JP2013142556A - Layout of receiving/vibrating points and method for elastic wave exploration - Google Patents

Layout of receiving/vibrating points and method for elastic wave exploration Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2013142556A
JP2013142556A JP2012001604A JP2012001604A JP2013142556A JP 2013142556 A JP2013142556 A JP 2013142556A JP 2012001604 A JP2012001604 A JP 2012001604A JP 2012001604 A JP2012001604 A JP 2012001604A JP 2013142556 A JP2013142556 A JP 2013142556A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
wave
point
oscillation
receiving
receiving point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2012001604A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP5941283B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroshi Imai
博 今井
Tomoyuki Aoki
智幸 青木
Masahito Yamagami
順民 山上
Takao Aizawa
隆生 相澤
Yoshiaki Yamanaka
義彰 山中
Toru Takahashi
亨 高橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FUKADA GEOL INST
FUKADA GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
Taisei Corp
Suncoh Consultants Co Ltd
Original Assignee
FUKADA GEOL INST
FUKADA GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
Taisei Corp
Suncoh Consultants Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FUKADA GEOL INST, FUKADA GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, Taisei Corp, Suncoh Consultants Co Ltd filed Critical FUKADA GEOL INST
Priority to JP2012001604A priority Critical patent/JP5941283B2/en
Publication of JP2013142556A publication Critical patent/JP2013142556A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5941283B2 publication Critical patent/JP5941283B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a layout of receiving/vibrating points for an elastic wave exploration facilitating reading of initial motions of an S wave and a surface wave, and provide a method for the elastic wave exploration.SOLUTION: A layout A of receiving/vibrating points for elastic wave exploration includes: a vibrating point group 10 consisting of a plurality of vibrating points 1, 1, ... aligned at some intervals apart; and a rear receiving point 2 provided at a position separated from the vibrating point group 10. When a P-wave propagation velocity in an exploration object ground is V, an S-wave propagation velocity is V, a surface wave propagation velocity is V, a P-wave prevailing wavelength is λ, and an S-wave prevailing wavelength is λ, a separation L between a vibrating point 1 closest to the rear receiving point 2 and the rear receiving point 2 satisfies the following expressions: L>V*λ/(V-V) and L>V*λ/(V-V).

Description

本発明は、弾性波探査用の受発振点レイアウトおよび弾性波探査方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a receiving oscillation point layout for elastic wave exploration and an elastic wave exploration method.

山岳トンネル工事における切羽前方探査方法として、弾性波探査反射法の原理を利用したTSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction)やHSP(Horizontal Seismic Profiling)が知られている(特許文献1,2参照)。   Known methods for exploring the front of the face in mountain tunnel construction include TSP (Tunnel Seismic Prediction) and HSP (Horizontal Seismic Profiling) using the principle of the elastic wave exploration reflection method (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

TSP法は、多数の発振点において弾性波(人工地震波)を順次発生させ、少数の受振点において弾性波を計測することにより反射面の位置等を推定する、というものである。なお、発振点および受振点は、トンネル側壁から側方に向けて延在する孔の内部に配置される。   In the TSP method, elastic waves (artificial seismic waves) are sequentially generated at a large number of oscillation points, and the position of the reflecting surface is estimated by measuring the elastic waves at a small number of receiving points. It should be noted that the oscillation point and the receiving point are arranged inside a hole extending from the side wall of the tunnel toward the side.

一方、HSP法は、少数の発振点において弾性波を発生させ、多数の受振点において弾性波を計測することにより反射面の位置等を推定する、というものである。   On the other hand, in the HSP method, elastic waves are generated at a small number of oscillation points, and the position of the reflecting surface is estimated by measuring the elastic waves at a large number of receiving points.

なお、TSP法やHSP法では、直接波(発振点から受振点まで直線的に伝播した波)に含まれるP波の初動に基づいてP波速度を求め、このP波速度を利用して反射面の位置等を推定している。ちなみに、最近のTSP法では、3成分受信器が使用され、P波の空間分布、S波の空間分布、地山密度の推定式などから岩盤物性の空間分布を求めているが、その具体的な計算方法は未公開である。   In the TSP method and the HSP method, a P wave velocity is obtained based on an initial motion of a P wave included in a direct wave (a wave propagated linearly from an oscillation point to a receiving point), and reflection is performed using this P wave velocity. The position of the surface is estimated. By the way, in the recent TSP method, a three-component receiver is used, and the spatial distribution of the physical properties of the rock mass is obtained from the P wave spatial distribution, the S wave spatial distribution, the ground density estimation formula, etc. The calculation method is not disclosed.

特開2004−346567号公報JP 2004-346567 A 特開2002−122673号公報JP 2002-122673 A

P波による探査に加えてS波や表面波による探査を行うことができれば、反射面の推定精度を高めることが可能となるが、発振点と受振点との距離が近接しているTSP法やHSP法では、S波の初動がP波のコーダ部分や表面波と重なってしまうことから、S波の実諸元(伝播速度の実測値や、卓越波長の実測値など)を読み取ることができず、読み取れたとしても大きな誤差を含む虞がある。なお、かかる問題は、トンネル坑内において実施される弾性波探査(切羽前方探査)に限らず、斜面や地表面において実施される弾性波探査にも当てはまる問題である。   If the S-wave or surface wave search can be performed in addition to the P-wave search, it is possible to improve the estimation accuracy of the reflection surface, but the TSP method in which the distance between the oscillation point and the receiving point is close In the HSP method, since the initial motion of the S wave overlaps with the coder part of the P wave and the surface wave, it is possible to read the actual specifications of the S wave (measured values of propagation velocity, measured values of dominant wavelength, etc.). Even if it can be read, there is a possibility that a large error is included. Such a problem is not limited to elastic wave exploration (front face exploration) performed in a tunnel mine, but also applies to elastic wave exploration performed on slopes and the ground surface.

このような観点から、本発明は、S波の実諸元の読み取りが容易となる弾性波探査用の受発振点レイアウトを提供することを課題とし、さらには、反射面の検知精度を高めることが可能な弾性波探査方法を提供することを課題とする。   From such a viewpoint, it is an object of the present invention to provide a receiving oscillation point layout for elastic wave exploration that makes it easy to read the actual specifications of the S wave, and further to improve the detection accuracy of the reflecting surface. It is an object of the present invention to provide an elastic wave exploration method capable of performing the above.

上記課題を解決する本発明に係る受発振点レイアウトは、間隔をあけて並べられた複数の発振点からなる発振点群と、前記発振点群から離れた位置に設けられた後方受振点と、を備える弾性波探査用の受発振点レイアウトであって、探査対象地盤におけるP波伝播速度をVP、S波伝播速度をVS、表面波伝播速度をVR、P波卓越波長をλP、S波卓越波長をλSとしたとき、前記後方受振点に最も近い前記発振点と前記後方受振点との離隔距離Lが、L>VS・λP/(VP−VS)を満足し、且つ、L>VR・λS/(VS−VR)を満足する、ことを特徴とする。
なお、本発明における「前」、「後」は便宜的に付したものであり、反射面との関係を表すものではない。
The receiving and oscillating point layout according to the present invention for solving the above-described problems is an oscillation point group composed of a plurality of oscillation points arranged at intervals, a rear receiving point provided at a position away from the oscillation point group, Is a receiving oscillation point layout for elastic wave exploration, in which the P wave propagation velocity in the exploration target ground is V P , the S wave propagation velocity is V S , the surface wave propagation velocity is V R , and the P wave dominant wavelength is λ P. When the S-wave dominant wavelength is λ S , the separation distance L between the oscillation point closest to the rear receiving point and the rear receiving point is L> V S · λ P / (V P −V S ). And L> V R · λ S / (V S −V R ) is satisfied.
In the present invention, “front” and “rear” are given for convenience and do not represent the relationship with the reflecting surface.

各発振点において弾性波(人工地震)を発生させると、P波、S波および表面波の直接波が後方受振点に順次到達するところ、L>VS・λP/(VP−VS)という条件を満足すれば、理想的には、1波長の長さを持つP波が到達した後に、S波がその初動に対してP波の影響が及んでいない状態で観測されるようになり、L>VR・λS/(VS−VR)という条件を満足すれば、理想的には、S波の到達後、その1波長が観測された後に表面波が観測されるようになる。而して、弾性探査法では、P波、S波および表面波がそれぞれ最初の1波長(初動)で収束し、それ以降の波形を無視できる場合が多いから、時間軸上においてS波の1波長分が表面波と重ならなければ、S波の実諸元(伝播速度や卓越波長の実測値)を容易に読み取ることが可能になる。 When an elastic wave (artificial earthquake) is generated at each oscillation point, a direct wave of P wave, S wave, and surface wave sequentially reaches the rear receiving point, where L> V S · λ P / (V P −V S If the condition of) is satisfied, ideally, after the arrival of a P-wave having a length of one wavelength, the S-wave is observed in a state where the influence of the P-wave does not affect its initial motion. Thus, if the condition of L> V R · λ S / (V S −V R ) is satisfied, ideally, after the arrival of the S wave, the surface wave is observed after one wavelength is observed. become. Thus, in the elastic exploration method, the P wave, the S wave, and the surface wave each converge at the first one wavelength (initial motion), and the waveform after that is often negligible. If the wavelength component does not overlap with the surface wave, it is possible to easily read the actual specifications of the S wave (measured values of propagation speed and dominant wavelength).

このように、本発明に係る受発振点レイアウトを用いて弾性波探査を行えば、P波の実諸元のみならず、S波の実諸元をも取得できるようになる。S波の実諸元を取得できれば、複数種の波が混在・重畳する反射波の中からS波を高い精度で分離することが可能になるので、S波による反射面検知を行うことが可能になる。なお、S波の波長は、P波の波長よりも短いので、S波で反射面検知を行うことができれば、反射面の検知精度を高めることが可能になる。また、反射面前後のS波速度に対するP波速度の比(>1)が求まれば、ポアソン比を計算できるので、反射面前後での岩盤物性評価が可能になる。   As described above, if the elastic wave exploration is performed using the receiving and oscillating point layout according to the present invention, not only the actual specifications of the P wave but also the actual specifications of the S wave can be acquired. If the actual specifications of the S wave can be obtained, it is possible to separate the S wave with high accuracy from the reflected wave in which multiple types of waves are mixed and superimposed. become. Since the wavelength of the S wave is shorter than the wavelength of the P wave, if the reflection surface can be detected with the S wave, the detection accuracy of the reflection surface can be increased. Further, if the ratio of the P wave velocity to the S wave velocity before and after the reflecting surface (> 1) is obtained, the Poisson ratio can be calculated, so that it is possible to evaluate the physical properties of the rock before and after the reflecting surface.

前記発振点群と前記後方受振点との間に中間受振点を設けてもよい。また、前記発振点群を挟んで前記後方受振点の反対側に前方受振点を設けてもよい。複数の受振点において反射波を観測すれば、反射面検知の精度を高めることが可能になる。   An intermediate receiving point may be provided between the oscillation point group and the rear receiving point. Further, a front receiving point may be provided on the opposite side of the rear receiving point across the oscillation point group. If reflected waves are observed at a plurality of receiving points, the accuracy of reflection surface detection can be improved.

なお、トンネル切羽の前方探査を行う場合(前記各発振点、前記後方受振点および前記前方受振点をトンネル側壁に穿設された孔の内部に設ける場合)には、前記発振点群の坑口側に前記後方受振点を設け、前記発振点群のトンネル切羽側に前記前方受振点を設けることが好ましい。   When forward exploration of the tunnel face is performed (when each oscillation point, the rear receiving point, and the front receiving point are provided in a hole drilled in a tunnel side wall), the tunnel side of the oscillation point group It is preferable that the rear receiving point is provided on the tunnel face and the front receiving point is provided on the tunnel face side of the oscillation point group.

上記課題を解決する本発明に係る弾性波探査方法は、探査対象地盤におけるP波伝播速度VP0、S波伝播速度VS0、表面波伝播速度VR0、P波卓越波長λP0およびS波卓越波長λS0を仮設定する諸元設定工程と、探査対象地盤に複数の発振点を設けて発振点群を形成するとともに、前記発振点群の端に位置する前記発振点からの離隔距離Lが、L>VS0・λP0/(VP0−VS0)、且つ、L>VR0・λS0/(VS0−VR0)となる位置に後方受振点を設ける受発振点設置工程と、前記各発振点において弾性波を発生させる人工地震発生工程と、前記各発振点から前記後方受振点に伝播した直接波と、前記探査対象地盤内の反射面を介して前記後方受振点に伝播した反射波とを取得する計測工程と、前記後方受振点で取得した直接波の中からS波の初動を特定し、特定したS波の初動に基づいて実際のS波伝播速度VS1およびS波卓越波長λS1を求めるS波特定工程と、前記S波特定工程で求めたS波伝播速度VS1またはS波卓越波長λS1に基づいて、前記後方受振点で取得した反射波又は前記後方受振点以外の受振点で取得した反射波の中からS波を抽出するS波抽出工程と、前記S波抽出工程で抽出したS波に基づいて前記反射面の位置を解析する反射面解析工程と、を含むことを特徴とする。 The elastic wave exploration method according to the present invention that solves the above-described problems includes a P-wave propagation velocity V P0 , an S-wave propagation velocity V S0 , a surface wave propagation velocity V R0 , a P-wave dominant wavelength λ P0, and an S-wave dominant A specification setting step for temporarily setting the wavelength λ S0 , a plurality of oscillation points on the ground to be explored to form an oscillation point group, and a separation distance L from the oscillation point located at the end of the oscillation point group is , L> V S0 · λ P0 / (V P0 −V S0 ) and L> V R0 · λ S0 / (V S0 −V R0 ) Artificial earthquake generation step for generating elastic waves at each oscillation point, direct waves propagated from each oscillation point to the rear receiving point, and propagated to the rear receiving point via a reflection surface in the ground to be searched A measuring step for obtaining a reflected wave and a direct wave obtained at the rear receiving point S Identify the initial, and S-wave identification step of determining the actual S-wave propagation velocity V S1, S-wave dominant wavelength lambda S1 based on the initial of the specified S-wave, S-wave propagation velocity which the calculated in S-wave identification step An S wave extracting step of extracting an S wave from a reflected wave acquired at the rear receiving point or a reflected wave acquired at a receiving point other than the rear receiving point based on V S1 or S wave dominant wavelength λ S1 ; A reflection surface analysis step of analyzing the position of the reflection surface based on the S wave extracted in the S wave extraction step.

本発明によれば、P波での反射面検知に加えて、S波での反射面検知を行うことが可能になるので、反射面の検知精度を高めることが可能になる。   According to the present invention, since it is possible to detect the reflection surface with the S wave in addition to the detection with the reflection surface with the P wave, the detection accuracy of the reflection surface can be increased.

本発明に係る受発振点レイアウトによれば、S波の実諸元の読み取りが容易となる。
また、本発明に係る弾性波探査方法によれば、反射面の検知精度を高めることが可能になる。
According to the receiving and oscillating point layout according to the present invention, it becomes easy to read the actual specifications of the S wave.
In addition, according to the elastic wave exploration method of the present invention, it is possible to increase the detection accuracy of the reflecting surface.

本発明の実施形態に係る受発振点レイアウトを示す平断面図である。It is a plane sectional view showing a receiving and oscillating point layout concerning an embodiment of the present invention. P波、S波および表面波を含む地震記象を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the earthquake diagram containing P wave, S wave, and surface wave. (a)は、坑口に最も近い発振点で発生させた弾性波を後方受振点で観測した場合に得られる加速度時刻歴データの初期部分を示す図であり、(b)は、坑口に最も近い発振点で発生させた弾性波を中間受振点で観測した場合に得られる加速度時刻歴データの初期部分を示す図である。(A) is a figure which shows the initial part of the acceleration time history data obtained when the elastic wave generated at the oscillation point nearest to the wellhead is observed at the rear receiving point, and (b) is the closest to the wellhead It is a figure which shows the initial part of the acceleration time history data obtained when the elastic wave generated at the oscillation point is observed at the intermediate receiving point.

本発明の実施形態に係る受発振点レイアウトAは、図1に示すように、トンネルTの切羽前方探査に適用されるものであり、複数の発振点1,1,…からなる発振点群10と、発振点群10から離れた位置に設けられた後方受振点2と、発振点群10と後方受振点2との間に設けられた中間受振点3と、発振点群10を挟んで後方受振点2の反対側に設けられた前方受振点4とを備えている。後方受振点2は、発振点群10の坑口側に設けられており、前方受振点4は、発振点群10のトンネル切羽側に設けられている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the receiving / oscillation point layout A according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the forward search of the face of the tunnel T, and an oscillation point group 10 composed of a plurality of oscillation points 1, 1,. A rear receiving point 2 provided at a position distant from the oscillation point group 10, an intermediate receiving point 3 provided between the oscillation point group 10 and the rear receiving point 2, and a rear side with the oscillation point group 10 interposed therebetween And a front receiving point 4 provided on the opposite side of the receiving point 2. The rear receiving point 2 is provided on the wellhead side of the oscillation point group 10, and the front receiving point 4 is provided on the tunnel face side of the oscillation point group 10.

なお、本実施形態では、左右のトンネル側壁T1,T1のそれぞれに受発振点レイアウトAを設ける場合を例示するが、本発明の適用範囲を限定する趣旨ではない。また、左右の受発振点レイアウトA,Aは、トンネルTの中心軸線に対して対称であるから、一方の受発振点レイアウトAを対象にして詳細な説明を行うこととする。   In this embodiment, the case where the receiving and oscillating point layout A is provided on each of the left and right tunnel side walls T1 and T1 is illustrated, but the scope of application of the present invention is not limited. Further, since the left and right receiving / oscillating point layouts A and A are symmetrical with respect to the center axis of the tunnel T, detailed description will be given with respect to one receiving / oscillating point layout A.

発振点1は、発振孔1aの内部に設けられている。発振孔1aは、トンネル側壁T1から斜め下方に向けて穿設された有底の孔であり、発振点1は、発振孔1aの底部に設けられている。発振孔1aの削孔深度に制限はないが、本実施形態のものは2.0(m)である。   The oscillation point 1 is provided inside the oscillation hole 1a. The oscillation hole 1a is a bottomed hole drilled obliquely downward from the tunnel side wall T1, and the oscillation point 1 is provided at the bottom of the oscillation hole 1a. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the drilling depth of the oscillation hole 1a, the thing of this embodiment is 2.0 (m).

発振点1には、弾性波(人工地震)を発生するための起振源(本実施形態では爆薬)が装填される。起振源は、図示せぬ制御装置に接続されており、制御装置からのトリガー信号を受けたときに起振(爆発)する。なお、発振点1をトンネル壁面に設ける場合には、起振源として油圧インパクタやハンマーを使用してもよい。   The oscillation point 1 is loaded with a vibration source (explosive in this embodiment) for generating an elastic wave (artificial earthquake). The vibration source is connected to a control device (not shown), and vibrates (explodes) when receiving a trigger signal from the control device. When the oscillation point 1 is provided on the tunnel wall surface, a hydraulic impactor or a hammer may be used as a vibration source.

発振点群10の発振点1,1,…は、トンネル縦断方向に間隔をあけて並設されている。発振点1,1,…の数は、12点であり、発振点1,1,…のピッチは3.0(m)である。なお、発振点1の数やピッチは、適宜増減してもよい。   The oscillation points 1, 1,... Of the oscillation point group 10 are arranged side by side in the tunnel longitudinal direction. The number of oscillation points 1, 1,... Is 12, and the pitch of the oscillation points 1, 1,. Note that the number and pitch of the oscillation points 1 may be appropriately increased or decreased.

後方受振点2、中間受振点3および前方受振点4は、受振孔2a,3a,4aの内部に設けられている。受振孔2a,3a,4aは、いずれも、トンネル側壁T1から斜め下方に向けて穿設された有底の孔である。後方受振点2、中間受振点3および前方受振点4は受振孔2a,3a,4aの底部に設けられている。受振孔2a,3a,4aの削孔深度に制限はないが、本実施形態のものは、いずれも1.5(m)である。後方受振点2、中間受振点3および前方受振点4には、弾性波(人工地震)を取得するための図示せぬ地震計(加速度センサや速度センサ)が設置される。地震計は、振動の大きさに応じた電気信号を図示せぬデータロガーに出力する。   The rear receiving point 2, the intermediate receiving point 3, and the front receiving point 4 are provided inside the receiving holes 2a, 3a, 4a. Each of the vibration receiving holes 2a, 3a, and 4a is a bottomed hole that is drilled obliquely downward from the tunnel side wall T1. The rear receiving point 2, the intermediate receiving point 3, and the front receiving point 4 are provided at the bottom of the receiving holes 2a, 3a, 4a. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the drilling depth of the vibration receiving holes 2a, 3a, 4a, all of this embodiment is 1.5 (m). At the rear receiving point 2, the intermediate receiving point 3, and the front receiving point 4, a seismometer (an acceleration sensor or a speed sensor) (not shown) for acquiring an elastic wave (artificial earthquake) is installed. The seismometer outputs an electrical signal corresponding to the magnitude of vibration to a data logger (not shown).

発振点群10と中間受振点3との離隔距離(中間受振点3に最も近い発振点1から中間受振点3までの距離)L13および発振点群10と前方受振点4との離隔距離(前方受振点4に最も近い発振点1から前方受振点4までの距離)L14は、いずれも10.0(m)である。離隔距離L13,L14は、TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction)法において推奨されている範囲(約10〜20m)に設定することが好ましい。 Distance between the distance (distance from the middle geophone point closest oscillation points 1 to 3 to the intermediate vibration receiving point 3) L 13 and oscillation point group 10 and the front geophone point 4 between the oscillation point group 10 and the intermediate vibration receiving point 3 ( distance) L 14 from the oscillating point 1 closest to the front geophone point 4 to the front vibration receiving point 4 is either 10.0 (m). The separation distances L 13 and L 14 are preferably set in a range (about 10 to 20 m) recommended in the TSP (Tunnel Seismic Prediction) method.

発振点群10と後方受振点2との離隔距離(後方受振点2に最も近い発振点1から後方受振点2までの距離)Lは、第一条件(式1)を満足し、且つ、第二条件(式2)を満足するように設定する。   The separation distance (the distance from the oscillation point 1 closest to the rear receiving point 2 to the rear receiving point 2) L between the oscillation point group 10 and the rear receiving point 2 satisfies the first condition (Formula 1) and Two conditions (formula 2) are set to be satisfied.

L > VS・λP/(VP−VS) ・・・(式1)
L > VR・λS/(VS−VR) ・・・(式2)
P:P波伝播速度(m/s)
S:S波伝播速度(m/s)
R:表面波伝播速度(m/s)
λP:P波卓越波長(m)
λS:S波卓越波長(m)
L> V S · λ P / (V P −V S ) (Formula 1)
L> V R · λ S / (V S −V R ) (Formula 2)
V P : P-wave propagation velocity (m / s)
V S : S wave propagation velocity (m / s)
V R : surface wave propagation velocity (m / s)
λ P : P wave dominant wavelength (m)
λ S : S wave dominant wavelength (m)

式1は、P波が後方受振点2に到達してからS波が後方受振点2に到達するまでの時間ΔTP-SがP波の卓越周期TPよりも大きい(ΔTP-S>TP)という条件から求めることができる。なお、ΔTP-S<TPとなると、P波とS波が重なってしまい、P波とS波とを分離できなくなる。 Equation 1 indicates that the time ΔT PS from when the P wave reaches the rear receiving point 2 until the S wave reaches the rear receiving point 2 is larger than the dominant period T P of the P wave (ΔT PS > T P ). It can be determined from the conditions. If ΔT PS <T P , the P wave and the S wave overlap, and the P wave and the S wave cannot be separated.

図2を参照してより詳細に説明する。図2は、P波、S波および表面波を含む地震記象において、P波、S波および表面波の基本波(卓越波)がそれぞれ1波長(初動)で収束し、それ以降の波形を無視できると仮定した場合の模式図である。ちなみに、図2では、各ウェーブレットの時刻歴波形が式3によって構成されると仮定した。
y(t)=A0・sin(2πft)・exp(−kt) ・・・式3
0:初期振幅
f:卓越周波数
k:減衰係数
This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. Figure 2 shows the seismograms including P wave, S wave and surface wave. The fundamental wave (dominant wave) of P wave, S wave and surface wave converges at one wavelength (initial motion), and the waveform after that It is a schematic diagram at the time of assuming that it can disregard. Incidentally, in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the time history waveform of each wavelet is constituted by Equation 3.
y (t) = A 0 · sin (2πft) · exp (−kt) Equation 3
A 0 : initial amplitude f: dominant frequency k: attenuation coefficient

P波とS波とを分離するために最小限必要となる発振点1と後方受振点2との離隔距離をLP-Sとすると、後方受振点2に最も近い発振点1で発生したP波が後方受振点2に到達するまでの時間tP、後方受振点2に最も近い発振点1で発生したS波が後方受振点2に到達するまでの時間tS、時間ΔTP-S、P波の卓越周期TPは、それぞれ式11〜14となる。発振点1と後方受振点2との離隔距離LがLP-Sであるときには、ΔTP-S=TPとなるから、式13および式14を代入すると、式15のとおりとなり、式15をLP-Sについて解くと、式16(式1の右辺)が得られる。
P = LP-S/VP ・・・式11
S = LP-S/VS ・・・式12
ΔTP-S = tS−tP = LP-S/VS−LP-S/VP ・・・式13
P = λP/VP ・・・式14
P-S/VS − LP-S/VP = λP/VP ・・・式15
P-S = VS・λP/(VP−VS) ・・・式16
Assuming that the separation distance between the oscillation point 1 and the rear receiving point 2 that is the minimum necessary to separate the P wave and the S wave is L PS , the P wave generated at the oscillation point 1 closest to the rear receiving point 2 is The time t P until reaching the rear receiving point 2, the time t S until the S wave generated at the oscillation point 1 closest to the rear receiving point 2 reaches the rear receiving point 2, the time ΔT PS , and the P wave predominance period T P is a respective formulas 11-14. When the separation distance L between the oscillation point 1 and the rear receiving point 2 is L PS , ΔT PS = T P , so when Expression 13 and Expression 14 are substituted, Expression 15 is obtained, and Expression 15 is expressed as L PS When solved, Equation 16 (the right side of Equation 1) is obtained.
t P = L PS / V P Equation 11
t S = L PS / V S Equation 12
ΔT PS = t S −t P = L PS / V S −L PS / V P Equation 13
T P = λ P / V P Equation 14
L PS / V S −L PS / V P = λ P / V P Equation 15
L PS = V S · λ P / (V P −V S ) Equation 16

式2は、S波が後方受振点2に到達してから表面波が後方受振点2に到達するまでの時間ΔTS-RがS波の卓越周期TSよりも大きい(ΔTS-R>TS)という条件から求めることができる。なお、ΔTS-R<TSとなると、S波と表面波が重なってしまい、S波と表面波とを分離できなくなる。 Equation 2 indicates that the time ΔT SR from the arrival of the S wave at the rear receiving point 2 to the arrival of the surface wave at the rear receiving point 2 is larger than the dominant period T S of the S wave (ΔT SR > T S ). It can be determined from the conditions. If ΔT SR <T S , the S wave and the surface wave overlap, and the S wave and the surface wave cannot be separated.

図2を参照してより詳細に説明する。S波と表面波とを分離するために最小限必要となる発振点1と後方受振点2との離隔距離をLS-Rとすると、後方受振点2に最も近い発振点1で発生したS波が後方受振点2に到達するまでの時間tS、後方受振点2に最も近い発振点1で発生した表面波が後方受振点2に到達するまでの時間tR、時間ΔTS-R、S波の卓越周期TSは、それぞれ式21〜24となる。発振点1と後方受振点2との離隔距離LがLS-Rであるときには、ΔTS-R=TSとなるから、式23および式24を代入すると、式25のとおりとなり、式25をLS-Rについて解くと、式26(式2の右辺)が得られる。
S =LS-R/VS ・・・式21
R =LS-R/VR ・・・式22
ΔTS-R = tR−tS =LS-R/VR−LS-R/VS ・・・式23
S = λS/VS ・・・式24
S-R/VR −LS-R/VS = λS/VS ・・・式25
S-R = VR・λS/(VS−VR) ・・・式26
This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. When the separation distance between the oscillation point 1 and the rear vibration receiving point 2 as the minimum required to separate the S-wave and the surface wave and L SR, S wave generated by the nearest oscillation point 1 behind geophone point 2 The time t S until reaching the rear receiving point 2, the time t R until the surface wave generated at the oscillation point 1 closest to the rear receiving point 2 reaches the rear receiving point 2, the time ΔT SR , and the S wave The period T S is expressed by equations 21 to 24, respectively. When the separation distance L between the oscillation point 1 and the rear receiving point 2 is L SR , ΔT SR = T S , so when Expression 23 and Expression 24 are substituted, Expression 25 is obtained, and Expression 25 is expressed as L SR When solved, Equation 26 (the right side of Equation 2) is obtained.
t S = L SR / V S ... formula 21
t R = L SR / V R Formula 22
ΔT SR = t R −t S = L SR / V R −L SR / V S Equation 23
T S = λ S / V S ( Equation 24)
L SR / V R −L SR / V S = λ S / V S Equation 25
L SR = V R · λ S / (V S −V R ) Equation 26

次に、本発明の実施形態に係る弾性波探査方法を説明する。本実施形態に係る弾性波探査方法は、図1に示す受発振点レイアウトAをトンネル坑内に形成し、この受発振点レイアウトAを利用して弾性波探査を行い、得られた結果に基づいて反射面の位置を解析する、というものであり、諸元設定工程と、受発振点設置工程と、人工地震発生工程と、計測工程と、S波特定工程と、S波抽出工程と、反射面解析工程とを含むものである。   Next, an elastic wave exploration method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the elastic wave exploration method according to the present embodiment, the receiving oscillation point layout A shown in FIG. 1 is formed in the tunnel tunnel, the elastic wave exploration is performed using the receiving oscillation point layout A, and the obtained results are used. Analyzing the position of the reflecting surface, specifications setting process, receiving oscillation point setting process, artificial earthquake generation process, measurement process, S wave identification process, S wave extraction process, reflecting surface Analysis process.

諸元設定工程は、探査対象地盤におけるP波伝播速度VP0、S波伝播速度VS0、表面波伝播速度VR0、P波卓越波長λP0およびS波卓越波長λS0を仮設定する工程である。なお、受発振点レイアウトAを形成すべき区間の周辺(例えば、受発振点レイアウトAを形成すべき区間よりも坑口側の区間、隣接する他のトンネル、トンネル計画ルート上の地表面等)において弾性波探査等が既に実施されており、当該弾性波探査等によってP波伝播速度、S波伝播速度、表面波伝播速度、P波卓越波長およびS波卓越波長の実測値あるいは推定値が得られている場合には、この実測値あるいは推定値をP波伝播速度VP0、S波伝播速度VS0、表面波伝播速度VR0、P波卓越波長λP0およびS波卓越波長λS0とすればよい。また、受発振点レイアウトAを形成すべき区間の周辺において弾性波探査等が未だ行われておらず、P波伝播速度等の実測値および推定値が存在していない場合には、地質条件から求まる一般的な値(あるいは経験値)に基づいて、P波伝播速度VP0、S波伝播速度VS0、表面波伝播速度VR0、P波卓越波長λP0およびS波卓越波長λS0を仮設定すればよい。本実施形態では、上記の各諸元を表1のとおりに仮設定する場合を例示する。なお、λ=V/fの関係にあるから、P波、S波および表面波の卓越周波数f(=1/卓越周期T)の実測値あるいは推定値が得られている場合には、伝播速度Vを卓越周波数fで除することにより、卓越波長λを求めてもよい。 The specification setting process is a process of temporarily setting the P wave propagation velocity V P0 , the S wave propagation velocity V S0 , the surface wave propagation velocity V R0 , the P wave dominant wavelength λ P0 and the S wave dominant wavelength λ S0 in the exploration target ground. is there. In the vicinity of the section where the receiving / oscillation point layout A is to be formed (for example, a section closer to the wellhead than the section where the receiving / oscillation point layout A is to be formed, another adjacent tunnel, the ground surface on the tunnel planned route, etc.) Elastic wave exploration has already been carried out, and the measured values or estimated values of P wave propagation velocity, S wave propagation velocity, surface wave propagation velocity, P wave dominant wavelength, and S wave dominant wavelength can be obtained by the elastic wave exploration. If this measured value or estimated value is P wave propagation velocity V P0 , S wave propagation velocity V S0 , surface wave propagation velocity V R0 , P wave dominant wavelength λ P0 and S wave dominant wavelength λ S0 Good. In addition, if no exploration of elastic waves has been carried out in the vicinity of the section where the receiving oscillation point layout A should be formed, and there are no measured values and estimated values such as P-wave propagation velocity, Based on the obtained general value (or empirical value), P wave propagation velocity V P0 , S wave propagation velocity V S0 , surface wave propagation velocity V R0 , P wave dominant wavelength λ P0 and S wave dominant wavelength λ S0 are temporarily You only have to set it. In this embodiment, the case where each said specification is temporarily set as shown in Table 1 is illustrated. Since λ = V / f, the measured velocity or the estimated value of the dominant frequency f (= 1 / dominant period T) of the P wave, S wave, and surface wave is obtained. The dominant wavelength λ may be obtained by dividing V by the dominant frequency f.

Figure 2013142556
Figure 2013142556

受発振点設置工程は、図1に示すように、探査対象地盤に複数の発振点1,1,…を設けて発振点群10を形成するとともに、発振点群10の端に位置する発振点1からの離隔距離Lが、L>VS0・λP0/(VP0−VS0)、且つ、L>VR0・λS0/(VS0−VR0)となる位置に後方受振点2を設ける工程である。 As shown in FIG. 1, the receiving and oscillating point installation step forms an oscillation point group 10 by providing a plurality of oscillation points 1, 1,... The rear receiving point 2 is located at a position where the separation distance L from 1 is L> V S0 · λ P0 / (V P0 −V S0 ) and L> V R0 · λ S0 / (V S0 −V R0 ). It is a process of providing.

表1の諸元を式16に代入すると、LP-S=16.0(m)となり、表1の諸元を式26に代入すると、LS-R=56.7(m)となるから、本実施形態では、L=60.0(m)(>LS-R>LP-S)とする。 Substituting the specifications in Table 1 into Expression 16 results in L PS = 16.0 (m), and substituting the specifications in Table 1 into Expression 26 results in L SR = 56.7 (m). = 60.0 (m) (> L SR > L PS ).

また、受発振点設置工程では、坑口に最も近い発振点1から離れた位置に中間受振点3を設け、切羽に最も近い発振点1から離れた位置に前方受振点4を設ける。   In the receiving and oscillating point installation step, the intermediate receiving point 3 is provided at a position away from the oscillating point 1 closest to the wellhead, and the front receiving point 4 is provided at a position away from the oscillating point 1 closest to the face.

本実施形態の受発振点設置工程では、まず、各トンネル側壁T1に対して3.0(m)ピッチで複数の発振孔1a,1a,…を削孔するとともに、坑口に最も近い発振点1から60.0(m)離れた位置に受振孔2aを削孔し、さらに、坑口に最も近い発振点1から10.0(m)離れた位置に受振孔3aを削孔し、切羽に最も近い発振点1から10.0(m)離れた位置に受振孔4aを削孔する。発振孔1aを形成したら、その底部に爆薬を装填する。また、受振孔2a,3a,4aを形成したら、その底部に地震計を設置する。   In the receiving and oscillating point installation step of the present embodiment, first, a plurality of oscillation holes 1a, 1a,... Are drilled at a pitch of 3.0 (m) for each tunnel side wall T1, and the oscillation points 1 to 60.0 closest to the wellhead are formed. (M) The vibration receiving hole 2a is drilled at a distant position, and the vibration receiving hole 3a is drilled at a position 10.0 (m) away from the oscillation point 1 closest to the wellhead, and the oscillation point 1 to 10.0 closest to the face is cut. (M) The vibration receiving hole 4a is drilled at a distant position. When the oscillation hole 1a is formed, an explosive is loaded on the bottom thereof. Moreover, if the vibration receiving holes 2a, 3a, 4a are formed, a seismometer is installed at the bottom thereof.

人工地震発生工程は、各発振点1において弾性波を発生させる工程である。本実施形態では、発振点1,1,…において爆薬を順次爆裂させることで、弾性波を発生させる。起振する順序に制限はないが、本実施形態では、坑口に最も近い発振点1を最初に起振する。   The artificial earthquake generation step is a step of generating an elastic wave at each oscillation point 1. In this embodiment, an elastic wave is generated by sequentially exploding explosives at the oscillation points 1, 1,. Although there is no restriction | limiting in the order to vibrate, in this embodiment, the oscillation point 1 nearest to a wellhead is first vibrated.

計測工程は、各発振点1から後方受振点2、中間受振点3および前方受振点4に伝播した直接波と、探査対象地盤内の反射面を介して後方受振点2、中間受振点3および前方受振点4に伝播した反射波とを取得する工程である。本実施形態では、後方受振点2、中間受振点3および前方受振点4のそれぞれに設けた地震計で直接波および反射波の時刻歴データを取得する。   The measurement process consists of the direct wave propagated from each oscillation point 1 to the rear receiving point 2, the intermediate receiving point 3 and the front receiving point 4, and the rear receiving point 2, the intermediate receiving point 3 and the This is a step of acquiring the reflected wave propagated to the front receiving point 4. In this embodiment, the time history data of the direct wave and the reflected wave are acquired by seismometers provided at the rear receiving point 2, the intermediate receiving point 3, and the front receiving point 4, respectively.

なお、坑口に最も近い発振点1で発生させた弾性波(人工地震)を後方受振点2および中間受振点3で観測した場合に得られる弾性波波形記録の初動部分は、それぞれ図3の(a)および(b)のようになる。横軸の原点(時刻t=0)は、発破時刻である。   In addition, the initial movement part of the elastic wave waveform recording obtained when the elastic wave (artificial earthquake) generated at the oscillation point 1 closest to the wellhead is observed at the rear receiving point 2 and the intermediate receiving point 3 is shown in FIG. As in a) and (b). The origin of the horizontal axis (time t = 0) is the blast time.

S波特定工程は、受発振点設置工程の算出式により求められた位置に設置した後方受振点2において取得した直接波の中からS波の初動を特定し、特定したS波の初動に基づいて実際のS波伝播速度VS1およびS波卓越波長λS1を求める工程である。実際のS波伝播速度VS1、表面波伝播速度VR1およびS波卓越波長λS1が、L=60(m)>VR1・λS1/(VS1−VR1)を満たす場合であれば、後方受振点2で取得されるP波、S波および表面波の初動は、互いに重ならない状態となるので(図3の(a)参照)、時刻歴データの中からS波の到達時刻をグラフから読み取り、離隔距離Lを到達時刻で除すると、実際のS波伝播速度VS1を求めることができ、さらに、S波の周期(卓越周期)をグラフから読み取り、S波伝播速度VS1に卓越周期を乗ずると、実際の卓越波長λS1を求めることができる。 The S wave specifying step specifies the initial motion of the S wave from the direct waves acquired at the rear receiving point 2 installed at the position determined by the calculation formula of the receiving oscillation point setting step, and is based on the identified initial motion of the S wave. In this step, the actual S wave propagation velocity V S1 and the S wave dominant wavelength λ S1 are obtained. If the actual S wave propagation velocity V S1 , surface wave propagation velocity V R1 and S wave dominant wavelength λ S1 satisfy L = 60 (m)> V R1 · λ S1 / (V S1 −V R1 ) Since the initial motions of the P wave, S wave and surface wave acquired at the rear receiving point 2 do not overlap each other (see FIG. 3A), the arrival time of the S wave is determined from the time history data. By reading from the graph and dividing the separation distance L by the arrival time, the actual S wave propagation speed V S1 can be obtained, and the S wave period (dominant period) is read from the graph to obtain the S wave propagation speed V S1 . By multiplying by the dominant period, the actual dominant wavelength λ S1 can be obtained.

なお、後方受振点2で取得した直接波の中からP波の初動および表面波の初動を特定することもできるので、実際のP波伝播速度VP1、P波卓越波長λP1、表面波伝播速度VR1および表面波卓越波長λR1を求めることもできる。 Since the initial motion of the P wave and the initial motion of the surface wave can be specified from the direct waves acquired at the back receiving point 2, the actual P wave propagation velocity V P1 , P wave dominant wavelength λ P1 , surface wave propagation The velocity V R1 and the surface wave dominant wavelength λ R1 can also be obtained.

S波抽出工程は、S波特定工程で求めたS波伝播速度VS1またはS波卓越波長λS1に基づいて、後方受振点2で取得した反射波又は後方受振点2以外の受振点(中間受振点3および前方受振点4)で取得した反射波の中からS波を抽出する工程である。S波を抽出するには、例えば、時刻歴データを周波数領域に変換し、バンドパスフィルタなどのフィルタリング処理によってS波を抽出(すなわち、P波および表面波の除去)するか、あるいは、f−kフィルタ等の空間フィルタによってS波を抽出すればよい。 In the S wave extraction process, a reflected wave obtained at the rear receiving point 2 or a receiving point other than the rear receiving point 2 (intermediate) based on the S wave propagation velocity V S1 or the S wave dominant wavelength λ S1 obtained in the S wave specifying step. This is a step of extracting S waves from the reflected waves acquired at the receiving point 3 and the front receiving point 4). In order to extract the S wave, for example, the time history data is converted into the frequency domain, and the S wave is extracted (that is, the P wave and the surface wave are removed) by a filtering process such as a band pass filter, or f− The S wave may be extracted by a spatial filter such as a k filter.

反射面解析工程は、S波抽出工程で抽出したS波に基づいて反射面の位置を解析する工程である。反射面の解析方法に制限はなく、公知の解析方法(P波による反射面の解析方法と同様の解析方法)を適用することができる。S波の波長は、P波の波長よりも短いので、S波で反射面検知を行えば、反射面の検知精度を高めることが可能になる。なお、弾性波の振幅は、伝播距離が大きくなるに従って減衰するため、反射面の位置を解析する場合には、中間受振点3または前方受振点4で取得したS波を使用することが望ましい。   The reflection surface analysis step is a step of analyzing the position of the reflection surface based on the S wave extracted in the S wave extraction step. There is no limitation on the analysis method of the reflection surface, and a known analysis method (analysis method similar to the analysis method of the reflection surface using P waves) can be applied. Since the wavelength of the S wave is shorter than the wavelength of the P wave, the detection accuracy of the reflection surface can be increased by detecting the reflection surface with the S wave. Since the amplitude of the elastic wave is attenuated as the propagation distance increases, it is desirable to use the S wave acquired at the intermediate receiving point 3 or the front receiving point 4 when analyzing the position of the reflecting surface.

なお、S波特定工程においてS波の初動を特定できない場合(S波および表面波の初動が重なった場合)には、P波を利用して反射面検知を行えばよい。S波の初動が特定できなかった場合には、実際のP波伝播速度VP1およびP波卓越波長λP1等を参考にしてS波伝播速度およびS波卓越波長を推定し、次回の弾性波探査に反映すればよい。 When the initial motion of the S wave cannot be specified in the S wave specifying step (when the initial motion of the S wave and the surface wave overlaps), the reflection surface may be detected using the P wave. If the initial motion of the S wave cannot be specified, the S wave propagation velocity and the S wave dominant wavelength are estimated with reference to the actual P wave propagation velocity V P1 and the P wave dominant wavelength λ P1 etc., and the next elastic wave It should be reflected in the exploration.

以上のように、本実施形態に係る受発振点レイアウトAを用いて弾性波探査を行えば、P波の実諸元のみならず、S波の実諸元をも取得できるようになる。S波の実諸元を取得できれば、複数種の波が混在・重畳する反射波の中からS波を高い精度で分離することが可能になるので、S波による反射面検知を行うことが可能になる。   As described above, if the elastic wave exploration is performed using the receiving oscillation point layout A according to the present embodiment, not only the actual specifications of the P wave but also the actual specifications of the S wave can be acquired. If the actual specifications of the S wave can be obtained, it is possible to separate the S wave with high accuracy from the reflected wave in which multiple types of waves are mixed and superimposed. become.

すなわち、本実施形態に係る弾性波探査方法によれば、P波での反射面検知に加えて、S波での反射面検知を行うことが可能になるので、反射面の検知精度を高めることが可能になる。   That is, according to the elastic wave exploration method according to the present embodiment, it is possible to detect the reflection surface with the S wave in addition to the detection of the reflection surface with the P wave, and thus improve the detection accuracy of the reflection surface. Is possible.

A 受発振点レイアウト
1 発振点
1a 受振孔
10 発振点群
2 後方受振点
3 中間受振点
4 前方受振点
2a〜4a 受振孔
T トンネル
T1 トンネル側壁
A receiving oscillation point layout 1 oscillation point 1a receiving hole 10 oscillation point group 2 rear receiving point 3 intermediate receiving point 4 forward receiving points 2a to 4a receiving hole T tunnel T1 tunnel side wall

Claims (5)

間隔をあけて並べられた複数の発振点からなる発振点群と、前記発振点群から離れた位置に設けられた後方受振点と、を備える弾性波探査用の受発振点レイアウトであって、
探査対象地盤におけるP波伝播速度をVP、S波伝播速度をVS、表面波伝播速度をVR、P波卓越波長をλP、S波卓越波長をλSとしたとき、前記後方受振点に最も近い前記発振点と前記後方受振点との離隔距離Lが、L>VS・λP/(VP−VS)を満足し、且つ、L>VR・λS/(VS−VR)を満足する、ことを特徴とする受発振点レイアウト。
A receiving and oscillating point layout for elastic wave exploration comprising: an oscillation point group composed of a plurality of oscillation points arranged at intervals; and a rear receiving point provided at a position away from the oscillation point group,
When the P wave propagation velocity in the exploration target ground is V P , the S wave propagation velocity is V S , the surface wave propagation velocity is V R , the P wave dominant wavelength is λ P , and the S wave dominant wavelength is λ S , the backward vibration The separation distance L between the oscillation point closest to the point and the rear receiving point satisfies L> V S · λ P / (V P −V S ), and L> V R · λ S / (V S- V R ) satisfying S −V R ).
前記発振点群と前記後方受振点との間に設けられた中間受振点を備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の受発振点レイアウト。   The receiving and oscillating point layout according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate receiving point provided between the oscillation point group and the rear receiving point. 前記発振点群を挟んで前記後方受振点の反対側に設けられた前方受振点を備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の受発振点レイアウト。   The receiving oscillation point layout according to claim 1, further comprising a front receiving point provided on the opposite side of the rear receiving point across the oscillation point group. 前記各発振点、前記後方受振点および前記前方受振点が、トンネル側壁に穿設された孔の内部に設けられており、
前記後方受振点が、前記発振点群の坑口側に設けられており、
前記前方受振点が、前記発振点群のトンネル切羽側に設けられている、ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の受発振点レイアウト。
Each of the oscillation points, the rear receiving point and the front receiving point are provided in a hole formed in the tunnel side wall,
The rear receiving point is provided on the wellhead side of the oscillation point group,
The receiving / oscillation point layout according to claim 3, wherein the front receiving point is provided on a tunnel face side of the oscillation point group.
探査対象地盤におけるP波伝播速度VP0、S波伝播速度VS0、表面波伝播速度VR0、P波卓越波長λP0およびS波卓越波長λS0を仮設定する諸元設定工程と、
探査対象地盤に複数の発振点を設けて発振点群を形成するとともに、前記発振点群の端に位置する前記発振点からの離隔距離Lが、L>VS0・λP0/(VP0−VS0)、且つ、L>VR0・λS0/(VS0−VR0)となる位置に後方受振点を設ける受発振点設置工程と、
前記各発振点において弾性波を発生させる人工地震発生工程と、
前記各発振点から前記後方受振点に伝播した直接波と、前記探査対象地盤内の反射面を介して前記後方受振点に伝播した反射波とを取得する計測工程と、
前記後方受振点で取得した直接波の中からS波の初動を特定し、特定したS波の初動に基づいて実際のS波伝播速度VS1およびS波卓越波長λS1を求めるS波特定工程と、
前記S波特定工程で求めたS波伝播速度VS1またはS波卓越波長λS1に基づいて、前記後方受振点で取得した反射波又は前記後方受振点以外の受振点で取得した反射波の中からS波を抽出するS波抽出工程と、
前記S波抽出工程で抽出したS波に基づいて前記反射面の位置を解析する反射面解析工程と、を含むことを特徴とする弾性波探査方法。
A specification setting step for temporarily setting the P wave propagation velocity V P0 , the S wave propagation velocity V S0 , the surface wave propagation velocity V R0 , the P wave dominant wavelength λ P0, and the S wave dominant wavelength λ S0 in the exploration target ground;
An oscillation point group is formed by providing a plurality of oscillation points on the exploration target ground, and the separation distance L from the oscillation point located at the end of the oscillation point group is L> V S0 · λ P0 / (V P0 − V S0 ), and a receiving oscillation point installation step of providing a rear receiving point at a position where L> V R0 · λ S0 / (V S0 −V R0 ),
An artificial earthquake generating step for generating an elastic wave at each oscillation point;
A measurement step of acquiring a direct wave propagated from each oscillation point to the rear receiving point and a reflected wave propagated to the rear receiving point via a reflecting surface in the exploration target ground;
An S wave identification step of identifying the initial motion of the S wave from the direct waves acquired at the rear receiving point and determining the actual S wave propagation velocity V S1 and the S wave dominant wavelength λ S1 based on the identified initial motion of the S wave. When,
Based on the S wave propagation velocity V S1 or S wave dominant wavelength λ S1 obtained in the S wave specifying step, the reflected wave acquired at the rear receiving point or the reflected wave acquired at a receiving point other than the rear receiving point An S wave extraction step of extracting an S wave from
A reflection surface analysis step of analyzing the position of the reflection surface based on the S wave extracted in the S wave extraction step.
JP2012001604A 2012-01-06 2012-01-06 Receiving oscillation point layout and elastic wave exploration method Active JP5941283B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012001604A JP5941283B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2012-01-06 Receiving oscillation point layout and elastic wave exploration method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2012001604A JP5941283B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2012-01-06 Receiving oscillation point layout and elastic wave exploration method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2013142556A true JP2013142556A (en) 2013-07-22
JP5941283B2 JP5941283B2 (en) 2016-06-29

Family

ID=49039197

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2012001604A Active JP5941283B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2012-01-06 Receiving oscillation point layout and elastic wave exploration method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP5941283B2 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103399354A (en) * 2013-08-01 2013-11-20 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Forecasting method and system for tunnel geology
CN103399358A (en) * 2013-08-01 2013-11-20 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Forecasting method and system for tunnel geology
CN104502913A (en) * 2014-12-02 2015-04-08 平安煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 Method and device for measuring the distance between coal uncovering roadway and coal seam
CN105974465A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-09-28 山东大学 Tunnel three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection space observation system and tunnel three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection space observation method
JP2019078549A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-05-23 株式会社安藤・間 Face front probing method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002122673A (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-26 Okumura Corp Geological survey method
JP2004346567A (en) * 2003-05-21 2004-12-09 Shimizu Corp Method for surveying section ahead of cutting face
JP2007218766A (en) * 2006-02-17 2007-08-30 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Geological boundary discrimination method for vicinity of existing tunnel
JP2007231729A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam Stiftung Des Oeffentlichen Rechts Method and device for prior survey in tunnel construction
JP2009185511A (en) * 2008-02-06 2009-08-20 Kajima Corp Excavator and method of searching front of facing

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002122673A (en) * 2000-10-17 2002-04-26 Okumura Corp Geological survey method
JP2004346567A (en) * 2003-05-21 2004-12-09 Shimizu Corp Method for surveying section ahead of cutting face
JP2007218766A (en) * 2006-02-17 2007-08-30 Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The Geological boundary discrimination method for vicinity of existing tunnel
JP2007231729A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam Stiftung Des Oeffentlichen Rechts Method and device for prior survey in tunnel construction
JP2009185511A (en) * 2008-02-06 2009-08-20 Kajima Corp Excavator and method of searching front of facing

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JPN6016004377; 佐々木宏一ほか: 建設・防災技術者のための物理探査 第1版, 19930724, p.66,74-75,117, 森北出版株式会社 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103399354A (en) * 2013-08-01 2013-11-20 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Forecasting method and system for tunnel geology
CN103399358A (en) * 2013-08-01 2013-11-20 中国建筑第四工程局有限公司 Forecasting method and system for tunnel geology
CN104502913A (en) * 2014-12-02 2015-04-08 平安煤矿瓦斯治理国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 Method and device for measuring the distance between coal uncovering roadway and coal seam
CN105974465A (en) * 2016-06-08 2016-09-28 山东大学 Tunnel three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection space observation system and tunnel three-dimensional seismic wave advanced detection space observation method
JP2019078549A (en) * 2017-10-20 2019-05-23 株式会社安藤・間 Face front probing method
JP2022000666A (en) * 2017-10-20 2022-01-04 株式会社安藤・間 Pit face front investigation method
JP7005272B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2022-01-21 株式会社安藤・間 Face forward exploration method
JP7190015B2 (en) 2017-10-20 2022-12-14 株式会社安藤・間 Face forward exploration method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5941283B2 (en) 2016-06-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11275189B2 (en) Simulation of geophone data from distributed acoustic sensing data
JP5941283B2 (en) Receiving oscillation point layout and elastic wave exploration method
KR101547508B1 (en) Apparatus for predicting front geological features and the method thereof
JP6131027B2 (en) Measurement method of natural ground elastic wave velocity
NO334218B1 (en) Processing sound waveform measurements to determine slowness
CN105517889A (en) Monitoring system, components, methods, and applications
JP6280768B2 (en) Tunnel elastic wave exploration method and tunnel elastic wave exploration system used therefor
CN103630931B (en) From the method and system of near field measurement and the imaginary feature calculation imaginary source feature of modeling
CN105735971A (en) Drilling hole depth detection system based on elastic waves and detection method thereof
AU2014407527A1 (en) Integrating vertical seismic profile data for microseismic anisotropy velocity analysis
CN110687607B (en) Stoneley wave detection method and system
US20150003200A1 (en) System and method for determining the position of a sensor in seismic exploration
Riggs Seismic wave types in a borehole
CN102298158B (en) Fault detection device and fault detection method
US11614557B2 (en) Data-driven domain conversion using machine learning techniques
EP3012669A2 (en) System and method for predicting the front arrival time in reservoir seismic monitoring
JP5186538B2 (en) Natural mountain exploration method
CA3107816C (en) Data-driven domain conversion using machine learning techniques
US20140286125A1 (en) Seismic acquisition method and apparatus
US10502851B2 (en) Method for optimizing the design of multiple-source arrays used in marine seismic surveys
AU2018205733B2 (en) Determining a notional source signature of a bubble
JP2005291903A (en) Hydrophone for underwater geophone, and multipoint observation underwater geophone
JP7017732B2 (en) Geological exploration method and geological exploration system
US1782445A (en) System and method for geophysical exploration
US10684384B2 (en) Systems and method for formation evaluation from borehole

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20141022

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20150810

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20150818

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20151019

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20160209

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20160411

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
RD02 Notification of acceptance of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422

Effective date: 20160506

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20160510

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20160520

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 5941283

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250