JP2013140021A - Cleaning and volume reduction method of radioactive substance-contaminated soil - Google Patents

Cleaning and volume reduction method of radioactive substance-contaminated soil Download PDF

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JP2013140021A
JP2013140021A JP2011289447A JP2011289447A JP2013140021A JP 2013140021 A JP2013140021 A JP 2013140021A JP 2011289447 A JP2011289447 A JP 2011289447A JP 2011289447 A JP2011289447 A JP 2011289447A JP 2013140021 A JP2013140021 A JP 2013140021A
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sand
radioactive material
gravels
radioactive substances
soil
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JP5912525B2 (en
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Takuo Nakajima
卓夫 中島
Susumu Oyama
将 大山
Yoshio Yoshioka
由郎 吉岡
Takashi Matsuo
隆司 松生
Takahisa Matsuo
多嘉久 松尾
Ichiro Segawa
一郎 瀬川
Taisuke Bota
泰輔 帽田
Toshiki Yoshida
利樹 吉田
Mitsuyoshi Taguchi
光義 田口
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GURABERU CLEAN KK
HAMADA CORP
HAMADA KK
Konoike Construction Co Ltd
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GURABERU CLEAN KK
HAMADA CORP
HAMADA KK
Konoike Construction Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for enhancing the decontamination rate of soil contaminated with radioactive substances and improving the volume reduction rate of the contaminated soil.SOLUTION: Water is added to soil M contaminated with radioactive substances, which is then led into a washing machine 3 so as to be slurried. Classification washing is then performed to separate a fine particle fraction in the soil with a separation unit 4. The fraction is then classified with a classifier 5. Gravels M1 having more than a predetermined particle size are led into a washing machine 8 such that radioactive substances attached to the surface of gravels are removed through mutual friction between gravels. The muddy water which contains gravels and radioactive substances is led into a separation unit 7b for the separation of gravels and the muddy water which contains radioactive substances. Gravels having less than a predetermined particle size and sand M2 are led into an impact washing machine 6 for the removal of radioactive substances attached to the surface of gravels and sand by means of impact force caused by collapse of cavitation bubbles. The muddy water which contains gravels, sand, and radioactive substances is led into separation units 7a and 7b so as to be separated into gravels and sand and muddy water which contains radioactive substances. The muddy water which contains radioactive substances is coagulated and dehydrated into a dehydrated cake which contains radioactive substances.

Description

本発明は、放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material contaminated earth and sand.

近年、各種製造工場やその跡地の土壌が、油分・重金属をはじめとする汚染物質で汚染されていること明らかとなり、社会問題となっており、種々の汚染土砂の洗浄方法が提案され、実用化されている。   In recent years, it has become clear that various manufacturing factories and the soil in the former site are contaminated with pollutants such as oil and heavy metals, which has become a social problem, and various cleaning methods for contaminated soil have been proposed and put into practical use. Has been.

このうち、本件出願人は、先に、洗浄機において土砂同士の摩擦により土砂の表面に付着した汚染物質を離脱させることによって、土砂と汚染物質とを分離する汚染土壌の浄化方法（特許文献１〜２参照。）を提案した。   Among them, the applicant of the present invention previously described a method for purifying contaminated soil by separating contaminants attached to the surface of the sediment by friction between the sediments in a washing machine, thereby separating the sediment from the contaminants (Patent Document 1). ~ 2) was proposed.

特許第４６４６０４７号公報Japanese Patent No. 4646047 特許第４６９７７１９号公報Japanese Patent No. 4697719

本件出願人による実証実験から、東日本大震災に伴う福島第一原子力発電所事故による放射性セシウム等の放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の浄化に対して、通常適用される細粒分のみを除去する分級洗浄（特許文献１〜２）では、砂及びレキ分の浄化効果が低く、放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の分級洗浄による除染率が７０％程度にとどまるとともに、汚染された土壌の減容化が十分に行えないということが分かった。   Classifying cleaning that removes only fine particles that are normally applied to the purification of soil contaminated with radioactive materials such as radioactive cesium from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake In (Patent Documents 1 and 2), the purification effect of sand and leke is low, the decontamination rate by the classification cleaning of the soil contaminated with radioactive substances is only about 70%, and the volume of the contaminated soil is reduced. I found out that I couldn't do it enough.

本発明は、上記の問題に鑑み、放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の土砂の浄化、特に、当該土壌に含まれる砂及びレキ分の浄化を確実に行うことによって、放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の除染率を高め、汚染された土壌の減容化率を向上することができるようにした放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above problems, the present invention is directed to the purification of soil and soil contaminated with radioactive substances, in particular, the purification of the soil and soil contained in the soil by reliably purifying the soil and soil. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material-contaminated soil that can increase the decontamination rate and improve the volume reduction rate of contaminated soil.

上記目的を達成するため、本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法は、放射性物質汚染土砂に水を加えて洗浄機に導入し、該洗浄機においてスラリー化した後、分離装置で土砂の細粒分を分離する分級洗浄を行った後、分粒機を用いて分級し、所定の粒径以上のレキを、洗浄機に導入してレキ同士の摩擦によりレキの表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させ、レキと放射性物質を含む濁水を分離装置に導入してレキと放射性物質を含む濁水とに分離し、所定の粒径未満のレキ及び砂を、キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機に導入してキャビテーション気泡の崩壊による衝撃力によりレキ及び砂の表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させ、レキ及び砂と放射性物質を含む濁水を分離装置に導入してレキ及び砂と放射性物質を含む濁水とに分離し、前記放射性物質を含む濁水を、凝集沈殿、脱水処理することにより放射性物質を含む脱水ケーキを得るようにしたことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, the method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material-contaminated sediment according to the present invention adds water to the radioactive material-contaminated soil and introduces it into a washing machine, slurries it in the washing machine, and then uses a separator. After classifying and washing to separate the fine particles of earth and sand, the particles are classified using a sizing machine. Release radioactive material, introduce turbid water containing leki and radioactive material into separation device to separate leki and turbid water containing radioactive material, and shock wash using cavitation action for leki and sand less than a predetermined particle size The radioactive material adhering to the surface of the sand and sand is released by the impact force caused by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles and introduced into the machine, and the turbid water containing the sand and the radioactive material is introduced into the separator to remove the sand, the radioactive material and the sand. Including turbidity Separating the bets, the turbid water containing the radioactive material, coagulation sedimentation, characterized in that to obtain a dehydrated cake containing radioactive materials by dehydration.

本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法によれば、洗浄機を用いたレキ同士の摩擦によるレキの表面に付着した放射性物質の離脱処理と、キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機を用いたキャビテーション気泡の崩壊による衝撃力によるレキ及び砂の表面に付着した放射性物質の離脱処理とによって、放射性セシウム等の放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の土砂の浄化、特に、当該土壌に含まれる砂及びレキ分の浄化を確実に行うことができ、これにより、放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の除染率を高めるとともに、汚染された土壌の減容化率を向上することができる。   According to the method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material-contaminated earth and sand according to the present invention, there is provided an impact washer that uses a cavitation action and a detachment process of radioactive material adhering to the surface of the reki due to friction between the reki using a washer. Purification of soil soil contaminated with radioactive materials such as radioactive cesium by the removal of radioactive materials adhering to the surface of sand and sand due to impact force due to the collapse of cavitation bubbles used, especially sand contained in the soil In addition, the decontamination rate of soil contaminated with radioactive substances can be increased and the volume reduction rate of contaminated soil can be improved.

本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法の一実施例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows one Example of the washing | cleaning and volume reduction method of radioactive material contaminated earth and sand of this invention. 本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法に用いる洗浄機を示し、（ａ）はその断面図、（ｂ）はその動作を示す断面図、（ｃ）は同洗浄機によるすりつぶし作用を示す説明図、（ｄ）は同洗浄機によるもみすり作用を示す説明図である。The washing machine used for the radioactive substance contaminated earth and sand washing and volume reduction method of the present invention is shown, (a) is a sectional view thereof, (b) is a sectional view showing its operation, and (c) is a grinding action by the washing machine. (D) is explanatory drawing which shows the mashing effect | action by the same washing machine. 本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法に用いる分離装置を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the separation apparatus used for the washing | cleaning and volume reduction method of radioactive material contaminated earth and sand of this invention. 同平面図である。It is the same top view. 同正面図である。It is the same front view. 同（ａ）は要部の平面図、（ｂ）は要部の側面図である。(A) is a top view of the principal part, (b) is a side view of the principal part. 本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法に用いる衝撃洗浄機を示す概略図である。It is the schematic which shows the impact washing machine used for the washing | cleaning and volume reduction method of radioactive material contaminated earth and sand of this invention.

以下、本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法の実施の形態を、図面に基づいて説明する。   Embodiments of the method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material contaminated earth and sand according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

図１に、本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法の一実施例を示す。
この放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法は、放射性セシウム等の放射性物質によって汚染された土壌である放射性物質汚染土砂Ｍ（以下、単に、「土砂Ｍ」という。）に水Ｗを加えて洗浄機３に導入し、この洗浄機３においてスラリー化した後、分離装置４で土砂の細粒分（放射性物質を含む濁水を含む。）を分離する分級洗浄を行った後、分粒機５を用いて分級し、所定の粒径以上のレキＭ１を、洗浄機８に導入してレキ同士の摩擦によりレキの表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させ、レキと放射性物質を含む濁水を分離装置７ｂに導入してレキと放射性物質を含む濁水とに分離し、所定の粒径未満のレキ及び砂Ｍ２を、キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機６に導入してキャビテーション気泡の崩壊による衝撃力によりレキ及び砂の表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させ、レキ及び砂と放射性物質を含む濁水を分離装置７ａ、７ｂに導入してレキ及び砂と放射性物質を含む濁水とに分離し、前記放射性物質を含む濁水を、凝集沈殿、脱水処理することにより放射性物質を含む脱水ケーキを得るようにしたものである。 FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material contaminated earth and sand according to the present invention.
This method of cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material-contaminated soil is obtained by adding water W to radioactive material-contaminated soil M (hereinafter simply referred to as “sand M”), which is soil contaminated with radioactive materials such as radioactive cesium. After being introduced into the washing machine 3 and slurried in the washing machine 3, the separation device 4 performs classifying washing for separating fine particles of earth and sand (including turbid water containing radioactive substances), and then the particle machine 5. , And then, the recycle M1 having a predetermined particle size or more is introduced into the washing machine 8 to separate the radioactive material adhering to the surface of the reki due to friction between the reki, and the turbid water containing the reki and the radioactive material is separated. Introduced into 7b and separated into turbid water and turbid water containing radioactive material, and introduced lek and sand M2 having a particle size less than a predetermined particle size into an impact washer 6 utilizing the cavitation action, and by impact force due to collapse of cavitation bubbles Leki and The radioactive material adhering to the surface of the sand is separated, and the turbid water containing the reki, sand and the radioactive substance is introduced into the separation devices 7a and 7b, and separated into the muddy water containing the reki, sand and the radioactive substance, and the radioactive substance is contained. A dehydrated cake containing a radioactive substance is obtained by subjecting muddy water to coagulation sedimentation and dehydration treatment.

この場合において、土砂Ｍの洗浄機３によるスラリー化を円滑に行うために、予め分粒機１（本実施例においては、トロンメル付ドラムウォッシャー）を用いて分級し、所定の粒径以上、具体的には、２０〜５０ｍｍの範囲の特定の粒径以上（本実施例においては、４０ｍｍ以上）のレキを破砕機２により破砕、循環させるようにして、所定の粒径未満の土砂Ｍを洗浄機３に導入するようにしている。   In this case, in order to smoothly carry out the slurrying of the earth and sand M with the washing machine 3, it is classified in advance using a classifier 1 (in this embodiment, a drum washer with a trommel), and more than a predetermined particle size. Specifically, the soil M having a particle size of less than a predetermined particle size is washed by crushing and circulating a rake having a specific particle size of 20 to 50 mm or more (in this embodiment, 40 mm or more) with the crusher 2. Introduced into the machine 3.

洗浄機３は、本実施例においては、図２（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示す、回転可能に設けられたドラム３１と、このドラム３１内に偏心して設けられ、ドラム３１と逆方向に回転するロータ３２とを備え、ドラム３１とロータ３２とを、土砂に圧力を加えながら相互に逆回転させることにより、団粒化した土壌を確実に解砕し、各土壌粒子が結合を解かれた分散したスラリー状態にする。
なお、この洗浄機３は、このほか、後述の洗浄機８と同様に、レキ及び砂の表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させる作用効果も奏する。 In this embodiment, the washing machine 3 is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, and is provided in a rotatable manner with the drum 31, and is provided eccentrically in the drum 31, and rotates in the opposite direction to the drum 31. The drum 31 and the rotor 32 are reversely rotated with each other while applying pressure to the earth and sand, so that the aggregated soil is reliably crushed and the bonds between the soil particles are released. A dispersed slurry is obtained.
In addition, this washing machine 3 also has an effect of releasing radioactive substances adhering to the surface of sand and sand, similarly to the washing machine 8 described later.

分離装置４は、図３〜図６に示すように、土砂Ｍ及び放射性物質Ｄを含む濁水が導入される水を張った分離槽４１と、分離槽４１の底部付近に振動可能に配設され、導入された土砂Ｍに振動を付与しながら通過させる加振スクリーン４２と、この加振スクリーン４２の下に配設され、分離槽４１内に気泡を供給する空気供給手段としてのエアブロー管４３と、このエアブロー管４３の下に配設され、沈降した土砂Ｍを搬出する搬送手段としてのベルトコンベア４４とを備えている。   As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the separation device 4 is provided with a separation tank 41 filled with water into which muddy water containing earth and sand M and a radioactive substance D is introduced, and disposed in the vicinity of the bottom of the separation tank 41 so as to vibrate. A vibrating screen 42 that allows the introduced earth and sand M to pass therethrough while being vibrated, and an air blow pipe 43 that is disposed below the vibrating screen 42 and serves as an air supply means for supplying bubbles into the separation tank 41. A belt conveyor 44 is provided below the air blow pipe 43 and serves as a conveying means for carrying the settled earth and sand M.

そして、投入口に続く分離槽４１の土砂Ｍ及び放射性物質Ｄを含む濁水の導入部には、外周部を筒体４８ａで囲った攪拌ブレード４８を配設し、この筒体４８ａ内に上昇流又は下降流、さらには、上昇流と下降流を交互に生じさせるようにするとともに、筒体４８ａの外周部に、越流トラフ４９に接続される環状の越流トラフ４９ａを形成するようにしている。   An agitating blade 48 having an outer periphery surrounded by a cylinder 48a is disposed at the introduction portion of the muddy water containing the earth and sand M and the radioactive substance D in the separation tank 41 following the input port, and the upward flow flows into the cylinder 48a. Alternatively, a downward flow, an upward flow and a downward flow are alternately generated, and an annular overflow trough 49a connected to the overflow trough 49 is formed on the outer periphery of the cylindrical body 48a. Yes.

また、分離槽４１には、回転により水面の泡沫を越流トラフ４９に越流させて排出する泡沫排除ブレード４５を、特に限定されるものではないが、筒体４８ａを挟んで２台配設するとともに、水面に浮上した油分等を吸い上げるバキューム装置４６と、バキューム装置４６の下流側に配設され、水面に浮上した油分等をベルトコンベア４４から隔離する隔壁４７とが設けられている。
バキューム装置４６に吸い上げられた油分等は、気水分離器４６ａを通過した後、油水分離器（図示省略）に送られ、油水分離器において、油分と汚水（少量の水を含む油分等）が分離され、産業廃棄物として処理される。
また、分離槽４１でベルトコンベア４４より下に沈殿した放射性物質Ｄが付着したシルト・粘土分を含む濁水は、ポンプＰによって吸い上げられ、原水槽１１に導入される。 Further, in the separation tank 41, two foam removing blades 45 for discharging the foam on the water surface to the overflow trough 49 by rotation are not particularly limited, but two units are disposed with the cylinder 48a interposed therebetween. In addition, a vacuum device 46 that sucks up oil components and the like floating on the water surface, and a partition wall 47 that is disposed on the downstream side of the vacuum device 46 and isolates the oil components and the like floating on the water surface from the belt conveyor 44 are provided.
The oil or the like sucked up by the vacuum device 46 passes through the steam / water separator 46a and is then sent to the oil / water separator (not shown). In the oil / water separator, oil and sewage (oil containing a small amount of water, etc.) Separated and treated as industrial waste.
Further, turbid water containing silt / clay components to which the radioactive substance D precipitated below the belt conveyor 44 in the separation tank 41 is sucked up by the pump P and introduced into the raw water tank 11.

加振スクリーン４２は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、約０．５〜１．０ｍｍ程度のメッシュのものからなり、例えば、超音波発生装置を備えた加振手段４２ａに支持された状態で、斜めに形成された分離槽４１の底部とほぼ平行に配設されている。   The vibration screen 42 is not particularly limited, and is made of, for example, a mesh of about 0.5 to 1.0 mm, and is supported by, for example, a vibration means 42a provided with an ultrasonic generator. In the state, it is arranged substantially parallel to the bottom of the separation tank 41 formed obliquely.

エアブロー管４３は、ブロア装置から送られた空気を細かい気泡にして、加振スクリーン４２を通過させる。
このエアブロー管４３からの気泡は、加振スクリーン４２上の土砂Ｍを攪拌して洗浄効果を高めるとともに、油分等を水面に引き連れて浮上させる役割を果たす。 The air blow pipe 43 makes the air sent from the blower device into fine bubbles and passes it through the vibration screen 42.
The bubbles from the air blow pipe 43 serve to agitate the earth and sand M on the vibration screen 42 to enhance the cleaning effect and to float the oil component and the like with the water surface.

ベルトコンベア４４は、分離槽４１の底部に沿い配設され、水上部に、例えば、超音波発生装置を備えた脱水用の加振手段４４ａが設けられている。
加振手段４４ａの下流側には、加圧水を水面や水中に噴射することにより、搬出される土砂Ｍに放射性物質Ｄや油分等が引き連れられることを防止する圧力水配管４４ｂが設けられている。
さらに、必要に応じて、加振手段４４ａの上流側及びバキューム装置４６の上流側には、搬出された土砂Ｍを洗浄するための洗浄水配管４４ｃ及び浮遊する油分等が隔壁４７を潜って流出することを防止するための洗浄水配管４４ｄを設けることができる。
なお、圧力水配管４４ｂ及び洗浄水配管４４ｄは、加圧水を噴射するように構成するほか、加圧空気を噴射するように構成することもできる。 The belt conveyor 44 is disposed along the bottom of the separation tank 41, and is provided with a vibration means 44a for dehydration provided with, for example, an ultrasonic generator on the water.
On the downstream side of the vibration means 44a, there is provided a pressure water pipe 44b that prevents radioactive substances D, oil, and the like from being drawn into the earth and sand M carried out by jetting pressurized water into the water surface and water.
Furthermore, if necessary, a washing water pipe 44c for washing the sand and sand M carried out and a floating oil component or the like drifts through the partition wall 47 to the upstream side of the vibration means 44a and the upstream side of the vacuum device 46. It is possible to provide a cleaning water pipe 44d for preventing this.
The pressure water pipe 44b and the washing water pipe 44d can be configured to inject pressurized air in addition to injecting pressurized water.

この分離装置４は、加振スクリーン４２及びエアブロー管４３によって、土砂Ｍに振動を付与しながら、気泡を吹き付けるようにしているため、洗浄機３においてスラリー化した土砂Ｍのうち粒度の細かい粒径の小さなもの（土砂Ｍの細粒分）を、土砂Ｍの粗粒分から分離させ、ベルトコンベア４４によって沈降した土砂Ｍの中の粗粒分を搬出することができるものである。   Since the separation device 4 is configured to blow bubbles while applying vibration to the earth and sand M by the vibration screen 42 and the air blow pipe 43, the fine particle diameter of the earth and sand M slurried in the washing machine 3. Are separated from the coarse particles of the earth and sand M, and the coarse particles in the earth and sand M settled by the belt conveyor 44 can be carried out.

そして、分離装置４の分離槽４１に沈降した土砂Ｍは、ベルトコンベア４４によって分離装置４から取り出され、振動篩からなる分粒機５を用いて、所定の粒径以上、具体的には、２〜１０ｍｍの範囲の特定の粒径以上（本実施例においては、５ｍｍ以上）の土砂Ｍ１（レキ）と、所定の粒径未満（本実施例においては、５ｍｍ未満）の土砂Ｍ２（レキ及び砂）とに分級し、所定の粒径未満の土砂Ｍ２をキャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機６に導入するようにしている。   And the earth and sand M which settled in the separation tank 41 of the separation apparatus 4 is taken out from the separation apparatus 4 by the belt conveyor 44, and more than a predetermined particle diameter using the granulator 5 which consists of a vibration sieve, specifically, Sediment M1 (Reki) having a specific particle size in the range of 2 to 10 mm or more (5 mm or more in the present embodiment) and Sediment M2 (Reki and R2) having a particle size of less than a predetermined particle size (less than 5 mm in the present embodiment). The sand M2 having a particle size of less than a predetermined particle size is introduced into the impact washer 6 using the cavitation action.

キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機６は、図７に示すように、高圧水の導入部６１ａと、必要に応じて空気の導入部６１ｂとを備えた圧力流体を噴射する噴射ノズル６１、土砂Ｍ２を導入するためのホッパ６２を備えた導入管部６３、洗浄管部６４並びに圧力流体の流れを略直角方向に変える屈曲管部６５からなり、噴射ノズル６１から圧力流体が噴射されることによる負圧によって、土砂Ｍ２が導入管部６３から洗浄管部６４に強制的に吸引されるようにしている。
ここで、噴射ノズル６１は、空気が流れる内管６１ｃと、この内管６１ｃを取り囲むとともに高圧水が流れる外路６１ｄとからなる二重ノズルから構成され、さらに、内管６１ｃの先端部が高圧水が流入する隙間を設けて同心状に挿入される噴射管６１ｅを設けるようにしている。
これにより、噴射ノズル６１は、高圧水と、必要に応じて空気を噴射管６１ｅで合流させて圧力流体を形成し、噴出するようにされている。
ところで、圧力流体は、洗浄管部６４に噴出されると、圧力が急激に低下してキャビテーション気泡が発生し、このキャビテーション気泡は、圧力流体の流速が低下して圧力が回復する位置で崩壊し、このキャビテーション気泡の崩壊による衝撃力により土砂Ｍ２に付着した放射性物質を離脱させるようにしている。
この場合、キャビテーション気泡の崩壊による大きな衝撃力を得るためには、空気の流入を遮断するか、ごく少量の空気が流入するようにすることが好ましい。
なお、本実施例では、必要に応じて空気を高圧水の吸引効果によって吸い込むように構成しているが、高圧水と高圧空気を用いたり、水を高圧空気の吸引効果によって吸い込むように構成することもできる。 As shown in FIG. 7, the impact washer 6 using the cavitation action is composed of an injection nozzle 61 for injecting a pressure fluid having a high-pressure water introduction part 61a and, if necessary, an air introduction part 61b, and earth and sand M2. And a bend pipe section 65 that changes the flow of the pressure fluid in a substantially right angle direction. The negative pressure due to the injection of the pressure fluid from the injection nozzle 61 The earth and sand M2 is forcibly sucked from the introduction pipe portion 63 into the cleaning pipe portion 64 by the pressure.
Here, the injection nozzle 61 is composed of a double nozzle comprising an inner pipe 61c through which air flows and an outer path 61d that surrounds the inner pipe 61c and through which high-pressure water flows, and the tip of the inner pipe 61c has a high pressure. An injection pipe 61e that is inserted concentrically with a gap through which water flows is provided.
Thus, the injection nozzle 61 is configured to join the high-pressure water and, if necessary, the air through the injection pipe 61e to form a pressure fluid and to eject it.
By the way, when the pressure fluid is ejected to the cleaning pipe section 64, the pressure rapidly decreases and cavitation bubbles are generated, and the cavitation bubbles collapse at a position where the flow rate of the pressure fluid decreases and the pressure recovers. The radioactive material attached to the earth and sand M2 is released by the impact force caused by the collapse of the cavitation bubbles.
In this case, in order to obtain a large impact force due to the collapse of the cavitation bubbles, it is preferable to block the inflow of air or allow a very small amount of air to flow.
In this embodiment, the air is sucked by the high-pressure water suction effect as necessary. However, the high-pressure water and the high-pressure air are used, or the water is sucked by the high-pressure air suction effect. You can also.

ところで、本実施例においては、水槽及びサイクロンからなる分離装置７ａを介して２台の衝撃洗浄機６ａ、６ｂを直列に接続し、土砂Ｍ２の洗浄を順に行うようにしている。
そして、洗浄が終了した土砂Ｍ２は、分離装置７ｂ（本実施例においては、分離装置４と同様の構成のものを使用したり、油分等を回収する機構を省略したものを使用することができる。）に導入し、脱水スクリーン１０により脱水を行い、洗浄土砂Ｍ０を得るようにしている。
また、分離装置７ａ、分離装置７ｂ及び脱水スクリーン１０で発生した放射性物質が付着したシルト・粘土分を含む濁水は、水槽１２を介して、原水槽１１に導入される。 By the way, in a present Example, the two impact washing machines 6a and 6b are connected in series via the separation apparatus 7a which consists of a water tank and a cyclone, and the earth and sand M2 are wash | cleaned in order.
And the earth and sand M2 which wash | cleaned can use the separator 7b (The thing of the structure similar to the separator 4 in a present Example, or the thing which abbreviate | omitted the mechanism which collect | recovers oil etc. can be used. )) And dewatered by the dewatering screen 10 to obtain the washed earth and sand M0.
Further, turbid water containing silt / clay to which radioactive substances generated in the separation device 7 a, the separation device 7 b and the dehydration screen 10 adhere is introduced into the raw water tank 11 through the water tank 12.

一方、所定の粒径以上の土砂Ｍ１は、洗浄機８（本実施例においては、洗浄機３と同様の構成のものを使用するようにしている。）に導入し、土砂相互間の擦り合わせの力を作用させ、土砂同士の摩擦による相互研磨を行い、図２（ｃ）に示すように、土砂Ｍに付着している放射性物質Ｄを離脱させるとともに、図２（ｄ）に示すように、土砂Ｍを整粒する（粒子表面の凹凸をなくして放射性物質Ｄを残留しにくくする）ことができる。
その後、振動篩からなる分粒機９を用いて、所定の粒径以上、具体的には、１〜５ｍｍの範囲の特定の粒径以上（本実施例においては、２ｍｍ以上）の土砂Ｍ３と、所定の粒径未満（本実施例においては、２ｍｍ未満）の土砂Ｍ４とに分級し、所定の粒径未満の土砂Ｍ４は、キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機６（本実施例においては、衝撃洗浄機６ａ）に導入するようにし、所定の粒径以上の土砂Ｍ３は、分離装置７ｂに導入し、脱水スクリーン１０により脱水を行い、洗浄土砂Ｍ０を得るようにしている。 On the other hand, the earth and sand M1 having a predetermined particle diameter or more is introduced into the washing machine 8 (in this embodiment, the same structure as the washing machine 3 is used) and rubbed between the earth and sand. As shown in FIG. 2 (c), the abrasive material D is adhered to the earth and sand M as shown in FIG. 2 (d). The particle M can be sized (the unevenness of the particle surface can be eliminated to make it difficult for the radioactive substance D to remain).
Then, using the particle sizer 9 made of a vibrating sieve, the earth and sand M3 having a predetermined particle size or more, specifically, a specific particle size or more in the range of 1 to 5 mm (2 mm or more in this embodiment) The soil M4 having a particle size of less than a predetermined particle size (in this embodiment, less than 2 mm) is classified, and the soil M4 having a particle size of less than a predetermined particle size is subjected to an impact washer 6 (in this embodiment, The earth and sand M3 having a predetermined particle diameter or more is introduced into the impact washer 6a) and introduced into the separation device 7b and dehydrated by the dewatering screen 10 to obtain the washed earth and sand M0.

原水槽１１に導入された放射性物質が付着したシルト・粘土分を含む濁水は、ｐＨ中和槽１４で苛性ソーダ等のｐＨ中和剤やＰＡＣ（ポリ塩化アルミニウム）等の凝集剤等からなる添加剤１３ａが添加された後、必要に応じて凝集反応槽１５で高分子凝集剤等からなる添加剤１３ｂが添加され、スラリー槽１６を介してフィルタプレス１７に送られ脱水ケーキＣを得るようにしている。
なお、フィルタプレス１７で発生した処理水は、濾過水槽１８を介して原水槽１１に導入し、凝集反応槽で発生した処理水は、処理水貯留槽１９に導入し、加水用の水Ｗとして利用したり、適宜処理を行った後、下水に放流するようにしている。 The turbid water containing silt and clay adhering to the radioactive substance introduced into the raw water tank 11 is an additive comprising a pH neutralizer such as caustic soda and a flocculant such as PAC (polyaluminum chloride) in the pH neutralizer 14. After 13a is added, an additive 13b made of a polymer flocculant or the like is added in the agglomeration reaction tank 15 as necessary, and sent to the filter press 17 via the slurry tank 16 to obtain a dehydrated cake C. Yes.
The treated water generated in the filter press 17 is introduced into the raw water tank 11 through the filtered water tank 18, and the treated water generated in the agglomeration reaction tank is introduced into the treated water storage tank 19 and is added as water W for water addition. After being used or appropriately treated, it is discharged into sewage.

以上、本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法について、その実施例に基づいて説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に記載した構成に限定されるものではなく、その趣旨を逸脱しない範囲において適宜その構成を変更することができるものである。   As mentioned above, although the washing | cleaning of the radioactive material contaminated earth and sand of this invention and the volume reduction method were demonstrated based on the Example, this invention is not limited to the structure described in the said Example, It deviates from the meaning. The configuration can be appropriately changed within a range not to be performed.

本発明の放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法は、放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の土砂の浄化、特に、当該土壌に含まれる砂及びレキ分の浄化を確実に行うことによって、放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の除染率を高め、汚染された土壌の減容化率を向上することができることから、原子力発電所事故による大量に発生した放射性物質によって汚染された土壌の処理に好適に用いることができる。   The method for cleaning and reducing the volume of radioactive material-contaminated earth and sand according to the present invention is a method for purifying the soil and soil of soil contaminated with radioactive material, in particular, by performing the purification of sand and leke contained in the soil. Can improve the decontamination rate of contaminated soil and improve the volume reduction rate of contaminated soil, so it is suitable for the treatment of soil contaminated with radioactive materials generated in large quantities by nuclear power plant accidents Can be used.

１ 分粒機
２ 破砕機
３ 洗浄機
４ 分離装置
５ 分粒機
６ 衝撃洗浄機
６ａ 衝撃洗浄機
６ｂ 衝撃洗浄機
７ａ 分離装置
７ｂ 分離装置
８ 洗浄機
９ 分粒機
１０ 脱水スクリーン
１１ 原水槽
１２ 水槽
１３ａ 添加剤
１３ｂ 添加剤
１４ ｐＨ中和槽
１５ 凝集反応槽
１６ スラリー槽
１７ フィルタプレス
１８ 濾過水槽
１９ 処理水貯留槽
Ｍ 放射性物質汚染土砂
Ｍ０ 洗浄土砂
Ｗ 水 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sizing machine 2 Crusher 3 Washing machine 4 Separating device 5 Sizing machine 6 Impact cleaning machine 6a Impact cleaning machine 6b Impact cleaning machine 7a Separating device 7b Separating device 8 Washing machine 9 Sizing machine 10 Dehydration screen 11 Raw water tank 12 Water tank 13a Additive 13b Additive 14 pH neutralization tank 15 Coagulation reaction tank 16 Slurry tank 17 Filter press 18 Filtration water tank 19 Treated water storage tank M Radioactive substance contaminated earth and sand M0 Washing earth and sand W Water

Claims (1)

放射性物質汚染土砂に水を加えて洗浄機に導入し、該洗浄機においてスラリー化した後、分離装置で土砂の細粒分を分離する分級洗浄を行った後、分粒機を用いて分級し、所定の粒径以上のレキを、洗浄機に導入してレキ同士の摩擦によりレキの表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させ、レキと放射性物質を含む濁水を分離装置に導入してレキと放射性物質を含む濁水とに分離し、所定の粒径未満のレキ及び砂を、キャビテーション作用を利用した衝撃洗浄機に導入してキャビテーション気泡の崩壊による衝撃力によりレキ及び砂の表面に付着した放射性物質を離脱させ、レキ及び砂と放射性物質を含む濁水を分離装置に導入してレキ及び砂と放射性物質を含む濁水とに分離し、前記放射性物質を含む濁水を、凝集沈殿、脱水処理することにより放射性物質を含む脱水ケーキを得るようにしたことを特徴とする放射性物質汚染土砂の洗浄、減容化方法。   After adding water to the radioactive material contaminated soil and introducing it into a washing machine and making it into a slurry in the washing machine, classifying and washing with a separating device to separate fine particles of the earth and sand, and classifying using a classifier. Introducing a rake larger than a predetermined particle size into a washing machine, separating radioactive material adhering to the surface of the rake by friction between the rakes, and introducing turbid water containing the leki and radioactive material into the separation device Radioactive material that is separated from turbid water containing substances, and that adheres to the surface of sand and sand due to the impact force caused by the collapse of cavitation bubbles after introducing the sand and sand having a particle size of less than a predetermined particle size into an impact washer that uses cavitation. The turbid water containing leki, sand and radioactive material is introduced into the separation device and separated into turbid water containing leki, sand and radioactive material, and the muddy water containing radioactive material is subjected to coagulation sedimentation and dehydration treatment. Yo Cleaning of radioactive pollution sediment, characterized in that to obtain a dehydrated cake containing radioactive materials, volume reduction method.
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