定した。
これらの結果を表１に示す。また、実施例３及び比較例１の断面観察写真（ＳＩＭ像）を図１、２に示す。
-Evaluation of battery characteristics (cycle characteristics)-
Each positive electrode material, conductive material, and binder are weighed in a ratio of 90: 5: 5, and the positive electrode material and the conductive material are mixed into a slurry obtained by dissolving the binder in an organic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone). Then, it was coated on an Al foil, dried and pressed to obtain a positive electrode. Subsequently, a 2032 type coin cell for evaluation with Li as the counter electrode was prepared, and obtained with 1M-LiPF 6 dissolved in EC-DMC (1: 1) in an electrolytic solution at a discharge current of 1 C at room temperature. The cycle characteristics were measured by comparing the obtained initial discharge capacity with the discharge capacity after 10 to 100 cycles.
These results are shown in Table 1. Moreover, the cross-sectional observation photograph (SIM image) of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 is shown in FIGS.
（評価結果）
実施例１〜１５は、いずれも良好なサイクル特性が得られた。
比較例１〜１０は、焼成温度が低い、又は、「焼成温度」×「当該温度での保持時間」が小さいという原因から、平均結晶粒径が１．２μｍ未満と小さく、サイクル特性が不良であった。
(Evaluation results)
In all of Examples 1 to 15, good cycle characteristics were obtained.
In Comparative Examples 1 to 10, because the firing temperature is low or the “baking temperature” × “holding time at the temperature” is small, the average crystal grain size is as small as less than 1.2 μm, and the cycle characteristics are poor. there were.
Claims (5)
（前記式において、ＭはＳｃ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、Ａｌ、Ｂｉ、Ｓｎ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｂ及びＺｒから選択される１種以上であり、０．９≦ｘ≦１．２であり、０＜ｙ≦０．７であり、α≧０である。）
で表され、
粒子断面をＳＩＭ（走査イオン顕微鏡）像で観察したときの平均結晶粒径が１．２〜５．０μｍであるリチウムイオン電池用正極活物質。 Composition formula: Li x Ni 1- y My O 2 + α
(In the above formula, M is one or more selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Al, Bi, Sn, Mg, Ca, B and Zr. Yes, 0.9 ≦ x ≦ 1.2, 0 <y ≦ 0.7, and α ≧ 0.)
Represented by
A positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery having an average crystal grain size of 1.2 to 5.0 μm when a particle cross section is observed with a SIM (scanning ion microscope) image.
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| WO2022149933A1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Positive electrode active material, and positive electrode and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
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| WO2011108720A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | Positive-electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium battery, and lithium ion battery |
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| WO2011108720A1 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-09 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | Positive-electrode active material for lithium ion battery, positive electrode for lithium battery, and lithium ion battery |
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| WO2022149933A1 (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Positive electrode active material, and positive electrode and lithium secondary battery comprising same |
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