JP2013013388A

JP2013013388A - Method for radioactive decontamination of radiation-contaminated vegetable, or the like, and economically established method for producing biomass ethanol

Info

Publication number: JP2013013388A
Application number: JP2011162557A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Kotoha Nishimoto; 琴羽西本; Tetsuo Nishimoto; 徹郎西本; Naohiro Fujikawa; 直弘藤川; Kimitomo Sotozaki; 公知外崎; Koji Tokuda; 浩司徳田
Original assignee: CHIKYU KANKYO SOLUTION KENKYUSHO KK
Current assignee: CHIKYU KANKYO SOLUTION KENKYUSHO KK
Priority date: 2011-07-05
Filing date: 2011-07-05
Publication date: 2013-01-24

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus, method and process for producing biomass ethanol at a price comparable with market prices of gasoline from a radiation-contaminated vegetable as a raw material, without diffusing radioactive particulates in air and recovering radioactive substances from waste water by using vegetables contaminated with attached radioactive particulates or radiation-contaminated vegetables containing radioactive particulates absorbed by soil decontamination as raw materials for producing ethanol at a price comparable with market price of gasoline, using residual lignins as a valuable soil improver or a raw material for epoxy resin to further improve economic efficiency, and removing and recovering a large amount of radioactive substances from the radioactive vegetables at a low cost and solidifying with cement, glass, etc., to enable hauling of the radioactive wastes to a final disposal site without causing secondary pollution, wherein uncontaminated vegetables are also usable as the ethanol raw material in addition to the radiation-contaminated vegetables.SOLUTION: The method for producing bioethanol useful as a renewable energy source at a price comparable with market prices of gasoline includes liquefaction of the raw material with an apparatus for enzymatic conversion from solid-to-liquid, obtained by connecting a steam distillation device, a wet pulverizer, a nozzle pulverizer, an integrated saccharification device, a solid-liquid separator, etc., and a reverse osmosis membrane to remarkably reduce enzyme costs and shorten the saccharification time. It is arbitrary that the product is distilled to an ethanol concentration of 99.5% and used as an alternate fuel for gasoline or the distillation is stopped at an alcohol concentration of 50-60% and the obtained water emulsion fuel is used for generation and selling of electrical power. The economic efficiency is further improved by separating the lignin by a solid-liquid separation process, etc., drying the product, removing impurities and by including a process for producing a soil improver and an epoxy resin raw material.

Description

本発明は、植物、特に放射能汚染植物より、放射性微粒子を飛散させる事なく糖化液を製造、糖化液より放射性微粒子を回収後、糖化、発酵させエタノール製造方法に関するもの。また本発明は、リグニン類と呼ばれる残渣物発生を最小限とする製造に関するものである。The present invention relates to a method for producing ethanol by producing a saccharified solution from a plant, particularly a radioactively contaminated plant without scattering the radioactive fine particles, collecting the radioactive fine particles from the saccharified solution, saccharifying and fermenting. The present invention also relates to production that minimizes the generation of residue called lignins.

本発明は植物、福島原子力発電事故により広範囲放射能汚染された土壌の除洗で有効な植物に放射能を吸収させた植物の収穫後の処理法で、放射能汚染植物を水溶化させ、効率的に、放射能汚染植物から放射能を除去する方法が知られている。The present invention is a post-harvest treatment method in which a radioactive plant is absorbed by a plant that is effective in decontamination of a plant and soil that has been extensively contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. In particular, methods for removing radioactivity from radioactively contaminated plants are known.

福島原子力発電事故で放射性物質が微粒子として、大量に飛散。福島県のみならず、日本全国へ飛散し各地の土壌を放射能汚染している。風向きによって、周辺諸国に放射能被害を及ぼし、日本は国際的に非難される恐れがある。そこで農林水産省は福島県飯館村で放射能汚染土壌にひまわりを生育し、ひまわりに土壌の放射能を吸収させ土壌除洗させる。In the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, radioactive materials are scattered in large quantities as fine particles. It is scattered not only in Fukushima Prefecture but all over Japan and contaminates the soil in various places. The wind direction may cause radiation damage to neighboring countries, and Japan may be criticized internationally. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries grows sunflowers in the radioactively contaminated soil in Iidate Village, Fukushima Prefecture, and the sunflower absorbs the radioactivity of the soil and removes the soil.

ひまわり、菜種など植物栽培で、植物に土壌放射能を吸収させ、土壌除洗させる実験は米国の会社ｐｈｙｔｏｔｅｃｈ社がチェルノブイリ原発事故汚染地域で確立したのもである。An experiment in which plant plants such as sunflower and rapeseed are made to absorb the soil radioactivity and remove the soil was established by the US company phytotech in the Chernobyl accident-affected area.

ひまわり、菜の花など植物の種から油分を絞りバイオディーゼルを作る技術は日本のみならず世界で普及している。The technology of making biodiesel by extracting oil from plant seeds such as sunflower and rape blossoms is spreading not only in Japan but also in the world.

ひまわり、菜の花、あし、すすきなど草類、トーモロコシなど農作物、稲わら、もみがら農業廃棄物、木質まですべての植物を原料でエタノールを作る事は可能である。It is possible to produce ethanol from all plants, including sunflowers, rape blossoms, reeds and grasses, crops such as corn, rice straw, rice husk agricultural waste, and wood.

植物はセルロース、ヘミセルロース、リグニンで構成されている。セルロースを酵素でブドウ糖、糖化液と呼ばれる、液体にする。糖化液を酵母で発酵すると、アルコールが出来る。アルコールの、蒸留を繰り返すか、逆浸透膜でアルコール中の水分を除去すると、濃度９９．５％以上のエタノールが出来る。本技術は日本のみならず世界で確立し、量産化されている。Plants are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Cellulose is made into a liquid called glucose or saccharified liquid with enzymes. When the saccharified solution is fermented with yeast, alcohol is produced. When alcohol is repeatedly distilled or the water in the alcohol is removed with a reverse osmosis membrane, ethanol with a concentration of 99.5% or more can be produced. This technology has been established and mass-produced not only in Japan but around the world.

バイオマスには、泥、砂、カビ等微生物が付着し、樹種などで多少の含有量の違いはあるが、オイル、樹液を含有している。近年、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子の付着量が多くなっている。泥、砂、カビ等微生物、オイル、樹液、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子は酵素阻害原因である。Biomass adheres to microorganisms such as mud, sand, and mold, and contains oil and sap, although there are some differences in content depending on tree species. In recent years, the amount of particulate matter in diesel exhaust gas and factory smoke has increased. Microorganisms such as mud, sand, and mold, oil, sap, diesel exhaust, and fine particles in factory smoke are the causes of enzyme inhibition.

酵素阻害要因の泥、砂、カビ等微生物、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子、オイル、樹液を水蒸気蒸留で除去する技術が確立されている。抽出したオイル、樹液は１部ディーゼル排気ガス浄化装置、抗菌液になるが市場が小さく、大部分が廃棄物となっている。Technology has been established to remove enzyme-inhibiting factors such as mud, sand, and mold microorganisms, diesel exhaust, fine particles in factory smoke, oil, and sap by steam distillation. Extracted oil and sap become 1 part diesel exhaust gas purification device and antibacterial liquid, but the market is small and most are waste.

以下エタノール製造で阻害要因除去方法を述べる。水蒸気蒸留は、密閉した箱の中に洗浄物を入れ、水蒸気を洗浄物に通過させる方法。オイル、樹液、カビなど微生物、排気ガス微粒子の除去は期待出来るが、砂、泥等が固く、こびりついていると、洗浄は期待できない。また、洗浄物内部に到達しない欠点もある。放射性微粒子が付着しているので、放射性微粒子が水蒸気と一緒に大気解放され、従業員、周辺住民の健康を害する恐れや放射能汚染を拡大する危険性がある。In the following, the method for removing the inhibition factor in ethanol production is described. Steam distillation is a method in which a cleaning product is placed in a sealed box and water vapor is passed through the cleaning product. Removal of microorganisms such as oil, sap, and mold, and exhaust gas particulates can be expected, but if sand, mud, etc. are hard and stuck, cleaning cannot be expected. In addition, there is a drawback that the cleaning object does not reach the inside. Since radioactive fine particles are attached, radioactive fine particles are released into the atmosphere together with water vapor, and there is a risk of harming the health of employees and neighboring residents, and expanding the radioactive contamination.

超音波洗浄はメガネの洗浄から、プリント基板まで短時間で洗浄が可能であるが、洗浄物が１つ１つ分かれていないと洗浄には不向きである。洗浄物の放射能汚染植物は固まっているので、不向きである。更に超音波洗浄機は装置が高価で電力消費量が多い。経済性からも問題がある。Ultrasonic cleaning can be performed in a short time from the cleaning of glasses to a printed circuit board, but is not suitable for cleaning unless the objects to be cleaned are separated one by one. The radioactive contamination plant of the washing thing is hard and is not suitable. Furthermore, ultrasonic cleaning machines are expensive and consume a lot of power. There is also a problem from the economic aspect.

泥、砂を落とす装置に大根、ごぼう、さつまいも等農作物の洗浄機があるが、洗浄メカニズムがブラシを使用するので、洗浄物が破損し水中に分散する恐れがある。There is a washing machine for crops such as radish, burdock, sweet potato, etc. in the mud and sand dropping device, but the washing mechanism uses a brush, so the washing may be damaged and dispersed in water.

上記述べた通り植物のセルロースを酵素で糖化させる。前処理をする植物をナノサイズ、５０ミクロン以下の植物微粉末粉を乾式粉砕、湿式粉砕、物理的粉砕する方法、酸処理、アルカリ処理、アンモニア処理などで植物を液体にするか、セルロースを加水分解させる水熱処理、超臨界、亜臨界処理などがある。As described above, plant cellulose is saccharified with an enzyme. The plant to be pre-treated is made into a liquid by dry grinding, wet grinding, physical grinding, acid treatment, alkali treatment, ammonia treatment, etc. There are hydrothermal treatment, supercritical, subcritical treatment, etc.

酸処理、アルカリ処理、アンモニア処理などは、中和が難しく、現在はあまり使われていない。水熱処理、超臨界、亜臨界処理は投資、コストが高く、大量処理が出来ないので、現在は試験、研究段階である。Acid treatment, alkali treatment, ammonia treatment, and the like are difficult to neutralize and are not widely used at present. Hydrothermal treatment, supercritical processing, and subcritical processing are expensive and costly, and they cannot be processed in large quantities.

量産工場で採用、実稼働しているのが、乾式粉砕機、湿式粉砕機である。乾式粉砕機は粉塵が、乾式粉砕機より漏れ、大気解放され、粉塵を呼吸から吸う事で、従業員、周辺住民の健康を害する問題があり、湿式粉砕機は水を大量に使用する結果、廃液処理に投資、ランニングコストがかかる、エタノール収率が悪い問題がある。The dry pulverizer and wet pulverizer that are adopted and actually used in the mass production factory. The dry pulverizer leaks dust from the dry pulverizer, is released to the atmosphere, and sucks the dust from breathing.Therefore, there is a problem that harms the health of employees and local residents.The wet pulverizer uses a large amount of water. There are problems with investment in waste liquid treatment, high running costs, and poor ethanol yield.

上記、水蒸気処理をする場合、エタノール製造する場合のみならず、特に微粉末粉をバイオプラスチック増量剤製造時は必要である。In the case of the above steam treatment, not only when producing ethanol, but also fine powder is particularly necessary when producing a bioplastic extender.

放射能汚染植物を原料にエタノールを製造すると、糖化、発酵廃液は放射能汚染水になる。When ethanol is produced from radioactively contaminated plants, the saccharification and fermentation waste liquid becomes radioactively contaminated water.

植物を原料にエタノールを作ると、糖化、発酵工程で、リグニン類と呼ばれる残渣物が、原料重量の約４０〜５０％残渣物が出る。残渣物は有効利用できないので、産業廃棄物として廃棄されている。When ethanol is made from a plant as a raw material, a residue called lignin is produced in a saccharification and fermentation process, and a residue of about 40 to 50% of the weight of the raw material is obtained. Since the residue cannot be used effectively, it is discarded as industrial waste.

特許出願平１０−６３６９３Patent application 10-63693

特願２００６−２９０３７６Patent application 2006-290376

特願２０１１−１３８９１４Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-138914

発明が解決しようとしている課題Problems to be solved by the invention

津波により、水田、農地が塩害被害を受け、東京電力福島原子力発電所事故でヨウ素、セシウム、ストロンチュームなど放射性微粒子を大量に生成、空中に飛散、福島県のみならず、日本全国へ飛散し各地の土壌を放射能汚染させた。Due to the tsunami, paddy fields and farmland were damaged by salt damage, and a large amount of radioactive fine particles such as iodine, cesium, and strontium were generated in the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Nuclear Power Station. The soil was radioactively contaminated.

ひまわり、菜種など植物栽培で、植物に土壌放射能を吸収させ、土壌除洗させる実験は米国の会社ｐｈｙｔｏｔｅｃｈ社がチェルノブイリ原発事故汚染地域で確立させた。Experiments for plant cultivation, such as sunflower and rapeseed, in which the plant absorbs soil radioactivity and removes the soil, were established in the Chernobyl nuclear accident contaminated area by the US company phytotech.

ひまわり、菜種以外の植物で土壌除洗機能のある、植物選定、生育方法が開発されている。しかし、収穫後のひまわりなど放射能汚染植物の処理法が確立していない。Plants other than sunflower and rapeseed have a soil removal function and plant selection and growth methods have been developed. However, no treatment method for radioactively contaminated plants such as sunflower after harvest has been established.

収穫後の放射能汚染植物を放置すると危険であり、場所も必要。そのため減容が必須である。減容積の方法として、焼却、水溶液化が検討されている。It is dangerous to leave a radioactive contaminated plant after harvesting, and a place is also required. Therefore volume reduction is essential. Incineration and aqueous solution are being studied as methods for volume reduction.

焼却には、放射性微粒子浄化装置、放射性微粒子浄化機能付き空気清浄機、放射性微粒子付着煤煙除去装置、粉塵装置が必要である。Incineration requires a radioactive particulate purification device, an air cleaner with a radioactive particulate purification function, a radioactive particulate adhesion soot removal device, and a dust device.

ひまわりなど放射能汚染植物の処理法で、放射能汚染植物を水溶液として水溶液から放射性微粒子を除去するのが安全かつ効率的。水溶液にすると、副産物としてエタノールを得られる。It is safe and efficient to remove radioactive particulates from aqueous solution by treating radioactively contaminated plants such as sunflower with aqueous solution. In aqueous solution, ethanol can be obtained as a by-product.

植物を原料にエタノール製造する工程は、水蒸気蒸留装置等で酵素阻害要因の泥、砂、カビ等微生物、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子、オイル、樹液を水蒸気蒸留で除去、オイル樹液を抽出後、粉砕機で植物微粉末粉にして、糖化タンクに植物微粉末粉、酵素と水を入れ、温度を加え、攪拌して糖化液と言われる水溶液を作る。糖化液を発酵タンクに移し酵母で発酵、アルコールを作り、アルコールを蒸留、蒸留を繰り返すか、逆浸透膜でアルコール水分を除き、エタノールが出来る。The process of producing ethanol from plants is performed by removing the enzyme-inhibiting factors, such as mud, sand, and mold microorganisms, diesel exhaust gas, factory soot particulates, oil, and sap by steam distillation, and extracting the oil sap using a steam distillation device. Then, plant powder is made into fine powder with a pulverizer, and the powdered plant powder, enzyme and water are put into a saccharification tank, and the temperature is added and stirred to make an aqueous solution called saccharified solution. The saccharified solution is transferred to a fermentation tank, fermented with yeast, alcohol is produced, alcohol is distilled and distilled repeatedly, or alcohol water is removed with a reverse osmosis membrane to produce ethanol.

エタノール製造工程で使われる水蒸気蒸留装置、粉砕機、酵素タンク、発酵タンクに放射性微粒子除去装置が必要となる。しかし、既存の水蒸気蒸留装置、粉砕機、糖化、発酵タンクには放射性微粒子浄化機能及び放射性微粒子回収装置がない。A device for removing radioactive fine particles is required for the steam distillation apparatus, pulverizer, enzyme tank, and fermentation tank used in the ethanol production process. However, existing steam distillation apparatuses, pulverizers, saccharification and fermentation tanks do not have a radioactive particle purification function and a radioactive particle recovery apparatus.

放射性微粒子が漏れやすい装置、工程が水蒸気蒸留装置、粉砕工程。粉砕機はカッターミル、ボールミル、ロッドミルと呼ばれる、刃物で切断もしくは、鉄球等同士衝突させて粉砕する乾式粉砕、水中で石臼の原理ですり潰す湿式粉砕機。水蒸気蒸留装置は水蒸気排出で、乾式粉砕機は粉砕熱排出口から微粉末粉。湿式粉砕機は放射能汚染水が漏れる危険がある。A device that easily leaks radioactive particles, and a process is a steam distillation device and a pulverization process. The pulverizer is called a cutter mill, ball mill, or rod mill. It is a dry pulverizer that cuts with a knife or collides with iron balls, etc., and pulverizes with water. Steam distiller discharges water vapor, and dry pulverizer generates fine powder from the pulverization heat outlet. Wet pulverizers have a risk of leakage of radioactively contaminated water.

乾式粉砕は大量処理が出来、水の使用量が少なく、エタノール収率は高く、高付加価値バイオプラスチック原料が出来る、メリットはあるが、装置から微粉末粉、水蒸気が装置の機能上、洩れる欠点がある。特に放射能汚染植物を原料とする場合は、装置に防塵装置が必要である。Dry milling is capable of mass processing, uses less water, has a high ethanol yield, and can produce high-value-added bioplastic raw materials. There is. In particular, when a radioactively contaminated plant is used as a raw material, a dustproof device is required for the device.

湿式粉砕機は水中で粉砕するので、大量の水が必要。粉砕物が水で２〜３倍に膨張する。同じ容積のタンクに入れる場合、乾燥した粉砕物の１／２〜１／３しか入れられない。原料投入量が少ないのでエタノール製造量も比例して少ない。エタノール収率向上が必要である。Wet pulverizers pulverize in water, so a large amount of water is required. The pulverized product expands 2-3 times with water. When placed in a tank of the same volume, only 1/2 to 1/3 of the dried pulverized product can be placed. Since the amount of raw material input is small, the amount of ethanol production is proportionally small. It is necessary to improve the ethanol yield.

固体の植物微粉末粉から液体になるまでの時間はかかり、固体から液体にする酵素が高い。植物微粉末粉から酵素がブドウ糖と呼ばれる糖化液にする時間は約７２時間。上記述べた通り酵素が植物微粉末粉から液体になる時間４８〜５５時間。また植物微粉末粉から液体に変換させる酵素価格はＫｇ１５０００円程度。デキストリン液から、糖化液までの時間は１７〜２６時間、酵素価格はＫｇ１８００円程度の酵素で糖化液になる。It takes a long time for the solid plant powder to become liquid, and the enzyme that makes the solid to liquid is high. It takes about 72 hours for the enzyme to turn into saccharified liquid called glucose from plant fine powder. 48-55 hours when the enzyme is liquid from the plant fine powder as described above. Also, the enzyme price for converting plant powder to liquid is about Kg 15000 yen. The time from the dextrin solution to the saccharified solution is 17 to 26 hours, and the enzyme price becomes an saccharified solution with an enzyme having a Kg of about 1800 yen.

上記述べた通り、酵素は１種類を使うのではなく、３〜５種類の酵素をブレンドするか、糖化状態により適宜、最適な酵素を入れる。また植物によって酵素種類を変え糖化時間の短縮を行っている。As described above, one type of enzyme is not used, but 3 to 5 types of enzymes are blended, or an optimal enzyme is appropriately added depending on the saccharification state. Also, the saccharification time is shortened by changing the enzyme type depending on the plant.

糖化、発酵、蒸留でエタノールを作ると、リグニン類と呼ばれる残渣物が原料重量の３０〜５０％程度出る。残渣物は産業廃棄物として、大部分埋め立てられている。放射能汚染植物より除去した放射性物質の最終処分法を確定する必要がある。When ethanol is made by saccharification, fermentation, and distillation, a residue called lignin appears about 30-50% of the weight of the raw material. Residues are mostly reclaimed as industrial waste. It is necessary to establish a final disposal method for radioactive materials removed from radioactively contaminated plants.

放射性微粒子、重金属、塩などで土壌汚染した土壌は日本のみならず世界各地にある。土壌除洗には植物に吸収させ、土壌改良する取組がなされ、土壌除洗の結果は良好である。更に土壌除洗機能のある植物の選定、生育方法の研究開発がなされている。しかしながら放射性微粒子、重金属を吸収した植物の処理方法が確立していない。Soil contaminated with radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, salt, etc. is not only in Japan but around the world. In soil decontamination, efforts are made to absorb the soil and improve the soil, and the results of soil decontamination are good. In addition, the selection of plants with soil removal functions and research and development of growth methods are being conducted. However, the treatment method of the plant which absorbed radioactive fine particles and heavy metals has not been established.

処理方法で安全、安価、実績がある方法は植物を液体にして、液体より放射性微粒子、重金属などを取り出す方法が有利である。植物を液体にする方法は植物をエタノールにする方法がすでに実績がある。植物をエタノールにするには、植物を微粉末粉にして酵素で液体、糖化液にする事から始まる。しかしながら、植物の表面、植物内に放射性微粒子、重金属などを蓄えており、エタノール既存の装置を使用すると、放射性微粒子、重金属などを大気に放出し、使用水は放射能汚染水になり、放射能被害を起こす。またエタノール製造装置の収率は悪く、大量の廃液と残渣物を出す。A method that is safe, inexpensive, and proven as a treatment method is advantageous in that the plant is made into a liquid and radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. are extracted from the liquid. As a method of making a plant liquid, a method of making a plant ethanol is already proven. In order to make a plant into ethanol, it begins with making the plant into a fine powder and making it into a liquid or saccharified solution with an enzyme. However, radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. are stored on the surface of plants and in plants, and using existing ethanol equipment releases radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. to the atmosphere, and the water used becomes radioactive polluted water. Cause damage. Moreover, the yield of the ethanol production apparatus is poor, and a large amount of waste liquid and residue are produced.

そこで発明者らは放射性微粒子、重金属などが大気に放出させない装置。使用水が放射能汚染水を流失させない装置及び、放射能汚染水溶液から放射能回収装置並びに糖化時間短縮、酵素費用大幅削減、エタノール収率向上、放射性微粒子浄化装置、廃液再利用装置、残渣物を出さない装置及び方法を提供する事を目的とする。Therefore, the inventors have a device that does not release radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. to the atmosphere. Equipment that does not allow radioactive water to be washed away, radioactive recovery equipment from radioactively contaminated aqueous solution, shortening of saccharification time, significant reduction in enzyme costs, ethanol yield improvement, radioactive particulate purification equipment, waste liquid recycling equipment, residue The object is to provide an apparatus and method that does not take out.

課題を解決するための手段Means for solving the problem

本発明の放射能汚染植物を原料エタノール製造法は、植物表面に付着している放射性微粒子、根に付着している土中放射性微粒子、植物内部に溜めている放射性微粒子を水洗浄、ボイル洗浄、水蒸気蒸留洗浄で除洗する工程を有することを特徴とする。Radioactive contaminated plant of the present invention is a raw material ethanol production method, radioactive fine particles adhering to the plant surface, soil radioactive fine particles adhering to the root, radioactive fine particles accumulated in the plant, water washing, boil washing, It has the process of removing by steam distillation washing | cleaning, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

放射能汚染植物除洗で出る放射性微粒子付着土を回収、乾燥しセメント、ガラス等で固め、放射能廃棄物最終処分場に搬送する工程を有することを特徴とする。It is characterized by having a step of collecting radioactive fine particles adhering to the removal of radioactively contaminated plants, drying it, hardening it with cement, glass, etc., and transporting it to a radioactive waste final disposal site.

粉砕使用水で放射能汚染植物除洗する工程を有することを特徴とする。It is characterized by having a step of removing radioactively contaminated plants with pulverized water.

水洗浄、ボイル洗浄、水蒸気蒸留洗浄、粉砕使用水を回収、放射能汚染水になった廃水に放射能吸着物質シアン化鉄等を入れ、水中で放射能をシアン化鉄等に吸着させ放射能を回収、放射能回収後の放射能水を洗浄水として再利用する工程を有することを特徴とする。Water washing, boil washing, steam distillation washing, pulverized water is collected, radioactive adsorbent iron cyanide etc. is put into wastewater that has become radioactively contaminated water, and radioactivity is absorbed by iron cyanide etc. in water And the step of reusing the radioactive water after the radioactive collection as cleaning water.

放射性汚染水より回収した放射能廃棄物をセメント、ガラス等で固め、放射能廃棄物最終処分場に搬送する工程を有することを特徴とする。It is characterized by having a step of solidifying radioactive waste recovered from radioactive contaminated water with cement, glass, etc. and transporting it to a final disposal site for radioactive waste.

湿式粉砕機を用い、湿式粉砕機使用水で放射能汚染植物の放射性微粒子を使用水に移行させ、同時に植物の高分子を低分子化させ、セルロースと糖の間のデキストリン溶液にさせる工程を有することを特徴とする。Using a wet pulverizer, there is a step of transferring radioactive fine particles of radioactively contaminated plants to the used water with water using the wet pulverizer, and simultaneously reducing the molecular weight of the plant polymer to a dextrin solution between cellulose and sugar. It is characterized by that.

上記工程の終了は、残渣物を放射能測定し、放射能が残渣物より測定しないまで繰り返す工程を有することを特徴とする。The end of the above step is characterized in that the residue is measured for radioactivity and repeated until the radioactivity is not measured from the residue.

放射能検出しなくなった残渣物を焼却、埋め立て処理する工程を有することを特徴とする。It is characterized by having a step of incineration and landfill treatment of a residue that is no longer detected with radioactivity.

デキストリン溶液を、逆浸透膜などを使い、デキストリン溶液を濃縮する工程を有することを特徴とする。The dextrin solution is characterized by having a step of concentrating the dextrin solution using a reverse osmosis membrane or the like.

デキストリン溶液は逆浸透膜でデキストリン溶液の水が分離され、放射性微粒子は水と一緒に分離させる。従って分離した水は放射能汚染水となる。デキストリン溶液と放射能汚染水分離工程を有することを特徴とする。In the dextrin solution, water in the dextrin solution is separated by a reverse osmosis membrane, and radioactive fine particles are separated together with water. Therefore, the separated water becomes radioactively contaminated water. It has a dextrin solution and a radioactive contamination water separation process.

濃縮したデキストリン溶液の糖度を測定し、デキストリン溶液が、糖化液に変換する安価、糖化時間の早い酵素および、適正量を設定する工程を有することを特徴とする。The sugar content of the concentrated dextrin solution is measured, and the dextrin solution has a process of setting an appropriate amount and an inexpensive enzyme capable of being converted into a saccharified solution and having a fast saccharification time.

濃縮デキストリン溶液を酵素で糖化、糖化液製造、糖化液に酵母を入れ発酵、アルコールを作り、蒸留を繰り返すか、逆浸透膜などでアルコール水分を除去、エタノール製造工程を有することを特徴とする。The concentrated dextrin solution is saccharified with an enzyme, saccharified solution is produced, yeast is added to the saccharified solution, fermented, alcohol is produced, distillation is repeated, or alcohol water is removed with a reverse osmosis membrane or the like, and an ethanol production process is provided.

上記工程で排出される、洗浄、粉砕、糖化、発酵廃液、エタノール蒸留で排出される蒸留水に含まれる放射性微粒子を放射能吸着物質シアン化鉄等を入れ、水中で放射能をシアン化鉄等に吸着させ放射能を回収、放射能回収後の放射能水を洗浄水もしくは粉砕機使用水として再利用する工程を有することを特徴とする。Radioactive fine particles contained in distilled water discharged by washing, grinding, saccharification, fermentation waste liquid, and ethanol distillation discharged in the above process are filled with radioactive adsorbent iron cyanide, etc., and the radioactivity is iron cyanide etc. in water It is characterized in that it has a step of recovering the radioactivity by adsorbing to water and reusing the radioactive water after the radioactivity recovery as washing water or pulverizer water.

回収した放射能廃棄物をセメント、ガラス等で固め、放射能廃棄物最終処分場に搬送する工程を有することを特徴とする。The recovered radioactive waste is hardened with cement, glass or the like, and transported to a final radioactive waste disposal site.

本工程で放射性微粒子大気拡散を防ぐため、放射能除去機能付き空気清浄機もしくは、防塵装置を放射能汚染植物水洗浄室、粉砕装置、排出口および工場内に設置することを特徴とする。In order to prevent atmospheric dispersion of radioactive fine particles in this process, an air cleaner with a radioactivity removing function or a dustproof device is installed in the radioactively contaminated plant water cleaning room, the pulverizer, the discharge port, and the factory.

放射能浄化装置、空気清浄機フィルターとして使用する放射能微粒子凝集液は水蒸気蒸留で抽出される、オイル、樹液を使用する事を特徴とする。The radioactive fine particle agglomerated liquid used as a radioactive purification device and an air purifier filter is characterized by using oil and sap extracted by steam distillation.

以下本発明について詳細に説明する。なお、本発明においては、以下の記述に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲においては適宜変更可能である。The present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following description, and can be changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

本発明の植物、放射能汚染植物減容、並びに放射性微粒子除去、及びエタノール溶液製造法は、植物の表面や土に付着している、放射性微粒子を水洗浄、植物内部の放射性微粒子、オイル、樹液を抽出する水蒸気蒸留工程が行われる。The plant of the present invention, the radioactive contaminated plant volume reduction, and the removal of radioactive fine particles, and the ethanol solution production method, the radioactive fine particles adhering to the plant surface and soil, washing the radioactive fine particles with water, radioactive fine particles inside the plant, oil, sap A steam distillation step is performed to extract.

水洗浄は、金網容器の中に植物を入れた後、植物を入れた容器を、水槽に入れ植物を水洗浄を行う。In the water washing, after a plant is put in a wire mesh container, the container containing the plant is placed in a water tank and the plant is washed with water.

金網容器の金網の目の大きさは、水槽掃除をかんがみ、金網から植物が出来るだけ、水槽に出ない大きさにする。The size of the mesh of the wire mesh container is set so that plants can be removed from the mesh as much as possible from the wire mesh in consideration of water tank cleaning.

水槽の素材は、ステンレス、鉄、セメント、アクリルなど素材をきめるのは任意であるが投資効率、経済性を考慮すべきである。投資額は大きいが、内部が洗浄物から泥等が落ちていることを目視できる透明アクリルが好ましい。The material of the aquarium can be any material such as stainless steel, iron, cement or acrylic, but investment efficiency and economic efficiency should be considered. Although the amount of investment is large, transparent acrylic that can visually confirm that mud or the like has fallen from the washed object is preferable.

洗浄後の汚染水を水槽より、放射能除去装置タンクに、効率よく、安全に移行させる水槽例えば水槽の下にドレンを設置するのが好ましい。It is preferable to install a drain under a water tank, for example, a water tank, in which the contaminated water after washing is efficiently and safely transferred from the water tank to the radioactivity removal apparatus tank.

水槽は超音波振動装置、バブリング装置を取り付け、効率よく放射性微粒子、砂、泥等を洗浄する。放射性微粒子効率性を向上させるため、水槽の水温度は４０〜４５度が好ましい。沸騰した湯でボイルすると更に好ましい。The water tank is equipped with an ultrasonic vibration device and a bubbling device to efficiently clean radioactive particles, sand, mud, etc. In order to improve the efficiency of radioactive fine particles, the water temperature of the water tank is preferably 40 to 45 degrees. It is more preferable to boil with boiling water.

金網容器の金網の目の大きさは、水槽掃除をかんがみ、金網から植物片が出来るだけ、水槽に出ない大きさにする。沸騰した湯でボイルすると更に好ましい。The size of the wire mesh in the wire mesh container is set so that plant pieces can be removed from the wire mesh as much as possible, taking into account the water tank cleaning. It is more preferable to boil with boiling water.

汚染水を水槽より、放射能除去装置タンクに移行は、ホースを使う。ポンプを使用するとなお好ましい。水槽より、放射能除去装置タンクに移行ホースにフィルターを付け、泥、砂等をフィルターで除去し回収する。回収した泥、砂は、ガラス、セメントで固め最終処分場に持っていく工程が行われる。A hose is used to transfer the contaminated water from the tank to the radioactive removal tank. More preferably, a pump is used. From the water tank, attach a filter to the transition hose from the radioactive removal tank and remove mud and sand with a filter. The collected mud and sand are hardened with glass and cement and taken to the final disposal site.

水洗浄工程を経た植物を密閉した箱に入れ、水蒸気をかけ、酵素阻害要因であり、放射性微粒子が溶解しているオイル、樹液を抽出する。水蒸気温度は７０〜８０度であり、大気圧、減圧、高圧釜にするかは任意である。Plants that have undergone a water washing step are placed in a sealed box, and steam is applied to extract oil and sap, which are enzyme inhibition factors, in which radioactive fine particles are dissolved. The water vapor temperature is 70 to 80 degrees, and it is arbitrary whether to use atmospheric pressure, reduced pressure, or high pressure kettle.

放射能汚染植物の場合、回収した泥、オイル、樹液はガラス、セメントで固め最終処分場に持っていく工程が行われる。放射能汚染されていない植物のオイル、樹液は放射性微粒子、排気ガス凝集液原料にする工程が行われる。In the case of radioactively contaminated plants, the recovered mud, oil and sap are hardened with glass and cement and taken to the final disposal site. Plant oil and sap which are not radioactively contaminated are processed into radioactive fine particles and exhaust gas agglomerate raw material.

洗浄工程を経た植物は、荒粉砕機で３〜５Ｃｍ、３〜５ｍｍ、荒粉砕する。粉砕効率を上げるために、乾燥工程を加えるのは任意である。微粉末粉砕機で３〜５ｍｍから３０〜５０ミクロンまでに微粉末粉する。The plant which passed through the washing process is roughly pulverized by a coarse pulverizer for 3 to 5 Cm and 3 to 5 mm. In order to increase the grinding efficiency, it is optional to add a drying step. Fine powder from 3-5 mm to 30-50 microns with a fine powder grinder.

使用する粉砕方法は乾式粉砕、湿式粉砕、酸処理、アルカリ処理などがある。酸処理、アルカリ処理は廃液の処理に費用がかかり、放射性微粒子も入ると、廃液処理が非常に困難となる。Examples of the grinding method used include dry grinding, wet grinding, acid treatment, and alkali treatment. Acid treatment and alkali treatment are costly for waste liquid treatment, and if radioactive particles are included, waste liquid treatment becomes very difficult.

従って植物処理、特に放射能汚染植物で大量処理が求められる場合は、乾式粉砕もしくは湿式粉砕が好ましい。Accordingly, dry pulverization or wet pulverization is preferable when a large amount of treatment is required for plant treatment, particularly radioactively contaminated plants.

本発明は放射能植物減容が課題の１つ。減容にはエタノール収率が重要となる。これは植物重量１００の場合、エタノール収率が１０％では１０だが収率３０％だと３０になる。植物残存重量が９０か７０になる。当然、最終処分地の負担が大きくなる。One of the problems of the present invention is reducing the volume of radioactive plants. The ethanol yield is important for volume reduction. When the plant weight is 100, the ethanol yield is 10 when the yield is 10%, but 30 when the yield is 30%. The remaining plant weight is 90 or 70. Of course, the burden on the final disposal site will increase.

エタノール収率、減容からは、乾式粉砕が好ましいが、乾式粉砕は粉砕物の水分含有率が約２０％以下にする必要がある。上記述べた通り、水洗浄した後は水分含有量７０％以上ある。従って、乾燥しなければ、ならない。また、乾燥しているので、放射性微粒子が付着している微粉末粉が工場内外に飛散するので、飛散防止装置を設置しなければならない、デメリットがある。しかし、バイオプラスチック充填剤を製造する場合は乾式粉砕が好ましい。From the viewpoint of ethanol yield and volume reduction, dry pulverization is preferable, but dry pulverization requires that the water content of the pulverized product be about 20% or less. As described above, the water content after washing with water is 70% or more. Therefore, it must be dried. Moreover, since it is dry, the fine powder powder to which radioactive fine particles are attached scatters inside and outside the factory, so there is a demerit that a scattering prevention device must be installed. However, dry pulverization is preferred when producing bioplastic fillers.

乾式粉砕の場合、水分量１８〜２０％程度に乾燥室で乾燥させる。乾燥させる理由は、水分含有量２０％以上では粉砕効率が悪い。粉砕効率向上のため。しかし、１５％程度になると粉砕機より放射能含有水が植物から飛び散り、作業員が放射能被曝する危険がある。放射能汚染水飛散に十分する事が好ましい。In the case of dry pulverization, it is dried in a drying room to a moisture content of about 18 to 20%. The reason for drying is that the pulverization efficiency is poor when the water content is 20% or more. To improve grinding efficiency. However, when it reaches about 15%, there is a risk that the radioactive water is scattered from the plant by the pulverizer and the worker is exposed to the radioactivity. It is preferable that it is sufficient for scattering of radioactively contaminated water.

乾燥熱源はガス、石油、バイオマスで作った電気、水蒸気であることを、問わない。It does not matter whether the drying heat source is electricity, steam made from gas, petroleum, or biomass.

乾燥させた放射能汚染植物は約１５〜２０％水分がある。粉砕で植物の水分が水蒸気となることで水分含有量が約８％程度となる。これは粉砕熱で植物の水分が水蒸気となり大気に出る事である。水分は放射性物質が含まれているので、粉砕機を密閉した部屋で粉砕する。密閉した部屋で粉砕すると、粉塵爆発の危険があるので、部屋の温度約２５度、湿度約２０％で管理する。Dried radioactively contaminated plants are about 15-20% moisture. The water content of the plant becomes about 8% because the water of the plant becomes water vapor by pulverization. This is due to the heat of crushing and the moisture of the plant becoming water vapor and going out to the atmosphere. Since moisture contains radioactive substances, it is pulverized in a closed room. If pulverized in a closed room, there is a risk of dust explosion, so the room temperature is controlled at about 25 degrees and humidity is about 20%.

粉砕で植物の水分が水蒸気となり外気に出る。また粉砕機より微粉末粉も出る。水蒸気、微粉末粉ともに放射性微粒子が付着しているので、放射性物質微粒子除去フィルターで放射性物質微粒子を除去して外気に出す。By crushing, the moisture of the plant becomes steam and goes out to the open air. Fine powder is also produced from the grinder. Since radioactive fine particles are attached to both water vapor and fine powder, the radioactive fine particles are removed with a radioactive fine particle removing filter and discharged to the outside air.

乾式粉砕は植物減容、エタノール製造もしくはバイオプラスチック原料製造ではメリットがあるが、粉砕設備、乾燥装置投資額が大きく、電力消費量は多く、放射性物質微粒子飛散防止が難しいデメリットがある。Dry pulverization has advantages in plant volume reduction, ethanol production, or bioplastic raw material production, but has the disadvantages of large investment in pulverization equipment and drying equipment, high power consumption, and difficulty in preventing radioactive particles from scattering.

湿式粉砕は水中で石臼の方式で粉砕物をすりつぶす方式。水洗浄後、乾燥する事無く、湿式粉砕機に粉砕物を投入出来る、放射性微粒子が飛散しにくいメリットはあるが、粉砕物が水を含み膨張するので、同じ容積のタンクに入れる場合、乾式粉砕微粉末粉の約３０％〜５０％程度しか、はいらない。これは、エタノール収率が極端に悪くなり、減容率が少なくなる事を意味する。Wet pulverization is a method in which the pulverized material is ground using a stone mortar method in water. After washing with water, the pulverized product can be put into a wet pulverizer without drying, and there is an advantage that radioactive fine particles are difficult to scatter, but since the pulverized product expands with water, it is dry pulverized when placed in the same volume tank. Only about 30% to 50% of the fine powder is required. This means that the ethanol yield becomes extremely poor and the volume reduction rate is reduced.

湿式粉砕機は、装置価格は乾式粉砕機に比較して安価で、電力消費量は少なく、放射性物質微粒子飛散しにくいメリットはあるが、水を大量に使い、エタノール収率は乾式粉砕機と比較して約４０〜６０％悪い。The wet pulverizer is less expensive than the dry pulverizer, has low power consumption, and has the merit of being difficult to disperse radioactive fine particles, but uses a large amount of water, and the ethanol yield is comparable to that of the dry pulverizer. And about 40-60% worse.

水が大量に必要なのは、水の中で石臼を動かし、粉砕物をすりつぶし、微粉末粉ではなくペースト状にする。従って、植物粉が膨張し上記述べた通り、エタノール収率が悪くなる。A large amount of water is needed by moving the millstone in the water and grinding the crushed material into a paste instead of a fine powder. Therefore, the plant powder expands and the ethanol yield is deteriorated as described above.

湿式粉砕は水の中で粉砕物を石臼の原理ですりつぶし、粉砕物をナノサイズに粉砕するメカニズム。水の中で粉砕物をすりつぶすので、大量に水を必要とする。大量に水を使えば、大量の廃水が出る。従って廃液処理装置、処理費用が必要となる。Wet pulverization is a mechanism in which the pulverized material is ground in water using the principle of a stone mortar, and the pulverized material is pulverized to a nano size. Since the pulverized material is ground in water, a large amount of water is required. If a large amount of water is used, a large amount of wastewater is produced. Therefore, a waste liquid processing apparatus and processing costs are required.

出来たナノサイズの植物粉末粉は水分を含んでいるので、ペースト状になる。そのため容積が大きくなり、エタノール製造タンクに入る原料が水分量だけ少ない、エタノール原料になる量が少ないのでエタノール収率が悪くなる。The resulting nano-sized plant powder contains water and becomes a paste. Therefore, the volume is increased, and the amount of raw material entering the ethanol production tank is small by the amount of water, and the amount of ethanol raw material is small, so the ethanol yield is deteriorated.

湿式粉砕が大量に使用するデメリットに着目し、放射能汚染植物は放射性微粒子を根や茎に蓄えている。酵素水の中で、もしくは酵素水を噴霧しながら、放射能汚染植物をすりつぶせば、放射性微粒子は自動的に酵素水に移行する。Focusing on the disadvantages of wet milling in large quantities, radioactively contaminated plants store radioactive particles in their roots and stems. If the radioactively contaminated plant is ground in the enzyme water or while spraying the enzyme water, the radioactive fine particles are automatically transferred to the enzyme water.

例えて言うなら、洗濯は洗濯機に水と衣服を入れ、回転させると、衣服に付着している汚れは水に移行する。同じようにセシウムなど放射性微粒子を汚れと例えると、放射性微粒子は水になじみやすく、移行しやすい性質がある。従って、洗濯機と構造が似ている湿式粉砕機が好ましい。For example, when washing is performed, water and clothes are put into the washing machine and rotated, and the dirt adhering to the clothes is transferred to the water. Similarly, if radioactive fine particles such as cesium are compared with dirt, the radioactive fine particles are easily compatible with water and have a property of being easily transferred. Therefore, a wet pulverizer having a structure similar to that of a washing machine is preferable.

現在は湿式粉砕機で出来た植物粉末ペーストを原料として、経済的理由でそのまま、糖化タンクに入れてエタノール製造を始めるが、植物粉末ペーストには、放射性微粒子が多く残っている。植物粉末ペーストを固液分離装置で、植物粉末と水分を分離する。水分はブドウ糖濃度の薄い糖化液である。分離した薄い濃度糖化液と同量の水を植物粉末に加え湿式粉砕機でペースト状からセシウムなど放射能を検出しないまで、粉砕を繰り返す。At present, plant powder paste made with a wet pulverizer is used as a raw material, and it is put into a saccharification tank as it is for economic reasons to start ethanol production. However, a lot of radioactive fine particles remain in the plant powder paste. Plant powder paste is separated from plant powder and moisture with a solid-liquid separator. Water is a saccharified solution having a low glucose concentration. Add the same amount of water as the thinly-concentrated saccharified solution to the plant powder, and repeat the pulverization until the wet pulverizer does not detect radioactivity such as cesium from the paste.

粉砕を繰り返す事で放射能汚染植物の放射性微粒子は上記述べた通り、粉砕で使用する水に移行するので、放射能汚染植物からは、放射性物質は検出されなくなる。従って焼却が可能になり、減容となる。当然、焼却灰からも放射能は検出されない。By repeating the pulverization, the radioactive fine particles of the radioactively contaminated plant are transferred to the water used for the pulverization as described above, so that no radioactive substance is detected from the radioactively contaminated plant. Therefore, incineration is possible and the volume is reduced. Of course, no radioactivity is detected from the incinerated ash.

植物粉末ペーストから分離したデキストリン濃度の薄いデキストリン液を集め、逆浸透膜もしくは超音波を使い、デキストリン液から水を分離、高濃度のデキストリン液とする。高濃度デキストリンに酵素を投入して糖化液を作り、糖化液に酵母投入、発酵、蒸留、蒸留を繰り返す事、もしくは逆浸透膜を使い、９９．５％以上のエタノールを作る。A dextrin solution having a low dextrin concentration separated from the plant powder paste is collected, and water is separated from the dextrin solution using a reverse osmosis membrane or ultrasonic waves to obtain a high-dextrin solution. Enzyme is added to high concentration dextrin to make saccharified solution, yeast is added to saccharified solution, fermentation, distillation, distillation is repeated, or reverse osmosis membrane is used to make 99.5% or more ethanol.

高濃度デキストリン液にする事により、エタノール収率は飛躍的に向上、酵素量、酵素費用大幅削減、糖化時間大幅短縮。本発明は湿式粉砕のエタノール収率が悪い問題を解決。従ってエタノール経済的価格で生産する、新たな製法である。By making it a high concentration dextrin solution, the ethanol yield is dramatically improved, the amount of enzyme, the enzyme cost is greatly reduced, and the saccharification time is greatly shortened. The present invention solves the problem of poor wet ethanol yield. Therefore, it is a new production method that produces ethanol at an economical price.

エタノール製造後の糖化・発酵廃液は放射能汚染水。放射性物質を吸着する化学物質を放射能汚染水に入れ、化学物質に放射能を吸着させた後、吸着物質を回収することで、放射能汚染水を、湿式粉砕機再利用可能な水とする。Saccharification / fermentation waste liquid after ethanol production is radioactively contaminated water. A chemical substance that adsorbs radioactive substances is put into radioactively contaminated water, and after the radioactive substance is adsorbed to the chemical substance, the adsorbed substance is recovered, so that the radioactively contaminated water becomes water that can be reused by a wet mill. .

上記述べた通り、前処理で乾式粉砕、湿式粉砕が優れているが、長所、短所がある。粉砕物により粉砕前の粉砕物処理を行えば経済的価格でエタノールが製造出来る。As described above, dry pulverization and wet pulverization are excellent in the pretreatment, but there are advantages and disadvantages. Ethanol can be produced at an economical price by processing the pulverized product before pulverization with the pulverized product.

本発明の金網容器図Wire mesh container of the present invention 同水槽図、The water tank diagram, 同水槽の中に金網容器を入れた図Figure with wire mesh container in the water tank 同洗浄後水槽から汚染水を抜く時、使用するフィルター図Filter diagram to use when draining contaminated water from the water tank after washing 同水槽から汚染水汚染物浄化装置に移した図Figure moved from the tank to the contaminated water purification equipment 従来水蒸気蒸留装置図Conventional steam distillation equipment 本発明粉砕でデキストリン溶液製造工程図Manufacturing process diagram of dextrin solution by grinding according to the present invention 本発明デキストリン溶液、糖化、発酵、蒸留、エタノール製造工程図Invention dextrin solution, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, ethanol production process diagram 従来、放射能汚染水より放射能回収装置図Conventionally, radioactivity recovery equipment from radioactivity contaminated water 従来、噴霧式空気清浄機Conventional spray type air purifier 従来、簡易空気清浄機Conventional simple air purifier

１０金網容器
１１水槽
１２水槽ドレン
１３ドレン装着フィルター
１４放射能汚染浄化容器
１５水蒸気装置本体
１６冷却機
１７水蒸気入口DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Wire mesh container 11 Water tank 12 Water tank drain 13 Drain mounted filter 14 Radioactive contamination purification container 15 Steam apparatus main body 16 Cooler 17 Steam inlet

本発明は、植物、特に放射能汚染植物より、付着した放射性微粒子を飛散させる事なく洗浄、放射能汚染水より、放射性微粒子回収工程、装置を有し、糖化液を製造、糖化液より放射性微粒子を回収する工程を有し、新たな粉砕で個体のセルロースを液体にする事で、エタノール製造プロセスで大きく影響を及ぼす、粉砕工程と糖化工程のコストパフォーマンスを向上させ、経済合理的価格でエタノール製造方法に関するもの。また本発明は、従来残渣物であったリグニンを土壌改良材、エポキシ樹脂原料にするものである。The present invention has a process for cleaning radioactive radioactive particles from radioactively contaminated water, manufacturing the saccharified solution, and producing the saccharified liquid from the saccharified liquid. The process of recovering solids and making solid cellulose into a liquid by new grinding improves the cost performance of the grinding process and saccharification process, which greatly affects the ethanol production process, and produces ethanol at an economically reasonable price Things about the method. Moreover, this invention uses the lignin which was a residue conventionally as a soil improvement material and an epoxy resin raw material.

福島原子力発電事故で放射性物質が微粒子として、大量に飛散。福島県のみならず、日本全国へ飛散し各地の土壌が放射能汚染している。風向きによって、周辺諸国に放射能被害を及ぼし、日本は国際的に非難される恐れがある。そこで農林水産省は福島県飯館村で放射能汚染土壌にひまわりなど植物を生育し、ひまわりに土壌の放射能を吸収させ土壌除洗させる取り組みがなされている。In the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, radioactive materials are scattered in large quantities as fine particles. Not only in Fukushima Prefecture, but also throughout Japan, the soil in each region is radioactively contaminated. The wind direction may cause radiation damage to neighboring countries, and Japan may be criticized internationally. Therefore, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is making efforts to grow sunflowers and other plants on radioactively contaminated soil in Iidate Village, Fukushima Prefecture, and to absorb the soil's radioactivity into the sunflower so that it can be washed.

ひまわり、菜の花など植物の種から油分を絞りバイオディーゼルを作る技術は日本のみならず世界で普及しているThe technology to make biodiesel by squeezing oil from plant seeds such as sunflower and rape blossoms is spreading not only in Japan but also in the world

日本では津波により、水田、農地が塩害被害を受け、東京電力福島原子力発電所事故でヨウ素、セシウム、ストロンチュームなど放射性微粒子を大量に生成、空中に飛散、福島県のみならず、日本全国へ飛散し各地の土壌を放射能汚染させた。土壌の塩、放射能を、ひまわり、菜種など植物栽培で、植物に土壌放射能を吸収させ、土壌除洗させる試験が始まっている。ひまわり、菜種以外の植物で土壌除洗機能のある、植物選定、生育方法が開発されているが、収穫後のひまわりなど放射能を吸収した放射能汚染植物の処理法が確立していない。In Japan, paddy fields and farmland were damaged by the tsunami, and a large amount of radioactive fine particles such as iodine, cesium, and strontium were generated in the accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Fukushima nuclear power plant and scattered in the air. The soil in each area was radioactively contaminated. Experiments have been undertaken to remove soil from soil and radioactivity by cultivating plants such as sunflower and rapeseed. Plants other than sunflowers and rapeseed have been selected for plant growth and growth methods with soil decontamination function, but no treatment method for radioactively contaminated plants such as sunflowers after harvesting has been established.

収穫後の放射能汚染植物などを放置すると危険であり、保管場所も必要。そのため減容が必須である。減容積の方法として、焼却もしくはエタノール製造が検討されている。焼却は焼却炉が必要で、焼却炉建設には住民反対や焼却灰の処理、放射性微粒子浄化装置、放射性微粒子浄化機能付き空気清浄機、放射性微粒子付着煤煙除去装置、粉塵装置などが必要であり焼却炉建設は困難である。It is dangerous to leave radioactive contaminated plants after harvesting, and a storage space is also required. Therefore volume reduction is essential. Incineration or ethanol production is being studied as a method for volume reduction. Incineration requires an incinerator. Incinerator construction requires inhabitants' opposition, treatment of incineration ash, radioactive particulate purification device, air cleaner with radioactive particulate purification function, radioactive particulate adhering smoke removal device, dust device, etc. Furnace construction is difficult.

エタノール製造は、ひまわり、菜の花、あし、すすきなど草類、トーモロコシなど農作物、稲わら、もみがら農業廃棄物、間伐材、剪定材など木質系、竹、建築廃材、木製品、紙、繊維までセルロースを含有するすべての物を原料にエタノールを作る事は可能でありエタノール製造プロセスで放射能を除去する事が可能である。バイオマスエタノールと言う再生可能エネルギーが得られ、地球温暖化防止また現在のバイオマスエタノールは、ブラジル、アメリカでサトウキビ、トーモロコシなどを原料に生産されている。しかしながらサトウキビ、トーモロコシとも食料由来。エタノール生産する事で食料、飼料価格を上昇させ、食料価格上昇は飢餓で苦しむ多くの人々を更に苦しめる結果となり、社会的な問題となっている。非食料のひまわりなどセルロース系資源を原料にバイオマスエタノールを生産すると、放射能汚染瓦礫処理、バイオエタノール生産で、放射能除染のみならず東北復興、雇用増大、エネルギー問題、地球温暖化防止、食料問題解決と東北地方のみならず日本や世界の問題解決と社会的意義は大きいが課題は化石燃料由来ガソリン価格と同等価格で生産出来るかである。Ethanol production includes cellulose, including sunflowers, rape blossoms, grasses such as ashi and sukisaki, crops such as corn, rice straw, rice husk agricultural waste, thinned wood, pruned wood, bamboo, building waste, wood products, paper, and fibers. It is possible to make ethanol from all contained materials as raw materials, and it is possible to remove radioactivity in the ethanol production process. Renewable energy called biomass ethanol is obtained, preventing global warming and the current biomass ethanol is produced from sugarcane, corn, etc. in Brazil and the United States. However, both sugar cane and corn are derived from food. The production of ethanol raises food and feed prices, and the rise in food prices has become a social problem as a result of many more suffering from hunger. When biomass ethanol is produced using cellulosic resources such as non-food sunflowers, radioactive debris treatment and bioethanol production are not only radioactive decontamination but also reconstruction of Tohoku, increased employment, energy issues, prevention of global warming, food Problem solving and problem solving and social significance not only in the Tohoku region but also in Japan and the world are great, but the issue is whether they can be produced at the same price as fossil fuel-derived gasoline prices.

サトウキビを絞ると糖液が出る。糖液に酵母を入れるとアルコールになる。糖化工程投資、酵素が不要で１番エタノール生産時間が短く、生産にかかるコストが少ない。トーモロコシを絞るとブドウ糖液が出る。ブドウ糖液に酵素で糖液に変換させ、糖液に酵母を入れてアルコールを作る。糖化工程投資、酵素は必要だが、安価な酵素で糖化出来る。サトウキビ、トーモロコシ原料でバイオエタノール生産は経済合理的価格で生産出来るが、非食料である、間伐材など木質系、竹、草、稲わら、モミガラ、トーモロコシ中芯、茎など農業廃棄物、廃建材などを原料にバイオエタノール生産するには植物はセルロース、ヘミセルロース、リグニンで構成されている。植物を酵素が活動出来る５０ミクロン以下に微粉末化し、セルロースを酵素でブドウ糖、糖化液と呼ばれる、液体にする。糖化液を酵母で発酵すると、アルコールが出来る。アルコールの、蒸留を繰り返すか、逆浸透膜でアルコール中の水分を除去すると、濃度９９．５％以上のエタノールが出来る。ガソリン代替バイオエタノールが出来る。本技術は日本のみならず世界で確立し、量産化されている。しかし、経済性確立したエタノール生成法は開発されていない。Squeezing sugar cane produces sugar solution. When yeast is added to the sugar solution, it becomes alcohol. No saccharification process investment, no enzymes required, the shortest ethanol production time, and low production costs. Glucose solution comes out when you squeeze the corn. The glucose solution is converted into a sugar solution with an enzyme, and yeast is added to the sugar solution to make alcohol. Saccharification process investment, enzyme is required, but can be saccharified with inexpensive enzyme. Bioethanol production with sugarcane and corn raw materials can be produced at an economically reasonable price, but it is non-food, woody such as thinned wood, bamboo, grass, rice straw, rice straw, corn core, stems and other agricultural waste, waste building materials To produce bioethanol from raw materials, plants are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The plant is pulverized to 50 microns or less where the enzyme can act, and the cellulose is made into a liquid called glucose or saccharified solution with the enzyme. When the saccharified solution is fermented with yeast, alcohol is produced. When alcohol is repeatedly distilled or the water in the alcohol is removed with a reverse osmosis membrane, ethanol with a concentration of 99.5% or more can be produced. Gasoline alternative bioethanol can be produced. This technology has been established and mass-produced not only in Japan but around the world. However, an economical ethanol production method has not been developed.

上記述べた通り植物のセルロースを酵素でブドウ糖に変換させる。変換させるために、植物を、酵素が活動しやすいナノサイズ、５０ミクロン以下まで微粉末にする必要がある。微粉末にする方法は物理的粉砕である、乾式粉砕、湿式粉砕、超臨界、亜臨界処理する物理的方法、酸処理、アルカリ処理、アンモニア処理などで植物を液体に化学的方法、その他セルロースを加水分解させる水熱処理がある。As mentioned above, plant cellulose is converted to glucose by enzymes. In order to convert, plants need to be micronized to nano-sized, 50 microns or less, where enzymes are active. The method of making fine powder is physical pulverization, dry pulverization, wet pulverization, supercritical, subcritical treatment physical method, acid treatment, alkali treatment, ammonia treatment, etc., plant to liquid chemical method, other cellulose There is hydrothermal treatment to hydrolyze.

酵素が活動しやすい形状にするための方法として酸処理、アルカリ処理、アンモニア処理など化学的方法は、廃液処理コストがかかり、環境負荷も大きいので現在はあまり使われていない。水熱処理、超臨界、亜臨界処理は投資、ランニングコストが高く、大量処理が出来ないので、現在は試験、研究段階である。以下、セルロース系資源由来エタノール製造の課題を述べる。Chemical methods, such as acid treatment, alkali treatment, and ammonia treatment, are not used at present because they are costly for waste liquid treatment and have a large environmental impact. Hydrothermal processing, supercritical processing, and subcritical processing are expensive in investment and running, and cannot be processed in large quantities. Hereinafter, the subject of cellulose-based ethanol production will be described.

化学的、物理的処理法の検討がなされているのは、処理法、つまり粉砕法設定で、設備投資額、酵素コスト、電気消費量、環境負荷量、エタノール収率、残渣物発生量が決まる。その結果経済合理的価格でエタノール生産が出来るかが決まる。Chemical and physical treatment methods are being studied. The treatment method, that is, the pulverization method setting, determines the amount of capital investment, enzyme cost, electricity consumption, environmental load, ethanol yield, and amount of residue generated. . As a result, it is determined whether ethanol can be produced at an economically reasonable price.

上記、述べた化学的、物理的処理法の内、量産工場で多く採用され、実稼働しているのが乾式粉砕、湿式粉砕であるが、乾式粉砕は設備投資が大きく、粉砕電気消費量が多く、酵素コストも高い。湿式粉砕の設備投資は乾式に比較して少なく、粉砕電気消費量も少ないが、酵素コストは同じように高い。湿式粉砕は水の中で粉砕するので、原料が膨張し原料固形分が５％しかない。このまま糖化工程で使用するには濃度が低い。つまりエタノール収率が悪いので遠心分離機で固形分２０％程度にする。湿式粉砕は水使用量が多いので廃液が大量に出る。廃液処理コストがかかる。Of the chemical and physical treatment methods mentioned above, dry pulverization and wet pulverization are widely used in mass production factories and are actually in operation. Many enzyme costs are high. The capital investment for wet pulverization is small compared to the dry type, and the consumption of electricity for pulverization is low, but the enzyme cost is equally high. Since wet pulverization is performed in water, the raw material expands and the solid content of the raw material is only 5%. The concentration is low for use in the saccharification process as it is. In other words, since the ethanol yield is poor, the solid content is adjusted to about 20% with a centrifuge. Since wet pulverization uses a large amount of water, a large amount of waste liquid is produced. Waste liquid treatment cost is required.

エタノール収率が悪い原因の１つに、バイオマスには、泥、砂、カビ等微生物が付着し、樹種などで多少の含有量の違いはあるが、オイル、樹液を含有している。近年、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子の付着量が多くなっている。泥、砂、カビ等微生物、オイル、樹液、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子は酵素阻害原因である。酵素阻害要因の泥、砂、カビ等微生物、ディーゼル排気ガス、工場煤煙中微粒子、オイル、樹液を水蒸気蒸留で除去する技術が確立されている。抽出したオイル、樹液は１部ディーゼル排気ガス浄化装置、抗菌液になるが市場が小さく、大部分が廃棄物となっている。更に２０１１年３月１１日東北地方で大地震、津波が起こり、福島原子力発電所が大きな被害を受けた。原子炉より放射性微粒子が生成し周辺の森林、樹木、建築物、家屋、土壌などに放射性微粒子が落下。森林、樹木などが放射能汚染した。放射性微粒子もエタノール生成で阻害要因となる。One of the causes of poor ethanol yield is that microorganisms such as mud, sand, and mold adhere to the biomass and contain oil and sap, although there are some differences in content depending on the tree species. In recent years, the amount of particulate matter in diesel exhaust gas and factory smoke has increased. Microorganisms such as mud, sand, and mold, oil, sap, diesel exhaust, and fine particles in factory smoke are the causes of enzyme inhibition. Technology has been established to remove enzyme-inhibiting factors such as mud, sand, and mold microorganisms, diesel exhaust, fine particles in factory smoke, oil, and sap by steam distillation. Extracted oil and sap become 1 part diesel exhaust gas purification device and antibacterial liquid, but the market is small and most are waste. Furthermore, on March 11, 2011, a large earthquake and tsunami occurred in the Tohoku region, and the Fukushima nuclear power plant was severely damaged. Radioactive particles are generated from the nuclear reactor and fall into surrounding forests, trees, buildings, houses, soil, etc. Forests and trees were radioactively contaminated. Radioactive fine particles are also an obstacle to ethanol production.

量産工場で採用、実稼働しているのが、乾式粉砕機、湿式粉砕機である。乾式粉砕機は粉塵が、粉砕機より漏れ、大気解放され、粉塵を呼吸から吸う事で、従業員、周辺住民の健康を害する問題があり、湿式粉砕機は水を大量に使用する結果、廃液処理に投資、ランニングコストがかかる、エタノール収率が悪い問題がある。The dry pulverizer and wet pulverizer that are adopted and actually used in the mass production factory. The dry pulverizer has a problem that dust is leaked from the pulverizer, released to the atmosphere, and sucks the dust from breathing, which may harm the health of employees and the surrounding residents. There are problems of investment in processing, running cost, and poor ethanol yield.

放射能汚染植物を原料にエタノールを製造すると、洗浄水、糖化、発酵廃液は放射能汚染水になるが、水溶液からの放射性微粒子を回収し、再生水などにする事はコストもかからず容易である。When ethanol is produced from radioactively contaminated plants, washing water, saccharification, and fermentation wastewater become radioactively contaminated water, but it is easy to recover radioactive particulates from aqueous solution and use it as reclaimed water without any cost. is there.

ひまわりなど放射能汚染植物の処理法で、放射能汚染植物を水溶液として水溶液から放射性微粒子を除去するのが安全かつ効率的。水溶液にすると、副産物としてエタノールを得られる。しかしリグニン類と呼ばれる残渣物が、原料重量の約４０〜５０％残渣物が出る。残渣物は有効利用できないので、産業廃棄物として廃棄されている。It is safe and efficient to remove radioactive particulates from aqueous solution by treating radioactively contaminated plants such as sunflower with aqueous solution. In aqueous solution, ethanol can be obtained as a by-product. However, a residue called lignin gives a residue of about 40 to 50% of the raw material weight. Since the residue cannot be used effectively, it is discarded as industrial waste.

エタノール製造は有価物も得られ、最も減容になるが課題も多い。例えば、エタノール製造工程で使われる装置に放射性微粒子除去装置が必要となるが、放射性微粒子浄化機能及び放射性微粒子回収装置がない。Ethanol production provides valuable resources and is the most volume-reducing but has many problems. For example, an apparatus used in the ethanol production process requires a radioactive particle removing apparatus, but there is no radioactive particle purification function and radioactive particle collecting apparatus.

特許出願平１０−６３６９３ Patent application 10-63693

特願２００６−２９０３７６ Patent application 2006-290376

特願２０１１−１３８９１４ Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-138914

植物のセルロース系資源をガソリン価格と同等で生産するには、植物は泥、砂、カビ、細菌、オイル、樹液などや、福島原子力発電所事故で発生した放射性微粒子、津波による塩が付着しこれらの物質が、酵素の活動を阻害しエタノール生産プロセス全体の経済性に大きく影響する糖化工程で経済性を悪くしている。In order to produce cellulosic resources of plants at the same price as gasoline, plants adhere to mud, sand, mold, bacteria, oil, sap, radioactive fine particles generated by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, and salt from tsunami. These substances deteriorate the economy in the saccharification process, which inhibits the activity of the enzyme and greatly affects the economy of the entire ethanol production process.

酵素が活動しやすい大きさ５０ミクロン以下にする粉砕コストが高い。また固体の植物微粉末粉から液体になるまでの時間はかかり、固体から液体にする酵素が高い。植物微粉末粉から酵素がブドウ糖と呼ばれる糖化液にする時間は経済性の面からも糖化時間設定は約７２時間。内、個体から液体に変換する時間４８〜５５時間。また植物微粉末粉から液体に変換させる酵素価格はＫｇ１００００円程度と高価である。The cost of grinding to a size of 50 microns or less that facilitates enzyme activity is high. In addition, it takes a long time for the solid plant powder to become liquid, and the enzyme for converting the solid to liquid is high. The saccharification time setting is about 72 hours from the viewpoint of economy from the time when the enzyme is converted into a saccharified solution called glucose from the plant fine powder. Among them, it takes 48 to 55 hours to convert an individual into a liquid. In addition, the enzyme price for converting plant fine powder powder into liquid is as expensive as Kg 10,000 yen.

現在のエタノール生産技術では、リグニン類と呼ばれる残渣物が投入重量の３０〜５０％程度出る。残渣物は産業廃棄物として、大部分埋め立てられている。放射能汚染植物よりの場合リグニン類残渣物処理が困難であるIn the current ethanol production technology, a residue called lignin comes out about 30 to 50% of the input weight. Residues are mostly reclaimed as industrial waste. It is difficult to treat lignin residues from radioactively contaminated plants

植物の付着物である泥、砂、カビ、細菌、オイル、樹液などや、福島原子力発電所事故で発生した放射性微粒子、津波による塩などを、水洗浄など工程で除去する。放射性微粒子が付着している場合、粉砕工程で使用する装置に放射性微粒子除去機能のある空気清浄機設置し、放射性微粒子を大気解放させない。Mud, sand, mold, bacteria, oil, sap, etc., which are plant deposits, radioactive particles generated by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, salt from tsunami, etc. are removed in a process such as water washing. If radioactive particles are attached, install an air cleaner with a function to remove radioactive particles in the equipment used in the pulverization process, and do not release the radioactive particles to the atmosphere.

糖化工程で糖化時間がかかる場所は、セルロースは個体、個体から液体変換時間を要す。解決のため、粉砕機で個体であるセルロースを液体とする。正確には液体ではなく、ミセル状水溶液もしくはコロイド水溶液。例えは果実濃縮ジュースを作る時、果実と水を入れミキサーで濃縮ジュースを作る。果実が水に移行する、もしくは、水に分散する事で水溶液、すなわち濃縮ジュースとなる。同じ原理で水の中で植物を粉砕し、水に移行し、水溶液とする。この水溶液を以下植物溶出液と言う。In places where saccharification takes a long time in the saccharification process, cellulose requires liquid conversion time from the individual. In order to solve the problem, the solid cellulose is used as a liquid in a pulverizer. To be precise, it is not a liquid but a micellar or colloidal solution. For example, when making fruit juice concentrate, add fruit and water to make juice concentrate. The fruit is transferred to water or dispersed in water to form an aqueous solution, that is, a concentrated juice. Plants are crushed in water using the same principle, transferred to water, and made into an aqueous solution. This aqueous solution is hereinafter referred to as a plant eluate.

植物溶出液から逆浸透膜、遠心分離、超音波などで、水とリグニンを取り除く。この工程により糖化液濃度調整が可能になり、個体では測定出来ない分析が可能なので、各種酵素をブレンドする事で安価、糖化速度が速く、残渣物発生量の少ない最適な酵素を作ることが可能になる。Water and lignin are removed from the plant eluate using a reverse osmosis membrane, centrifugation, or ultrasonic waves. This process makes it possible to adjust the concentration of saccharified solution, and analysis that cannot be measured by individuals is possible. By blending various enzymes, it is possible to create an optimal enzyme that is inexpensive, has a high saccharification rate, and generates little residue. become.

処理方法で安全、安価、実績がある方法は植物を液体にして、液体より放射性微粒子、重金属などを取り出す方法が有利である。植物を液体にする方法は植物をエタノールにする方法ですでに実績がある。植物をエタノールにするには、植物を微粉末粉にして酵素で液体、糖化液にする事から始まる。しかしながら、植物の表面、植物内に放射性微粒子、重金属などを蓄えており、エタノール既存の装置を使用すると、放射性微粒子、重金属などを大気に放出し、使用水は放射能汚染水になり、放射能被害を起こす。またエタノール製造装置の収率は悪く、大量の廃液と残渣物を出す。A method that is safe, inexpensive, and proven as a treatment method is advantageous in that the plant is made into a liquid and radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. are extracted from the liquid. The method of making a plant a liquid has already been proven as a method of making a plant ethanol. In order to make a plant into ethanol, it begins with making the plant into a fine powder and making it into a liquid or saccharified solution with an enzyme. However, radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. are stored on the surface of plants and in plants, and using existing ethanol equipment releases radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. to the atmosphere, and the water used becomes radioactive polluted water. Cause damage. Moreover, the yield of the ethanol production apparatus is poor, and a large amount of waste liquid and residue are produced.

そこで発明者らは放射性微粒子、重金属などが大気に放出させない装置。使用水が放射能汚染水を流失させない装置及び、放射能汚染水溶液から放射能回収装置並びに糖化時間短縮、酵素費用大幅削減、エタノール収率向上、放射性微粒子浄化装置、廃液再利用装置、残渣物を出さない装置及び方法並びに経済的確立した工程を提供する事を目的とする。Therefore, the inventors have a device that does not release radioactive fine particles, heavy metals, etc. to the atmosphere. Equipment that does not allow radioactive water to be washed away, radioactive recovery equipment from radioactively contaminated aqueous solution, shortening of saccharification time, significant reduction in enzyme costs, ethanol yield improvement, radioactive particulate purification equipment, waste liquid recycling equipment, residue The object is to provide an apparatus and method that does not take off and an economically established process.

湿式粉砕機を用い、湿式粉砕機使用水で放射能汚染植物の放射性微粒子を使用水に移行させ、次の工程で、ノズル粉砕兼糖化装置を用い、植物の高分子を低分子化させ、植物溶出液にさせる工程を有することを特徴とする。Using a wet pulverizer, move the radioactive fine particles of the radioactively contaminated plant to the used water with the wet pulverizer water, and in the next step, use the nozzle pulverization and saccharification device to reduce the molecular weight of the plant, It has the process made to make an eluate.

植物溶出液を、逆浸透膜、遠心分離機、超音波などを使い、植物溶出液を濃縮する工程を有することを特徴とする。The plant eluate is characterized by having a step of concentrating the plant eluate using a reverse osmosis membrane, a centrifuge, an ultrasonic wave or the like.

植物溶出液は逆浸透膜、遠心分離機、超音波などで植物溶出液の水とリグニンが分離され、放射性微粒子は水と一緒に分離させる。従って分離した水は放射能汚染水となる。植物溶出液と放射能汚染水、リグニン分離工程を有することを特徴とする。In the plant eluate, water and lignin in the plant eluate are separated by a reverse osmosis membrane, a centrifuge, ultrasonic waves, etc., and the radioactive fine particles are separated together with water. Therefore, the separated water becomes radioactively contaminated water. It has a plant eluate, radioactively contaminated water, and a lignin separation step.

分離したリグニンは乾燥し放射性微粒子除去確認後、土壌改良材、エポキシ樹脂原料とする事を特徴とする。The separated lignin is dried and confirmed to remove radioactive fine particles, and then used as a soil conditioner and an epoxy resin raw material.

濃縮した植物溶出液の糖度を測定し、植物溶出液が、糖化液に変換する安価、糖化時間の早い酵素および、適正量を設定する工程を有することを特徴とする。The sugar content of the concentrated plant eluate is measured, and the plant eluate has a step of setting an appropriate amount and an inexpensive enzyme capable of being converted into a saccharified solution and having a fast saccharification time.

濃縮植物溶出液を酵素で糖化、糖化液製造、糖化液に酵母を入れ発酵、アルコールを作り、蒸留を繰り返すか、逆浸透膜などでアルコール水分を除去、エタノール製造工程を有することを特徴とする。Saccharification of concentrated plant eluate with enzyme, production of saccharified solution, yeast is put into saccharified solution, fermented, alcohol is made, distillation is repeated, alcohol water is removed with reverse osmosis membrane, etc. .

水洗浄は、金網容器の中に植物を入れた後、植物を入れた容器を、水槽に入れ植物の水洗浄を行う。In the water washing, after a plant is put in a wire mesh container, the container containing the plant is put in a water tank and the plant is washed with water.

エタノール収率、減容からは、乾式粉砕が好ましいが、乾式粉砕は粉砕物の水分含有率が約２０％以下にする必要がある。上記述べた通り、水洗浄した後は水分含有量７０％以上ある。従って、乾燥しなければ、ならない。また、乾燥しているので、放射性微粒子が付着している微粉末粉が工場内外に飛散するので、飛散防止装置を設置しなければならないデメリットがある。しかし、バイオプラスチック充填剤を製造する場合は乾式粉砕が好ましい。From the viewpoint of ethanol yield and volume reduction, dry pulverization is preferable, but dry pulverization requires that the water content of the pulverized product be about 20% or less. As described above, the water content after washing with water is 70% or more. Therefore, it must be dried. Moreover, since it is dry, the fine powder powder to which radioactive fine particles are attached scatters inside and outside the factory, so there is a demerit that it is necessary to install a scattering prevention device. However, dry pulverization is preferred when producing bioplastic fillers.

乾式粉砕の場合、水分量１８〜２０％程度に乾燥室で乾燥させる。乾燥させる理由は、水分含有量２０％以上では粉砕効率が悪い。粉砕効率向上のため。しかし、１５％程度になると粉砕機より放射能含有水が植物から飛び散り、作業員が放射能被曝する危険がある。放射能汚染水飛散に十分注意する事が好ましい。In the case of dry pulverization, it is dried in a drying room to a moisture content of about 18 to 20%. The reason for drying is that the pulverization efficiency is poor when the water content is 20% or more. To improve grinding efficiency. However, when it reaches about 15%, there is a risk that the radioactive water is scattered from the plant by the pulverizer and the worker is exposed to the radioactivity. It is preferable to pay close attention to radioactive contamination.

湿式粉砕が大量に使用するデメリットに着目し、放射能汚染植物は放射性微粒子を根や茎に蓄えている。酵素水の中で、もしくは酵素水を噴霧しながら、放射能汚染植物をすりつぶし、且つ噴射ノズルでさらに粉砕、衝突で微粉末化を進ませると、放射性微粒子は自動的に酵素水に移行する。Focusing on the disadvantages of wet milling in large quantities, radioactively contaminated plants store radioactive particles in their roots and stems. When the radioactively contaminated plant is ground in the enzyme water or sprayed with the enzyme water, and further pulverized by the spray nozzle and fine powdered by collision, the radioactive fine particles are automatically transferred to the enzyme water.

例えて言うなら、洗濯は洗濯機に水と衣服を入れ、回転させると、衣服に付着している汚れは水に移行する。同じようにセシウムなど放射性微粒子を汚れと例えると、放射性微粒子は水になじみやすく、移行しやすい性質がある。従って、洗濯機と構造が似ている湿式粉砕機、ノズル粉砕機が好ましい。For example, when washing is performed, water and clothes are put into the washing machine and rotated, and the dirt adhering to the clothes is transferred to the water. Similarly, if radioactive fine particles such as cesium are compared with dirt, the radioactive fine particles are easily compatible with water and have a property of being easily transferred. Accordingly, a wet pulverizer and a nozzle pulverizer having a structure similar to that of a washing machine are preferable.

植物粉末ペーストから分離した植物溶出液濃度の薄い植物溶出液を集め、逆浸透膜もしくは超音波を使い、植物溶出液から水を分離、高濃度の植物溶出液とする。高濃度植物溶出液に酵素を投入して糖化液を作り、糖化液に酵母投入、発酵、蒸留、蒸留を繰り返す事、もしくは逆浸透膜、遠心分離機、超音波などを使い、９９．５％以上のエタノールを作る。Collect the plant eluate with a low plant eluate concentration separated from the plant powder paste, separate the water from the plant eluate using a reverse osmosis membrane or ultrasonic waves, and make a high concentration plant eluate. Enzyme is added to high concentration plant eluate to make saccharified solution, yeast is added to saccharified solution, fermentation, distillation, distillation is repeated, or reverse osmosis membrane, centrifuge, ultrasonic wave, etc., 99.5% Make more ethanol.

高濃度植物溶出液にする事により、エタノール収率は飛躍的に向上、酵素量、酵素費用大幅削減、糖化時間大幅短縮。本発明は湿式粉砕のエタノール収率が悪い問題を解決。従ってエタノール経済的価格で生産する、新たな製法である。By using a high-concentration plant eluate, the ethanol yield is dramatically improved, the amount of enzyme, the enzyme cost is greatly reduced, and the saccharification time is greatly reduced. The present invention solves the problem of poor wet ethanol yield. Therefore, it is a new production method that produces ethanol at an economical price.

本発明の金網容器図Wire mesh container of the present invention 同水槽図、The water tank diagram, 同水槽の中に金網容器を入れた図Figure with wire mesh container in the water tank 同洗浄後水槽から汚染水を抜く時、使用するフィルター図Filter diagram to use when draining contaminated water from the water tank after washing 同水槽から汚染水汚染物浄化装置に移した図Figure moved from the tank to the contaminated water purification equipment 従来水蒸気蒸留装置図Conventional steam distillation equipment 本発明ノズル粉砕機The present invention nozzle crusher 本発明粉砕で植物溶出液製造工程図Process of manufacturing plant eluate by crushing the present invention 本発明植物溶出液、糖化、発酵、蒸留、エタノール製造工程図Invention plant eluate, saccharification, fermentation, distillation, ethanol production process diagram 従来、放射能汚染水より放射能回収装置図Conventionally, radioactivity recovery equipment from radioactivity contaminated water 従来、噴霧式空気清浄機Conventional spray type air purifier 従来、簡易空気清浄機Conventional simple air purifier

Claims

植物もしくは放射能汚染植物付着泥、放射性微粒子など付着物洗浄工程と、植物もしくは放射能汚染植物含有オイル、樹液、放射性微粒子抽出水蒸気蒸留工程と、植物もしくは放射能汚染植物粉砕工程と、前記水蒸気蒸留工程で抽出物オイル、樹液混合工程と放射能汚染植物粉砕工程で生成した微粉末粉に対し酵素を用い酵素反応によって糖化液を作る糖化工程と、前記工程で排出される放射能を含む廃液、及び残渣物処理工程を有することを特徴とするエタノール製造工程。Plant or radioactive contaminated plant adhesion mud, radioactive particulate cleaning process, plant or radioactive contaminated plant-containing oil, sap, radioactive particulate extraction steam distillation process, plant or radioactive contaminated plant crushing process, steam distillation Extract oil in the process, saccharification process for producing a saccharified liquid by enzyme reaction with the fine powder powder produced in the sap mixing process and the radioactive contamination plant pulverization process, and waste liquid containing the radioactivity discharged in the process, And an ethanol production process comprising a residue treatment process.

前記粉砕工程は前記洗浄、水蒸気蒸留工程後の植物、放射能汚染植物を粉砕する事を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The ethanol production method according to claim 1, wherein the pulverization step pulverizes the plant after the washing and steam distillation step and the radioactively contaminated plant.

前記粉砕の粉砕機は粉砕物である植物により乾式粉砕機、湿式粉砕機を設定する事を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The ethanol production method according to claim 1, wherein the pulverizer is a dry pulverizer or a wet pulverizer depending on a plant that is a pulverized product.

前記粉砕工程の湿式粉砕機を設定した場合、湿式粉砕機に固液分離機等を連結させ粉砕物を湿式粉砕機に再び戻すか、湿式粉砕機に固液分離機等を連結させ、装置に順次粉砕物を移動させるか、粉砕後また装置に戻し、これを繰り返す事で、セルロースと糖の中間物質のデキストリン溶液を作る、粉砕物である植物を繊維質まで粉砕する工程を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。When a wet pulverizer is set for the pulverization step, a solid-liquid separator or the like is connected to the wet pulverizer and the pulverized product is returned to the wet pulverizer, or a solid-liquid separator or the like is connected to the wet pulverizer. A process of pulverizing a plant, which is a pulverized product, to a fiber by making a dextrin solution of an intermediate substance of cellulose and sugar by sequentially moving the pulverized product or returning to the apparatus after pulverization and repeating this. Item 2. The method for producing ethanol according to Item 1.

湿式粉砕機で使用する水に酵素を入れ、酵素水で湿式粉砕すると同時に酵素水で粉砕物である植物を糖化液とする工程を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1, wherein an enzyme is added to water used in a wet pulverizer and wet pulverized with the enzyme water, and at the same time, the plant that is pulverized with the enzyme water is used as a saccharified solution.

前記デキストリン溶液を作る工程で得られたデキストリン溶液を逆浸透膜等で濃縮する工程を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The ethanol production method according to claim 1, wherein the dextrin solution obtained in the step of producing the dextrin solution is concentrated using a reverse osmosis membrane or the like.

前記逆浸透膜で濃縮する工程で得られた、デキストリン濃縮液を分析、最適な酵素設定する工程を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1, comprising the step of analyzing the dextrin concentrate obtained in the step of concentrating with the reverse osmosis membrane and setting an optimum enzyme.

前記洗浄工程、水蒸気蒸留工程、粉砕工程、糖化液工程で排出される、廃液中の放射性微粒子除去工程が組み込まれている事を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1, wherein a radioactive fine particle removal step in the waste liquid discharged in the washing step, the steam distillation step, the pulverization step, and the saccharification step is incorporated.

前記洗浄工程、水蒸気蒸留工程、粉砕工程、糖化液工程で排出される、廃液中の回収した放射性微粒子をガラスもしくはセメントで固める工程を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1, wherein the radioactive fine particles recovered in the waste liquid discharged in the washing step, the steam distillation step, the pulverization step, and the saccharification step are solidified with glass or cement.

前記洗浄工程、水蒸気蒸留工程、粉砕工程、糖化液工程で使用する装置排出口より洩れる、放射性微粒子を含む水蒸気、水、微粉末粉を捕集、浄化機能のある浄化装置の設置を設けた工程を特徴とする請求項１に記載のエタノール製造方法。A process for collecting water vapor, water, and fine powder powder containing radioactive fine particles that leaks from an apparatus outlet used in the washing process, steam distillation process, pulverization process, and saccharification liquid process, and a process for providing a purification apparatus having a purification function. The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1.