JP2013084362A - Lead battery - Google Patents

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JP2013084362A
JP2013084362A JP2011221769A JP2011221769A JP2013084362A JP 2013084362 A JP2013084362 A JP 2013084362A JP 2011221769 A JP2011221769 A JP 2011221769A JP 2011221769 A JP2011221769 A JP 2011221769A JP 2013084362 A JP2013084362 A JP 2013084362A
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performance
glass mat
separator
idling stop
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JP5983985B2 (en
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Masaru Inagaki
賢 稲垣
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GS Yuasa Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0459Details of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0461Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • F16C32/0465Details of the magnetic circuit of stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with permanent magnets provided in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnets
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/048Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of two degrees of freedom, e.g. radial magnetic bearings

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve charge acceptance performance, high rate discharge performance and idling stop life performance of a lead battery with a separator comprised of a porous sheet and a glass mat.SOLUTION: The lead battery includes a separator composed of a porous sheet and a glass mat as a separator, and electrolyte contains aluminum ions of 0.02 mol/L-0.2 mol/L inclusive and lithium ions of 0.02 mol/L-0.2 mol/L inclusive. Thus, the lead battery is excellent in charge acceptance performance, high rate discharge performance and idling stop life performance and has little falling of a cathode active material.

Description

この発明は、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えた鉛蓄電池に関する。   The present invention relates to a lead storage battery including a separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat.

多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータは、正極活物質の脱落を防止できるため、トラック、バス等の振動が大きい車両用の鉛蓄電池に用いられている。ここで「ガラスマット」は電池工業会の規格であるSBA S 0401に規定される繊維径が20μm程度のガラス繊維からなるマットのことを言う。これ以外に、SBA S 0406はリテーナマットに付いて規定し、これは繊維径が1μm以下のガラスマットで、制御弁式鉛蓄電池に多用され、AGMあるいは微細ガラスマット等とも呼ばれ、この明細書での「ガラスマット」とは異なるものである。ところで近年、トラック、バス等の車両にもアイドリングストップ機能を装備することが行われるようになった。しかしながら多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えた鉛蓄電池は、ガラスマットが正極活物質の脱落を抑制する一方で、電解液中のイオン伝導への物理的な障壁となり、充電受入性能と高率放電特性とを低下させるため、アイドリングストップ寿命性能が不十分であるとの問題がある。   A separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat can prevent the positive electrode active material from falling off, and is therefore used in a lead storage battery for a vehicle having a large vibration such as a truck or a bus. Here, the “glass mat” refers to a mat made of glass fibers having a fiber diameter of about 20 μm as defined in SBA S 0401, which is a standard of the Battery Industry Association. In addition to this, SBA S 0406 is specified for the retainer mat, which is a glass mat with a fiber diameter of 1 μm or less, and is often used for control valve type lead-acid batteries, also called AGM or fine glass mat. This is different from the “glass mat” in In recent years, vehicles such as trucks and buses have been equipped with an idling stop function. However, a lead-acid battery equipped with a separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat has a physical barrier to ionic conduction in the electrolyte while the glass mat prevents the positive electrode active material from falling off. In order to reduce the rate discharge characteristic, there is a problem that the idling stop life performance is insufficient.

ここで関連する先行技術を示すと、特許文献1(WO2007/036979)は微細孔を有するポリエチレンセパレータを備えた鉛蓄電池の電解液に、アルミニウムイオンを含有させることによりアイドリングストップ寿命性能を向上でき、リチウムイオンを含有させることにより5時間率容量を増加できるとしている。しかしながら特許文献1は、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータには言及していない。また発明者の実験によると、ガラスマットを備えない特許文献1の構成で、電解液にアルミニウムイオンあるいはリチウムイオンを含有させても、振動が大きい使用条件ではアイドリングストップ寿命性能は向上しなかった。さらに、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えた鉛蓄電池において、電解液にアルミニウムイオンを単独で含有させても、アイドリングストップ寿命性能は向上しなかった。   Prior art related here shows that Patent Document 1 (WO2007 / 036979) can improve the idling stop life performance by containing aluminum ions in the electrolyte of a lead storage battery including a polyethylene separator having micropores. It is said that the 5-hour rate capacity can be increased by containing lithium ions. However, Patent Document 1 does not mention a separator composed of a porous sheet and a glass mat. Further, according to an experiment by the inventors, even when aluminum ions or lithium ions are included in the electrolyte solution with the configuration of Patent Document 1 that does not include a glass mat, the idling stop life performance is not improved under use conditions where vibration is large. Furthermore, in a lead storage battery including a separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat, the idling stop life performance was not improved even when the electrolyte contained aluminum ions alone.

WO2007/036979WO2007 / 036979

この発明の課題は、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えた鉛蓄電池の、充電受入性能と高率放電性能とアイドリングストップ寿命性能とを向上させることにある。   The subject of this invention is improving the charge acceptance performance, the high rate discharge performance, and the idling stop life performance of the lead acid battery provided with the separator which consists of a porous sheet and a glass mat.

この発明は、正極板と負極板と電解液とセパレータとを備えた鉛蓄電池において、セパレータは多孔質シートとガラスマットから成り、電解液がアルミニウムイオンを0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下、リチウムイオンを0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下含有することを特徴とする。   The present invention provides a lead storage battery including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolytic solution, and a separator, wherein the separator includes a porous sheet and a glass mat, and the electrolytic solution contains aluminum ions in an amount of 0.02 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L, It contains 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less of lithium ions.

表1及び図2〜図5に示すように、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えている場合、電解液がアルミニウムイオンを0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下、リチウムイオンを0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下含有すると、アイドリングストップ寿命性能と充電受入性能と高率放電性能とに優れた鉛蓄電池が得られる。また表1に示すように、ガラスマットにより正極活物質の脱落を抑制できる。多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えている場合、アルミニウムイオンは0.02mol/L未満の濃度では性能に影響を与えず、濃度が0.2mol/Lを越えると高率放電性能が低下し、これと同時にアイドリングストップ寿命性能が著しく低下する。同様に多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えている場合、リチウムイオンは0.02mol/L未満の濃度では性能に影響を与えず、濃度が0.2mol/Lを越えると高率放電性能が低下し、これと同時にアイドリングストップ寿命性能が著しく低下する。   As shown in Table 1 and FIGS. 2 to 5, when a separator composed of a porous sheet and a glass mat is provided, the electrolytic solution is 0.02 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L of aluminum ions and 0.02 mol of lithium ions. When it is contained at least 0.2 mol / L, a lead storage battery excellent in idling stop life performance, charge acceptance performance, and high rate discharge performance can be obtained. Further, as shown in Table 1, the glass mat can prevent the positive electrode active material from falling off. When a separator composed of a porous sheet and a glass mat is provided, aluminum ions do not affect the performance at a concentration of less than 0.02 mol / L, and when the concentration exceeds 0.2 mol / L, the high rate discharge performance decreases, At the same time, the idling stop life performance is significantly reduced. Similarly, when a separator composed of a porous sheet and a glass mat is provided, the lithium ion does not affect the performance at a concentration of less than 0.02 mol / L, and the high-rate discharge performance decreases when the concentration exceeds 0.2 mol / L. At the same time, the idling stop life performance is significantly reduced.

実施例の鉛蓄電池の要部断面図Sectional drawing of the principal part of the lead acid battery of an Example 充電受入性能と高率放電性能及びアイドリングストップ寿命性能のアルミニウムイオン濃度依存性を示す特性図で、リチウムイオン濃度は0.02mol/Lに固定Characteristic diagram showing the dependence of charge acceptance performance, high rate discharge performance, and idling stop life performance on aluminum ion concentration. Lithium ion concentration is fixed at 0.02 mol / L. 充電受入性能と高率放電性能及びアイドリングストップ寿命性能のアルミニウムイオン濃度依存性を示す特性図で、リチウムイオン濃度は0.2mol/Lに固定Characteristic diagram showing the dependence of charge acceptance performance, high rate discharge performance, and idling stop life performance on aluminum ion concentration. Lithium ion concentration is fixed at 0.2 mol / L. 充電受入性能と高率放電性能及びアイドリングストップ寿命性能のリチウムイオン濃度依存性を示す特性図で、アルミニウムイオン濃度は0.02mol/Lに固定A characteristic diagram showing the lithium ion concentration dependence of charge acceptance performance, high rate discharge performance, and idling stop life performance, and the aluminum ion concentration is fixed at 0.02 mol / L 充電受入性能と高率放電性能及びアイドリングストップ寿命性能のリチウムイオン濃度依存性を示す特性図で、アルミニウムイオン濃度は0.2mol/Lに固定Characteristic diagram showing the dependence of charge acceptance performance, high rate discharge performance, and idling stop life performance on lithium ion concentration. Aluminum ion concentration is fixed at 0.2 mol / L.

以下に、本願発明の最適実施例を示す。本願発明の実施に際しては、当業者の常識及び先行技術の開示に従い、実施例を適宜に変更できる。   Hereinafter, an optimum embodiment of the present invention will be described. In carrying out the present invention, the embodiments can be appropriately changed in accordance with common sense of those skilled in the art and disclosure of prior art.

Pb-Ca-Sn系合金を用いてロータリエキスパンド法により正極格子を作成した。定法に従い鉛粉と合成樹脂繊維と水と硫酸とから正極活物質ペーストを作製して正極格子に充填し、熟成と乾燥とを施して、未化成の正極板とした。Pb-Ca-Sn系合金を用いてロータリエキスパンド法により負極格子を作成した。鉛粉を主成分とし、合成樹脂繊維、リグニン、硫酸バリウム及びカーボンブラックを含む粉体を定法に従い作製し、水と硫酸とで負極活物質のペーストとして負極格子に充填し、熟成と乾燥とを施して、未化成の負極板とした。正極格子と負極格子を共に、あるいは正極格子のみをPb-Sb系合金で構成しても良い。また鉛合金から格子への加工方法は任意で、鉛粉の製造方法、鉛粉中の鉛丹含有量、鉛粉への添加物等は任意である。   A positive electrode grid was prepared by a rotary expanding method using a Pb-Ca-Sn alloy. A positive electrode active material paste was prepared from lead powder, synthetic resin fiber, water, and sulfuric acid according to a conventional method, filled in a positive electrode grid, aged and dried to obtain an unformed positive electrode plate. A negative electrode grid was prepared by a rotary expanding method using a Pb-Ca-Sn alloy. A powder containing lead powder as the main component and containing synthetic resin fiber, lignin, barium sulfate and carbon black is prepared according to a standard method, and the negative electrode lattice is filled with water and sulfuric acid as a paste of the negative electrode active material. To give an unformed negative electrode plate. Both the positive electrode lattice and the negative electrode lattice, or only the positive electrode lattice may be made of a Pb—Sb alloy. Moreover, the processing method from a lead alloy to a grating | lattice is arbitrary, the manufacturing method of lead powder, the content of lead in lead powder, the additive to lead powder, etc. are arbitrary.

多孔質で袋状のポリエチレンセパレータに未化成の負極板を収納し、ポリエチレンセパレータと正極板との間にガラスマットを挟み込むようにして、負極板13枚と正極板12枚とを積層した。積層した負極板をストラップで互いに接続し、同様に積層した正極板をストラップで互いに接続し、エレメントとした。エレメントを電槽に6個直列に収納し、20℃で比重が1.22の希硫酸と、0〜0.3mol/Lの濃度のアルミニウムイオンと、0〜0.3mol/Lの濃度のリチウムイオンとを含む電解液を注液し、電槽化成により145G51形(公称電圧12V、定格5時間率容量120Ah)の液式鉛蓄電池を製造した。なお電解液の比重は任意である。   An unformed negative electrode plate was accommodated in a porous bag-like polyethylene separator, and 13 negative electrodes and 12 positive electrodes were laminated so that a glass mat was sandwiched between the polyethylene separator and the positive electrode. The laminated negative plates were connected to each other with a strap, and similarly laminated positive plates were connected to each other with a strap to form an element. Six elements are housed in series in a battery case, containing dilute sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.22 at 20 ° C, aluminum ions with a concentration of 0 to 0.3 mol / L, and lithium ions with a concentration of 0 to 0.3 mol / L. The electrolytic solution was injected, and a liquid lead-acid battery of type 145G51 (nominal voltage 12V, rated 5-hour rate capacity 120Ah) was manufactured by battery case formation. The specific gravity of the electrolytic solution is arbitrary.

アルミニウムイオンは硫酸アルミニウムとして、リチウムイオンは硫酸リチウムとして加えたが、水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化リチウム、二酸化リチウムアルミニウム等、希硫酸に可溶な化合物であれば、添加時の形態は任意である。   Although aluminum ions were added as aluminum sulfate and lithium ions were added as lithium sulfate, the form at the time of addition is arbitrary as long as it is a compound soluble in dilute sulfuric acid such as aluminum hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, lithium aluminum dioxide and the like.

図1は実施例の鉛蓄電池2の要部を示し、4は正極板、6は負極板、8は多孔質で袋状のポリエチレンセパレータで多孔質シートの例であり、負極板6を収納する。ポリエチレンセパレータ8の厚さは例えば実施例では0.4mmとしたが、任意である。10はガラスマットで、ポリエチレンセパレータ8と正極板4との間に挟み込まれて、正極板を加圧することにより、正極活物質の脱落を防止する。ガラスマット10は平均直径が20μmのガラス繊維のマットで、厚さは0.5mmとしたが、任意である。ポリエチレンセパレータ8とガラスマット10を全体として、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータと呼ぶ。ポリエチレンセパレータ8とガラスマット10は接着されていても、接着されていなくても良く、またポリエチレンセパレータ8に代えて、合成パルプを抄造した多孔質シート等を用いても良い。また多孔質シートは袋状の形状に限らず、極板を収納するものには限らない。さらにポリエチレンセパレータ8が正極板4を収納し、ガラスマット10が負極板6とポリエチレンセパレータ8との間にあっても良い。そして正極板4〜ガラスマット10が電解液中に浸されている。   FIG. 1 shows an essential part of a lead storage battery 2 of the embodiment, 4 is a positive electrode plate, 6 is a negative electrode plate, 8 is an example of a porous sheet made of a porous and bag-like polyethylene separator, and accommodates the negative electrode plate 6. . The thickness of the polyethylene separator 8 is, for example, 0.4 mm in the embodiment, but is arbitrary. A glass mat 10 is sandwiched between the polyethylene separator 8 and the positive electrode plate 4 and pressurizes the positive electrode plate to prevent the positive electrode active material from falling off. The glass mat 10 is a glass fiber mat having an average diameter of 20 μm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, but is optional. The polyethylene separator 8 and the glass mat 10 as a whole are called a separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat. The polyethylene separator 8 and the glass mat 10 may or may not be bonded, and a porous sheet made of synthetic pulp may be used instead of the polyethylene separator 8. Further, the porous sheet is not limited to the bag shape, and is not limited to the one that accommodates the electrode plate. Further, the polyethylene separator 8 may house the positive electrode plate 4, and the glass mat 10 may be between the negative electrode plate 6 and the polyethylene separator 8. The positive electrode plate 4 to the glass mat 10 are immersed in the electrolytic solution.

通常の液式鉛蓄電池との構造上の相違点は、正極活物質の脱落を防止するため、ポリエチレンセパレータ8以外にガラスマット10を用いている点にある。ガラスマット10を設けると、電解液中のイオン伝導が妨げられ、この結果、充電受入性能と高率放電性能が低下する。   A structural difference from a normal liquid lead-acid battery is that a glass mat 10 is used in addition to the polyethylene separator 8 in order to prevent the positive electrode active material from falling off. When the glass mat 10 is provided, ion conduction in the electrolytic solution is hindered, and as a result, charge acceptance performance and high rate discharge performance are degraded.

セパレータの比較例として、電解液がアルミニウムイオンまたはリチウムイオンを含むが、ガラスマット10を備えず、ポリエチレンセパレータ8のみを有する鉛蓄電池を作製した。作製した各鉛蓄電池は、電解液中のアルミニウムイオン濃度とリチウムイオン濃度、及びガラスマットの有無以外は、材料と製造条件が同一である。   As a comparative example of the separator, a lead storage battery having an electrolyte containing aluminum ions or lithium ions but having no glass mat 10 and having only a polyethylene separator 8 was produced. Each produced lead acid battery has the same material and manufacturing conditions except for the aluminum ion concentration and lithium ion concentration in the electrolyte and the presence or absence of a glass mat.

電解液の組成毎に鉛蓄電池を3個ずつ用いて、JIS D 5301:2006 9.5.4b)の充電受入性試験と9.5.3b)の高率放電特性試験を行った。さらに電池工業会規格SBA S 0101:2006の9.4.5に規定するアイドリングストップ寿命試験を、大型車用の鉛蓄電池に相当する負荷に変更して行った。この試験では充放電試験装置を使用し、90A×59秒と600A×1秒との放電、及び充電電圧14Vで最大180Aの充電60秒とから成るサイクルを行い、600A放電での放電末の端子電圧が7.2V未満となると寿命とした。充放電中、極板面に垂直な方向に、振動数が2Hzで振幅が5cmの振動を鉛蓄電池に加え、トラック、バス等で鉛蓄電池に加わる振動を模した。そして寿命に達した電池を解体して、正極活物質の質量を測定し、別途に求めた試験前の活物質質量との差から、正極活物質の脱落率を測定した。   Using three lead storage batteries for each electrolyte composition, a charge acceptance test of JIS D 5301: 2006 9.5.4b) and a high rate discharge characteristic test of 9.5.3b) were performed. In addition, the idling stop life test specified in 9.4.5 of the Battery Industry Association Standard SBA S 0101: 2006 was changed to a load corresponding to a lead-acid battery for large vehicles. In this test, a charge / discharge test device was used, and a cycle consisting of 90A x 59 seconds and 600A x 1 second discharge, and a charge voltage of 14V and a maximum charge of 180A for 60 seconds was performed. When the voltage was less than 7.2V, it was considered the life. During charging and discharging, a vibration with a frequency of 2 Hz and an amplitude of 5 cm was applied to the lead storage battery in a direction perpendicular to the electrode plate surface, and the vibration applied to the lead storage battery by a truck, bus, or the like was simulated. Then, the battery that reached the end of its life was disassembled, the mass of the positive electrode active material was measured, and the dropout rate of the positive electrode active material was measured from the difference from the active material mass obtained separately before the test.

結果を表1に示し、リチウムイオン濃度を0.02mol/Lまたは0.2mol/Lに固定した際の結果を図2,図3に、アルミニウムイオン濃度を0.02mol/Lまたは0.2mol/Lに固定した際の結果を図4,図5に示す。結果は3個の蓄電池の平均値を示し、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを用い、電解液がアルミニウムイオンもリチウムイオンも含有しない比較例の蓄電池No.1での結果を100%とする相対値で結果を示す。   The results are shown in Table 1. The results when the lithium ion concentration was fixed at 0.02 mol / L or 0.2 mol / L are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the aluminum ion concentration was fixed at 0.02 mol / L or 0.2 mol / L. The results are shown in FIGS. The result shows the average value of three storage batteries, using a separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat, and the result of the comparative storage battery No. 1 in which the electrolytic solution does not contain aluminum ions or lithium ions is 100%. The result is shown as a relative value.

Figure 2013084362
Figure 2013084362

図2に示すように、0.02mol/Lのリチウムイオンを含む電解液では、0.01mol/Lのアルミニウムイオンは性能に影響を与えない。アルミニウムイオン濃度を0.02mol/L以上とすると、充電受入性能が向上し、これと同時にアイドリングストップ寿命性能が著しく向上する。しかし0.2mol/Lを越える濃度のアルミニウムイオンが電解液に存在すると、高率放電性能が著しく低下し、これに同時にアイドリングストップ寿命性能も著しく低下する。そしてアルミニウムイオン濃度が0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下の範囲で、アイドリングストップ寿命性能が高く、充電受入性能も高くなり、この範囲で高率放電性能も高い値で安定している。   As shown in FIG. 2, in an electrolyte containing 0.02 mol / L lithium ions, 0.01 mol / L aluminum ions do not affect the performance. When the aluminum ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more, the charge acceptance performance is improved, and at the same time, the idling stop life performance is remarkably improved. However, when aluminum ions having a concentration exceeding 0.2 mol / L are present in the electrolyte, the high rate discharge performance is remarkably lowered, and at the same time, the idling stop life performance is remarkably lowered. When the aluminum ion concentration is in the range of 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less, the idling stop life performance is high and the charge acceptance performance is also high. In this range, the high rate discharge performance is also stable at a high value.

リチウムイオン濃度を0.2mol/Lに固定(図3)しても、0.02mol/Lに固定した場合(図2)と結果は類似している。また表1でリチウムイオン濃度とアルミニウムイオン濃度を共に0.1mol/LとしたNo.4の電池は、図2,図3から予想される性能と類似した性能を示す。図2,図3と表1とから、アルミニウムイオン濃度は0.02mol/L以上で0.2mol/L以下とする必要があることが分かる。   Even if the lithium ion concentration is fixed at 0.2 mol / L (FIG. 3), the result is similar to that when fixed at 0.02 mol / L (FIG. 2). In Table 1, the No. 4 battery in which the lithium ion concentration and the aluminum ion concentration are both 0.1 mol / L shows performance similar to that expected from FIGS. 2 and 3 and Table 1, it can be seen that the aluminum ion concentration needs to be 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less.

アルミニウムイオン濃度を0.02mol/Lに固定し、リチウムイオン濃度を0から0.3mol/Lの範囲で変化させると(図4)、リチウムイオン濃度が0と0.01mol/Lとでは性能に変化が無い。しかしリチウムイオン濃度0.02mol/L以上とすると、高率放電性能とアイドリングストップ寿命性能とが著しく向上することが分かる。高率放電性能とアイドリングストップ寿命性能とは、リチウムイオン濃度が0.2mol/Lまでは濃度と共に向上するが、0.3mol/Lでは高率放電性能が著しく低下し、これと同時にアイドリングストップ寿命性能も著しく低下する。   When the aluminum ion concentration is fixed at 0.02 mol / L and the lithium ion concentration is changed in the range of 0 to 0.3 mol / L (Fig. 4), there is no change in performance between the lithium ion concentration of 0 and 0.01 mol / L. . However, when the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more, it can be seen that the high rate discharge performance and the idling stop life performance are remarkably improved. The high-rate discharge performance and idling stop life performance improve with the concentration of lithium ions up to 0.2 mol / L, but at 0.3 mol / L, the high-rate discharge performance decreases significantly and at the same time the idling stop life performance It drops significantly.

アルミニウムイオン濃度を0.2mol/Lに固定(図5)しても、0.02mol/Lに固定した場合(図4)と結果は類似している。即ち、リチウムイオン濃度が0.02mol/L以上で高率放電性能とアイドリングストップ寿命性能とが著しく向上し、リチウムイオン濃度が0.2mol/Lを越えるまでは高い性能が得られる。リチウムイオン濃度が0.2mol/Lを越えると、高率放電性能とアイドリングストップ寿命性能とが著しく低下する。図4,図5と表1とから、リチウムイオン濃度は0.02mol/L以上で0.2mol/L以下とする必要があることが分かる。   Even if the aluminum ion concentration is fixed at 0.2 mol / L (FIG. 5), the result is similar to that when it is fixed at 0.02 mol / L (FIG. 4). That is, when the lithium ion concentration is 0.02 mol / L or more, high rate discharge performance and idling stop life performance are remarkably improved, and high performance is obtained until the lithium ion concentration exceeds 0.2 mol / L. When the lithium ion concentration exceeds 0.2 mol / L, the high rate discharge performance and the idling stop life performance are significantly deteriorated. 4 and 5 and Table 1, it can be seen that the lithium ion concentration needs to be 0.02 mol / L or more and 0.2 mol / L or less.

表1で電解液がリチウムイオンを含まないNo.1,11,13の蓄電池では、アルミニウムイオンにより充電受入性能は向上するが、高率放電性能はむしろ低下し、アイドリングストップ寿命性能も低下することが分かる。電解液がアルミニウムイオンを含まないNo.1,7,8の蓄電池では、リチウムイオンにより高率放電性能が向上するが、アイドリングストップ寿命性能の向上は僅かである。   In Table 1, in No.1, 11, 13 storage batteries whose electrolyte does not contain lithium ions, the charge acceptance performance is improved by aluminum ions, but the high rate discharge performance is rather lowered, and the idling stop life performance is also lowered. I understand. In No.1, 7, and 8 storage batteries in which the electrolytic solution does not contain aluminum ions, lithium ion improves the high-rate discharge performance, but the idling stop life performance is only slightly improved.

表1のNo.19〜22の蓄電池は、ガラスマットを備えず、ポリエチレンセパレータのみを備えている。同じ組成の電解液で多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備えた蓄電池と比較すると、高率放電性能が高いが、アイドリングストップ寿命性能が低く、またアイドリングストップ寿命試験後の正極活物質の脱落率が高いことが分かる。またガラスマット無しでポリエチレンセパレータのみを備えている蓄電池を互いに比較すると、リチウムイオンを含有させずに、アルミニウムイオンのみを含有させても、リチウムイオンもアルミニウムイオンも含有しない蓄電池に比べて、アイドリングストップ寿命性能が向上する(比較例のNo.19,20)。   The storage batteries of Nos. 19 to 22 in Table 1 do not include a glass mat, but include only a polyethylene separator. Compared to a storage battery with a separator made of a porous sheet and a glass mat with an electrolyte of the same composition, the high rate discharge performance is high, but the idling stop life performance is low, and the positive electrode active material is removed after the idling stop life test. It can be seen that the rate is high. In addition, when comparing storage batteries with only a polyethylene separator without a glass mat, idling stop compared to storage batteries that do not contain lithium ions but contain only aluminum ions but do not contain lithium ions or aluminum ions. Life performance is improved (No. 19 and 20 in the comparative example).

実施例では、多孔質シートとガラスマットから成るセパレータを備え、充電受入性能と高率放電性能及びアイドリングストップ寿命性能に優れた鉛蓄電池が得られる。電解液はアルミニウムイオンとリチウムイオン以外に、例えば0.02mol/L以下の濃度のナトリウムイオン、カリウムイオン、マグネシウムイオン等を含んでいても良い。   In the Example, the lead storage battery which is provided with the separator which consists of a porous sheet and a glass mat, and was excellent in charge acceptance performance, high-rate discharge performance, and idling stop life performance is obtained. In addition to aluminum ions and lithium ions, the electrolytic solution may contain, for example, sodium ions, potassium ions, magnesium ions or the like having a concentration of 0.02 mol / L or less.

2 鉛蓄電池
4 正極板
6 負極板
8 ポリエチレンセパレータ
10 ガラスマット
2 Lead acid battery 4 Positive electrode plate 6 Negative electrode plate 8 Polyethylene separator 10 Glass mat

Claims (1)

正極板と負極板と電解液とセパレータとを備えた鉛蓄電池において、
前記セパレータは多孔質シートとガラスマットから成り、
前記電解液がアルミニウムイオンを0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下、リチウムイオンを0.02mol/L以上0.2mol/L以下含有することを特徴とする、鉛蓄電池。
In a lead storage battery comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, an electrolyte and a separator,
The separator is composed of a porous sheet and a glass mat,
The lead acid battery, wherein the electrolytic solution contains aluminum ions in an amount of 0.02 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L and lithium ions in an amount of 0.02 mol / L to 0.2 mol / L.
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