JP2013130647A - Polarization conversion element and projection device using the same - Google Patents
Polarization conversion element and projection device using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、偏光変換素子とこれを用いた投影装置に関し、特に、同軸上に偏光光を重畳する偏光変換素子とこれを用いた投影装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a polarization conversion element and a projection apparatus using the same, and more particularly to a polarization conversion element that superimposes polarized light on the same axis and a projection apparatus using the same.
偏光変換素子は、偏光光の利用効率を向上するため、液晶表示素子等をライトバルブとして用いる投影型映像表示装置(以下、「投影装置」と記す)に用いられている。また、近年、携帯電話等の携帯機器に対する投影装置の搭載が望まれており、搭載される光学部品にも小型化が要求されている。投影装置の小型化を図る場合には、光源についても小型化を図る必要がある。そのため、光源として、例えばLED等の発光素子が適用される。しかし、LED等の小型の光源はハロゲンランプや高圧水銀ランプ等と比較して輝度が十分でないため、光学系の工夫による照明効率の向上が重要となる。 The polarization conversion element is used in a projection video display apparatus (hereinafter referred to as “projection apparatus”) using a liquid crystal display element or the like as a light valve in order to improve the utilization efficiency of polarized light. In recent years, it has been desired to mount a projection apparatus on a mobile device such as a mobile phone, and downsizing of optical components to be mounted is also required. In order to reduce the size of the projection apparatus, it is necessary to reduce the size of the light source. Therefore, for example, a light emitting element such as an LED is applied as the light source. However, since a small light source such as an LED does not have sufficient luminance as compared with a halogen lamp or a high-pressure mercury lamp, it is important to improve illumination efficiency by devising an optical system.
照明効率を向上させる方法として、例えば、投影装置を、LED等の光源と該光源の光利用効率を高める偏光変換素子(偏光ビームスプリッタ)、光を整形するレンズ、液晶表示素子、投射レンズ等で構成することが提案されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。 As a method for improving the illumination efficiency, for example, the projection apparatus is composed of a light source such as an LED and a polarization conversion element (polarization beam splitter) that increases the light use efficiency of the light source, a lens that shapes light, a liquid crystal display element, a projection lens, and the like. It is proposed to configure (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
しかし、45度に傾けた偏光分離面を用いる偏光変換素子は、光源の大きさに対し、略倍の出光部面積が必要となり、小型化に対応できないのが実状である。 However, a polarization conversion element using a polarization separation surface tilted at 45 degrees requires a light output area that is approximately double the size of the light source, and is actually unable to cope with downsizing.
また、反射体上に発光体を設けると共に、発光体を中心として半球状となるように透明樹脂を形成し、該透明樹脂を覆うように反射偏光膜を形成することが提案されている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。 Further, it has been proposed that a light emitter is provided on a reflector, a transparent resin is formed so as to be hemispherical around the light emitter, and a reflective polarizing film is formed so as to cover the transparent resin (for example, , See Patent Document 2).
しかし、特許文献2では、光源となる発光体が半球状の中心に位置しているため、反射偏光膜で反射される偏光光が、半球状の中心部分(発光体の配置領域)に集光される。このため、反射偏光膜で反射された偏光光の利用効率が十分に図れないおそれがある。また、仮に反射偏光膜から出光する反射光があったとしても、平行光を得るためには、出光側にさらに複数のレンズが必要となり、小型化が十分に図ることができない。 However, in Patent Document 2, since the light emitter serving as the light source is located at the center of the hemisphere, the polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizing film is condensed on the center portion of the hemisphere (arrangement region of the light emitter). Is done. For this reason, there is a possibility that the utilization efficiency of the polarized light reflected by the reflective polarizing film cannot be sufficiently achieved. Further, even if there is reflected light emitted from the reflective polarizing film, a plurality of lenses are further required on the light output side in order to obtain parallel light, and the size reduction cannot be sufficiently achieved.
本発明はかかる点に鑑みてなされたものであり、小型で光の利用効率が高い偏光変換素子、及び当該偏光変換素子を用いる投影装置を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY An advantage of some aspects of the invention is that it provides a polarization conversion element that is small in size and has high light use efficiency, and a projection apparatus that uses the polarization conversion element.
本発明の偏光変換素子は、光源から出射された出射光を偏光分離する偏光変換素子であって、所定方向の偏光成分を透過し、前記所定方向に略直交する方向の偏光成分を反射する偏光分離面と、前記偏光分離面で反射された偏光光を前記偏光分離面に向けて反射する反射面と、を有し、前記偏光分離面は、前記反射面に前記反射された偏光光を向ける曲面形状を有することを特徴とする。 The polarization conversion element according to the present invention is a polarization conversion element that polarizes and separates outgoing light emitted from a light source, and transmits polarized light in a predetermined direction and reflects polarized light in a direction substantially orthogonal to the predetermined direction. A separation surface; and a reflection surface that reflects the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface toward the polarization separation surface, wherein the polarization separation surface directs the reflected polarized light to the reflection surface. It has a curved surface shape.
この構成によれば、曲面形状を有する偏光分離面で偏光分離された反射偏光光は、光源の周囲に位置する反射面に向けられる。また、光源からの出射光の中で、偏光分離面を透過した光(透過偏光光)と、偏光分離面で反射した後に透過した光(反射偏光透過光)が同軸上で平行に重畳される。そのため、光源からの光の利用効率を高く保つと共にレンズ等の光学素子の数を削減することができるため、小型で光の利用効率が高い投影装置を実現できる。 According to this configuration, the reflected polarized light that is polarized and separated by the polarization separation surface having a curved surface shape is directed to the reflection surface located around the light source. In addition, in the light emitted from the light source, the light transmitted through the polarization separation surface (transmission polarization light) and the light transmitted after being reflected by the polarization separation surface (reflection polarization transmission light) are superimposed on the same axis in parallel. . Therefore, it is possible to maintain a high use efficiency of light from the light source and reduce the number of optical elements such as lenses, and thus it is possible to realize a small projection device with high use efficiency of light.
本発明の偏光変換素子において、前記偏光分離面の曲面の曲率半径をR、前記光源から前記偏光分離面までの距離をTとした場合に、R/T>1を満たすことが好ましい。より好ましくは、R/Tが1.7以上2以下を満たすようにする。 In the polarization conversion element of the present invention, it is preferable that R / T> 1 is satisfied, where R is a radius of curvature of the curved surface of the polarization separation surface and T is a distance from the light source to the polarization separation surface. More preferably, R / T satisfies 1.7 or more and 2 or less.
本発明の偏光変換素子において、前記反射面が開口部を有し、前記開口部を介して前記出射光が前記偏光分離面に入射することが好ましい。 In the polarization conversion element of the present invention, it is preferable that the reflection surface has an opening, and the emitted light enters the polarization separation surface through the opening.
本発明の偏光変換素子において、前記開口部に前記光源からの出射光を導くライトガイドが設けられていることが好ましい。 In the polarization conversion element of the present invention, it is preferable that a light guide for guiding emitted light from the light source is provided in the opening.
本発明の偏光変換素子において、前記偏光分離面と前記反射面との間に、位相差フィルムを有することが好ましい。 In the polarization conversion element of the present invention, it is preferable that a retardation film is provided between the polarization separation surface and the reflection surface.
本発明の偏光変換素子において、前記光源と前記偏光分離面との間に、前記偏光分離面と透過軸が略直交する吸収型偏光板をさらに有する構成とすることができる。 In the polarization conversion element of the present invention, an absorption polarizing plate in which a transmission axis is substantially orthogonal to the polarization separation surface can be provided between the light source and the polarization separation surface.
本発明の偏光変換素子において、前記偏光分離面がワイヤグリッド偏光子で形成されていることが好ましい。また、前記ワイヤグリッド偏光子のピッチが130nm以下であることが好ましい。 In the polarization conversion element of the present invention, it is preferable that the polarization separation surface is formed of a wire grid polarizer. The pitch of the wire grid polarizer is preferably 130 nm or less.
また、本発明の偏光変換素子は、投影装置、ビューファインダ、ヘッドマウントディスプレイ等の電子機器に適用される。 Further, the polarization conversion element of the present invention is applied to electronic devices such as a projection device, a viewfinder, and a head mounted display.
本発明によれば、小型で光の利用効率が高い偏光変換素子、及び当該偏光変換素子を用いた投影装置を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a polarization conversion element that is small and has high light utilization efficiency, and a projection device that uses the polarization conversion element.
本発明者は、偏光分離面と反射面とを対向するように設け、偏光分離面で反射された偏光光が反射面に向かうように偏光分離面の形状を制御することにより、偏光光の利用効率の向上を図ると共に、偏光光を同軸上に均一に重畳して照度を向上できることを見出した。そして、このような偏光変換素子を用いることにより、光の利用効率が高い小型の投影装置を実現可能であることを見出した。以下、本発明の実施の形態について添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。 The present inventor uses the polarized light by providing the polarization separation surface and the reflection surface so as to face each other and controlling the shape of the polarization separation surface so that the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface faces the reflection surface. It was found that the illuminance can be improved by improving the efficiency and uniformly superimposing the polarized light on the same axis. Then, it has been found that by using such a polarization conversion element, it is possible to realize a small projection device with high light utilization efficiency. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図1は、本実施の形態に係る偏光変換素子を示す模式図である。図1に示される偏光変換素子10は、光源21から出射された出射光を偏光分離するものである。具体的に、偏光変換素子10は、所定方向の偏光成分(例えば、S偏光)を透過し、当該所定方向に略直交する方向の偏光成分(例えば、P偏光)を反射する偏光分離面11と、偏光分離面11で反射された偏光光が、再度偏光分離面11に向かうように反射する反射面12とを有している。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a polarization conversion element according to the present embodiment. A polarization conversion element 10 shown in FIG. 1 is for polarizing and separating outgoing light emitted from a light source 21. Specifically, the polarization conversion element 10 transmits a polarization component (for example, S-polarized light) in a predetermined direction, and reflects a polarization component (for example, P-polarized light) in a direction substantially orthogonal to the predetermined direction. The polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface 11 has a reflection surface 12 that reflects the light toward the polarization separation surface 11 again.
偏光分離面11は、当該偏光分離面11で反射された偏光光が反射面12に向けられるように、曲面形状を有している。例えば、偏光分離面11の曲面形状の曲率半径をR、光源21から偏光分離面11までの距離をTとした場合、R>T(R/T>1)を満たすように偏光分離面11の曲面形状が形成される。 The polarization separation surface 11 has a curved surface shape so that the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface 11 is directed to the reflection surface 12. For example, when the curvature radius of the curved surface shape of the polarization separation surface 11 is R and the distance from the light source 21 to the polarization separation surface 11 is T, the polarization separation surface 11 satisfies R> T (R / T> 1). A curved surface shape is formed.
例えば、偏光分離面11の曲面形状の曲率半径が、光源21が中心に位置する曲率半径(R1)である場合(T=R1)、偏光分離面11で反射された偏光光は、光源21に集光される。そのため、本実施の形態では、少なくともR>T(R/T>1)を満たすように偏光分離面11の曲面形状を形成することにより、偏光分離面11で反射された偏光光を、光源21に集光するのではなく反射面12に向けることが可能となる。これにより、偏光分離面11で反射される偏光光の利用効率を向上することができる。 For example, when the curvature radius of the curved shape of the polarization separation surface 11 is the curvature radius (R 1 ) at which the light source 21 is located at the center (T = R 1 ), the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface 11 is the light source 21 is condensed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface 11 is converted into the light source 21 by forming the curved shape of the polarization separation surface 11 so as to satisfy at least R> T (R / T> 1). It is possible to direct the light toward the reflecting surface 12 instead of condensing it. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface 11 can be improved.
また、偏光分離面11の曲面形状として、好ましくはR/Tが1.7以上2以下となるように形成する。Tの値を小さくすることにより、光源21からの拡散光を偏光分離面11で高い平行光にすると共にビーム系を絞ることが可能となる。この範囲を外れると偏光分離面11からの出射光が徐々に拡散してしまう。また、偏光変換素子10自体の小型化を図ることができる。 The curved shape of the polarization separation surface 11 is preferably formed so that R / T is 1.7 or more and 2 or less. By reducing the value of T, the diffused light from the light source 21 can be made highly parallel light on the polarization separation surface 11 and the beam system can be narrowed down. Outside this range, the light emitted from the polarization separation surface 11 gradually diffuses. Further, the polarization conversion element 10 itself can be reduced in size.
また、偏光変換素子10において、反射面12と偏光分離面11との間に位相差フィルム13を設けることができる。位相差フィルム13は、偏光光の偏光成分を所定の位相差(例えば、λ/4)だけ変換する。偏光分離面11と反射面12との間に位相差フィルム13を設けることにより、偏光分離面11で反射した偏光光(例えば、P偏光)に対して効果的に偏光変換を行うことが可能となる。 Further, in the polarization conversion element 10, a retardation film 13 can be provided between the reflection surface 12 and the polarization separation surface 11. The retardation film 13 converts the polarization component of the polarized light by a predetermined retardation (for example, λ / 4). By providing the retardation film 13 between the polarization separation surface 11 and the reflection surface 12, it is possible to effectively perform polarization conversion on polarized light (for example, P-polarized light) reflected by the polarization separation surface 11. Become.
また、反射面12は、光源21からの出射光を取り込む開口部14を中央部に有する構成とすることができる。この場合、開口部14に光源21からの出射光を導くライトガイド15を設けることが好ましい。このように、反射面12に光源21からの出射光を取り込む開口部14を設けることにより、偏光変換素子10に対して、光源21の脱着を容易に行う構成とすることができる。なお、反射面12に開口部14を設けずに、当該反射面12上に光源21を設ける構成としてもよい。 Further, the reflecting surface 12 can be configured to have an opening 14 for receiving the emitted light from the light source 21 at the center. In this case, it is preferable to provide a light guide 15 that guides light emitted from the light source 21 in the opening 14. As described above, by providing the reflection surface 12 with the opening 14 that takes in the light emitted from the light source 21, the light source 21 can be easily attached to and detached from the polarization conversion element 10. In addition, it is good also as a structure which provides the light source 21 on the said reflective surface 12, without providing the opening part 14 in the reflective surface 12. FIG.
また、偏光分離面11と反射面12等は、基板に一体化して設けることができる。図2に、偏光分離面11と反射面12とを一体化して設ける場合の一例を示す。 Further, the polarization separation surface 11 and the reflection surface 12 can be provided integrally with the substrate. FIG. 2 shows an example in which the polarization separation surface 11 and the reflection surface 12 are provided integrally.
図2に示す偏光変換素子10は、反射面12、ライトガイド15、位相差フィルム13及び偏光分離面11が一体化して形成されている。ここで、一体化して形成されているとは、一枚の基板上にこれらの部材が積層されている場合、これらの部材が粘着剤や接着剤等で互いに固着している場合等をいう。例えば、ワイヤグリッド等の偏光素子が形成された基板を押圧等により曲面形状として偏光分離面11を形成した後、当該偏光分離面11を構成する基板に、位相差フィルム13、ライトガイド15、反射面12等を粘着剤や接着剤を用いて積層することができる。 The polarization conversion element 10 shown in FIG. 2 is formed by integrating a reflection surface 12, a light guide 15, a retardation film 13, and a polarization separation surface 11. Here, being integrally formed means that these members are laminated on a single substrate, or these members are fixed to each other with an adhesive or an adhesive. For example, after the polarization separation surface 11 is formed in a curved shape by pressing a substrate on which a polarizing element such as a wire grid is pressed, the retardation film 13, the light guide 15, the reflection is applied to the substrate constituting the polarization separation surface 11. The surface 12 and the like can be laminated using an adhesive or an adhesive.
また、図2に示す偏光変換素子10において、各部材を以下の通り定義した際に、以下に説明する関係を満たす形状とすることが好ましい。 Moreover, in the polarization conversion element 10 shown in FIG. 2, when each member is defined as follows, it is preferable to make it the shape which satisfy | fills the relationship demonstrated below.
光源の直径:d
偏光分離面の直径:D
基板直径:L
基板厚み:T
Light source diameter: d
Diameter of polarization separation surface: D
Substrate diameter: L
Substrate thickness: T
なお、光源の直径(d)として、光源(発光素子の発光面)が矩形状である場合には、長辺と短辺の平均値とする。偏光分離面の直径(D)は、曲面形状の偏光分離面を円と仮定した場合の直径を指す。基板直径(L)として、基板が矩形状である場合には、長辺と短辺の平均値とする。基板厚み(T)は、一体形成された偏光変換素子の厚みに相当し、具体的には、図2において、反射面12の開口部(ライトガイド)の下面から偏光分離面11までの距離に相当する。 Note that the diameter (d) of the light source is an average value of the long side and the short side when the light source (light emitting surface of the light emitting element) is rectangular. The diameter (D) of the polarization separation surface indicates the diameter when the curved polarization separation surface is assumed to be a circle. As the substrate diameter (L), when the substrate is rectangular, the average value of the long side and the short side is used. The substrate thickness (T) corresponds to the thickness of the integrally formed polarization conversion element. Specifically, in FIG. 2, the substrate thickness (T) is the distance from the lower surface of the opening (light guide) of the reflection surface 12 to the polarization separation surface 11. Equivalent to.
上記の通り定義した場合、開口部を介して対向する反射面12の片側長さ(t)は、t≒(L−d)/2で表される。このとき、基板直径(L)を2dより大きくし(L>2d)、偏光分離面11の直径(D)を2d、好ましくは3dより大きくする(D>2d、好ましくはD>3d)。 When defined as described above, the one-side length (t) of the reflecting surface 12 facing through the opening is represented by t≈ (L−d) / 2. At this time, the substrate diameter (L) is made larger than 2d (L> 2d), and the diameter (D) of the polarization separation surface 11 is made larger than 2d, preferably 3d (D> 2d, preferably D> 3d).
基板直径(L)、偏光分離面11の直径(D)は、光源21の直径(d)の2倍以上とすることが好ましい。光源21から発光する光は、その正面部分で、光源21、すなわち反射しない領域に集光されるため、反射光として偏光分離面11に光をもどすことができない。したがって、基板直径(L)、偏光分離面11の直径(D)は、少なくとも光源21の直径の2倍、好ましくは3倍以上の長さとすることが好ましい。 The substrate diameter (L) and the diameter (D) of the polarization separation surface 11 are preferably set to be twice or more the diameter (d) of the light source 21. The light emitted from the light source 21 is focused on the light source 21, that is, the non-reflecting region, at the front portion thereof, and thus the light cannot be returned to the polarization separation surface 11 as reflected light. Accordingly, it is preferable that the substrate diameter (L) and the diameter (D) of the polarization separation surface 11 are at least twice as long as the diameter of the light source 21, preferably 3 times or more.
反射面12の大きさは、基板直径(L)とほぼ等しくすることができる。また、上述したように、光源21が配置される領域(例えば、反射面12の中央部)に開口部(透過部)を設けた構成とすることができる。開口部の間には、光源21からの出射光を導くライトガイドを設けることが好ましい。 The size of the reflecting surface 12 can be approximately equal to the substrate diameter (L). Further, as described above, an opening (transmission portion) may be provided in a region where the light source 21 is disposed (for example, the central portion of the reflection surface 12). It is preferable to provide a light guide that guides light emitted from the light source 21 between the openings.
基板厚み(T)は、偏光分離面11の曲率半径Rで決まる。R≒Tにおいては、偏光分離面11で反射された偏光光が光源21(開口部)に集光するため、反射した偏光光を有効に再利用できない。Tの値が小さくなるにつれて、広がり角が大きくなり、R/T≒2付近では極めて高い平行光を形成可能となる。一方、Tの値が大きくなる(例えば、T≒R)につれて集光が強くなり、偏光分離面11の出光側にさらに複数のレンズが必要となる。そのため、少なくともR>Tとなるように偏光分離面11の曲面を形成し、好ましくはR/Tが1.7以上2以下とする。 The substrate thickness (T) is determined by the radius of curvature R of the polarization separation surface 11. When R≈T, the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface 11 is condensed on the light source 21 (opening), and therefore the reflected polarized light cannot be effectively reused. As the value of T decreases, the divergence angle increases, and extremely high parallel light can be formed in the vicinity of R / T≈2. On the other hand, as the value of T increases (for example, T≈R), the condensing becomes stronger, and a plurality of lenses are further required on the light output side of the polarization separation surface 11. Therefore, the curved surface of the polarization separation surface 11 is formed so that at least R> T, and preferably R / T is 1.7 or more and 2 or less.
曲率を有する偏光分離面11としては、所定の偏光成分(例えば、S偏光)を透過すると共に、当該所定方向に略直交する方向の偏光成分(例えば、P偏光)を反射する偏光膜で形成することができる。偏光分離面11の一例として、ワイヤグリッド偏光フィルム(例えば、旭化成イーマテリアルズ製ワイヤグリッド偏光フィルム)を好適に用いることができる。ワイヤグリッド偏光フィルムは、TAC基材と紫外線硬化樹脂で作られる微細凹凸と該微細凹凸に沿う形でアルミニウム等の金属ワイヤで構成される。フィルム基材は、シクロオレフィン系ポリマー、ポリカーボネート、PET等加熱等で延伸可能なものであれば特に限定されない。ワイヤグリッド層を形成する基材フィルム厚みは特に限定しないが、加熱延伸によるレンズ形状を形成するにあたり、金型への形状追従性から200ミクロン以下、好ましくは100ミクロン以下が適当である。 The polarization separation surface 11 having a curvature is formed of a polarizing film that transmits a predetermined polarization component (for example, S-polarized light) and reflects a polarization component (for example, P-polarized light) in a direction substantially orthogonal to the predetermined direction. be able to. As an example of the polarization separation surface 11, a wire grid polarizing film (for example, a wire grid polarizing film manufactured by Asahi Kasei E-Materials) can be suitably used. A wire grid polarizing film is comprised with metal wires, such as aluminum, in the form along the fine unevenness | corrugation made from a TAC base material and an ultraviolet curable resin, and this fine unevenness | corrugation. The film base material is not particularly limited as long as it can be stretched by heating such as cycloolefin polymer, polycarbonate, and PET. The thickness of the base film for forming the wire grid layer is not particularly limited. However, in forming a lens shape by heat stretching, a thickness of 200 microns or less, preferably 100 microns or less, is appropriate in view of the shape following ability to the mold.
基板材料は、偏光分離面11の曲面形状(レンズ形状)が付与されたガラスや樹脂材料を用いることができる。この場合、曲面形状を有するガラス基板等の材料に対し粘着剤もしくは接着剤を介して、反射偏光フィルムをガラス基板曲面上に押圧することで形成することができる。なお、この際、製品使用環境温度、たとえば105度以上、もしくは反射偏光フィルム基材のガラス転移温度Tg以下に加熱した状態で、反射偏光フィルムをガラス基板曲面上に押圧することが好ましい。 As the substrate material, glass or resin material provided with a curved surface shape (lens shape) of the polarization separation surface 11 can be used. In this case, it can form by pressing a reflective polarizing film on a glass substrate curved surface via an adhesive or an adhesive agent with respect to materials, such as a glass substrate which has a curved shape. At this time, it is preferable to press the reflective polarizing film onto the curved surface of the glass substrate in a state where it is heated to a product use environment temperature, for example, 105 ° C. or more, or a glass transition temperature Tg of the reflective polarizing film substrate.
基板材料が樹脂の場合は、あらかじめ基板となる樹脂板に粘着剤もしくは接着剤を介して、偏光フィルムを貼り付けた後、レンズ形状を形成する金型に挟み、加熱、押圧することで簡単に樹脂基板と一体化した、曲面の偏光分離面を形成できる。樹脂材料としては、COP、PC、PET、PMMA等透過率の高く、かつ複屈折の少ない基材が好ましいが、材質は特に限定されない。例えば、PMMAの場合であれば、Tgが80度から90度程度のため上述の加熱温度範囲で加工できる。 If the substrate material is a resin, a polarizing film is pasted on a resin plate that becomes a substrate in advance via an adhesive or adhesive, and then sandwiched between molds that form a lens shape, and then heated and pressed. A curved polarized light separation surface integrated with the resin substrate can be formed. The resin material is preferably a base material having high transmittance and low birefringence, such as COP, PC, PET, PMMA, but the material is not particularly limited. For example, in the case of PMMA, since Tg is about 80 to 90 degrees, it can be processed in the above heating temperature range.
反射面12は、Al等の反射率が高い導電膜で形成できる。また、光源21が設けられる位置に開口部を設け、偏光変換素子全体を覆う形でアルミやSUS等の鏡面金属で、板金プレス等で形成することができる(図6参照)。また、樹脂基材上にAl等をスパッタ、蒸着等したものを、偏光分離面11が形成された基板に接着、粘着等に一体化しても良い。また、反射面12には無機材料等のコーティング等により増反射膜を形成、高反射率化したものが好適に用いられる。 The reflective surface 12 can be formed of a conductive film having a high reflectance such as Al. Moreover, an opening can be provided at a position where the light source 21 is provided, and it can be formed by a sheet metal press or the like with a mirror metal such as aluminum or SUS so as to cover the entire polarization conversion element (see FIG. 6). Further, a material obtained by sputtering or vapor-depositing Al or the like on a resin base material may be integrated with adhesion, adhesion or the like on the substrate on which the polarization separation surface 11 is formed. In addition, the reflective surface 12 is preferably formed by forming a reflection-enhancing film by coating with an inorganic material or the like and increasing the reflectance.
反射面12にAl等の鏡面板を用い、光源21が鏡面板と距離を有する場合、樹脂又はガラス材料で形成されたライトガイド15を用いることが好ましい。これにより、光源21の拡散光を効率よく取り込むことができる。また、ライトガイド15は曲面形状に形成される(レンズ化される)基板材料と一体に形成してもよい。 When a mirror plate such as Al is used for the reflection surface 12 and the light source 21 has a distance from the mirror plate, it is preferable to use a light guide 15 formed of a resin or glass material. Thereby, the diffused light of the light source 21 can be taken in efficiently. Further, the light guide 15 may be formed integrally with a substrate material that is formed into a curved surface shape (formed as a lens).
また、基板として樹脂材料を適用する場合に、樹脂が複屈折を持たない場合、偏光分離面11と反射面12の光路間上にλ/4の位相差フィルム13を設けることで、効率的に反射偏光された偏光光を透過偏光光に変換することができる。 Further, when a resin material is applied as the substrate, if the resin does not have birefringence, a λ / 4 retardation film 13 is provided between the optical paths of the polarization separation surface 11 and the reflection surface 12 to efficiently The reflected polarized light can be converted into transmitted polarized light.
なお、樹脂が複屈折を持つ場合、反射偏光光はランダム偏光化され、透過偏光光に変化した分が透過し、もう一方の偏光は再度ランダム偏光化され反射面12に戻る。これを繰り返すことで、透過偏光光は重畳される。この場合には、位相差フィルム13を省くことができる。 In the case where the resin has birefringence, the reflected polarized light is randomly polarized, the amount changed to the transmitted polarized light is transmitted, and the other polarized light is again randomly polarized and returns to the reflecting surface 12. By repeating this, the transmitted polarized light is superimposed. In this case, the retardation film 13 can be omitted.
偏光分離面11、位相差フィルム13、ライトガイド15、反射面12の層間は、表面反射による損失を減らすため、接着剤、粘着剤等により一体化されていることが好ましい。例えば、上述したように、ワイヤグリッド等の偏光素子が形成された樹脂基板を押圧等により曲面形状として偏光分離面を形成した後、当該偏光分離面を構成する樹脂基板に、位相差フィルム13、反射面12、光源21等を粘着剤や接着剤を用いて積層することができる(図6参照)。なお、図6において、ワイヤグリッド偏光素子が形成された樹脂基材がライトガイドとして機能し得る。そのため、樹脂基材としては、COP、PMMA、PC、ガラス等で複屈折のない材料を用いることが好ましい。また、これらの部材を接着剤や粘着剤等の樹脂材料中に埋め込むことができる。このように、各部材を接着一体化することにより、界面反射が低減するため、光源21の利用効率を向上することができる。 The layers of the polarization separation surface 11, the retardation film 13, the light guide 15, and the reflection surface 12 are preferably integrated with an adhesive, an adhesive, or the like in order to reduce loss due to surface reflection. For example, as described above, the resin substrate on which a polarizing element such as a wire grid is formed is formed into a curved surface shape by pressing or the like to form a polarization separation surface, and then the retardation film 13 is formed on the resin substrate constituting the polarization separation surface. The reflective surface 12, the light source 21, and the like can be laminated using an adhesive or an adhesive (see FIG. 6). In FIG. 6, the resin base material on which the wire grid polarizing element is formed can function as a light guide. Therefore, it is preferable to use a material having no birefringence such as COP, PMMA, PC, glass, etc. as the resin base material. Further, these members can be embedded in a resin material such as an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. In this way, by interfacing and integrating the members, interface reflection is reduced, so that the utilization efficiency of the light source 21 can be improved.
なお、上記、図1、2で示した偏光変換素子10では、透過偏光光と反射偏光透過光を重畳する構成となっているが、本実施の形態はこれに限られない。例えば、図3に示すように、光源21と偏光分離面11との間(例えば、ライトガイド15の下面)に、偏光分離面11と透過軸が略直交する吸収型偏光板16をさらに設けた構成としてもよい。 The polarization conversion element 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is configured to superimpose transmitted polarized light and reflected polarized transmitted light. However, the present embodiment is not limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, an absorption polarizing plate 16 whose transmission axis is substantially orthogonal to the polarization separation surface 11 is further provided between the light source 21 and the polarization separation surface 11 (for example, the lower surface of the light guide 15). It is good also as a structure.
この場合、偏光分離面11で一度反射された反射偏光透過光のみを利用する構成となるが、短い距離で、高い平行光を得られ、レンズ等の部品点数を減らせ、小型化ができる。また該構成では、短い部品寸法の中で、光路を長くすることができ、たとえばLEDのRGB色の混色を図ることができる。 In this case, only the reflected polarized light that has been reflected once by the polarization separation surface 11 is used. However, high parallel light can be obtained at a short distance, and the number of components such as lenses can be reduced and the size can be reduced. Moreover, in this structure, an optical path can be lengthened in a short part dimension, for example, the RGB color mixture of LED can be aimed at.
なお、偏光分離面11をワイヤグリッド偏光フィルムで形成する場合、曲面形状を有する偏光分離面11は、曲率によって延伸を受けることになる(図4参照)。したがって、ワイヤグリッド偏光フィルムにおいて曲率を決定する際、以下の式(1)を満たすことが望ましい。 In addition, when forming the polarization separation surface 11 with a wire grid polarizing film, the polarization separation surface 11 having a curved shape is stretched by the curvature (see FIG. 4). Therefore, when determining a curvature in a wire grid polarizing film, it is desirable to satisfy the following formula (1).
式(1)
0<[(((L1×(1+ε1)×L2×(1+ε2))/L1×L2)−1]×100<200(%)
Formula (1)
0 <[(((L1 × (1 + ε1) × L2 × (1 + ε2)) / L1 × L2) −1] × 100 <200 (%)
L1:基板の縦長さ
L2:基板の横長さ
ε1:L1方向の引っ張りひずみ
ε2:L2方向の引っ張りひずみ
L1: Vertical length of substrate L2: Horizontal length of substrate ε1: Tensile strain in L1 direction ε2: Tensile strain in L2 direction
偏光分離面11の曲率が大きく、曲面形状の高さが低い場合は、2軸延伸倍率が小さく、ワイヤグリッド偏光層の光学性能は変化しない。しかし、曲率小さく、かつ半球状で高さが高くなる場合、均等に2軸延伸されたとすると、面積ひずみで200%超、ε1、ε2で各々40%以上となる。このため、ワイヤグリッド偏光層の金属ワイヤのピッチは少なくとも1.4倍に拡大する。したがって、ワイヤグリッド偏光フィルムの延伸後に好適な偏光分離性能を有するためには、延伸前で金属ワイヤのピッチが130nm、好ましくは100nm以下とする。 When the curvature of the polarization separation surface 11 is large and the height of the curved surface shape is low, the biaxial stretching magnification is small and the optical performance of the wire grid polarizing layer does not change. However, when the curvature is small and hemispherical and the height is high, if biaxially stretched uniformly, the area strain exceeds 200%, and ε1 and ε2 each exceed 40%. For this reason, the pitch of the metal wires of the wire grid polarizing layer is enlarged at least 1.4 times. Therefore, in order to have a suitable polarization separation performance after stretching the wire grid polarizing film, the pitch of the metal wires is 130 nm, preferably 100 nm or less before stretching.
また、ワイヤグリッド偏光フィルムは、2軸延伸や押圧加工(エンボス加工)に対して高い耐性を有しているため、偏光分離面11としてワイヤグリッド偏光フィルムを適用することにより、他の偏光板と比較して球面加工時の光学特性の劣化を低減することができる。 Further, since the wire grid polarizing film has high resistance to biaxial stretching and pressing (embossing), by applying the wire grid polarizing film as the polarization separation surface 11, In comparison, it is possible to reduce degradation of optical characteristics during spherical processing.
本実施の形態の偏光変換素子10は、広がりを有する透過偏光に対して、透過偏光より小さな広がり、もしくはほぼ平行な形で中心部分に出射される反射偏光光を重畳することができる。 The polarization conversion element 10 of the present embodiment can superimpose reflected polarized light emitted to the central portion in a form that is smaller than the transmitted polarized light or substantially parallel to the transmitted polarized light that has a spread.
また、輝度の均整度を向上させるため偏光分離面11に微拡散性を持たせることができる。例えば、押圧する金型に拡散性のパターンを付与しておくことで、曲面と拡散を同時に付与することが可能である。拡散性は、拡散角度が30度くらいまでが好適に用いることができる。過度な拡散は光の利用効率を低下させる。 In addition, the polarization splitting surface 11 can be given fine diffusibility in order to improve the luminance uniformity. For example, by imparting a diffusive pattern to the pressing mold, it is possible to simultaneously impart a curved surface and diffusion. The diffusibility can be suitably used up to a diffusion angle of about 30 degrees. Excessive diffusion reduces the light utilization efficiency.
また、透過偏光光と反射偏光透過光を均整度高く重畳するため、出光面側に拡散性フィルムを設けることができる。拡散性フィルムは、被照射物の形状を考慮して、異方性拡散を用いることができる。また、拡散性は、拡散角度30度くらいまでの範囲において、完全拡散比率<0.2、ガウス分布比率<0.8、ガウス分布σ2<0.2とすることが、光の利用効率の点から好ましい。また拡散フィルムを形成する材質は、偏光を崩さないため複屈折を有さないものが好ましい。 Further, since the transmitted polarized light and the reflected polarized transmitted light are superposed with high uniformity, a diffusive film can be provided on the light exit surface side. The diffusible film can use anisotropic diffusion in consideration of the shape of the irradiated object. In addition, in the range of diffusion angles up to about 30 degrees, the diffusibility is such that the complete diffusion ratio <0.2, the Gaussian distribution ratio <0.8, and the Gaussian distribution σ 2 <0.2. It is preferable from the point. The material for forming the diffusion film is preferably a material that does not have birefringence in order not to break the polarized light.
また、本実施の形態で示した偏光変換素子10の出光面側に、さらにレンズを置くことで、より光の広がりを制御可能である。レンズの枚数、形状は適宜設計追加できる。なお、上述した偏光変換素子10を一単位とし、該偏光変換素子10を複数並べた偏光変換光源とすることも可能である。 Further, by further placing a lens on the light exit surface side of the polarization conversion element 10 shown in the present embodiment, the spread of light can be controlled more. The number and shape of the lenses can be appropriately designed and added. In addition, it is also possible to use a polarization conversion light source in which the polarization conversion element 10 described above is a unit and a plurality of the polarization conversion elements 10 are arranged.
図5は、上記偏光変換素子10を用いた投影装置(小型プロジェクタ)の模式図である。図5に示すプロジェクタでは、まず、光源21から出射された出射光が上述した偏光変換素子10を用いて、平行光に整形される。例えば、偏光分離面11から出光する光(透過偏光光と反射偏光透過光)が重畳されると共に、均一に平行光となっている。その後、液晶表示素子31と投射レンズ32を介して、スクリーン33に映像が表示される。 FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a projection apparatus (small projector) using the polarization conversion element 10. In the projector shown in FIG. 5, first, the emitted light emitted from the light source 21 is shaped into parallel light using the polarization conversion element 10 described above. For example, light (transmitted polarized light and reflected polarized transmitted light) emitted from the polarization separation surface 11 is superimposed and is uniformly parallel light. Thereafter, an image is displayed on the screen 33 via the liquid crystal display element 31 and the projection lens 32.
上述のように、本実施の形態の偏光変換素子10を適用することにより、偏光変換素子10から出光した偏光光を平行光とすることができるため、平行光に整形するためのレンズの数を低減することが可能となる。なお、偏光変換素子10と液晶表示素子31の間にレンズを設けてもよいが、この場合であっても、偏光変換素子10とレンズとの距離を小さくすることができるため、プロジェクタの小型化を図ることができる。 As described above, by applying the polarization conversion element 10 of the present embodiment, the polarized light emitted from the polarization conversion element 10 can be converted into parallel light, so the number of lenses for shaping into parallel light can be reduced. It becomes possible to reduce. Although a lens may be provided between the polarization conversion element 10 and the liquid crystal display element 31, even in this case, since the distance between the polarization conversion element 10 and the lens can be reduced, the projector can be downsized. Can be achieved.
なお、本実施の形態の偏光変換素子10は、プロジェクタに限られず、ビューファインダ、ヘッドマウントディスプレイ等の他の電子機器にも適用することが可能である。 The polarization conversion element 10 according to the present embodiment is not limited to a projector, and can be applied to other electronic devices such as a viewfinder and a head mounted display.
以下に、本発明の偏光変換素子について、偏光分離面の曲率半径(R)と、光源から偏光分離面までの距離(T)を変化させた場合についてシミュレーションを行った結果を示す。なお、本発明は以下の実施例の内容に限定されない。 Hereinafter, with respect to the polarization conversion element of the present invention, a result of simulation for the case where the radius of curvature (R) of the polarization separation surface and the distance (T) from the light source to the polarization separation surface are changed is shown. The present invention is not limited to the contents of the following examples.
本実施例においては、光源、反射面、偏光分離面が積層された偏光変換素子のRとTの関係を変化させた場合の偏光分離面からの出射光について検討した。 In the present embodiment, the light emitted from the polarization separation surface when the relationship between R and T of the polarization conversion element in which the light source, the reflection surface, and the polarization separation surface are stacked was examined.
光源としては、LED光源を想定し、光源サイズを1.5×1.5mmの矩形状とした。また、光源から投影面までの距離を20mm(投影面寸法15×15mm)とした。また、反射面と偏光分離面の媒質として、空気(n=1)と樹脂又はガラス(n=1.51)を想定して行った。具体的な条件及び結果について、表1に示す。また、表1の条件1、条件2、条件4、条件5について、光源からの出射光の挙動に関するシミュレーション像を図7A〜図7Dに示す。なお、シミュレーションは、ベストメディア社製の照明Simulatorを用いて行った。 As the light source, an LED light source was assumed, and the light source size was a rectangular shape of 1.5 × 1.5 mm. The distance from the light source to the projection surface was 20 mm (projection surface size 15 × 15 mm). Further, air (n = 1) and resin or glass (n = 1.51) were assumed as the medium for the reflection surface and the polarization separation surface. Specific conditions and results are shown in Table 1. 7A to 7D show simulation images regarding the behavior of the light emitted from the light source with respect to Condition 1, Condition 2, Condition 4, and Condition 5 in Table 1. The simulation was performed using an illumination simulator manufactured by Best Media.
表1より、R/Tが1である場合、光源からの出射光は偏光分離面を透過できず、投影面に光線が到達しなかった。一方で、R/T>1の場合、具体的には、R/Tが1.5以上2.4以下である場合に、光線到達率が70%以上となった。 From Table 1, when R / T is 1, the emitted light from the light source cannot pass through the polarization separation surface, and the light beam does not reach the projection surface. On the other hand, when R / T> 1, specifically, when R / T is 1.5 or more and 2.4 or less, the light beam arrival rate is 70% or more.
特に、R/T=1.7の場合(条件2)、偏光分離面からの出射光が平行光となると共に、ビーム系を絞れることが分かった(図7A参照)。また、R/T=1.5の場合(条件1)、R/T=2.4の場合(条件6)には、R/T=1.7の場合と比較して、偏光分離面からの出射光の拡散が大きくなることが観察された。また、R/Tが1.7以上2.0以下の範囲において、投影面寸法をより小さくすることができた。 In particular, in the case of R / T = 1.7 (condition 2), it was found that the light emitted from the polarization separation surface becomes parallel light and the beam system can be narrowed (see FIG. 7A). Further, in the case of R / T = 1.5 (condition 1) and in the case of R / T = 2.4 (condition 6), compared to the case of R / T = 1.7, the polarization separation surface is used. It has been observed that the diffusion of the emitted light increases. In addition, in the range where R / T is 1.7 or more and 2.0 or less, the projection plane size can be further reduced.
以上の結果より、本実施の形態に係る偏光変換素子として、偏光分離面の曲面の曲率半径をR、前記光源から前記偏光分離面までの距離をTとした場合に、少なくともR/T>1を満たすように、好ましくはR/Tが1.7以上2以下となるように偏光分離面の曲面形状を形成することにより、偏光分離面で反射された偏光光を、光源に集光するのではなく反射面12に向け、偏光分離面から平行光を出射することが可能となる。これにより、偏光分離面で反射される偏光光の利用効率を向上することができる。 From the above results, when the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the polarization separation surface is R and the distance from the light source to the polarization separation surface is T as the polarization conversion element according to the present embodiment, at least R / T> 1. Preferably, the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface is condensed on the light source by forming the curved shape of the polarization separation surface so that R / T is 1.7 or more and 2 or less so as to satisfy Instead, parallel light can be emitted from the polarization separation surface toward the reflection surface 12. Thereby, the utilization efficiency of the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface can be improved.
本発明の偏光変換素子は、投影装置等の光学素子として適用することができる。 The polarization conversion element of the present invention can be applied as an optical element such as a projection apparatus.
10 偏光変換素子
11 偏光分離面
12 反射面
13 位相差フィルム
14 開口部
15 ライトガイド
16 吸収型偏光板
21 光源
31 液晶表示素子
32 投射レンズ
33 スクリーン
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Polarization conversion element 11 Polarization separation surface 12 Reflection surface 13 Phase difference film 14 Aperture 15 Light guide 16 Absorption type polarizing plate 21 Light source 31 Liquid crystal display element 32 Projection lens 33 Screen
Claims (10)
所定方向の偏光成分を透過すると共に前記所定方向に略直交する方向の偏光成分を反射する偏光分離面と、前記偏光分離面で反射された偏光光を前記偏光分離面に向けて反射する反射面と、を有し、
前記偏光分離面は、前記反射された偏光光を前記反射面に向ける曲面形状を有することを特徴とする偏光変換素子。 A polarization conversion element that polarization-separates outgoing light emitted from a light source,
A polarization separation surface that transmits a polarization component in a predetermined direction and reflects a polarization component in a direction substantially orthogonal to the predetermined direction, and a reflection surface that reflects the polarized light reflected by the polarization separation surface toward the polarization separation surface And having
The polarization conversion element, wherein the polarization separation surface has a curved shape that directs the reflected polarized light toward the reflection surface.
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