JP2013129567A - Artificial corallite product, and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Artificial corallite product, and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP2013129567A
JP2013129567A JP2011279989A JP2011279989A JP2013129567A JP 2013129567 A JP2013129567 A JP 2013129567A JP 2011279989 A JP2011279989 A JP 2011279989A JP 2011279989 A JP2011279989 A JP 2011279989A JP 2013129567 A JP2013129567 A JP 2013129567A
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coral
artificial
porous
light
derived
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Kosaku Hisagai
幸作 久貝
Toshimitsu Yara
利光 屋良
Tomomitsu Yokoyama
智光 横山
Yasutaka Yokota
泰孝 横田
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MIYACON KK
OKINAWA CEMENT KOGYO KK
Yorigami Maritime Construction Co Ltd
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MIYACON KK
OKINAWA CEMENT KOGYO KK
Yorigami Maritime Construction Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To achieve soft and porous artificial corallite similar to corals by utilizing a magnesium-based solidifying agent in a neutral region, and to provide a method for proliferating corals, and a method for improving an environment for marine life such as a fishing bank block.SOLUTION: By adopting the method for improving an environment for marine life whereby marine algae, algae or burrowing animals can grow easily in a porous material part by using artificial corallite obtained by forming a porous material similar to stony corals, growth of marine life such as marine algae, algae or burrowing animals is facilitated, and the undersea environment is improved. Further, since the artificial corallite is produced by being formed and cured under room temperature, the shape or the size can be obtained optionally.

Description

ミドリイシやハマサンゴなどのイシサンゴ類は、通常の石に比べて軟質でかつ図１のように多孔質である。本発明は、中性域のマグネシウム系固化剤により環境負荷が小さく、かつイシサンゴ類同様の多孔質を実現することにより、多孔質を効果的に利用可能とする。 The coral species such as green coral and sand coral are softer than ordinary stones and porous as shown in FIG. The present invention makes it possible to effectively use the porous material by realizing a porous material similar to the coral corals with a low environmental load by the neutral magnesium-based solidifying agent.

埋め立てや、護岸工事などで海岸線の開発が進む中、サンゴ礁の破壊が進行している。地球規模では温暖化によるサンゴの白化やオニヒトデの異常繁殖による食害でサンゴ礁は危機的なダメージを受けている。サンゴ礁の破壊は、生態系ピラミッドの底辺を支える小動物のすみかを破壊し、それらを餌とする小型、中型の魚類の生存を脅かしている。
従来技術として、消波ブロックに浅い溝を設け、サンゴやイソギンチャク、海藻などを付着させる方法があるが、穿孔して生息する動物やその穿たれた穴を利用して生息する動物は硬いブロックの内部に入り込むことができず、表面に付着しているだけのため、大きな波浪や台風などで剥落する可能性が大きい。
一方、ポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートは、強アルカリの性質であり、いわゆる灰汁が出るため環境への影響が大きいにも係わらず、波消しブロックや防波堤、漁礁など、依然としてポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートが使用されている。 Coral reefs are being destroyed while coastlines are being developed for land reclamation and revetment work. On a global scale, coral reefs have been severely damaged due to coral bleaching due to global warming and feeding damage caused by abnormal breeding of starfish. Coral reef destruction destroys the small animals that support the bottom of the ecosystem pyramid, threatening the survival of small and medium-sized fish that feed on them.
As a conventional technique, there is a method of providing a shallow groove in a wave-dissipating block and attaching corals, sea anemones, seaweeds, etc., but animals that inhabit through drilling and animals that inhabit using the drilled holes are hard blocks Since it cannot penetrate inside and is only attached to the surface, there is a high possibility of peeling off due to large waves or typhoons.
On the other hand, Portland cement-based concrete is a strongly alkaline property, and so-called lye is produced, so even though it has a large impact on the environment, Portland cement-based concrete is still used, such as wavebreak blocks, breakwaters, and fishing reefs. ing.

特願2010−166739Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-166739

このような問題を解決すべく、本発明の発明者らは、特許文献１として、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と中性域のマグネシウム系固化剤を微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、サンゴ同様の多孔質の人工サンゴ石を実現し、サンゴに穿孔して棲息する小動物のすみかを提供することによって、人工護岸等で破壊された海域においてサンゴ礁の成長を待たずに生態系の復元を促進する発明を提案した。さらに、このような特性を生かして、人工サンゴ石を広く利用できることに着目し、用途をいろいろと開発する必要性を痛感している。
本発明の技術的課題は、このような問題に着目し、中性域のマグネシウム系固化剤を採用して、環境負荷が小さく、かつサンゴ同様な軟質で多孔質の人工サンゴ石を利用し、サンゴに穿孔して棲息する小動物のすみかとしての利用に限らず、サンゴの増殖方法や漁礁ブロックなど、海中生物用の環境改善方法を提案することにある。 In order to solve such a problem, the inventors of the present invention, as Patent Document 1, blended an aggregate derived from coral or a shell and a magnesium-based solidifying agent in a neutral region together with fine bubbles, and at room temperature. By forming and curing at the same time, we can create porous artificial coral stones similar to corals, and provide coral reefs in sea areas destroyed by artificial revetments, etc. We proposed an invention that promotes the restoration of ecosystems without waiting. Furthermore, paying attention to the fact that artificial coral stones can be widely used by taking advantage of these characteristics, we are keenly aware of the need to develop various applications.
The technical problem of the present invention pays attention to such a problem, adopts a neutral magnesium-based solidifying agent, uses a soft and porous artificial coral stone having a small environmental load, and is similar to coral, The objective is to propose a method for improving the environment for marine organisms, such as coral breeding and fishing reef blocks, as well as the use of small animals that perforate coral and live as small animals.

請求項１は、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、イシサンゴ同様の軟質な多孔質を形成することを特徴とする人工サンゴ石の製造方法である。サンゴや貝殻に由来する骨材としては、琉球石灰岩の粉砕物、炭酸カルシウムペレット、白砂、カキ殻やホタテ貝殻などが有る。 Claim 1 is characterized by forming a soft porous material similar to that of coral coral by blending aggregate derived from coral or shell and light-burned magnesia with fine bubbles, and molding and curing at room temperature. It is a manufacturing method of artificial coral stone. Aggregates derived from corals and shells include Ryukyu limestone ground, calcium carbonate pellets, white sand, oyster shells and scallop shells.

請求項２は、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し成型することで、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなる人工サンゴ石を、複数個連結し及び／又は分散配置してサンゴの卵を捕捉し易くし、サンゴが定着した後に、前記の連結を解いて、最終的に前記人工サンゴ石を海底に設置することを特徴とするサンゴの増殖方法である。分散配置は、各種ネットの上に人工サンゴ石の片を分散配置することで容易に可能である。 Claim 2 is a combination of a plurality of artificial coral stones formed by forming a porous material similar to that of coral coral by combining and molding an aggregate derived from coral or shells and light-burned magnesia together with fine bubbles. A coral breeding method characterized by facilitating capture of coral eggs by dispersing and / or dispersing the coral, and after the coral has settled, the connection is broken and the artificial coral stone is finally installed on the seabed. is there. Dispersion can be easily achieved by disposing artificial coral stone pieces on various nets.

請求項３は、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなることを特徴とする漁礁ブロックである。 The third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a coral or shell-derived aggregate and light-burned magnesia are blended together with fine bubbles, molded at room temperature, and cured to form a porous structure similar to that of a coral coral. It is a fishing reef block.

請求項４は、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなる人工サンゴ石を使用し、多孔質部に海藻や藻や穿孔動物が生育し易くすることを特徴とする海中生物用の環境改善方法である。 According to claim 4, an artificial coral stone formed by forming a porous material similar to that of a coral coral by blending an aggregate derived from coral or a shell and light-burned magnesia together with fine bubbles, and molding and curing at room temperature. A method for improving the environment for marine organisms, characterized in that seaweeds, algae and perforated animals are easily grown in a porous part.

請求項５は、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、コンクリートの少なくとも海中部分の表面の全部又は一部に常温下で塗布することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成することを特徴とする環境改善方法である。 Claim 5 is the same as that of a coral coral, by blending an aggregate derived from coral or shells and light-burned magnesia with fine bubbles, and applying at least a part of the surface of the underwater part of the concrete at room temperature. It is an environmental improvement method characterized by forming a porous material.

請求項１のように、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生する方法によると、イシサンゴ同様の軟質な多孔質を形成できるため、底生生物（ベントス：benthos)が多孔質中に潜り込んで棲息することができ、底生生物の生息基質（生態学用語でのサブストレイタムを示す）の好適環境復元方法である。むしろ穿孔動物やその穿孔痕を利用する動物が生息し、生物多様性が高まり、平面的な生息圏が縦方向に立体的に拡大してバイオマスが飛躍的に増大する。
しかもセラミックと違って常温下で成型するので大型の形態も容易に成型できると共に、製造が容易で使い勝手も良い。
また、常温で成型できるポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートと違って、軽焼マグネシアは海洋汚染の恐れがなく、かつ天然のサンゴや貝殻を由来とする骨材を使用するので、底生生物の棲息に支障を来す恐れは無い。その結果、生物多様性の損失を抑止する上でも有効である。
さらに、サンゴや貝殻に由来する骨材として、琉球石灰岩の粉砕物、炭酸カルシウムペレット、白砂、カキ殻やホタテ貝殻などの中から任意の１種以上の材料を選択使用できるので、価格や性状、産地その他の条件を勘案し、最適の材料を採択して生産でき、選択の幅が広がる。
なお、「微細な泡」とは、渦流により液体中に気体を巻き込みファン等により液体を切断・粉砕した結果生成された泡をいう。例えば、石けん水のような気泡材を攪拌して生成したメレンゲ状の泡や石けん水のような気泡材を入れずにただ攪拌するだけでも生成される。 According to the method of combining the aggregate derived from coral or shell and light-burned magnesia with fine bubbles, and molding and curing at room temperature as in claim 1, it is possible to form a soft porous material similar to sea coral It is a preferred environmental restoration method for benthic habitat substrate (indicating substratum in ecological terms), where benthic organisms (benthos) can infiltrate and inhabit the porous body. Rather, there are perforated animals and animals that use the perforated marks, biodiversity increases, and the planar habitat expands three-dimensionally in the vertical direction, resulting in a dramatic increase in biomass.
In addition, unlike ceramic, it is molded at room temperature, so it can be easily molded in large forms, and is easy to manufacture and easy to use.
Unlike Portland cement-based concrete that can be molded at room temperature, light-burned magnesia has no fear of marine pollution and uses aggregates derived from natural corals and shells, which hinders the habitat of benthic organisms. There is no fear of coming. As a result, it is also effective in suppressing biodiversity loss.
In addition, as aggregates derived from corals and shells, any one or more materials can be selected and used from pulverized Ryukyu limestone, calcium carbonate pellets, white sand, oyster shells and scallop shells. Considering the production area and other conditions, it is possible to produce by selecting the most suitable material, and the range of choice is expanded.
The term “fine bubbles” refers to bubbles generated as a result of entraining gas in the liquid by vortex and cutting and crushing the liquid with a fan or the like. For example, it can be produced simply by stirring without adding a meringue-like foam produced by stirring a foam material such as soapy water or a foam material such as soapy water.

請求項２のように、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質に形成してなる人工サンゴ石を複数個連結し及び／又は分散配置してサンゴの卵を捕捉し易くし、サンゴが定着した後に、前記の連結を解いて、最終的に前記人工サンゴ石を海底に設置し固定するので、サンゴの卵を捕捉し易いように人工サンゴ石を複数個連結し及び／又は分散配置しておき、サンゴが定着した後に、前記の連結や分散配置を解いて海底に設置固定するだけで足りる。この際に、人工サンゴ石の多孔にサンゴが定着し易いので、好都合である。 As described in claim 2, a plurality of artificial coral stones formed in the same porous shape as that of a coral coral are connected and / or distributed to facilitate the capture of coral eggs, and the connection after the coral has settled. And finally, the artificial coral stones are installed and fixed on the sea floor, so that a plurality of artificial coral stones are connected and / or distributed to facilitate the capture of coral eggs, and the corals have settled. Later, it is only necessary to fix the above-mentioned connection and dispersion arrangement and fix it on the seabed. At this time, the coral is easily fixed in the pores of the artificial coral stone, which is convenient.

請求項３のように、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質の人工サンゴ石で漁礁ブロックを形成するので、海藻や藻が生えやすく、かつサンゴや貝殻を由来とする骨材を用いているので魚介類が警戒することは無い。また、常温下で成型できるので、大型の漁礁ブロックでも容易に製造できる。 Since the fishing reef block is formed with porous artificial coral stones similar to sea coral as in claim 3, seaweeds are easy to grow, and because of the use of aggregates derived from corals and shells, seafood is wary There is nothing to do. Moreover, since it can be molded at room temperature, it can be easily manufactured even with a large reef block.

請求項４のように、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなる人工サンゴ石を使用し、多孔質部に海藻や藻や穿孔動物が生育し易くした海中生物用の環境改善方法であるから、海藻や藻や穿孔動物などの海中生物が生育し易くなり、海中の環境が改善される。しかも、常温下で成型し養生することによって製造されるので、形状や大きさは任意である。 Since it is an artificial coral stone formed with a porous structure similar to that of a coral reef as in claim 4, it is an environment improvement method for marine organisms in which seaweeds, algae and perforated animals are easy to grow in the porous portion, Underwater environments such as seaweeds, algae, and perforated animals are easy to grow, and the environment in the sea is improved. Moreover, since it is produced by molding and curing at room temperature, the shape and size are arbitrary.

請求項５のように、サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、コンクリートの少なくとも海中部分の表面の全部又は一部に常温下で塗布することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成することによって環境を改善するので、コンクリート自体や海水の温度上昇を防止でき環境が改善される。コンクリートの海中部分としては、堤防や波消しブロック、橋脚などの海中部分か有る。 By combining the aggregate derived from coral or shell and light-burned magnesia together with fine bubbles as in claim 5, and applying at least a part of the surface of the underwater portion of the concrete at room temperature. Since the environment is improved by forming a similar porous material, the temperature of the concrete itself and seawater can be prevented from rising, and the environment is improved. Concrete underwater parts include underwater parts such as dikes, breakwater blocks, and piers.

ハマサンゴの表面を約３０倍に拡大して示した電子顕微鏡写真である。It is the electron micrograph which expanded and showed the surface of the sea coral about 30 times. 本発明の方法で製造した人工サンゴ石の表面の多孔質状態を約３０倍に拡大して示した電子顕微鏡写真である。It is the electron micrograph which expanded and showed the porous state of the surface of the artificial coral stone manufactured by the method of this invention about 30 times. １又は２個の穴を有する長方形の板片を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the rectangular board piece which has 1 or 2 holes. 板片にボルトを挿通して固定した実施形態を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows embodiment which penetrated and fixed the volt | bolt to the board piece. 板片に針金などを挿通して固定した実施形態を示す側面図である。It is a side view which shows embodiment which inserted and fixed the wire etc. to the plate piece.

次に本発明による人工サンゴ石製品とその製造方法が実際上どのように具体化されるか実施形態を詳述する。
図２は、本発明の方法で製造された人工サンゴ石製品の多孔質状態を示す顕微鏡写真である。このように、大小無数の孔隙が形成されており、しかも表面に開口していて、多孔質状態を呈している。加えて、孔隙の深さも様々で、底生生物が深くまで潜り込むことによって、外敵から身を守ることもできるので、底生生物の住処として最適である。
従って、天然のサンゴに形成されている無数の孔隙の代用となり、サンゴが白化現象で死滅した場合でも、自然環境や生物多様性の維持に寄与できる。すなわち、人工サンゴ石の多孔質は、バクテリアの生息を促して穿孔動物を中心に埋在動物群（生態学でのInfauna ）を伴いバイオマスを増加させ、生態系（食物連鎖系）の復元やそれに伴う環境浄化作用が期待される環境を作る「イミテーション・コーラルブロック」として機能する。
また、ポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートと違って、軽焼マグネシア(MgO) は海洋汚染の恐れが無く、かつ天然のサンゴや貝殻に由来する骨材を併用するので、底生生物などの棲息に支障を来したり生物多様性を阻害する恐れが無い。
海藻類も孔隙中に根を張ることによって、強固に定着できるので、大きな波浪や台風などで剥落するという問題も解消される。 Next, an embodiment will be described in detail how the artificial coral stone product according to the present invention and its manufacturing method are practically embodied.
FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph showing the porous state of the artificial coral stone product produced by the method of the present invention. Thus, innumerable pores are formed and open to the surface, exhibiting a porous state. In addition, the depth of the pores varies, and the benthic organisms can be protected from external enemies by submerging deeply into the benthic organisms.
Therefore, it becomes a substitute for the myriad pores formed in the natural coral, and even when the coral is killed by the bleaching phenomenon, it can contribute to the maintenance of the natural environment and biodiversity. In other words, the porous nature of artificial coral stones promotes the inhabitants of bacteria, increases the biomass accompanied by buried animals (Infauna in ecology) mainly in the perforated animals, restores the ecosystem (food chain system) and It functions as an “imitation coral block” that creates an environment that is expected to have an environmental cleanup effect.
Unlike Portland cement-based concrete, light-burned magnesia (MgO) has no fear of marine pollution and uses aggregates derived from natural corals and shells, so it can hinder the habitat of benthic organisms. There is no fear of coming or disturbing biodiversity.
Seaweeds can be firmly established by rooting them in the pores, eliminating the problem of peeling off due to large waves and typhoons.

このように孔隙を無数に有する人工サンゴ石の製品形態は自由であり、サンゴや貝殻に由来する骨材と軽焼マグネシアの粉末を所定の割合で微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって様々な製品を容易に製造できる。
このとき、流し込み成型や振圧コンクリート成型により即時脱型する製法も活用できる。振圧コンクリート成型は単位水量の極めて少ない超硬練りの基盤材料を用いて、載荷し加圧しつつ振動を与えて液状化させると、密実に締め固めて成型できるため、振動を停止すると材料の流動性がなくなって、即時脱型が可能となる。その結果、型枠の使用効率が高く、低コストでより多くの人工サンゴ石を供給でき、量産性に富んでいる。 In this way, the product form of artificial coral stones with innumerable pores is free. Aggregates derived from corals and shells and light-burned magnesia powder are blended together with fine bubbles at a predetermined ratio and molded at room temperature. Various products can be easily manufactured by curing.
At this time, it is also possible to utilize a production method in which the mold is immediately removed by casting or vibrationally pressed concrete. Shaded concrete molding uses a super-hard kneaded base material with a very small unit of water, and when it is liquefied by applying vibration while applying pressure, it can be compacted and compacted. It is possible to remove the mold immediately. As a result, the use efficiency of the formwork is high, more artificial coral stones can be supplied at low cost, and the mass productivity is high.

サンゴに由来する骨材としては、琉球石灰岩や南部石粉、白砂、炭酸カルシウムペレットなどが適している。琉球石灰岩はトラバーチンとも呼ばれるが、実施例では、沖縄本島の南部で産出した５ｍｍ砕石を用いた。軽焼マグネシアとの重量比で３：１と４：１の２例を試みたところ、いずれもサンゴとほぼ同等のモース硬度２．５〜３．５であった。このように、サンゴ同様の軟質のため、穿孔性の底生生物は、自ら穴を掘って潜り込むこともできる。
また、図２のように無数の孔隙が形成されるが、孔隙率は２５〜５０％で、多孔質材を実現できる。 As aggregate derived from coral, Ryukyu limestone, southern stone powder, white sand, calcium carbonate pellets and the like are suitable. Ryukyu limestone is also called travertine, but in the examples, 5 mm crushed stone produced in the southern part of the main island of Okinawa was used. Two examples of 3: 1 and 4: 1 by weight ratio with light-burned magnesia were tried, and both had a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3.5, which was almost equivalent to coral. Thus, because it is as soft as a coral, a perforated benthic organism can also dig into the hole and dive.
Innumerable pores are formed as shown in FIG. 2, but the porosity is 25 to 50%, and a porous material can be realized.

炭酸カルシウムペレットは、硬水を軟水化処理する際の副産物を用いる。沖縄の天然水は、サンゴを由来とするカルシウム分が多く溶け込んでいて、飲料水とするには硬度が高いので、近年、浄水場では、このカルシウムを取り除く施設が整備されている。この施設で副産物として炭酸カルシウムのペレットが析出する。
この炭酸カルシウムペレットもサンゴ礁に由来するため、ポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートのような環境汚染の心配は無い。この炭酸カルシウムペレットを軽焼マグネシアに対し重量比で15％配合して人工サンゴ石を成型したところ、多孔質状態を実現できた。 Calcium carbonate pellets use by-products when softening water. Natural water in Okinawa is rich in calcium derived from coral and is hard enough to be used as drinking water. In recent years, water purification plants have facilities for removing this calcium. At this facility, calcium carbonate pellets are deposited as a by-product.
Since the calcium carbonate pellets are also derived from coral reefs, there is no concern about environmental pollution like Portland cement-based concrete. When this calcium carbonate pellet was blended with light-burned magnesia at a weight ratio of 15% and an artificial coral stone was molded, a porous state was realized.

南部石粉は、沖縄本島の南部で産出した琉球石灰岩すなわちトラバーチンを粉砕してなる粉末であり、見かけ容積で「白砂１：南部石粉２：軽焼マグネシア１」の割合で配合して人工サンゴ石を成型したところ、多孔質状態を実現できた。
貝殻に由来する骨材としては、カキ殻やホタテ貝殻が適している。カキ殻は５ｍｍ以下に砕いたものを軽焼マグネシアと「粉砕殻12ｋｇ＋軽焼マグネシア2.５ｋｇ」の割合で配合して人工サンゴ石を成型したところ、多孔質状態を実現できた。
ホタテ貝殻は、５ｍｍ以下に砕いたものを軽焼マグネシアと「粉砕殻12ｋｇ＋軽焼マグネシア2.５ｋｇ」の割合で配合して人工サンゴ石を成型したところ、多孔質状態を実現できた。
なお、以上の各種骨材と軽焼マグネシアとの配合比率は、目的や用途に応じて選択できる。 Nanbu stone powder is a powder made by pulverizing Ryukyu limestone, that is, travertine, produced in the southern part of the main island of Okinawa. It has an apparent volume of "white sand 1: southern stone powder 2: light-burned magnesia 1" and contains artificial coral stone. When molded, a porous state was realized.
Oyster shells and scallop shells are suitable as aggregates derived from shells. When oyster shells were crushed to 5 mm or less and mixed with light-burned magnesia at a ratio of “pulverized shell 12 kg + light-burned magnesia 2.5 kg”, artificial coral stone was molded, and a porous state was realized.
When scallop shells were crushed to 5 mm or less and blended in a ratio of light-burned magnesia and "crushed shell 12 kg + light-burned magnesia 2.5 kg", artificial coral stone was molded, and a porous state was realized.
In addition, the blending ratio of the above various aggregates and light-burned magnesia can be selected according to the purpose and application.

このように、中性域の軽焼マグネシアを固化剤とし成型するので、ポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートのような環境汚染のリスクが小さく、環境負荷は小さい。しかも、サンゴや貝殻に由来する材料を骨材として用いるので、サンゴ同様の多孔質でかつ軟質の人工サンゴ石の製造が可能となり、人工護岸等で破壊された海域においてサンゴ礁の成長を待たずにサンゴ礁生態系の復元を促進できると共に、穿孔動物やその穿孔痕を利用する動物が生息し、生物多様性が高まり、平面的な生息圏が縦方向に立体的に拡大してバイオマスが飛躍的に増大する。
本発明の人工サンゴ石は、前記のように軟質で強度に劣るので、強度の高いコンクリートを埋め込んで芯にしたり、このコンクリート芯部をアンカーボルトなどで海底に固定することもできる。従って、橋脚や堤防、波消しブロックなどを予めポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートで製造してから、その一部又は全体を本発明の人工サンゴ石の材料で塗布し被覆するのがよい。この場合、海中部分を中心に塗装するので、海中生物が棲息・生育でき、また海水温の上昇を防止できるため、環境が改善される。なお、塗装方法は特に限定されない。 In this way, since the light burned magnesia in the neutral region is molded as a solidifying agent, the risk of environmental pollution as with Portland cement-based concrete is small and the environmental load is small. Moreover, since materials derived from corals and shells are used as aggregates, it is possible to produce porous and soft artificial coral stones similar to corals, without waiting for the growth of coral reefs in sea areas destroyed by artificial revetments, etc. The restoration of coral reef ecosystems can be promoted, as well as the presence of perforated animals and animals that use the perforated marks, biodiversity is increased, and the planar habitat is expanded vertically and three-dimensionally to expand biomass dramatically. Increase.
Since the artificial coral stone of the present invention is soft and inferior in strength as described above, high-strength concrete can be embedded into a core, or the concrete core portion can be fixed to the sea floor with an anchor bolt or the like. Therefore, it is preferable that a pier, a dike, a wave breaker block, etc. are manufactured in advance with Portland cement-based concrete, and then a part or the whole is applied and coated with the artificial coral stone material of the present invention. In this case, since painting is performed mainly in the sea, marine organisms can inhabit and grow, and an increase in seawater temperature can be prevented, thereby improving the environment. In addition, the coating method is not specifically limited.

本発明は、サンゴを卵の状態で付着させ定着後に海底に設置することも可能である。そのためには、図３のように、１又は複数個の穴１〜３を有する長方形の板片４を形成し、穴１〜３を利用して、図４のようにボルト５を挿通して固定したり、図５のように針金６などを挿通して固定する。針金に代えて紐類を使用してもよい。
この場合、サンゴの卵が付着し易いように板片４を互い違いや交互に配置するのが良い。また、図４や図５のように多数の板片４をまとめた状態で、ボルト５や針金６を倒して水平の状態に配置することもできる。 In the present invention, corals can be attached in an egg state and installed on the seabed after fixing. To that end, a rectangular plate piece 4 having one or a plurality of holes 1 to 3 is formed as shown in FIG. 3, and the bolts 5 are inserted as shown in FIG. The wire 6 is inserted and fixed as shown in FIG. Strings may be used in place of the wire.
In this case, it is preferable to arrange the plate pieces 4 alternately or alternately so that coral eggs easily adhere. Moreover, in the state which put together many plate pieces 4 like FIG.4 and FIG.5, the volt | bolt 5 and the wire 6 can be brought down and arrange | positioned in a horizontal state.

ネットを水平に張って板片４や多孔質の片を分散配置してもよい。波で板片４や多孔質の片が移動する恐れが有る場合は、上にもネットを張って、２枚のネットで挟むのもよい。この場合、上下のネットを所々連結するのもよい。このようなネットや図４、図５の板片４…などでサンゴの産卵部位を囲むと、効果的に卵を付着させることができる。ネットによる分散配置は、複数層にしてもよい。海面付近に板片４や多孔質の片を配置して、海面に浮上して来るサンゴの卵を付着させることもできる。
そして、サンゴの卵が定着した後に、図４、図５のボルト５や針金６による連結を解いたり、ネットから片を外して、海底に定植する。 The plate pieces 4 and the porous pieces may be dispersedly arranged by stretching the net horizontally. When there is a possibility that the plate piece 4 or the porous piece moves due to the wave, a net may be stretched on the top and sandwiched between the two nets. In this case, the upper and lower nets may be connected in some places. If the spawning part of the coral is surrounded by such a net or the plate pieces 4 in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, eggs can be effectively attached. The distributed arrangement by the net may be a plurality of layers. It is also possible to place a plate piece 4 or a porous piece near the sea surface to attach coral eggs that float on the sea surface.
Then, after the coral eggs have settled, the connection with the bolts 5 and the wires 6 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is released, or the pieces are removed from the net and planted on the seabed.

漁礁を形成する際に、人工サンゴ石で形成すると海藻や藻が生え易いし、穿孔動物も棲息しやすいので、漁礁として好適である。この場合、漁礁全体を人工サンゴ石の材料で形成してもよいが、ポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートで漁礁を形成してから、その一部又は全体に人工サンゴ石の材料を塗布し被覆してもよい。 When forming a fishing reef, if it is made of artificial coral stones, seaweeds and algae are likely to grow, and perforated animals are also likely to inhabit, making it suitable as a fishing reef. In this case, the entire fishing reef may be formed of artificial coral stone material, but after forming the reef from Portland cement-based concrete, the artificial coral stone material may be applied and coated on part or all of the fishing reef. Good.

以上のように、本発明によると、人工サンゴ石は軟質で多孔質なため、ボルトや針金やネットなどで連結したり分散配置してサンゴの産卵部位を囲むことで、卵を付着させ、定着後に海底に戻すことにより、サンゴの増殖を行なうことが可能である。
人工サンゴ石の製造に用いるマグネシウム系固化剤の軽焼マグネシアは海水由来であるため、海水中に溶け出しても小動物や底生生物に害は無い。従って、ポルトランドセメント系のコンクリートと違って、軽焼マグネシアは海洋汚染の恐れがなく、かつ天然のサンゴや貝殻を由来とする骨材を使用するので、底生生物の棲息に支障を来す恐れは無い。その結果、生物多様性の損失を抑止する上でも有効で、海中生物用の環境改善も可能である。
また、ゴカイなどの穿孔生物が増えることにより、それらを餌にする小型、中型の魚類や、エビ、カニ増え、食物連鎖系が拡大して水産資源が増大するので、人工サンゴ石の材料で漁礁を形成すると効果的である。
サンゴや貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し常温で成型してなる人工サンゴ石は、成型の自由度が高いため、目的に応じた形状寸法の製品化が容易である。この人工サンゴ石に、鉄分やカルシウムなどの養分を添加することで、海藻も成長しやすくなるので、藻場の基礎ブロックとして活用できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, since artificial coral stone is soft and porous, it is connected and dispersed by bolts, wires, nets, etc. By returning to the seabed later, coral can be propagated.
Lightly burned magnesia, a magnesium-based solidifying agent used in the production of artificial coral stones, is derived from seawater, so there is no harm to small animals and benthic organisms even if it dissolves in seawater. Therefore, unlike Portland cement-based concrete, light-burned magnesia has no fear of marine pollution and uses aggregates derived from natural corals and shells, which may hinder benthic habitats. There is no. As a result, it is effective in suppressing the loss of biodiversity and can improve the environment for marine organisms.
In addition, by increasing the number of perforated organisms such as coral, small and medium-sized fish that feed on them, shrimp and crabs increase, the food chain system expands, and the aquatic resources increase. It is effective to form
Artificial coral stones, which are formed from coral and shell-derived aggregates and light-burned magnesia with fine bubbles and molded at room temperature, have a high degree of freedom in molding, so it is easy to commercialize the shape and dimensions according to the purpose. It is. By adding nutrients such as iron and calcium to these artificial coral stones, seaweed also grows easily and can be used as a basic block for algae beds.

Claims (5)

サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、イシサンゴ同様の軟質な多孔質を形成することを特徴とする人工サンゴ石の製造方法。 An artificial coral stone characterized in that it forms a soft porous material similar to that of coral corals by combining coral or shell-derived aggregates and light-burned magnesia with fine bubbles, molding and curing at room temperature Production method. サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し成型することで、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなる人工サンゴ石を、複数個連結し及び／又は分散配置してサンゴの卵を捕捉し易くし、サンゴが定着した後に、前記の連結を解いて、最終的に前記人工サンゴ石を海底に設置することを特徴とするサンゴの増殖方法。 By combining and molding aggregates derived from coral or shells and light-burned magnesia together with fine bubbles, a plurality of artificial coral stones that form a porous structure similar to that of coral coral are connected and / or distributed. The coral breeding method is characterized in that the coral eggs are easily captured, and after the corals have settled, the connection is released and the artificial coral stone is finally installed on the seabed. サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなることを特徴とする漁礁ブロック。 A fishing reef block comprising a coral or shell-derived aggregate and light-burned magnesia together with fine bubbles, molded at room temperature and cured to form a porous structure similar to that of a coral coral. サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、常温下で成型し養生することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成してなる人工サンゴ石を使用し、多孔質部に海藻や藻や先行生物が生育し易くすることを特徴とする海中生物用の環境改善方法。 Using coral or shell-derived aggregate and light-burned magnesia together with fine foam, molding and curing at room temperature, using artificial coral stone that forms the same porous as Ishi coral, porous A method for improving the environment for marine organisms, characterized in that seaweeds, algae, and preceding organisms can easily grow in the area. サンゴ又は貝殻を由来とする骨材と軽焼マグネシアを微細な泡と共に配合し、コンクリートの少なくとも海中部分の表面の全部又は一部に常温下で塗布することによって、イシサンゴ同様の多孔質を形成することを特徴とする環境改善方法。 Aggregate derived from coral or shells and light-burned magnesia are mixed with fine foam and applied to all or part of the surface of at least the underwater part of concrete at room temperature to form a porous structure similar to that of coral coral. Environmental improvement method characterized by this.
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