JP2013001635A - Method for producing track bed ballast material - Google Patents

Method for producing track bed ballast material Download PDF

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JP2013001635A
JP2013001635A JP2011137882A JP2011137882A JP2013001635A JP 2013001635 A JP2013001635 A JP 2013001635A JP 2011137882 A JP2011137882 A JP 2011137882A JP 2011137882 A JP2011137882 A JP 2011137882A JP 2013001635 A JP2013001635 A JP 2013001635A
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ballast material
roadbed ballast
slag
converter slag
producing
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Masuo Suzaki
益夫 寿崎
Atsushi Mizuno
水野  淳
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Nippon Steel Slag Products Co Ltd
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Sumikin Recotech Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a track bed ballast material which is excellent in properties such as a water absorption rate, water absorption pressure resistance, a compression crushing ratio or a unit volume mass, also excellent in bearing capacity and resistance force, and more inexpensive than crushed stone, because converter slag to which aging treatment is applied is used, and which can form a circulation type society of 'local production for local consumption' by utilizing effectively byproducts discharged every day from an iron mill, secure stable quality, and protect natural environment linking to resource saving, energy saving or COreduction, because rocks are not required to be dug since crushed stones are not used.SOLUTION: This method has a constitution including a crushing step for obtaining particle-size adjusted slag formed by crushing slowly-cooled converter slag and adjusting the particle size; a piling step for piling the particle-size adjusted slag, and covering it with a heat-resistant sheet-like material; and an aging step for performing aging treatment by supplying steam from the lower side of the particle-size adjusted slag piled in the piling step.

Description

本発明は、線路や鉄道軌道における道床バラスト材の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for producing a roadbed ballast material on a railroad track or a railroad track.

バラスト軌道における道床バラスト材には、枕木を緊密に保持し、列車荷重を路盤に広く分散させ、列車の横圧やレール温度上昇にともなう張り出しに抵抗し、排水性を高くすることで雑草の発生を防ぎ、軌道に弾性を持たせる等の役割がある。この道床バラスト材は、従来から自然の岩石を破砕した砕石が用いられていた。しかしながら、砕石を道床バラスト材に用いた場合、列車の走行による荷重等の外力により摩耗し、細粒化する。細粒化した道床バラスト材は雨水等によって泥となり道床バラスト材の隙間を埋め固め、軌道の弾性がなくなる噴泥に至る。噴泥が発生すれば、レールの陥没や張り出しが起こる危険性が高く、メンテナンス周期も短くなる。この課題を解決するために、(特許文献1)には、「アルミナ及び石炭灰の混合粉末を、手動式油圧プレスで成形し、最高温度1100〜1400℃で焼結したセラミック焼結体によるバラスト」が開示されている。   Weeds are generated on the ballast material on the ballast track by holding the sleepers closely, distributing the train load widely on the roadbed, resisting the overload caused by the lateral pressure of the train and the rise in rail temperature, and increasing drainage. It has the role of preventing the movement and giving the track elasticity. Conventionally, crushed stone obtained by crushing natural rock has been used as this roadbed ballast material. However, when crushed stone is used as a roadbed ballast material, it is worn and finer by external forces such as a load caused by running of a train. The refined roadbed ballast material becomes mud by rainwater or the like, filling the gaps in the roadbed ballast material, leading to a mud mud where the elasticity of the track disappears. If mud is generated, there is a high risk that the rail will collapse or overhang, and the maintenance cycle will be shortened. In order to solve this problem, (Patent Document 1) states that “a mixed powder of alumina and coal ash is formed by a manual hydraulic press and sintered at a maximum temperature of 1100 to 1400 ° C., which is a ballast made of a ceramic sintered body. Is disclosed.

特開2007−186910号公報JP 2007-186910 A

しかしながら上記従来の技術においては、以下のような課題を有していた。
(1)道床バラスト材として砕石を用いるので、岩石を採掘する必要があり、自然環境の破壊に繋がるとともに、摩耗して細粒化した場合、道床バラスト材間の隙間を埋め、軌道の排水性が損なわれるとともに、噴泥の発生に至ると軌道の弾性がなくなり、レールの陥没や張り出しが起こる危険性が高く、メンテナンスの周期が短くなるという課題を有していた。また、地質の変化に富む日本では、良好で均質な砕石を常に得ることが難しいという課題を有していた。
(2)(特許文献1)に開示の技術は、セラミック成分と石炭灰の混合粉末を成形して焼結させるので、その製造に手間が掛かるという課題を有していた。
However, the above conventional techniques have the following problems.
(1) Since crushed stone is used as the roadbed ballast material, it is necessary to mine rocks, which leads to the destruction of the natural environment, and when worn and refined, fills the gaps between the roadbed ballast material and drains the track. When the mud is generated, the elasticity of the track is lost, and there is a high risk that the rail will collapse or overhang, and the maintenance cycle will be shortened. In Japan, where geological changes are abundant, it was difficult to always obtain good and uniform crushed stones.
(2) The technique disclosed in (Patent Document 1) has a problem that it takes time to manufacture because the mixed powder of ceramic components and coal ash is molded and sintered.

本発明は上記従来の課題を解決するもので、エージング処理を施した転炉スラグを用いることにより、吸水率、吸水耐圧度、圧縮粉砕率、単位容積質量等の物性がよく、支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、砕石に比べ安価であり、製鉄所から毎日排出される副産物を有効利用し、地産地消の循環型社会を形成することができるとともに、安定した品質を確保でき、砕石を用いないため、岩石を採掘する必要がないので、省資源や省エネルギー、CO2の削減に繋がり、自然環境を保護できる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above-mentioned conventional problems, and by using a converter slag subjected to aging treatment, it has good physical properties such as water absorption rate, water absorption pressure resistance, compression pulverization rate, unit volume mass, bearing capacity and resistance. Excellent power, cheaper than crushed stone, can effectively use by-products discharged from steelworks every day, can form a recycling society of local production for local consumption, can secure stable quality, and does not use crushed stone Therefore, since it is not necessary to mine rocks, an object is to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material that leads to resource saving, energy saving, CO 2 reduction, and can protect the natural environment.

上記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明の道床バラスト材の製造方法は、以下の構成を有している。
本発明の請求項1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法は、徐冷後の転炉スラグを破砕して粒度を調整した粒度調整スラグを得る破砕工程と、前記粒度調整スラグを山積みにして耐熱性のあるシート状で覆う積山工程と、前記積山工程で山積みにされた前記粒度調整スラグの下部側から蒸気を供給することで促進エージング処理を行うエージング工程と、を備える構成を有している。
この構成により、以下のような作用が得られる。
(1)製鉄所から毎日排出される転炉スラグを使用するので、品質が安定しており、地産地消の循環型社会の形成に繋がるとともに、岩石の採掘量が減らすことができるので、自然環境の保護に繋がる他、CO2の削減等にも繋がる。
(2)転炉スラグに残存する生石灰をエージング処理によって消石灰に変え安定化するので、膨張及び崩壊し難く、密度が高いため、ポーラス状でないため、堅牢で強度があり、列車の荷重等の外力によって摩損や破砕し難いので、細粒化し難く排水性に優れ、雑草の発生も防ぐことができる道床バラスト材を得ることができる。
(3)促進エージング処理を行うので、半年以上要する通常のエージング処理に比べ短い期間で処理でき、転炉スラグは予め所定の大きさに破砕しておくだけで良いので、生産性に優れ低原価で量産できる。
In order to solve the above conventional problems, the method for producing a roadbed ballast material of the present invention has the following configuration.
The method for producing a roadbed ballast material according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a crushing step of crushing a converter slag after slow cooling to obtain a particle size-adjusted slag whose particle size is adjusted, and a heat resistance by stacking the particle size-adjusted slag. And a aging process of performing accelerated aging treatment by supplying steam from the lower side of the particle size adjustment slag piled up in the piling process. .
With this configuration, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) Since the converter slag discharged daily from the steelworks is used, the quality is stable, leading to the formation of a recycling society for local production for local consumption, and the amount of rock mining can be reduced. In addition to environmental protection, it also leads to CO 2 reduction.
(2) The quick lime remaining in the converter slag is converted to slaked lime by aging treatment and stabilized, so it is difficult to expand and collapse, and because it is high in density and not porous, it is strong and strong, and external forces such as train loads Therefore, it is difficult to grind and crush, so that it is possible to obtain a roadbed ballast material that is difficult to be finely divided, has excellent drainage properties, and can prevent the generation of weeds.
(3) Because accelerated aging treatment is performed, it can be processed in a shorter period of time than normal aging treatment that requires more than half a year, and the converter slag only needs to be crushed to a predetermined size in advance. Can be mass produced.

積山工程において、転炉スラグの積山の上面は平らにならすことが望ましい。これは、平らにすることで、積山下部の締固め度合いを小さくすることができ、転炉スラグの空隙が塞がれ難く、通気性を良くすることができるからである。
また、積山を耐熱性でシート状のもので覆うのは、蒸気でエージング処理する際に保温状態を保つためである。保温状態を保つことで、エージング処理時間を短縮することができる。
In the mountain-mounting process, it is desirable to flatten the upper surface of the pile of converter slag. This is because, by flattening, the degree of compaction at the bottom of the pile can be reduced, the gap of the converter slag is not easily blocked, and air permeability can be improved.
The reason why the mountain is covered with a heat-resistant sheet is to keep the heat-retaining state when the steam is aged. By maintaining the heat insulation state, the aging processing time can be shortened.

エージング工程において、蒸気を供給するために、転炉スラグを山積みにする前に、蒸気配管等を積山下部の周辺へ引き込んでおくことが望ましい。下部側から蒸気を供給することで、空隙を有する積山に蒸気が侵入しやすく、エージング処理斑が起こり難い。また、エージングが短期間でよく、一度に数百t〜千tを処理することができる。   In order to supply steam in the aging process, it is desirable to draw steam piping or the like around the lower part of the pile before the converter slag is piled up. By supplying the steam from the lower side, it is easy for the steam to enter the mountain having a gap, and aging spots are not likely to occur. Further, aging may be performed in a short period, and several hundred t to 1,000 t can be processed at a time.

本発明の請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法であって、a)吸水率が5%以下、b)吸水耐圧強度が0.6t/cm2以上、c)単位容積質量が1.1t/m3以上である構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項1で得られる作用に加え以下のような作用が得られる。
(1)吸水率が5%以下と低く、吸水耐圧強度も0.6t/cm2と低いので、吸水による強度劣化等の性質変化が起き難く、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、屋外での使用に適している。
(2)転炉スラグの単位容積質量が1.1t/m3以上であるので、細粒及び粗粒が適度に混合されており、締固め密度を高くすることができるので、枕木を緊密にむらなく保持され、列車の荷重等に対する大きな支持力及び抵抗力が得られるとともに、列車通過時の騒音や振動を路盤に広く且つ均一に分散させることができる。
Invention of Claim 2 of this invention is a manufacturing method of the roadbed ballast material of Claim 1, Comprising: a) Water absorption is 5% or less, b) Water absorption pressure strength is 0.6 t / cm < 2 > or more C) The unit volume mass is 1.1 t / m 3 or more.
With this configuration, the following operation is obtained in addition to the operation obtained in the first aspect.
(1) Since the water absorption rate is as low as 5% or less and the water absorption pressure strength is as low as 0.6 t / cm 2 , property changes such as strength deterioration due to water absorption are unlikely to occur, and the bearing and resistance to train loads are excellent. Suitable for outdoor use.
(2) Since the unit volume mass of the converter slag is 1.1 t / m 3 or more, fine grains and coarse grains are mixed appropriately, and the compaction density can be increased. It is held evenly, and a large support force and resistance force against the load of the train and the like can be obtained, and noise and vibration when passing through the train can be widely and uniformly distributed on the roadbed.

転炉スラグの粒径としては、15mm〜70mmが好適に選択さるが、より好ましくは25mm〜65mmが選択される。粒径が25mmより小さくなるにつれ、粒径が小さいため排水性が悪くなる傾向にあり15mmより小さくなるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。粒径が65mmより大きくなるにつれ、空隙が増し、沈下への抵抗力が減る傾向があり、70mmより大きくなるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。
これにより、以下の作用が得られる。
(1)粒径が15mm〜70mmであるため、排水性が良く、雑草の生育を防止できる。
(2)粒径が15mm〜70mmであるため、枕木を緊密にむらなく保持できるため支持力及び抵抗力が大きく、列車の荷重等やレール温度上昇による張り出しを防ぎ、レールの伸縮による枕木の移動を防ぐことができる。
(3)枕木を緊密にむらなく保持できるため、列車通過時の騒音や振動を路盤に広く且つ均一に分散させることができ、騒音や振動を抑えることができる。
The particle size of the converter slag is preferably selected from 15 mm to 70 mm, more preferably from 25 mm to 65 mm. As the particle size becomes smaller than 25 mm, the drainage tends to be deteriorated because the particle size is small, and as the particle size becomes smaller than 15 mm, the tendency is remarkable. As the particle diameter becomes larger than 65 mm, the voids increase and the resistance to settlement tends to decrease, and as the particle diameter becomes larger than 70 mm, the tendency is remarkable, which is not preferable.
Thereby, the following effects are obtained.
(1) Since the particle size is 15 mm to 70 mm, drainage is good and weed growth can be prevented.
(2) Since the particle size is 15 mm to 70 mm, the sleepers can be held tightly and uniformly, so the support force and resistance are large, preventing overloading due to train load and rail temperature rise, and moving the sleepers by expanding and contracting the rails Can be prevented.
(3) Since the sleepers can be held tightly and uniformly, noise and vibration when passing through the train can be widely and uniformly distributed on the roadbed, and noise and vibration can be suppressed.

転炉スラグの吸水率は、5%以下のものが好適に用いられるが、より好ましくは3%未満のものが用いられる。吸水率が3%を超えるにつれ、ポーラス状であると考えられ、強度が小さく、吸水による強度劣化等の性質変化が大きくなり、支持力及び抵抗力が小さくなる傾向にあり、5%を超えるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。   The water absorption rate of the converter slag is preferably 5% or less, more preferably less than 3%. As the water absorption exceeds 3%, it is considered to be porous, and the strength is small, property changes such as strength deterioration due to water absorption increase, and the supporting force and resistance tend to decrease, and as it exceeds 5%. , Because the tendency is remarkable.

転炉スラグの吸水耐圧強度は、0.6t/cm2以上のものが好適に用いられるが、より好ましくは0.8t/cm2以上のものが用いられる。吸水耐圧強度が0.8t/cm2より小さくなるにつれ、吸水時に列車の荷重等による摩損及び破砕が生じやすく、細粒化しやすくなるので、排水性が悪くなり、支持力及び抵抗力小さくなる傾向があり、0.6t/cm2より小さくなるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。 Water pressure resistance of the converter slag, 0.6 t / cm 2 or more of, but is preferably used, more preferably 0.8 t / cm 2 or more ones are used. As the water absorption pressure strength becomes smaller than 0.8 t / cm 2, wear and crushing due to the train load, etc. is likely to occur during water absorption, and it tends to become finer. However, as the value becomes smaller than 0.6 t / cm 2 , the tendency is remarkable, which is not preferable.

転炉スラグの単位容積質量は、1.1t/m3以上のものが好適に用いられるが、より好ましくは1.4t/m3以上のものが用いられる。1.4t/m3小さくなるにつれ、転炉スラグ中の細粒と粗粒のバランスが悪くなり、道床バラスト材の締固め密度を高くできず、枕木の保持にムラが出るので、列車の荷重等に対する支持力や抵抗力が得られず、騒音や振動を分散し難くなる傾向があり、1.1t/m3小さくなるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。 The unit volume mass of the converter slag is preferably 1.1 t / m 3 or more, more preferably 1.4 t / m 3 or more. As 1.4t / m 3 becomes smaller, the balance between fine and coarse grains in the converter slag deteriorates, the compaction density of the roadbed ballast material cannot be increased, and unevenness in holding the sleepers appears. Therefore, it is difficult to disperse noise and vibration, and the tendency becomes remarkable as 1.1 t / m 3 is reduced, which is not preferable.

請求項3に記載の発明は、請求項1又は2に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法であって、前記転炉スラグの摩損率が35%以下ある構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項1又は2で得られる作用に加え以下の作用が得られる。
(1)転炉スラグの摩損率が35%以下であるので、列車の荷重等による道床バラスト材同士の擦れ合いにより細粒化し難く、高低変位や噴泥が発生し難いため、道床バラスト材の寿命が長く、メンテナンス性に優れる。
Invention of Claim 3 is a manufacturing method of the roadbed ballast material of Claim 1 or 2, Comprising: It has the structure whose abrasion rate of the said converter slag is 35% or less.
With this configuration, the following actions are obtained in addition to the actions obtained in the first or second aspect.
(1) Since the slag wear rate of the converter slag is 35% or less, it is difficult to make fine particles due to friction between the roadbed ballast materials due to the train load, etc. Long life and excellent maintainability.

摩損率は、35%以下のものが好適に用いられるが、より好適には27%以下のものが用いられる。摩損率が27%を超えるにつれ、列車の荷重等による道床バラスト材同士の擦れ合いにより細粒化しやすく、排水性が悪くなるので高低変位や噴泥が発生し易くなるとともに、支持力及び抵抗力小さくなる傾向があり、35%を超えるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。   The wear rate is preferably 35% or less, more preferably 27% or less. As the wear rate exceeds 27%, it becomes easy to make fine particles by rubbing between the roadbed ballast materials due to the load of the train, etc., and the drainage becomes worse. There is a tendency to decrease, and as it exceeds 35%, the tendency is remarkable, which is not preferable.

請求項4に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至3の内いずれか1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法であって、前記転炉スラグの硬度が14以上である構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項1乃至3で得られる作用に加え以下の作用が得られる。
(1)転炉スラグの硬度が14以上であるので、列車の荷重等による摩損や破砕が生じ難く、細粒化し難いため、高低変位や噴泥が発生し難く、道床バラスト材としての寿命が長く、メンテナンス性に優れる。
Invention of Claim 4 is a manufacturing method of the roadbed ballast material of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3, Comprising: It has the structure whose hardness of the said converter slag is 14 or more.
With this configuration, the following actions are obtained in addition to the actions obtained in the first to third aspects.
(1) Since the hardness of the converter slag is 14 or more, it is difficult to cause wear and crushing due to train load, etc., and it is difficult to make fine particles. Long and excellent maintainability.

転炉スラグの硬度は、14以上のものが好適に用いられるが、より好ましくは17以上のものが用いられる。硬度が17より小さくなるにつれ列車の荷重等により摩損及び破砕が生じやすく、細粒化しやすく、排水性が悪く、支持力及び抵抗力小さくなる傾向があり、14より小さくなるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。   The hardness of the converter slag is preferably 14 or more, more preferably 17 or more. As the hardness becomes smaller than 17, wear and crushing easily occurs due to the load of the train, etc., tends to be finely divided, has poor drainage, tends to decrease the supporting force and resistance, and as the hardness becomes smaller than 14, the tendency is remarkable. Therefore, it is not preferable.

請求項5に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至4の内いずれか1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法であって、前記転炉スラグの圧縮粉砕率が30%以下である構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項1乃至4で得られる作用に加え以下の作用が得られる。
(1)転炉スラグの圧縮粉砕率が30%以下であるので、列車の荷重等の圧縮応力により破砕され難く、粉末化し難いため、高低変位や噴泥が発生し難く、道床バラスト材としての寿命が長くメンテナンス性に優れる。
(2)圧縮応力の作用により破砕され難く、細粒化し難いので、排水性がよく、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れる。
Invention of Claim 5 is a manufacturing method of the roadbed ballast material of any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4, Comprising: It has the structure whose compression crushing rate of the said converter slag is 30% or less. ing.
With this configuration, the following actions are obtained in addition to the actions obtained in the first to fourth aspects.
(1) Since the compression pulverization rate of converter slag is 30% or less, it is difficult to be pulverized by a compressive stress such as a train load, and it is difficult to pulverize. Long life and excellent maintainability.
(2) Since it is difficult to be crushed by the action of compressive stress and it is difficult to make it fine, it has good drainage and excellent support and resistance to train loads.

転炉スラグの圧縮粉砕率は、30%以下のものが好適に用いられるが、より好ましく24%以下のものが用いられる。圧縮粉砕率が24%を超えるにつれ、列車の荷重等の圧縮応力の作用によって道床バラスト材が破砕され易く、細粒化しやすく、排水性が悪く、支持力及び抵抗力小さくなる傾向があり、30%を超えるにつれ、その傾向が著しいため好ましくない。   The compression pulverization rate of the converter slag is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 24% or less. As the compression and pulverization rate exceeds 24%, the roadbed ballast material tends to be crushed by the action of compressive stress such as train load, tends to be finely divided, has poor drainage, and tends to have a smaller supporting force and resistance. When the ratio exceeds 50%, the tendency is remarkable, which is not preferable.

請求項6に記載の発明は、請求項1乃至5の内いずれか1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法であって、前記転炉スラグの形状において、細長度が60%以下、偏平度が45%以下である構成を有している。
この構成により、請求項2乃至5で得られる作用に加え以下の作用が得られる。
(1)転炉スラグの細長度が60%以下、偏平度が45%以下であるので、道床バラスト材の締固め密度を高くすることができ、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れる。
Invention of Claim 6 is a manufacturing method of the roadbed ballast material of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5, Comprising: In the shape of the said converter slag, slenderness is 60% or less, and flatness is The composition is 45% or less.
With this configuration, in addition to the actions obtained in claims 2 to 5, the following actions are obtained.
(1) Since the slenderness of the converter slag is 60% or less and the flatness is 45% or less, the compaction density of the roadbed ballast material can be increased, and the bearing capacity and resistance to the train load and the like are excellent. .

転炉スラグの細長度は60%以下、偏平度は45%以下のものが好適に用いられる。細長度が60%、偏平度が45%を超えるにつれ、道床バラスト材の締固め密度が低くなり、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力が小さくなる傾向があるため好ましくない。   A converter slag having a slenderness of 60% or less and a flatness of 45% or less is preferably used. As the slenderness exceeds 60% and the flatness exceeds 45%, the compaction density of the roadbed ballast material decreases, and the supporting force and the resistance force against the train load and the like tend to decrease, which is not preferable.

以上のように、本発明の道床バラスト材の製造方法によれば、以下のような有利な効果が得られる。
請求項1によれば、
(1)膨張崩壊性を示さず堅牢で強度の高い道床バラスト材を得ることができるとともに、生産性に優れ、品質の安定した道床バラスト材を低原価で量産できる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
As described above, according to the method for producing a roadbed ballast material of the present invention, the following advantageous effects can be obtained.
According to claim 1,
(1) Providing a method for producing a roadbed ballast material that can produce a robust and high-strength roadbed ballast material that does not exhibit expansion and disintegration, and that can be mass-produced at a low cost with excellent productivity and stable quality. can do.

請求項2に記載の発明によれば、請求項1の効果に加え
(1)密度が高く、強度があり、吸水性も無いので、列車の荷重等によって摩損や破砕し難く、細粒化し難いので、排水性に優れ、高低変位や噴泥も発生し難く、道床バラスト材としての寿命が長く、メンテナンス性に優れる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
(2)循環型社会の形成に繋がるとともに、自然環境の保護にも繋がる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
According to the second aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, (1) high density, high strength, and no water absorption, it is difficult to be worn or crushed by a train load or the like, and to be finely divided. Therefore, it is possible to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material that is excellent in drainage, hardly generates high / low displacement and mud mud, has a long life as a roadbed ballast material, and is excellent in maintainability.
(2) It is possible to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material that leads to the formation of a recycling-oriented society and also to the protection of the natural environment.

請求項3に記載の発明によれば、請求項1又は2の効果に加え、
(1)列車の荷重等による道床バラスト材同士の擦れ合いにより細粒化し難く、高低変位や噴泥が発生し難いため、排水性がよく、荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、道床バラスト材の寿命が長く、メンテナンス性に優れる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
According to invention of Claim 3, in addition to the effect of Claim 1 or 2,
(1) It is difficult to make fine particles due to friction between roadbed ballast materials due to train load, etc., and it is difficult to generate high and low displacement and mud mud, so it has good drainage, excellent support and resistance to load etc., and roadbed ballast. It is possible to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material having a long material life and excellent maintainability.

請求項4に記載の発明によれば、請求項1乃至3の効果に加え、
(1)列車の荷重等による摩損や破砕が生じ難く、細粒化し難いため、高低変位や噴泥が発生し難く、排水性がよく、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、道床バラスト材としての寿命が長く、メンテナンス性に優れる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
According to invention of Claim 4, in addition to the effect of Claims 1 to 3,
(1) It is difficult to cause abrasion or crushing due to the train load, etc., and it is difficult to make fine particles. Therefore, it is difficult to generate high and low displacement and mud mud, it has good drainage, and has excellent support and resistance to the train load. A method for producing a roadbed ballast material having a long life as a ballast material and excellent in maintainability can be provided.

請求項5に記載の発明によれば、請求項1乃至4の効果に加え、
(1)列車の荷重等の圧縮応力により破砕され難く、粉末化し難いため、高低変位や噴泥が発生し難く、排水性がよく、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、道床バラスト材としての寿命が長くメンテナンス性に優れる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
According to the invention of claim 5, in addition to the effects of claims 1 to 4,
(1) Since it is difficult to be pulverized and compressed by compressive stress such as train load, it is difficult to generate high and low displacement and mud mud, it has good drainage, and has excellent support and resistance against train load, etc. It is possible to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material having a long life as a material and excellent in maintainability.

請求項6に記載の発明によれば、請求項1乃至5の効果に加え、
(1)道床バラスト材の締固め密度が高く、列車の荷重等に対する支持力及び抵抗力に優れる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。
According to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the effects of claims 1 to 5,
(1) It is possible to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material in which the roadbed ballast material has a high compaction density and is excellent in supporting force and resistance to a train load and the like.

実施の形態1における道床バラスト材を用いたバラスト軌道の要部断面図Sectional drawing of the principal part of the ballast track | truck using the roadbed ballast material in Embodiment 1.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を、図面を参照しながら説明する。
なお、本発明はこの実施の形態に限定されるものではない。
(実施の形態1)
図1は、実施の形態1のバラスト軌道の断面様式図である。
1は鉄道のバラスト軌道、2はバラストの特性を備えた転炉スラグで作製された道床バラスト材、3は道床バラスト材2に保持された枕木、4は枕木3の上に敷設されたレール、5は道床バラスト材2及び枕木3、レール4を支える路盤である。
Hereinafter, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional style diagram of the ballast track of the first embodiment.
1 is a ballast track of a railroad, 2 is a roadbed ballast material made of converter slag having ballast characteristics, 3 is a sleeper held on the roadbed ballast material 2, 4 is a rail laid on the sleeper 3, Reference numeral 5 denotes a roadbed that supports the roadbed ballast material 2, the sleepers 3, and the rails 4.

以上のように構成された本実施の形態1の道床バラスト材について、以下にその製造方法を説明する。製鋼過程における、転炉での不純物の除去工程で副生され、徐冷した転炉スラグを、道床バラスト材として適した25〜65mmの粒径に破砕する。破砕した転炉スラグは、孔の開いた蒸気配管を引き込んで山積みにされ、シートを掛けた状態で、約100℃、大気圧下のもと約48時間蒸気に暴露して、蒸気エージング処理され、膨張安定化する。エージング処理後、冷却して道床バラスト材の原料にする。   About the roadbed ballast material of this Embodiment 1 comprised as mentioned above, the manufacturing method is demonstrated below. In the steelmaking process, the converter slag by-produced in the step of removing impurities in the converter and gradually cooled is crushed to a particle size of 25 to 65 mm suitable as a roadbed ballast material. The crushed converter slag is piled up by pulling the steam pipes with holes, exposed to steam at about 100 ° C under atmospheric pressure for about 48 hours with the sheet hung, and steam-aged. Stabilizes expansion. After the aging treatment, it is cooled and used as a raw material for the roadbed ballast material.

以下、本発明を実験例により具体的に説明する。なお、本発明はこれらの実験例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
25〜65mmの粒径に破砕し、蒸気エージング処理をした転炉スラグ(以下、処理済転炉スラグと記す)を道床バラスト材としての物性を確かめるため、物性試験を行った。試料は30〜40kg準備し、特別に乾燥が必要な場合を除き、自然乾燥させたものを用いた。以下、具体的に説明する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by experimental examples. The present invention is not limited to these experimental examples.
Example 1
In order to confirm the physical properties of the converter slag that was crushed to a particle size of 25 to 65 mm and steam-aged (hereinafter referred to as a treated converter slag) as a roadbed ballast material, a physical property test was performed. 30 to 40 kg of samples were prepared, and those that were naturally dried were used unless special drying was required. This will be specifically described below.

(単位容積質量)
処理済転炉スラグに細粒及び粗粒な粒子が適度に混合されているかを評価するため、以下の方法で単位容積質量を測定した。(a)あらかじめ重量を測っておいた縦×横×深さ=20cm×20cm×25cmの大きさの一面開口の方形状の試験容器をコンクリートスラブのような強固で水平な床の上に置き、転炉スラグを詰めた。(b)転炉スラグを試験容器の1/3満たす毎に、転炉スラグが密に詰まるよう、試験容器の片側を約5cm持ち上げて床を叩くように落下させた。(c)反対側も同様にし、落下回数は、片側25回で、全体で50回とした。(d)試験容器全体に転炉スラグを詰めたら、指又は定規で表面をならし、試験容器上面から出る突起が容器上面のへこみと同じくらいになるようにし、全体の重量W1(単位:kg)を測定した。
単位容積質量は、試験容器の重量をW2(単位:kg)とし、(数1)により算出した。
(Unit volume mass)
In order to evaluate whether fine grains and coarse grains are appropriately mixed in the treated converter slag, the unit volume mass was measured by the following method. (A) A test container having a square shape with a size of length × width × depth = 20 cm × 20 cm × 25 cm, which has been previously weighed, is placed on a strong and horizontal floor such as a concrete slab, Packed with converter slag. (B) Each time the converter slag was filled to 1/3 of the test vessel, one side of the test vessel was lifted about 5 cm and dropped so as to hit the floor so that the converter slag was tightly packed. (C) The same was done on the opposite side, and the number of drops was 25 times on one side, for a total of 50 times. (D) After the converter slag has been packed in the entire test vessel, level the surface with a finger or a ruler so that the protrusion protruding from the upper surface of the test vessel is about the same as the dent on the upper surface of the vessel, and the overall weight W 1 (unit: kg).
The unit volume mass was calculated by (Equation 1) with the weight of the test container being W 2 (unit: kg).

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

(吸水率)
処理済転炉スラグの吸水による劣化のし難さを評価するため、以下の方法で吸水率を測定した。(a)JIS Z 8801−1に規定する公称目開き4.75mmの金属製網篩いにとどまる有姿の転炉スラグを105±5℃の温度で一定重量になるまで乾燥させ重量(W4)を測った。(b)乾燥後転炉スラグを24時間吸水させ、水切り後、吸水性の布の上で目に見える水膜を拭い去り、表面乾燥飽水状態の重量(W3)を測定した。吸水率は、(数2)により算出した。
(Water absorption rate)
In order to evaluate the difficulty of deterioration of the treated converter slag due to water absorption, the water absorption was measured by the following method. (A) The solid converter slag staying on a metal mesh screen with a nominal opening of 4.75 mm as defined in JIS Z8801-1 is dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 105 ± 5 ° C. (W 4 ) Was measured. (B) After drying, the converter slag was allowed to absorb water for 24 hours, and after draining, the visible water film was wiped off on the water-absorbent cloth, and the weight (W 3 ) of the surface dry saturated state was measured. The water absorption was calculated by (Equation 2).

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

(摩損率)
処理済転炉スラグ同士又は枕木との叩き合いの強度を評価するため、以下の方法で摩損率を測定した。(a)処理済転炉スラグを所定の粒度分布になるようふるい分けした試料5kgを準備した。(b)この試料を、ロサンゼルス試験機を用い、毎分30〜33回転の速さで、直径約46.8mm、重量390〜445gの鋼球12個と共に1000回転させた。(c)試料を取り出し、ふるい目が1.7mmであるふるいを用いてふるった残りを水洗し、105±5℃の温度で一定重量になるまで乾燥させ、重量W5(単位:kg)を測定した。
摩損率は、(数3)により算出した。
(Wearing rate)
In order to evaluate the strength of hitting between the treated converter slags or sleepers, the wear rate was measured by the following method. (A) A 5 kg sample obtained by sieving the treated converter slag so as to have a predetermined particle size distribution was prepared. (B) The sample was rotated 1000 times with 12 steel balls having a diameter of about 46.8 mm and a weight of 390 to 445 g at a speed of 30 to 33 revolutions per minute using a Los Angeles testing machine. (C) Take out the sample, wash the screen residue using a sieve having a sieve screen of 1.7 mm, dry it to a constant weight at a temperature of 105 ± 5 ° C., and weight W 5 (unit: kg). It was measured.
The abrasion rate was calculated by (Equation 3).

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

(吸水耐圧強度)
処理済転炉スラグの吸水時の強度を評価するために、一軸圧縮試験機を用い、吸水率の測定後の試料における圧縮ひずみ及び圧縮応力を測定した。圧縮ひずみは、(数4)により、圧縮応力は、(数5)により算出した。
吸水耐圧強度は、圧縮ひずみを横軸に、圧縮応力を縦軸にとった応力−ひずみ曲線における、圧縮ひずみが15%に達するまでの圧縮応力の最大値とした。
(Water absorption pressure strength)
In order to evaluate the strength of the treated converter slag during water absorption, a uniaxial compression tester was used to measure the compressive strain and compressive stress in the sample after measuring the water absorption rate. The compressive strain was calculated by (Equation 4), and the compressive stress was calculated by (Equation 5).
The water absorption pressure strength is defined as the maximum value of the compressive stress until the compressive strain reaches 15% in the stress-strain curve with the compressive strain on the horizontal axis and the compressive stress on the vertical axis.

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

(圧縮粉砕率)
処理済転炉スラグの、枕木下状況下での強度を評価するため、以下の方法で圧縮粉砕率を測定した。(a)処理済転炉スラグを所定の粒度分布になるようふるい分けした試料を15kg準備した。(b)圧縮試験器を用いて、50tfの荷重で15〜20分間圧砕した。(c)容器内の試料を、JIS Z 8801−1に規定された目開き53.0mm、37.5mm、31.5mm、19.0mm、9.5mm、4.7mm、1.7mmの金属性網ふるいを用いてふるい分けした。
圧縮粉砕率は、圧砕前の粒度曲線と圧砕後の粒度曲線の面積差から算出した。
(Compression grinding rate)
In order to evaluate the strength of the treated converter slag under sleepers, the compression pulverization rate was measured by the following method. (A) 15 kg of a sample obtained by sieving the treated converter slag so as to have a predetermined particle size distribution was prepared. (B) Using a compression tester, the mixture was crushed for 15 to 20 minutes with a load of 50 tf. (C) The sample in the container was made of metal having an opening of 53.0 mm, 37.5 mm, 31.5 mm, 19.0 mm, 9.5 mm, 4.7 mm, 1.7 mm as defined in JIS Z8801-1. Sifted using a net sieve.
The compression pulverization rate was calculated from the area difference between the particle size curve before crushing and the particle size curve after crushing.

(硬度)
処理済転炉スラグの摩損や破砕に対する強度を評価するため、以下の方法で硬度を測定した。(a)有姿の処理済転炉スラグを準備し、重量を測定した(W6)。(b)ドリー硬さ試験器を用い、試料に1.25kgの荷重をかけ、毎分28回転する円板に接触させた。(c)試料と回転円盤の間には、石英砂を散布しながら、1000回転させた後、摩耗後の重量を測定した(W7)。
硬度は、(数6)により算出した。
(hardness)
In order to evaluate the strength of the treated converter slag against abrasion and crushing, the hardness was measured by the following method. (A) A solid treated converter slag was prepared and its weight was measured (W 6 ). (B) Using a dolly hardness tester, a load of 1.25 kg was applied to the sample and brought into contact with a disk rotating 28 times per minute. (C) The quartz sand was sprinkled between the sample and the rotating disk, and after 1000 rotations, the weight after wear was measured (W 7 ).
The hardness was calculated by (Equation 6).

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

(形状)
処理済転炉スラグの全体の形状を評価するため、以下の方法で細長度及び偏平度を測定した。単位体積重量を測定した後の試料において、(表1)に示す目開きのふるいでふるい分けし、各粒子の最長辺、最短辺の長さを測定した。(表1)に示す各ふるい目の細長度における制限値より長いものの重量をそれぞれWL53.0、WL37.5、WL31.5、WL19.0とし、偏平度における基準値より短いものの重量をそれぞれWS53.0、WS37.5、WS31.5、WS19.0とし、細長度及び偏平度の測定に用いた試料の全体重量をW8とした。
細長度及び偏平度は、(数7)及び(数8)により算出した。
(shape)
In order to evaluate the overall shape of the treated converter slag, the slenderness and flatness were measured by the following methods. In the sample after measuring the unit volume weight, it was screened with the sieve of the opening shown in (Table 1), and the length of the longest side and the shortest side of each particle was measured. The weights longer than the limit values in the slenderness of each sieve shown in Table 1 are WL53.0, WL37.5, WL31.5, and WL19.0, respectively, and the weights shorter than the standard value in flatness are WS53. .0, WS37.5, WS31.5, and WS19.0, and the entire weight of the sample used for the measurement of the elongated degree and flatness and W 8.
The slenderness and flatness were calculated by (Equation 7) and (Equation 8).

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

(比較例1)
物性試験の試料として、前記粒度試験で得られた粒径25〜63mmの高炉スラグを30〜40kg準備し、実施例1と同様に物性試験を行った。
(Comparative Example 1)
30 to 40 kg of blast furnace slag having a particle size of 25 to 63 mm obtained in the particle size test was prepared as a sample for the physical property test, and the physical property test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

(比較例2)
物性試験の試料として、前記粒度試験で得られた粒径25〜63mmの砕石を30〜40kg準備し、実施例1と同様に物性試験を行った。
(Comparative Example 2)
30 to 40 kg of crushed stone having a particle size of 25 to 63 mm obtained in the particle size test was prepared as a sample for the physical property test, and the physical property test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

以上の物性試験における、実施例1と比較例1及び2の試験結果を表2に示す。   Table 2 shows the test results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in the above physical property test.

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

表2より、鉄鋼スラグの中でも、道床バラスト材として用いられることがあった高炉スラグよりも、処理済転炉スラグの物性値は優れていることが分かった。また、通常、道床バラスト材として用いられている砕石と比べても、処理済転炉スラグの物性値は優れていることが分かった。この結果から、処理済転炉スラグを用いる道床バラスト材は、列車等の荷重による支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、細粒化し難く、排水性に優れるとことが示され、特に吸水性の面では砕石よりも優れていることが確認できた。   From Table 2, it was found that the physical property values of the treated converter slag were superior to the blast furnace slag that was sometimes used as a roadbed ballast material among steel slags. Moreover, it turned out that the physical property value of a processed converter slag is excellent also compared with the crushed stone normally used as a roadbed ballast material. From this result, it is shown that the roadbed ballast material using the treated converter slag is excellent in supporting force and resistance due to the load of trains, etc., difficult to be finely divided, and excellent in drainage, especially in terms of water absorption It was confirmed that it was superior to crushed stone.

また、実施例1の物性試験結果と道床バラスト材の財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所の定めている石質基準を表3に示す。尚、要特認の欄の値は、地域条件などにより、原則の物性値のものが得られない場合の特別規準を意味する。   In addition, Table 3 shows the physical property test results of Example 1 and the stone quality standards set by the Railway Technical Research Institute of the roadbed ballast material. In addition, the value in the special approval column means a special criterion when the physical property value in principle cannot be obtained due to regional conditions.

Figure 2013001635
Figure 2013001635

表3から、全ての項目で道床バラスト材の基準値を十分に満たしていることが示された。また、基準値と比べても、特に吸水性の面で優れていることが確認できた。   From Table 3, it was shown that all the items sufficiently satisfied the standard values for the roadbed ballast material. Further, it was confirmed that the water absorption was particularly excellent as compared with the reference value.

(実施例2)
自社敷地内のバラスト軌道において、実施例1の処理済転炉スラグを道床バラスト材として延べ1kmに渡り施工した。
(Example 2)
In the ballast track in the company site, the treated converter slag of Example 1 was constructed over 1 km as a roadbed ballast material.

施工後のバラスト軌道は、5年経過後も軌道の変位や枕木の移動は生じておらず、細粒化もせず噴泥等は生じていなかった。また、雑草の発生も見られなかった。   After the construction, the ballast track after construction did not cause any displacement of the track or movement of sleepers, and it did not become finer and no mud was generated. Moreover, no weeds were observed.

本発明は、エージング処理を施した転炉スラグを用いることにより、吸水率、吸水耐圧度、圧縮粉砕率、単位容積質量等の物性がよく、支持力及び抵抗力に優れ、砕石に比べ安価であり、製鉄所から毎日排出される副産物を有効利用し、地産地消の循環型社会を形成することができるとともに、安定した品質を確保でき、砕石を用いないため、岩石を採掘する必要がないので、省資源や省エネルギー、CO2の削減に繋がり、自然環境を保護できる道床バラスト材の製造方法を提供することができる。 By using converter slag that has been subjected to aging treatment, the present invention has good physical properties such as water absorption rate, water absorption pressure resistance, compression pulverization rate, unit volume mass, etc., excellent bearing capacity and resistance, and cheaper than crushed stone. Yes, by-products discharged daily from steelworks can be used effectively to form a recycling-oriented society for local production for local consumption, as well as to ensure stable quality and to avoid the use of crushed stones, eliminating the need to mine rocks Therefore, it is possible to provide a method for producing a roadbed ballast material that leads to resource saving, energy saving, CO 2 reduction, and can protect the natural environment.

1 軌道
2 道床バラスト材
3 枕木
4 レール
5 路盤
1 Track 2 Roadbed Ballast Material 3 Sleepers 4 Rail 5 Roadbed

Claims (6)

徐冷後の転炉スラグを破砕して粒度を調整した粒度調整スラグを得る破砕工程と、前記粒度調整スラグを山積みにして耐熱性のあるシート状で覆う積山工程と、前記積山工程で山積みにされた前記粒度調整スラグの下部側から蒸気を供給することで促進エージング処理を行うエージング工程と、を備えることを特徴とする道床バラスト材の製造方法。   A crushing step of crushing the converter slag after slow cooling to obtain a particle size-adjusted slag whose particle size has been adjusted, a pile-up step in which the particle-size-adjusted slag is piled up and covered with a heat-resistant sheet, And an aging step of performing accelerated aging treatment by supplying steam from a lower side of the particle size adjusting slag, wherein the method for producing a roadbed ballast material is provided. 前記道床バラスト材であって、a)吸水率が5%以下、b)吸水耐圧強度が0.6t/cm2以上、c)単位容積重量が1.1t/m3以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法。 The roadbed ballast material is characterized in that a) water absorption is 5% or less, b) water absorption pressure strength is 0.6 t / cm 2 or more, and c) unit volume weight is 1.1 t / m 3 or more. The method for producing a roadbed ballast material according to claim 1. 前記道床バラスト材であって、摩損率が35%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法。   The method for producing a roadbed ballast material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the roadbed ballast material has a wear rate of 35% or less. 前記道床バラスト材であって、硬度が14以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の内いずれか1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法。   The method for producing a roadbed ballast material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the roadbed ballast material has a hardness of 14 or more. 前記道床バラスト材であって、圧縮粉砕率が30%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の内いずれか1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法の製造方法。   The method for producing a roadbed ballast material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the roadbed ballast material has a compression pulverization rate of 30% or less. 前記道床バラスト材であって、形状において、細長度が60%以下、偏平度が45%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5の内いずれか1に記載の道床バラスト材の製造方法。
6. The method for producing a roadbed ballast material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the roadbed ballast material has a slenderness of 60% or less and a flatness of 45% or less in shape. .
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5975367B1 (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-08-23 日本貨物鉄道株式会社 Roadbed material and pavement structure
JP2016211225A (en) * 2015-05-08 2016-12-15 鹿島建設株式会社 Pile building-up method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016211225A (en) * 2015-05-08 2016-12-15 鹿島建設株式会社 Pile building-up method
JP5975367B1 (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-08-23 日本貨物鉄道株式会社 Roadbed material and pavement structure

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