JP2013025928A - Gasket for fuel cell - Google Patents

Gasket for fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2013025928A
JP2013025928A JP2011157730A JP2011157730A JP2013025928A JP 2013025928 A JP2013025928 A JP 2013025928A JP 2011157730 A JP2011157730 A JP 2011157730A JP 2011157730 A JP2011157730 A JP 2011157730A JP 2013025928 A JP2013025928 A JP 2013025928A
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Prior art keywords
gasket
mea
separator
gas
fuel cell
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JP2011157730A
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JP5835554B2 (en
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Takayuki Horimoto
隆之 堀本
Shotaro Koga
正太郎 古賀
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Nok Corp
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Nok Corp
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Priority to JP2011157730A priority Critical patent/JP5835554B2/en
Priority to PCT/JP2012/068285 priority patent/WO2013012026A1/en
Priority to EP12814585.1A priority patent/EP2736108B1/en
Priority to CN201280035047.0A priority patent/CN103688398B/en
Priority to KR1020137034361A priority patent/KR102017312B1/en
Publication of JP2013025928A publication Critical patent/JP2013025928A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/028—Sealing means characterised by their material
    • H01M8/0284—Organic resins; Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce costs for a fuel cell stack.SOLUTION: A gasket 1(2) for a fuel cell is integrally molded by a rubber-like elastic material on an outer periphery of a GDL 3(4) interposed between a separator 6(7) and an MEA 5, and closely contacts the separator 6(7). A gas introduction groove 1b extending so that a manifold hole 1a(2a) opened on the gasket 1(2) and a gas reaction region 10A by the MEA 5 are communicated with each other is formed on a face of the gasket 1(2) opposed to the separator 6(7). The gas introduction groove 1b can be formed at the same time of molding the basket 1(2) by the rubber-like elastic material. There is no need of processing a gas introduction groove on the side of the separator 6(7), and therefore, costs can be reduced.

Description

本発明は、燃料電池の発電要素をなす燃料電池セルに用いられ、ＧＤＬ（Gas Diffusion Layer：ガス拡散層）に一体的に設けられたガスケットに関するものである。   The present invention relates to a gasket that is used in a fuel cell constituting a power generation element of a fuel cell and is integrally provided in a GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer).

図１１〜図１３に示すように、燃料電池は、電解質膜及びその両面に設けた不図示の触媒電極層からなるＭＥＡ（Membrane Electrode Assembly：膜−電極複合体）１０１を、厚さ方向両側からＧＤＬ１０２，１０３を介してセパレータ１０４，１０５で挟持することによって、発電の最小単位である燃料電池セル１００が構成されている。ＧＤＬ１０２，１０３の外周側には、それぞれゴム状弾性材料（ゴム材料又はゴム状弾性を有する合成樹脂材料）からなるガスケット１０６，１０７が、ＧＤＬ１０２，１０３の縁部へゴム状弾性材料の一部が含浸された状態で一体的に成形されている。   As shown in FIGS. 11 to 13, the fuel cell includes an MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) 101 composed of an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst electrode layer (not shown) provided on both sides thereof from both sides in the thickness direction. The fuel cell 100 that is the minimum unit of power generation is configured by being sandwiched between the separators 104 and 105 via the GDLs 102 and 103. Gaskets 106 and 107 made of rubber-like elastic material (rubber material or synthetic resin material having rubber-like elasticity) are respectively provided on the outer peripheral sides of the GDLs 102 and 103, and a part of the rubber-like elastic material is placed on the edges of the GDLs 102 and 103. It is integrally molded in an impregnated state.

セパレータ１０４，１０５及びガスケット１０６，１０７にはそれぞれ複数のマニホールド孔１０４ａ，１０５ａ，１０６ａ，１０７ａが開設されており、図１１及び図１２に示すように、セパレータ１０４，１０５におけるＧＤＬ１０２，１０３との対向面（図１３に示すＭＥＡ１０１によるガス反応領域１００Ａ）には燃料ガス反応用溝１０４ｂ及び酸化剤ガス反応用溝１０５ｂが形成され、さらにセパレータ１０４，１０５におけるガスケット１０６，１０７との対向面にはマニホールド孔１０４ａ，１０５ａとガス反応領域１００Ａ（燃料ガス反応用溝１０４ｂ及び酸化剤ガス反応用溝１０５ｂ）の間を連通するガス導入溝１０４ｃ及びガス導入溝１０５ｃが形成されている。そして図１３に示す積層状態では、セパレータ１０４，１０５のマニホールド孔１０４ａ，１０５ａとガスケット１０６，１０７のマニホールド孔１０６ａ，１０７ａが互いに重合（連通）されることによって燃料ガス、酸化剤ガスや冷媒の供給通路及び排出通路（マニホールド孔）が形成される。   A plurality of manifold holes 104a, 105a, 106a, 107a are formed in the separators 104, 105 and the gaskets 106, 107, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the separators 104, 105 are opposed to the GDLs 102, 103. A fuel gas reaction groove 104b and an oxidant gas reaction groove 105b are formed on the surface (the gas reaction region 100A by the MEA 101 shown in FIG. 13), and a manifold 104 is formed on the surface facing the gaskets 106 and 107 in the separators 104 and 105. A gas introduction groove 104c and a gas introduction groove 105c communicating between the holes 104a and 105a and the gas reaction region 100A (the fuel gas reaction groove 104b and the oxidant gas reaction groove 105b) are formed. In the stacked state shown in FIG. 13, the manifold holes 104a and 105a of the separators 104 and 105 and the manifold holes 106a and 107a of the gaskets 106 and 107 are superposed (communicated) with each other, thereby supplying fuel gas, oxidant gas and refrigerant. A passage and a discharge passage (manifold hole) are formed.

すなわちこの種の燃料電池は、各燃料電池セル１００において、マニホールド孔を流通する燃料ガス（水素）が、ガス導入溝１０４ｃ、燃料ガス反応用溝１０４ｂ及び一方のＧＤＬ１０２を介してＭＥＡ１０１の一方の触媒電極層（アノード）側に供給され、他のマニホールド孔を流通する酸化剤ガス（空気）が、ガス導入溝１０５ｃ、酸化剤ガス反応用溝１０５ｂ及び他方のＧＤＬ１０３を介してＭＥＡ１０１の他方の触媒電極層（カソード）側に供給され、水の電気分解の逆反応、すなわち水素と酸素から水を生成する反応によって電力を発生するものである。そして、各燃料電池セル１００による起電力は低いものであるが、多数の燃料電池セル１００を積層して電気的に直列に接続したスタックとすることにより、必要な起電力が得られるようになっている（例えば特許文献１，２参照）。   That is, in this type of fuel cell, in each fuel cell 100, the fuel gas (hydrogen) flowing through the manifold hole is one catalyst of the MEA 101 via the gas introduction groove 104 c, the fuel gas reaction groove 104 b, and one GDL 102. The oxidant gas (air) that is supplied to the electrode layer (anode) side and circulates through the other manifold holes passes through the gas introduction groove 105 c, the oxidant gas reaction groove 105 b, and the other GDL 103 to the other catalyst electrode of the MEA 101. It is supplied to the layer (cathode) side and generates electric power by the reverse reaction of water electrolysis, that is, the reaction of generating water from hydrogen and oxygen. And although the electromotive force by each fuel cell 100 is low, a required electromotive force can be obtained by stacking a large number of fuel cells 100 and electrically connecting them in series. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 1 and 2).

特開２００４−３３５４５３号公報JP 2004-335453 A 特開２００７−０２６８４７号公報JP 2007-026847 A

この種の燃料電池は、スタックのますますの小型化・低コスト化が求められており、上述のように、ＧＤＬ１０２，１０３にガスケット１０６，１０７が一体化された構成としたものは、スタック組立等での作業性が向上し、コスト低減に有効である。しかしながら、マニホールド孔とガス反応領域１００Ａ（燃料ガス反応用溝１０４ｂ及び酸化剤ガス反応用溝１０５ｂ）の間のガス導入溝１０４ｃ及びガス導入溝１０５ｃは、セパレータ１０４，１０５の加工により形成しており、加工コストが高いものとなっている。   This type of fuel cell is required to further reduce the size and cost of the stack. As described above, the structure in which the gaskets 106 and 107 are integrated with the GDLs 102 and 103 is the stack assembly. This is effective for reducing costs. However, the gas introduction groove 104c and the gas introduction groove 105c between the manifold hole and the gas reaction region 100A (the fuel gas reaction groove 104b and the oxidant gas reaction groove 105b) are formed by processing the separators 104 and 105. The processing cost is high.

本発明は、以上のような点に鑑みてなされたものであって、その技術的課題は、燃料電池用ガスケットの改良によって、燃料電池スタックの一層の低コスト化を実現することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a technical problem thereof is to realize further cost reduction of the fuel cell stack by improving the fuel cell gasket.

上述した技術的課題を有効に解決するための手段として、請求項１の発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットは、セパレータとＭＥＡの間に介在されるＧＤＬの外周にゴム状弾性材料で一体に成形され、前記セパレータと密接されるガスケットにおいて、このガスケットの前記セパレータとの対向面に、このガスケットに開設されたマニホールド孔と前記ＭＥＡによるガス反応領域を互いに連通するように延びるガス導入溝が形成されたことを特徴とするものである。   As a means for effectively solving the technical problem described above, the fuel cell gasket according to the invention of claim 1 is integrally formed of a rubber-like elastic material on the outer periphery of the GDL interposed between the separator and the MEA. In the gasket to be in close contact with the separator, a gas introduction groove extending to communicate the manifold hole formed in the gasket and the gas reaction region by the MEA is formed on the surface of the gasket facing the separator. It is characterized by this.

また、請求項２の発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットは、請求項１に記載された構成において、補強板が一体に設けられたことを特徴とするものである。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell gasket according to the first aspect, wherein the reinforcing plate is integrally provided.

また、請求項３の発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットは、請求項２に記載された構成において、ガス導入溝が補強板に形成されたことを特徴とするものである。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the fuel cell gasket according to the second aspect, the gas introduction groove is formed in the reinforcing plate.

本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットによれば、ガスケットに形成されたガス導入溝によって、マニホールド孔とガス反応領域の間で反応ガス（燃料ガス及び酸化剤ガス）を流通させる流路が形成され、このガス導入溝はゴム状弾性材料によるガスケットの成形と同時に形成可能であり、セパレータ側にガス導入溝を加工する必要がないので、コストを低減することができる。   According to the gasket for a fuel cell according to the present invention, the gas introduction groove formed in the gasket forms a flow path for flowing the reaction gas (fuel gas and oxidant gas) between the manifold hole and the gas reaction region, The gas introduction groove can be formed simultaneously with the molding of the gasket made of a rubber-like elastic material, and it is not necessary to process the gas introduction groove on the separator side, so that the cost can be reduced.

また、ガスケットに一体に設けられた補強板によって、ガス導入溝によるガスケットの機械的強度の低下が防止され、燃料電池スタックの組立を容易にすることができる。   In addition, the reinforcing plate provided integrally with the gasket prevents a reduction in the mechanical strength of the gasket due to the gas introduction groove, thereby facilitating the assembly of the fuel cell stack.

また、ガス導入溝がガスケットに一体に埋設された補強板に形成されることによって、ガスケットの圧縮によるガス導入溝の変形が防止され、しかもガス導入溝の形成部分の機械的強度が補償されるので、燃料電池スタックの組立を容易にすることができる。   Further, since the gas introduction groove is formed on the reinforcing plate embedded in the gasket integrally, the deformation of the gas introduction groove due to the compression of the gasket is prevented, and the mechanical strength of the gas introduction groove formation portion is compensated. Therefore, the assembly of the fuel cell stack can be facilitated.

本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第一の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図である。It is the top view of the separation state which looked at the 1st embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells concerning the present invention from the lamination direction with MEA and a separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第一の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図１のI−I線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the separation state which cuts and shows the 1st embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells concerning the present invention in the II line position of Drawing 1 with MEA and a separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第一の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図１のI−I線位置で切断して示す積層状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the lamination | stacking state which cut | disconnects and shows 1st embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells which concerns on this invention in the II line position of FIG. 1 with MEA and a separator. 燃料電池セルにおける発電のメカニズムを概略的に示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the mechanism of the electric power generation in a fuel cell. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第二の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図である。It is the top view of the isolation | separation state which looked at 2nd embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells which concerns on this invention from the lamination direction with MEA and the separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第二の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図５のV−V線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図である。FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view in a separated state showing a second embodiment of the gasket for a fuel cell according to the present invention cut along the line V-V in FIG. 5 together with the MEA and the separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第二の実施の形態の他の例を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図５のV−V線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the isolation | separation state which cuts and shows the other example of 2nd embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells which concerns on this invention in the VV line position of FIG. 5 with MEA and a separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第三の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図である。It is the top view of the separation state which looked at 3rd embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells which concerns on this invention from the lamination direction with MEA and the separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第三の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図８のVIII−VIII線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the separation state which cuts and shows a 3rd embodiment of a gasket for fuel cells concerning the present invention in the VIII-VIII line position of Drawing 8 with MEA and a separator. 本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第三の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図８のVIII−VIII線位置で切断して示す積層状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the lamination | stacking state which shows 3rd embodiment of the gasket for fuel cells based on this invention cut | disconnected by the VIII-VIII line position of FIG. 8 with MEA and a separator. 従来技術に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの一例を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図である。It is a top view of the separation state which looked at an example of the gasket for fuel cells concerning a prior art from the lamination direction with MEA and a separator. 従来技術に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの一例を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図１１のXI−XI位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the isolation | separation state which cuts and shows an example of the gasket for fuel cells which concerns on a prior art in the XI-XI position of FIG. 11 with MEA and a separator. 従来技術に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの一例を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図１１のXI−XI線位置で切断して示す積層状態の部分断面図である。It is a fragmentary sectional view of the lamination | stacking state which shows an example of the gasket for fuel cells which concerns on a prior art, cut | disconnected and shown by the XI-XI line position of FIG. 11 with MEA and a separator.

以下、本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの好ましい実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a gasket for a fuel cell according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

まず図１は、本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第一の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図、図２は、図１のI−I線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図、図３は、図１のI−I線位置で切断して示す積層状態の部分断面図である。   FIG. 1 is a plan view of a fuel cell gasket according to a first embodiment of the present invention in a separated state when viewed from the stacking direction together with an MEA and a separator, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view in a separated state shown by cutting, and FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view in a stacked state shown by cutting along the line II in FIG.

これらの図における参照符号１，２は本発明に係るガスケットであって、ゴム状弾性材料（ゴム材料又はゴム状弾性を有する合成樹脂材料）、好ましくはエチレンプロピレンゴム（ＥＰＤＭ）、シリコーンゴム（ＶＭＱ）、フッ素ゴム（ＦＫＭ）、パーフルオロゴム（ＦＦＫＭ）などから選択された材料で板状又はシート状に成形されている。   Reference numerals 1 and 2 in these drawings are gaskets according to the present invention, and are rubbery elastic materials (rubber materials or synthetic resin materials having rubbery elasticity), preferably ethylene propylene rubber (EPDM), silicone rubber (VMQ). ), Fluoro rubber (FKM), perfluoro rubber (FFKM) and the like.

ＧＤＬ（Gas Diffusion Layer：ガス拡散層）３，４は、金属製の多孔体やカーボン繊維など、ガスの流通を許容する無数の微細貫通空隙を有する多孔質の導電性材料からなる同形同大の板状又はシート状のものであって、ガスケット１，２は、そのゴム状弾性材料の一部がＧＤＬ３，４の端縁部に浸透して硬化することによって、ＧＤＬ３，４の外周を包囲するように、このＧＤＬ３，４に一体に成形されている。   GDL (Gas Diffusion Layer) 3, 4 is the same shape and size made of a porous conductive material with countless fine through-holes that allow gas flow, such as metallic porous bodies and carbon fibers The gaskets 1 and 2 enclose the outer periphery of the GDL 3 and 4 when a part of the rubber-like elastic material penetrates into the edge of the GDL 3 and 4 and hardens. Thus, the GDLs 3 and 4 are integrally formed.

また、参照符号５はＭＥＡ（Membrane Electrode Assembly：膜−電極複合体）で、電解質膜及びその両面に設けた不図示の触媒電極層からなり、参照符号６，７は、カーボンあるいは導電性金属からなるセパレータである。   Reference numeral 5 is an MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) comprising an electrolyte membrane and catalyst electrode layers (not shown) provided on both sides thereof, and reference numerals 6 and 7 are made of carbon or conductive metal. It is a separator.

そして図３に示す積層状態では、ＭＥＡ５を、その厚さ方向両側からＧＤＬ３，４を介してセパレータ６，７で挟持することによって、発電の最小単位である燃料電池セル１０が構成される。このとき、ＭＥＡ５の外周部は、その両側のガスケット１，２によって密接挟持され、このガスケット１，２におけるＭＥＡ５と反対側の面は、セパレータ６，７に密接される。   In the stacked state shown in FIG. 3, the MEA 5 is sandwiched between the separators 6 and 7 via the GDLs 3 and 4 from both sides in the thickness direction, thereby constituting the fuel cell 10 that is the minimum unit of power generation. At this time, the outer peripheral portion of the MEA 5 is tightly held between the gaskets 1 and 2 on both sides thereof, and the surfaces of the gaskets 1 and 2 opposite to the MEA 5 are in close contact with the separators 6 and 7.

ガスケット１，２には、それぞれ複数対のマニホールド孔１ａ，２ａが開設されており、セパレータ６，７にもガスケット１，２のマニホールド孔１ａ，２ａと対応する位置にマニホールド孔６ａ，７ａが開設されている。したがって図３に示す積層状態では、マニホールド孔１ａ，２ａと６ａ，７ａが互いに重合（連通）されることによって燃料ガス、酸化剤ガスや冷媒の供給通路及び排出通路（マニホールド孔）が形成される。   A plurality of pairs of manifold holes 1a and 2a are formed in the gaskets 1 and 2, and manifold holes 6a and 7a are also formed in the separators 6 and 7 at positions corresponding to the manifold holes 1a and 2a of the gaskets 1 and 2. Has been. Therefore, in the stacked state shown in FIG. 3, the manifold holes 1a, 2a and 6a, 7a are superposed (communicated) with each other to form a supply path and a discharge path (manifold hole) for fuel gas, oxidant gas and refrigerant. .

一方のセパレータ６におけるＧＤＬ３との対向面には複数の燃料ガス反応用溝６ｂが形成されており、他方のセパレータ７におけるＧＤＬ４との対向面には複数の酸化剤ガス反応用溝７ｂが形成されており、図３に示す積層状態では、ＭＥＡ５と、ＧＤＬ３，４と、燃料ガス反応用溝６ｂ及び酸化剤ガス反応用溝７ｂが互いに重合した領域がガス反応領域１０Ａ、すなわち発電領域となっており、このガス反応領域１０Ａの周囲がガスケット１，２によってシールされる。   A plurality of fuel gas reaction grooves 6b are formed on the surface of the one separator 6 facing the GDL 3, and a plurality of oxidant gas reaction grooves 7b are formed on the surface of the other separator 7 facing the GDL 4. In the stacked state shown in FIG. 3, the region where the MEA 5, the GDLs 3 and 4, the fuel gas reaction groove 6b and the oxidant gas reaction groove 7b are polymerized is the gas reaction region 10A, that is, the power generation region. The periphery of the gas reaction region 10A is sealed by the gaskets 1 and 2.

ガスケット１におけるセパレータ６との対向面には、マニホールド孔１ａとガス反応領域１０Ａにおける燃料ガス反応用溝６ｂを互いに連通するように延びるガス導入溝１ｂが形成されており、同様に、ガスケット２におけるセパレータ７との対向面には、マニホールド孔２ａとガス反応領域１０Ａにおける酸化剤ガス反応用溝７ｂを互いに連通するように延びるガス導入溝２ｂが形成されている（図２及び図３にはガス導入溝２ｂは不図示）。なお、ガスケット１のガス導入溝１ｂは、図２に符号３ａで示すように、ＧＤＬ３の端部へ達するように延在されており、ガスケット２のガス導入溝２ｂも同様に、ＧＤＬ４の端部へ達するように延在されている。   A gas introduction groove 1b extending so as to communicate with the manifold hole 1a and the fuel gas reaction groove 6b in the gas reaction region 10A is formed on the surface of the gasket 1 facing the separator 6. A gas introduction groove 2b extending so as to communicate with the manifold hole 2a and the oxidant gas reaction groove 7b in the gas reaction region 10A is formed on the surface facing the separator 7 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The introduction groove 2b is not shown). The gas introduction groove 1b of the gasket 1 extends so as to reach the end of the GDL 3 as indicated by reference numeral 3a in FIG. 2, and the gas introduction groove 2b of the gasket 2 is similarly the end of the GDL 4. Has been extended to reach.

上述のように構成された燃料電池セル１０は、図４に示すように、水素Ｈ2を含む燃料ガスが燃料ガス流路（ガス導入溝１ｂ及び燃料ガス反応用溝６ｂ）及び一方のＧＤＬ３を介してＭＥＡ５における一方の触媒電極層（アノード）５２に供給され、酸素Ｏ2を含む酸化剤ガス（空気）が酸化剤ガス流路（ガス導入溝２ｂ及び酸化剤ガス反応用溝７ｂ）及び他方のＧＤＬ４を介してＭＥＡ５における他方の触媒電極層（カソード）５３に供給され、水素Ｈ2と酸素Ｏ2から水Ｈ2Ｏを生成する電気化学反応によって電力を発生するものである。 In the fuel cell 10 configured as described above, as shown in FIG. 4, the fuel gas containing hydrogen H 2 passes through the fuel gas flow path (the gas introduction groove 1 b and the fuel gas reaction groove 6 b) and one GDL 3. The oxidant gas (air) containing oxygen O 2 is supplied to one catalyst electrode layer (anode) 52 in the MEA 5 through the oxidant gas flow path (gas introduction groove 2b and oxidant gas reaction groove 7b) and the other. This is supplied to the other catalyst electrode layer (cathode) 53 of the MEA 5 through the GDL 4 and generates electric power by an electrochemical reaction that generates water H 2 O from hydrogen H 2 and oxygen O 2 .

すなわち、ＭＥＡ５におけるアノード５２に供給された燃料ガス中の水素Ｈ2は、このアノード５２の触媒作用によって電子ｅ-と水素イオンＨ+に分解され、電子ｅ-は、電流として外部負荷Ｒを通ってＭＥＡ５におけるカソード５３へ向けて流れる。そして水素Ｈ2から電子ｅ-が分離されることによって生じた水素イオンＨ+は、カソード５３の電子ｅ-に引き付けられるので、ＭＥＡ５における電解質膜５１を介してカソード５３へ移動する。 That is, hydrogen H 2 in the fuel gas supplied to the anode 52 in the MEA 5 is decomposed into electrons e − and hydrogen ions H + by the catalytic action of the anode 52, and the electrons e − pass through the external load R as a current. And flows toward the cathode 53 in the MEA 5. The hydrogen ions H + generated by separating the electrons e − from the hydrogen H 2 are attracted to the electrons e − of the cathode 53, and thus move to the cathode 53 via the electrolyte membrane 51 in the MEA 5.

一方、ＭＥＡ５におけるカソード５３に供給された酸化剤ガス中の酸素Ｏ2は、このカソード５３の触媒作用により電子ｅ-を受け取って、酸素イオンＯ-となる。そしてこの酸素イオンＯ-が、アノード５２から電解質膜５１を介して移動して来た水素イオンＨ+と結びつくことによって水Ｈ2Ｏが生成されるのである。 On the other hand, oxygen O 2 in the oxidant gas supplied to the cathode 53 in the MEA 5 receives electrons e − due to the catalytic action of the cathode 53 and becomes oxygen ions O − . The oxygen ions O − are combined with hydrogen ions H + that have moved from the anode 52 through the electrolyte membrane 51, thereby generating water H 2 O.

このとき、図３に示すようにマニホールド孔１ａ，２ａと６ａ，７ａが互いに重合（連通）されることによって形成された流路と、ガス反応領域１０Ａにおける燃料ガス反応用溝６ｂや酸化剤ガス反応用溝７ｂとの間での燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスなどの流通は、ガス導入溝１ｂ又は２ｂを介して行われる。そしてガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂは、ＧＤＬ３，４の端部へ達するように延在されているため、燃料ガス反応用溝６ｂ及び酸化剤ガス反応用溝７ｂとの間での流通が円滑に行われる。   At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the flow path formed by superposing (communicating) the manifold holes 1a, 2a and 6a, 7a, the fuel gas reaction groove 6b and the oxidant gas in the gas reaction region 10A Distribution of fuel gas, oxidant gas, etc. between the reaction grooves 7b is performed via the gas introduction grooves 1b or 2b. Since the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b extend so as to reach the end portions of the GDLs 3 and 4, the flow between the fuel gas reaction groove 6b and the oxidant gas reaction groove 7b is smoothly performed. Is called.

そして上記構成によれば、ガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂはガスケット１，２に形成されたものであるため、金属又はカーボンからなるセパレータ６，７側にガス導入溝を加工する必要がない。しかもこのガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂは、ＧＤＬ３，４へゴム状弾性材料でガスケット１，２を一体成形する際に、成形用金型内で同時に形成されるので、コストを低減することができる。   And according to the said structure, since the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b are formed in the gaskets 1 and 2, it is not necessary to process a gas introduction groove in the separators 6 and 7 side which consists of metal or carbon. In addition, the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b are simultaneously formed in the molding die when the gaskets 1 and 2 are integrally molded with the GDLs 3 and 4 with a rubber-like elastic material, so that the cost can be reduced.

また、ガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂの設計変更の際には、セパレータ６，７の設計を変更する必要がなく、ガスケット１，２の設計変更で対応することができ、したがってこのような設計変更の際のコスト低減にも寄与することができる。   Further, when the design of the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b is changed, it is not necessary to change the design of the separators 6 and 7, and it can be dealt with by the design change of the gaskets 1 and 2. Therefore, such a design change is possible. Can also contribute to cost reduction.

次に図５は、本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第二の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図、図６は、図５のV−V線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図、図７は、第二の実施の形態の他の例を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に図５のV−V線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図である。   Next, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the fuel cell gasket according to the second embodiment of the present invention in a separated state when viewed from the stacking direction together with the MEA and the separator, and FIG. 6 is a position along the line VV in FIG. FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view in a separated state shown by cutting along the line V-V in FIG. 5 together with the MEA and the separator. FIG.

この第二の実施の形態において、上述した第一の実施の形態と異なるところは、ガスケット１，２が、ゴム状弾性材料からなるガスケット本体１１，２１と、このガスケット本体１１，２１に一体に設けられ、前記ゴム状弾性材料よりも剛性の高い材料、例えば合成樹脂又は金属等からなる補強板１２，２２からなることにある。補強板１２，２２の平面投影形状は、ガスケット本体１１，２１の平面投影形状と略相似となっている。その他の部分の構成は、基本的に第一の実施の形態と同様である。   The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment described above in that the gaskets 1 and 2 are integrally formed with the gasket bodies 11 and 21 made of a rubber-like elastic material and the gasket bodies 11 and 21, respectively. The reinforcing plate 12 is made of a material having higher rigidity than the rubber-like elastic material, for example, a synthetic resin or a metal. The planar projection shapes of the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 are substantially similar to the planar projection shapes of the gasket bodies 11 and 21. The configuration of other parts is basically the same as that of the first embodiment.

このうち図６に示す例は、補強板１２，２２の材質が、燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスに対する化学的安定性が不足するような場合に、補強板１２，２２をガスケット本体１１，２１に埋設状態で一体成形することによって、補強板１２，２２が燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスに接触しないようにしたものである。また、図７に示す例は、補強板１２，２２の材質が、燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスに対する化学的安定性に問題のない場合に、補強板１２，２２を半埋設状態、すなわちガスケット本体１１，２１から一部露出した埋設状態で一体成形したものである。なお、ＭＥＡ５の外周部は、ガスケット本体１１，２１の密接によって密封されるようになっている。   In the example shown in FIG. 6, the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 are embedded in the gasket bodies 11 and 21 when the material of the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 is insufficient in chemical stability against fuel gas or oxidant gas. By integrally molding in the state, the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 are prevented from coming into contact with the fuel gas or the oxidant gas. Further, in the example shown in FIG. 7, the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 are semi-embedded, that is, the gasket main body 11 when the material of the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 has no problem in chemical stability against the fuel gas or the oxidant gas. , 21 in a partly exposed embedded state. The outer peripheral portion of the MEA 5 is sealed by the close contact of the gasket bodies 11 and 21.

第二の実施の形態によれば、ガスケット本体１１，２１の全域に一体に設けられた補強板１２，２２によってガスケット１，２の機械的強度が補償され、すなわちガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂの形成によるガスケット１，２の強度低下が防止されるので、セル（スタック）の組立を容易にすることができる。   According to the second embodiment, the mechanical strength of the gaskets 1 and 2 is compensated by the reinforcing plates 12 and 22 integrally provided in the entire area of the gasket bodies 11 and 21, that is, the formation of the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b. As a result, the strength of the gaskets 1 and 2 can be prevented from being lowered, so that the assembly of the cell (stack) can be facilitated.

次に図８は、本発明に係る燃料電池用ガスケットの第三の実施の形態を、ＭＥＡ及びセパレータと共に積層方向から見た分離状態の平面図、図９は、図８のVIII−VIII線位置で切断して示す分離状態の部分断面図、図１０は、図８のVIII−VIII線位置で切断して示す積層状態の部分断面図である。   Next, FIG. 8 is a plan view of the fuel cell gasket according to the third embodiment of the present invention in a separated state when viewed from the stacking direction together with the MEA and the separator, and FIG. 9 is a position taken along line VIII-VIII in FIG. FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view in a separated state shown by cutting along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 8.

この第三の実施の形態は、ガスケット１，２が、ゴム状弾性材料からなるガスケット本体１１，２１と、このガスケット本体１１，２１におけるマニホールド孔１ａ，２ａとＧＤＬ３，４の間、すなわちガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂの形成領域に位置して一体に設けられた補強板１３，２３からなるものであって、補強板１３，２３は前記ゴム状弾性材料よりも剛性の高い材料、例えば燃料ガスや酸化剤ガスに対する化学的安定性に問題のない合成樹脂又は金属等からなり、ガスケット１，２のガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂが、補強板１３，２３に形成されている点にある。なお、ＭＥＡ５の外周部は、ガスケット本体１１，２１の密接によって密封されるようになっている。その他の構成は、基本的に第一の形態と同様である。   In this third embodiment, the gaskets 1 and 2 are made of a rubber-like elastic material, and the gasket main bodies 11 and 21 and between the manifold holes 1a and 2a and the GDLs 3 and 4 in the gasket main bodies 11 and 21, that is, gas introduction. The reinforcing plates 13 and 23 are integrally provided in the regions where the grooves 1b and 2b are formed. The reinforcing plates 13 and 23 are made of a material having higher rigidity than the rubber-like elastic material, for example, fuel gas, It is made of a synthetic resin or metal having no problem in chemical stability against the oxidant gas, and the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b of the gaskets 1 and 2 are formed in the reinforcing plates 13 and 23. The outer peripheral portion of the MEA 5 is sealed by the close contact of the gasket bodies 11 and 21. Other configurations are basically the same as those in the first embodiment.

この第三の実施の形態によれば、ガスケット１，２におけるガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂの形成部分の機械的強度が補償されるので、セル（スタック）の組立を容易にすることができるのに加え、図１０に示す積層状態でのガスケット本体１１，２１の圧縮によるガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂの流路断面の縮小が防止される。   According to the third embodiment, since the mechanical strength of the portions where the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b are formed in the gaskets 1 and 2 is compensated, the assembly of the cell (stack) can be facilitated. In addition, it is possible to prevent a reduction in the cross section of the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b due to compression of the gasket bodies 11 and 21 in the stacked state shown in FIG.

またガスケット１，２は、ガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂが予め補強板１３，２３に形成され、この補強板１３，２３にガスケット本体１１，２１が一体成形されることによって得られたものであるため、ガス導入溝１ｂ，２ｂの設計変更の際、この補強板１３，２３のみの設計変更で対応することができ、したがってこのような設計変更の際のコスト低減にも寄与することができる。   The gaskets 1 and 2 are obtained by forming the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b in the reinforcing plates 13 and 23 in advance and integrally molding the gasket bodies 11 and 21 on the reinforcing plates 13 and 23. When changing the design of the gas introduction grooves 1b and 2b, it is possible to cope with the design change of only the reinforcing plates 13 and 23. Therefore, it is possible to contribute to the cost reduction at the time of such design change.

１，２ ガスケット
１１，２１ ガスケット本体
１２，１３，２２，２３ 補強板
１ａ，２ａ，６ａ，７ａ マニホールド孔
１ｂ，２ｂ ガス導入溝
３，４ ＧＤＬ
５ ＭＥＡ
６，７ セパレータ
６ｂ 燃料ガス反応用溝
７ｂ 酸化剤ガス反応用溝
１０Ａ ガス反応領域 1, 2 Gasket 11, 21 Gasket body 12, 13, 22, 23 Reinforcing plate 1a, 2a, 6a, 7a Manifold hole 1b, 2b Gas introduction groove 3, 4 GDL
5 MEA
6, 7 Separator 6b Fuel gas reaction groove 7b Oxidant gas reaction groove 10A Gas reaction region

Claims (3)

セパレータとＭＥＡの間に介在されるＧＤＬの外周にゴム状弾性材料で一体に成形され、前記セパレータと密接されるガスケットにおいて、このガスケットの前記セパレータとの対向面に、このガスケットに開設されたマニホールド孔と前記ＭＥＡによるガス反応領域を互いに連通するように延びるガス導入溝が形成されたことを特徴とする燃料電池用ガスケット。   A gasket formed integrally with a rubber-like elastic material on the outer periphery of the GDL interposed between the separator and the MEA and in close contact with the separator. A fuel cell gasket characterized in that a gas introduction groove extending so as to communicate a hole and a gas reaction region by the MEA is formed. 補強板が一体に設けられたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池用ガスケット。   2. The fuel cell gasket according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing plate is provided integrally. ガス導入溝が補強板に形成されたことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の燃料電池用ガスケット。   The fuel cell gasket according to claim 2, wherein the gas introduction groove is formed in the reinforcing plate.
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