JP2013036867A - Millimeter wave passive imaging device - Google Patents

Millimeter wave passive imaging device Download PDF

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JP2013036867A
JP2013036867A JP2011173586A JP2011173586A JP2013036867A JP 2013036867 A JP2013036867 A JP 2013036867A JP 2011173586 A JP2011173586 A JP 2011173586A JP 2011173586 A JP2011173586 A JP 2011173586A JP 2013036867 A JP2013036867 A JP 2013036867A
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thermal noise
voltage
millimeter
passive imaging
millimeter wave
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Toshihiko Kosugi
敏彦 小杉
Hiroki Sugiyama
弘樹 杉山
Hiroki Nakajima
裕樹 中島
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a millimeter wave passive imaging device which is stable, small-sized and low-cost more than before.SOLUTION: The millimeter wave passive imaging device comprises: an antenna part 1 for receiving thermal noise of a millimeter wave band radiated from an object; an amplification part 2a for amplifying the thermal noise received by the antenna part 1; a pulse generation part 6 for outputting pulses every time of detecting an instantaneous voltage equal to or higher than a prescribed threshold voltage, which is included in the thermal noise amplified by the amplification part 2a; and a pulse number voltage conversion part 7 for converting the number per unit time of the pulses outputted from the pulse generation part 6 to a voltage signal and outputting the voltage signal as a luminance signal 4.

Description

本発明は、物体から放射されるミリ波を受信して増幅し、画像を得るミリ波パッシブイメージング装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a millimeter wave passive imaging apparatus that receives and amplifies a millimeter wave emitted from an object and obtains an image.

従来より、物体から放射されるミリ波帯の熱雑音（電磁波）を受信して増幅し、画像を得るミリ波パッシブイメージング装置が研究されている。このようなミリ波パッシブイメージング装置においては、高利得な低雑音アンプが必要である。ナイキストの定理（非特許文献１参照）より、３００Ｋにおいて平均熱雑音電力は−１７４ｄＢｍ／Ｈｚ（＝ｋＢＴ：ｋはボルツマン定数、Ｂは受信周波数帯域幅、Ｔは絶対温度 ）と極めて小さく、高利得なアンプがなければ十分大きな検波出力が得られない。検波出力が十分大きく得られないと、画像信号は検波器自らが発生する雑音に埋もれてしまうため、信号対雑音比Ｓ／Ｎが劣化する。その結果、見た目の画像が不明瞭になる。   Conventionally, millimeter-wave passive imaging devices that receive and amplify millimeter-wave band thermal noise (electromagnetic waves) emitted from an object to obtain an image have been studied. Such a millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus requires a high-gain low-noise amplifier. From Nyquist's theorem (see Non-Patent Document 1), the average thermal noise power is -174 dBm / Hz (= kBT: k is Boltzmann's constant, B is the reception frequency bandwidth, and T is the absolute temperature) at 300K, and high gain Without a sufficient amplifier, a sufficiently large detection output cannot be obtained. If the detection output cannot be obtained sufficiently large, the image signal is buried in the noise generated by the detector itself, so that the signal-to-noise ratio S / N deteriorates. As a result, the visual image becomes unclear.

次に、これまでに提案されたくつかの改良方法を示す。まず、特殊なダイオードを開発して、検波器の感度を向上する方法が提案されている（非特許文献２参照）。しかし、検波感度を上げることにはダイオードを構成する半導体の物理的な限界もあり、さらにアンプを製造するプロセスとダイオードを製造するプロセスとの違いから、１つの高周波集積回路にアンプとダイオードを混載することは困難である。また、受信周波数帯域幅Ｂを増加させることで受信電力を増加することも考えられるが、周辺部品の動作周波数帯域幅Ｂの制限から広帯域化にも限界がある。また、ミリ波画像には周波数なりの透過特性や反射特性があり、用いる周波数によって得られる画像の性質が異なる。よって、動作周波数帯域幅Ｂをあまり広くすると、本来得たかった画像とは異なる性質のものが含まれることとなり不都合である。   Next, some improved methods proposed so far are shown. First, a method for improving the sensitivity of a detector by developing a special diode has been proposed (see Non-Patent Document 2). However, increasing the detection sensitivity is due to the physical limitations of the semiconductors that make up the diode. Furthermore, due to the difference between the process of manufacturing the amplifier and the process of manufacturing the diode, the amplifier and the diode are combined in one high-frequency integrated circuit. It is difficult to do. Although it is conceivable to increase the reception power by increasing the reception frequency bandwidth B, there is a limit to widening the bandwidth due to the limitation of the operating frequency bandwidth B of peripheral components. Further, the millimeter wave image has transmission characteristics and reflection characteristics corresponding to frequencies, and the properties of the image obtained differ depending on the frequency used. Therefore, if the operating frequency bandwidth B is too wide, it may be inconvenient because it includes a different property from the image originally desired.

以上から、従来のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置においては、できるだけ高感度な検波器を利用し、かつ受信周波数帯域幅Ｂを許容できる範囲で大きくしたうえで、受信信号を十分増幅するために高利得なアンプを用いる必要があった（非特許文献３参照）。上記の状況で求められる低雑音アンプの特徴的な利得は２０〜４０ｄＢである。一方、１つの高周波集積回路内で安定的に得られる特徴的な利得は経験的に２０ｄＢ以下であり、さらにこの特徴的な利得は動作周波数に反比例して低下する傾向がある。何故ならば集積回路の持つ高周波アイソレーションが周波数に反比例して低下し、回路間の電磁結合が大きくなるためである。   From the above, in the conventional millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus, a high-gain detector is used to sufficiently amplify the received signal after using a detector with the highest possible sensitivity and increasing the reception frequency bandwidth B within an allowable range. It was necessary to use an amplifier (see Non-Patent Document 3). The characteristic gain of the low noise amplifier required in the above situation is 20 to 40 dB. On the other hand, the characteristic gain stably obtained in one high-frequency integrated circuit is empirically 20 dB or less, and this characteristic gain tends to decrease in inverse proportion to the operating frequency. This is because the high frequency isolation of the integrated circuit decreases in inverse proportion to the frequency, and electromagnetic coupling between the circuits increases.

本城和彦著，“マイクロ波半導体回路”，日刊工業新聞社，pp.95，ISBN4-526-03386-3，1993Kazuhiko Honjo, “Microwave Semiconductor Circuit”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, pp.95, ISBN4-526-03386-3, 1993 H.P.Moyer，J.N.Schulman，J.J.Lynch，J.H.Schaffner，M.Sokolich，Y.Royter，R.L.Bowen，C.F.McGuire，M.Hu，and A.Schmitz，“W-Band Sb-Diode Detector MMICs for Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging”，IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS，VOL.18，NO.10，OCTOBER，pp.686-688，2008HPMoyer, JNSchulman, JJLynch, JHSchaffner, M. Sokolich, Y. Royter, RL Bowen, CFMcGuire, M. Hu, and A. Schmitz, “W-Band Sb-Diode Detector MMICs for Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging” , IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL.18, NO.10, OCTOBER, pp.686-688, 2008 Wayne Lam，Paul Lee，Larry Yujiri，John Berenz，and Jay Pearlman，“Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using Preamplified Diode Detector”，IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS，VOL.2，NO.7，JULY，pp.276-277，1992Wayne Lam, Paul Lee, Larry Yujiri, John Berenz, and Jay Pearlman, “Millimeter-Wave Imaging Using Preamplified Diode Detector”, IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS, VOL.2, NO.7, JULY, pp.276-277, 1992

以上のように、従来のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置では、十分な検波出力を得るために、受信した雑音信号を大幅に増幅する必要があった。しかし、高利得なアンプを用いると、回路の発振による不具合が発生するため、アンプの発振対策が必要であった。従来は、発振防止のため、（ａ）より高感度な検波器を用いて必要な利得を減らす、（ｂ）動作周波数帯域幅Ｂを増加させて必要な利得を減らす、（ｃ）低利得の複数のアンプに分けて実装する、（ｄ）ヘテロダイン構成にして高周波と中間周波に分けて利得分配する、（ｄ）アンテナやフィーダーの持つ高周波損失の低減で利得を補う、等の対応が複合的に行われてきたが、いずれにせよ装置サイズが大きくなったり、経済性が損なわれたりするため、さらに良い手法が求められてきた。   As described above, in the conventional millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus, it is necessary to greatly amplify the received noise signal in order to obtain a sufficient detection output. However, if a high-gain amplifier is used, a problem due to circuit oscillation occurs, so that it is necessary to take measures against oscillation of the amplifier. Conventionally, in order to prevent oscillation, (a) a necessary gain is reduced by using a more sensitive detector, (b) an operating frequency bandwidth B is increased to reduce a necessary gain, and (c) a low gain. A combination of multiple amplifiers, (d) heterodyne configuration, gain distribution divided into high frequency and intermediate frequency, (d) low frequency loss of antenna and feeder to compensate for gain, etc. However, in any case, since the size of the apparatus is increased and the economic efficiency is impaired, a better method has been demanded.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、従来よりも安定かつ小型で低コストなミリ波パッシブイメージング装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus that is more stable, smaller, and lower in cost than conventional ones.

本発明のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置は、物体から放射されるミリ波帯の熱雑音を受信するアンテナと、このアンテナが受信した熱雑音を増幅する増幅手段と、この増幅手段によって増幅された熱雑音に含まれる、所定の閾値電圧以上の瞬時電圧を検出する度にパルスを出力するパルス生成手段と、このパルス生成手段から出力されるパルスの単位時間あたりの数を電圧信号に変換して、電圧信号を輝度信号として出力するパルス数電圧変換手段とを備えることを特徴とするものである。
また、本発明のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置の１構成例において、前記閾値電圧は、前記増幅手段から出力される熱雑音の予想される平均電圧よりも高い値に設定される。 The millimeter-wave passive imaging device of the present invention includes an antenna that receives thermal noise in the millimeter-wave band radiated from an object, amplification means that amplifies the thermal noise received by the antenna, and thermal noise that is amplified by the amplification means. A pulse generating means for outputting a pulse each time an instantaneous voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage is detected, and converting the number of pulses output from the pulse generating means per unit time into a voltage signal, And pulse number voltage conversion means for outputting a signal as a luminance signal.
In one configuration example of the millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus of the present invention, the threshold voltage is set to a value higher than an expected average voltage of thermal noise output from the amplification unit.

本発明においては、熱雑音から希に発生する大きなスパイク状信号に着目し、そのスパイク状信号の単位時間内での発生個数を数えることで、ミリ波パッシブイメージングにおける輝度情報を得る。熱雑音の振幅分布はレイリー分布であるため、平均電力に対して十分大きいピーク電力が発生する。この大きな受信信号だけを扱えば良いことから、必要利得が減少して、より安定な受信回路が得られる。このように、本発明では、従来と比べて増幅手段に要求される利得を減少させることができるので、増幅手段の安定性を向上させることができると共に、増幅手段の消費電力を減少させることができ、より小型で低コストなミリ波パッシブイメージング装置を実現することができる。   In the present invention, attention is paid to a large spike signal rarely generated from thermal noise, and the number of generated spike signals within a unit time is counted to obtain luminance information in millimeter wave passive imaging. Since the amplitude distribution of the thermal noise is a Rayleigh distribution, a peak power sufficiently large with respect to the average power is generated. Since only this large received signal needs to be handled, the required gain is reduced and a more stable receiving circuit can be obtained. As described above, according to the present invention, the gain required for the amplifying means can be reduced as compared with the prior art, so that the stability of the amplifying means can be improved and the power consumption of the amplifying means can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to realize a millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus that is smaller and less expensive.

物体から放射される熱雑音の波形の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the waveform of the thermal noise radiated | emitted from an object. レイリー分布の確率密度関数による計算結果の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the calculation result by the probability density function of Rayleigh distribution. 熱雑音のピーク数と閾値電圧との関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between the peak number of thermal noise, and a threshold voltage. 本発明の実施の形態に係るミリ波パッシブイメージング装置のセンサ部の構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the sensor part of the millimeter wave passive imaging device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. 従来のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置のセンサ部の構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the sensor part of the conventional millimeter wave passive imaging device.

まず、本発明の原理について詳細に説明していく。図１に物体から放射される熱雑音（ミリ波）の波形の一例を示す。熱雑音電圧の絶対値の平均値を平均電圧Ｖａｖｅ．と定義する。熱雑音の振幅はレイリー分布となっていることから、熱雑音の波形には平均電圧Ｖａｖｅ．を遥かに上回るピーク電圧値が見られる。これらのピーク電圧値の中で閾値電圧Ｖｔｈを超えるものを電圧ピークＶｐｅａｋと定義する。
次に、レイリー分布の確率密度関数Ｐ（ｖ）を下記に示す。 First, the principle of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 shows an example of a waveform of thermal noise (millimeter wave) radiated from an object. The absolute value of the absolute value of the thermal noise voltage is calculated as the average voltage Vave. It is defined as Since the amplitude of the thermal noise has a Rayleigh distribution, the average voltage Vave. A peak voltage value far exceeding that is observed. Among these peak voltage values, the voltage exceeding the threshold voltage Vth is defined as a voltage peak Vpeak.
Next, the probability density function P (v) of Rayleigh distribution is shown below.

Figure 2013036867
Figure 2013036867

ｖは電圧振幅である。図２は式（１）のレイリー分布の確率密度関数Ｐ（ｖ）による計算結果の一例を示す図である。ここでは、パラメータであるσを０．３２Ｖとしている。図２の平均電圧Ｖａｖｅ．は０．４Ｖであり、また装置が５０Ω系であると仮定すれば平均電力は２ｍＷ（３ｄＢｍ）と算出される。ここで、確率密度関数の定義より、図２に示す確率密度−振幅電圧の分布で電圧が閾値電圧Ｖｔｈを超える確率は面積Ｓと等しいことが分かる。   v is the voltage amplitude. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a calculation result by the probability density function P (v) of the Rayleigh distribution of Expression (1). Here, the parameter σ is set to 0.32V. The average voltage Vave. Is 0.4 V, and if the device is assumed to be a 50Ω system, the average power is calculated as 2 mW (3 dBm). Here, it can be seen from the definition of the probability density function that the probability that the voltage exceeds the threshold voltage Vth in the probability density-amplitude voltage distribution shown in FIG.

次に、熱雑音に閾値電圧Ｖｔｈを超えるピークが単位時間あたり何個現れるかを計算する。周波数帯域幅Ｂの狭帯域雑音は、その中心周波数をｆｃとすると、時間間隔１／ｆｃの間では振幅および位相は急変しないことが知られている。また、熱雑音の包絡線の変動周期は周波数帯域幅Ｂを上限としているため、最低限でも変動周期１／Ｂより早い応答速度で信号の強さを測定すれば、取りこぼしなく全てのピークを検出できる。よって、以降は最も効率の高い変動周期１／Ｂでピーク検出を行うことに話をしぼる。また、通常の受信器では比帯域Ｂ／ｆｃは１より小さい。よって、時間間隔１／ｆｃより変動周期１／Ｂは長くなり、１つのピークには周波数ｆｃの波が何周期か含まれていることになる。前述の閾値電圧Ｖｔｈを超える確率（面積Ｓ）と包絡線の変動周期１／Ｂを併せて考えると、熱雑音に単位時間に発生する、閾値電圧Ｖｔｈを超えるピークの数Ｎは以下の式で表される。
Ｎ＝Ｓ×Ｂ ・・・（２） Next, the number of peaks that exceed the threshold voltage Vth in the thermal noise per unit time is calculated. It is known that the amplitude and phase of the narrowband noise of the frequency bandwidth B do not change suddenly during the time interval 1 / fc, where the center frequency is fc. In addition, the fluctuation period of the thermal noise envelope has an upper limit of the frequency bandwidth B. Therefore, if the signal strength is measured at a response speed faster than the fluctuation period 1 / B at a minimum, all peaks are detected without being missed. it can. Therefore, in the following, we will focus on performing peak detection with the most efficient fluctuation period 1 / B. Further, in a normal receiver, the specific band B / fc is smaller than 1. Therefore, the fluctuation cycle 1 / B is longer than the time interval 1 / fc, and one peak includes several cycles of the frequency fc. Considering the above probability (area S) exceeding the threshold voltage Vth and the fluctuation period 1 / B of the envelope, the number N of peaks exceeding the threshold voltage Vth that occur in unit time due to thermal noise is given by the following equation. expressed.
N = S × B (2)

式（２）より、σ＝０．３２Ｖ、Ｂ＝２０ＧＨｚの場合のピーク数Ｎと閾値電圧Ｖｔｈとの関係を図３に示す。ただし、図３では、閾値電圧Ｖｔｈの代わりに、閾値電圧Ｖｔｈに対応する５０Ω系交流電力（ｄＢｍ）を横軸としている。図３から、平均電圧Ｖａｖｅ．＝０．４Ｖに対応する平均電力である２ｍＷ（３ｄＢｍ）よりも１２ｄＢ高い瞬時電力（１５ｄＢｍ）のピークが１秒間に１万個以上観察されることが分かる。つまり、これらのピークだけを計数すれば良いのであれば、低雑音アンプの利得は従来よりも１２ｄＢ低く設定できることになる。その結果、低雑音アンプの必要利得が減少し、回路の安定性が改善され、１つの集積回路で十分な装置性能が得られるようになる。   FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the number of peaks N and the threshold voltage Vth when σ = 0.32 V and B = 20 GHz from the equation (2). However, in FIG. 3, instead of the threshold voltage Vth, the horizontal axis represents 50Ω system AC power (dBm) corresponding to the threshold voltage Vth. From FIG. 3, the average voltage Vave. It can be seen that 10,000 or more peaks of instantaneous power (15 dBm) 12 dB higher than 2 mW (3 dBm), which is an average power corresponding to 0.4V, are observed per second. That is, if only these peaks need to be counted, the gain of the low noise amplifier can be set 12 dB lower than the conventional one. As a result, the required gain of the low noise amplifier is reduced, the stability of the circuit is improved, and sufficient device performance can be obtained with one integrated circuit.

図４は本発明の実施の形態に係るミリ波パッシブイメージング装置のセンサ部の構成例を示すブロック図である。比較のため、従来のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置のセンサ部の構成を図５に示す。本実施の形態のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置は、アンテナ部１と、増幅部２ａと、パルス計数部５とを有する。パルス計数部５は、パルス生成部６と、パルス数電圧変換部７とから構成される。本実施の形態と従来との違いは、検波器３がパルス計数部５に変更されることと、増幅部２ａの利得が１２ｄＢ低減されることである。   FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a sensor unit of the millimeter wave passive imaging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. For comparison, FIG. 5 shows a configuration of a sensor unit of a conventional millimeter wave passive imaging apparatus. The millimeter wave passive imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment includes an antenna unit 1, an amplification unit 2 a, and a pulse counting unit 5. The pulse counting unit 5 includes a pulse generation unit 6 and a pulse number voltage conversion unit 7. The difference between the present embodiment and the prior art is that the detector 3 is changed to the pulse counting unit 5 and the gain of the amplifying unit 2a is reduced by 12 dB.

アンテナ部１は、対象となる物体（不図示）から放射される熱雑音（ミリ波）を受信する。増幅部２ａは、アンテナ部１が受信した熱雑音を増幅する。ここで、図５に示す従来例では、増幅部２が例えば６ｄＢの利得を有する５段の低雑音アンプからなるのに対し、本実施の形態では、増幅部２ａが例えば６ｄＢの利得を有する３段の低雑音アンプから構成されており、上記のとおり増幅部２ａの利得が従来に対して１２ｄＢ低減されている。   The antenna unit 1 receives thermal noise (millimeter wave) radiated from a target object (not shown). The amplifying unit 2a amplifies the thermal noise received by the antenna unit 1. Here, in the conventional example shown in FIG. 5, the amplifying unit 2 is composed of a five-stage low noise amplifier having a gain of 6 dB, for example. In the present embodiment, the amplifying unit 2a has a gain of 6 dB, for example. The amplifier is composed of a low-noise amplifier of a stage, and as described above, the gain of the amplifying unit 2a is reduced by 12 dB as compared with the prior art.

パルス生成部６は、増幅部２ａから出力される熱雑音に含まれる、閾値電圧Ｖｔｈ以上の瞬時電圧を検出する度にパルスを出力する。パルス生成部６としては、周波数帯域幅Ｂ以上を持つフリップフロップやピークホールド回路等が利用可能である。閾値電圧Ｖｔｈは、図３で説明したとおり交流電力に換算した値で１５ｄＢｍとなる点の近辺に設定される。   The pulse generation unit 6 outputs a pulse every time it detects an instantaneous voltage that is included in the thermal noise output from the amplification unit 2a and is equal to or higher than the threshold voltage Vth. As the pulse generation unit 6, a flip-flop having a frequency bandwidth B or more, a peak hold circuit, or the like can be used. The threshold voltage Vth is set in the vicinity of the point at which the value converted to AC power is 15 dBm as described in FIG.

パルス数電圧変換部７は、パルス生成部６から出力されるパルスの単位時間あたりの数Ｎを電圧信号に変換して、この電圧信号を輝度信号４として出力する。パルス数電圧変換部７としては、パルスカウンターや低域ろ波フィルター等が利用可能である。
図示しない信号処理部は、パルス数電圧変換部７から出力された輝度信号４を信号処理して物体のミリ波画像を生成し、このミリ波画像を表示する。 The pulse number voltage converter 7 converts the number N of pulses output from the pulse generator 6 per unit time into a voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal as the luminance signal 4. As the pulse number voltage converter 7, a pulse counter, a low-pass filter, or the like can be used.
A signal processing unit (not shown) processes the luminance signal 4 output from the pulse number voltage conversion unit 7 to generate a millimeter wave image of the object, and displays this millimeter wave image.

なお、図４に示した構成は２次元のミリ波画像の１画素に対応する。したがって、図４に示したセンサ部を２次元のアレイ状に多数配置して物体からの熱雑音を２次元で受信して２次元のミリ波画像を得るか、あるいはアンテナ部１を動かして物体を走査することにより２次元のミリ波画像を得る必要がある。   Note that the configuration shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to one pixel of a two-dimensional millimeter-wave image. Therefore, a large number of sensor units shown in FIG. 4 are arranged in a two-dimensional array to receive thermal noise from the object in two dimensions to obtain a two-dimensional millimeter-wave image, or the antenna unit 1 is moved to move the object. It is necessary to obtain a two-dimensional millimeter wave image by scanning.

以上説明したように、本実施の形態では、従来と比べて低雑音アンプに要求される利得を減少させることができるので、低雑音アンプの安定性を向上させることができると共に、低雑音アンプの消費電力を減少させることができ、より小型で低コストなミリ波パッシブイメージング装置を実現することができる。   As described above, in this embodiment, the gain required for the low noise amplifier can be reduced as compared with the conventional case, so that the stability of the low noise amplifier can be improved and the low noise amplifier can be improved. The power consumption can be reduced, and a more compact and low-cost millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus can be realized.

本発明は、物体から放射されるミリ波を受信して増幅し画像を得る技術に適用することができる。   The present invention can be applied to a technique for receiving and amplifying a millimeter wave radiated from an object to obtain an image.

１…アンテナ部、２ａ…増幅部、５…パルス計数部、６…パルス生成部、７…パルス数電圧変換部。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Antenna part, 2a ... Amplifying part, 5 ... Pulse counting part, 6 ... Pulse generation part, 7 ... Pulse number voltage conversion part.

Claims (2)

物体から放射されるミリ波帯の熱雑音を受信するアンテナと、
このアンテナが受信した熱雑音を増幅する増幅手段と、
この増幅手段によって増幅された熱雑音に含まれる、所定の閾値電圧以上の瞬時電圧を検出する度にパルスを出力するパルス生成手段と、
このパルス生成手段から出力されるパルスの単位時間あたりの数を電圧信号に変換して、電圧信号を輝度信号として出力するパルス数電圧変換手段とを備えることを特徴とするミリ波パッシブイメージング装置。 An antenna for receiving millimeter-wave thermal noise radiated from an object;
Amplifying means for amplifying the thermal noise received by the antenna;
A pulse generating means for outputting a pulse each time an instantaneous voltage equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold voltage included in the thermal noise amplified by the amplifying means is detected;
A millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus comprising: a pulse number voltage conversion unit that converts the number of pulses output from the pulse generation unit per unit time into a voltage signal and outputs the voltage signal as a luminance signal. 請求項１記載のミリ波パッシブイメージング装置において、
前記閾値電圧は、前記増幅手段から出力される熱雑音の予想される平均電圧よりも高い値に設定されることを特徴とするミリ波パッシブイメージング装置。 The millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus according to claim 1,
The millimeter-wave passive imaging apparatus, wherein the threshold voltage is set to a value higher than an expected average voltage of thermal noise output from the amplification means.
JP2011173586A 2011-08-09 2011-08-09 Millimeter wave passive imaging device Pending JP2013036867A (en)

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