JP2012254426A - Apparatus for methane fermentation of biomass - Google Patents

Apparatus for methane fermentation of biomass Download PDF

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JP2012254426A
JP2012254426A JP2011129935A JP2011129935A JP2012254426A JP 2012254426 A JP2012254426 A JP 2012254426A JP 2011129935 A JP2011129935 A JP 2011129935A JP 2011129935 A JP2011129935 A JP 2011129935A JP 2012254426 A JP2012254426 A JP 2012254426A
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Daido Sawahara
大道 澤原
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Tsukishima Kikai Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently raise a digested sludge solid concentration and enhance the sludge treatment capability in a digestion step by mixing a fluid biomass and a non-fluid biomass basically in a pump and piping and charging the mixture in a digestion tank.SOLUTION: This apparatus includes: a fluid biomass feeder pump 4 which supplies a fluid biomass, a screw conveyance part 11 which makes a non-fluid biomass 2 to be dropped from the lower part of a temporary reservoir to be confluent with the fluid biomass, and conveys the confluent fluid in one direction, a confluent loading pump 10 including a conveyance pump part 12 which is connected with the screw conveyance part 11 and quantitatively conveys and sends out the confluent fluid, a digested sludge circulation path 20 for circulating back the digested sludge pulled out of a digestive tank 30, and a mixing and loading means 23 which sends the confluent fluid into a circulation channel including the circulation path and the digestive tank from the confluent loading pump 10.

Description

本発明は、複数のバイオマス処理するメタン発酵装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a methane fermentation apparatus for processing a plurality of biomasses.

下水汚泥(初沈汚泥、余剰汚泥)、工場排水処理汚泥、し尿、浄化槽汚泥、食品廃棄物(生ごみ、おからなど)、家畜糞尿などのバイオマスが、消化タンクに投入され嫌気性消化されることにより減容化、衛生化され、その有機物が最終的にメタンや二酸化炭素を主成分とする消化ガスに転換されることが知られている。   Biomass such as sewage sludge (primary sludge, surplus sludge), factory wastewater treatment sludge, human waste, septic tank sludge, food waste (garbage, okara, etc.), livestock manure, etc. is input to the digestion tank and anaerobically digested It is known that the organic matter is finally converted into digestion gas mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide.

この場合、固形物が微生物作用を受けやすい形態に変化する加水分解速度と、メタン生成菌(加水分解物の酸発酵で生成した有機酸をメタンに変換する)の増殖速度が消化工程の律速段階(化学反応などの動的過程がいくつかの過程により構成されているとき、これらの中で全過程の進行速度に最も大きい影響を持つ過程)と考えられている。   In this case, the rate of hydrolysis of the solid matter is changed to a form susceptible to microbial action, and the growth rate of the methanogen (converting the organic acid produced by acid fermentation of the hydrolyzate to methane) is the rate-limiting step of the digestion process. (When a dynamic process such as a chemical reaction is composed of several processes, the process having the greatest influence on the progress speed of all the processes among them).

中温消化(35〜38℃)の場合、加水分解速度が比較的遅い下水汚泥では、消化率50%(消化タンクに投入された有機物の50%が消化ガスに変換された状態)を得るために消化日数(投入汚泥の空間滞在時間)20〜30日、 加水分解速度が比較的速い食品廃棄物の場合は5〜10日が要求されることが知られている。   In the case of intermediate temperature digestion (35 to 38 ° C.), in order to obtain a digestion rate of 50% (a state in which 50% of the organic substances put into the digestion tank is converted into digestion gas) in sewage sludge having a relatively slow hydrolysis rate. It is known that the digestion days (time spent in the space of the input sludge) is 20 to 30 days, and in the case of food waste with a relatively fast hydrolysis rate, 5 to 10 days are required.

しかるに、処理する消化タンクは所定の容積を有するため、前記の要求消化日数を満たし、かつ、処理量を増大させるためには、投入スラリーの固形物濃度を向上させる(固形物を濃縮する)手法が有効である。   However, since the digestion tank to be processed has a predetermined volume, in order to satisfy the required digestion days and increase the processing amount, the solids concentration of the input slurry is improved (solids are concentrated). Is effective.

バイオマスを安定して処理するために、消化汚泥の固形物濃度を監視し投入スラリー中の水分量を制御する手法(特許文献1:特開2006−150253)、乾式メタン発酵を指向して、固形物濃度15%以上の固形状の有機性廃棄物と固形物濃度15%以下の消化汚泥を混合して消化タンクへ投入する手法(特許文献2:特開2007−98228)などが知られている。   In order to stably process biomass, the solid content concentration of digested sludge is monitored and the amount of water in the input slurry is controlled (Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-150253). A method is known in which solid organic waste having a solid concentration of 15% or more and digested sludge having a solid concentration of 15% or less are mixed and introduced into a digestion tank (Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-98228). .

しかしながら、特許文献1(特開2006−150253)記載の生ごみに水を加えてから消化タンクに投入する手法では、消化タンク投入前に混合槽において生ごみと水、および消化汚泥のpHを制御するためのアルカリを混合してスラリーを製造する必要がある。また、易分解性有機物の割合が高い生ごみを投入する場合は、消化汚泥中の固形物濃度を維持するために大量の生ごみを投入する必要がある。そのため、混合槽内において供給可能な流動性を有するスラリーを大量に製造しなければならず、混合槽や前段に必要な生ごみ貯留設備の必要容積が大きくなってしまう問題があった。   However, in the method of adding water to the garbage described in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-150253) and then throwing it into the digestion tank, the pH of the garbage and water and digested sludge is controlled in the mixing tank before the digestion tank is charged. It is necessary to produce a slurry by mixing the alkali for the purpose. Moreover, when throwing away garbage with a high proportion of readily degradable organic matter, it is necessary to throw in a large amount of garbage in order to maintain the solid matter concentration in the digested sludge. Therefore, a large amount of slurry having fluidity that can be supplied in the mixing tank has to be manufactured, and there is a problem that the required volume of the garbage storage facility required for the mixing tank and the preceding stage is increased.

ところで汚泥等有機物の高濃度スラリーは、固形物濃度が4〜6%程度(ただし、性状に依存する)の領域を超えると流動性が失われることが知られている。また、消化工程においてはメタン生成菌等との接触頻度が処理能力を左右するため、消化タンク内の消化汚泥についても流動性が得られる程度の固形物濃度であることが望ましい。   By the way, it is known that the high-concentration slurry of organic matter such as sludge loses its fluidity when the solid concentration exceeds the region of about 4 to 6% (however, depending on the properties). Further, in the digestion process, since the contact frequency with the methanogen or the like influences the processing capability, it is desirable that the concentration of solids is such that fluidity can be obtained even for digested sludge in the digestion tank.

従来より下水処理設備では、初沈汚泥を重力濃縮、余剰汚泥を機械濃縮(遠心分離やベルト濃縮など)し、濃縮汚泥を得た後、消化タンクへ投入するケースが多いが、従来技術では固形物濃度が4〜6%程度を超えると濃縮汚泥が流動性を失い消化タンクへ投入することが困難であった。消化タンクの必要な容量は、消化日数と投入汚泥量で決定されるため、投入汚泥側の濃度上限が消化タンク処理能力の上限を決定していた。また、投入汚泥中の易分解性有機物量が増加すると消化汚泥中の固形物量が減少するなど、分解性の変動に適合した投入汚泥固形物濃度の調整ができないため、消化汚泥中の固形物濃度が自然に変動していた。さらに、消化ガス発生に寄与しない水分を固形物の代わりに投入し、熱エネルギーを消費してこの水分を加温するという非効率な状態となっていた。   In conventional sewage treatment facilities, there are many cases where the primary sludge is concentrated by gravity and surplus sludge is mechanically concentrated (centrifugation, belt concentration, etc.) to obtain concentrated sludge, which is then put into the digestion tank. When the product concentration exceeds about 4 to 6%, the concentrated sludge loses fluidity and it is difficult to put it into the digestion tank. Since the required capacity of the digestion tank is determined by the number of days of digestion and the amount of sludge input, the upper limit of concentration on the input sludge side determined the upper limit of digestion tank treatment capacity. In addition, as the amount of readily degradable organic matter in the input sludge increases, the amount of solid matter in the digested sludge decreases. Was naturally fluctuating. In addition, moisture that does not contribute to the generation of digestion gas is introduced instead of solids, and heat energy is consumed to heat this moisture.

特開2006−150253JP 2006-150253 A 特開2007−98228JP2007-98228

したがって、本発明が解決しようとする主たる課題は、消化タンク中の消化汚泥固形物濃度を高め、より詳しくは、非流動性バイオマスと流動性バイオマスを、基本的にポンプおよび配管内で混合し消化タンクへ投入することにより、過大な設備を有することなく効率よく消化汚泥固形物濃度を高め、消化工程の汚泥処理能力を高めることにある。   Therefore, the main problem to be solved by the present invention is to increase the concentration of digested sludge solids in the digestion tank. More specifically, non-fluid biomass and fluid biomass are basically mixed in the pump and piping to digest. It is to increase the digested sludge solids concentration efficiently and increase the sludge treatment capacity in the digestion process by introducing into the tank without having excessive facilities.

この課題を解決した本発明は、次の通りである。
[請求項1記載の発明]
流動性バイオマスを供給する流動性バイオマス供給ポンプと、
流動性バイオマス供給ポンプから供給された流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを内部において合流させその合流液を一方向に移送するスクリュー移送部と、このスクリュー移送部に連なり前記合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部とを有する合流投入ポンプと、
消化タンクから引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路と、
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に、前記合流投入ポンプから前記合流液を送出する混合投入手段と、を有する
ことを特徴とするバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
The present invention that has solved this problem is as follows.
[Invention of Claim 1]
A fluid biomass supply pump for supplying fluid biomass;
A screw transfer unit that joins fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass supplied from a fluid biomass supply pump inside and transfers the merged liquid in one direction, and is connected to the screw transfer unit to quantitatively analyze the merged liquid. A confluence injection pump having a transfer pump section for transferring and delivering;
A digested sludge circulation path for circulating and returning digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank;
A biomass methane fermentation apparatus, comprising: a mixing input unit that sends out the combined liquid from the combined input pump in a circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank.

(作用効果)
合流投入ポンプのスクリュー移送部において、流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを合流させる。この場合、非流動性バイオマスの固まりが流動性バイオマスによっていわば濡れた状態になり、これがスクリュー移送部による移送力により、スクリュー移送部に連なる移送ポンプ部に円滑に送られる。移送ポンプ部では定量的に合流液を移送し、循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に送出する。
その結果、たとえば、消化タンクとは別に設けた調整タンク内において、非流動性バイオマスに対して流動性バイオマスを大量に添加し、低濃度スラリー液を消化タンク内に投入する場合に比較して、高濃度の合流液を循環経路内に投入できるので、消化汚泥固形物濃度を高めることができ、消化工程での汚泥処理能力を最大限に高めることができる。
もっとも、非流動性バイオマスをポンプ輸送できないわけではないが、通常は、圧力損失が過大であり、ポンプ吐出圧や消費動力も非常に大きくなり、また、配管内の輸送速度を十分に低下させるため配管径を非常に大きくする必要がある。これに対し、本発明によると、前述のように、非流動性バイオマスの固まりと各装置や配管との接触面に流動性バイオマスに入り込むことによっていわば濡れた状態になり、これがスクリュー移送部による移送力により、スクリュー移送部に連なる移送ポンプ部に円滑に送られるので、圧力損失分がきわめて小さく、円滑な輸送を行なうことができ、消費動力や配管材料のコスト低減を達成できる。
他方、たとえば調整槽内において、非流動性バイオマスと流動性バイオマスとを混合して、定量ポンプに移行させ、循環路に投入することも考えられるが、調整槽出口や定量ポンプ入り口などでの閉塞防止のため、撹拌装置などを設け十分な混合を行い、混合液中の固形物の粒径を小さくするとともに均一に拡散させる必要がある。これに対し、本発明の形態では、非流動性バイオマスの固まりと各装置や配管との接触面に流動性バイオマスが入り込むことによっていわば濡れた状態としながら、スクリュー移送部により順次移送するので、別途撹拌装置などを設けなくともスクリュー移送部などでの閉塞を防止することができ、調整槽の設置も基本的に不要となる。
(Function and effect)
In the screw transfer part of the merging charge pump, fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass are merged. In this case, the mass of the non-fluid biomass is in a wet state due to the fluid biomass, and this is smoothly fed to the transfer pump unit connected to the screw transfer unit by the transfer force of the screw transfer unit. The transfer pump unit quantitatively transfers the combined liquid and sends it out into the circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank.
As a result, for example, in a adjustment tank provided separately from the digestion tank, a large amount of fluid biomass is added to non-fluid biomass, and compared with a case where a low-concentration slurry is introduced into the digestion tank, Since a high-concentration combined liquid can be introduced into the circulation path, the concentration of digested sludge solids can be increased, and the sludge treatment capacity in the digestion process can be maximized.
Of course, it is not impossible to pump non-fluid biomass, but usually the pressure loss is excessive, the pump discharge pressure and power consumption become very large, and the transportation speed in the pipe is sufficiently reduced. The pipe diameter needs to be very large. On the other hand, according to the present invention, as described above, the fluidized biomass enters the contact surface between the mass of non-fluidized biomass and each device or pipe, so that it becomes wet, and this is transferred by the screw transfer unit. Since the force is smoothly sent to the transfer pump unit connected to the screw transfer unit, the pressure loss is extremely small, smooth transportation can be performed, and power consumption and cost reduction of piping materials can be achieved.
On the other hand, for example, in a regulating tank, it is possible to mix non-fluid biomass and fluid biomass, transfer to a metering pump, and put it into a circulation path, but blockage at the regulating tank outlet, metering pump inlet, etc. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to provide a stirrer or the like and perform sufficient mixing to reduce the particle size of the solid matter in the mixed solution and uniformly diffuse it. On the other hand, in the form of the present invention, while the fluid biomass enters the contact surface between the mass of non-fluid biomass and each device and piping, it is in a wet state, so that it is sequentially transferred by the screw transfer unit. Even if a stirrer is not provided, blockage at the screw transfer section or the like can be prevented, and installation of an adjustment tank is basically unnecessary.

[請求項2記載の発明]
流動性バイオマスを供給する流動性バイオマス供給ポンプと、
流動性バイオマス供給ポンプから供給された流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを内部において合流させその合流液を一方向に移送するスクリュー移送部と、このスクリュー移送部に連なり前記合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部とを有する合流投入ポンプと、
消化タンクから引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路と、
前記循環路に設けた消化汚泥の温度制御手段と、
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に、前記合流投入ポンプから前記合流液を送出する混合投入手段と、
前記循環路内に設けられ前記循環路を循環する投入液を破砕処理する汚泥破砕機と、を有する
ことを特徴とするバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 2]
A fluid biomass supply pump for supplying fluid biomass;
A screw transfer unit that joins fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass supplied from a fluid biomass supply pump inside and transfers the merged liquid in one direction, and is connected to the screw transfer unit to quantitatively analyze the merged liquid. A confluence injection pump having a transfer pump section for transferring and delivering;
A digested sludge circulation path for circulating and returning digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank;
Temperature control means of digested sludge provided in the circulation path;
In the circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank, mixing and charging means for sending the combined liquid from the combined charging pump;
And a sludge crusher provided in the circulation path for crushing the input liquid circulating in the circulation path. A biomass methane fermentation apparatus, comprising:

(作用効果)
本発明において、好適には、流動性バイオマスが非流動性バイオマスの3倍以上の流量を有し、合流投入ポンプ内で特段の破砕処理を行わないことが望ましい。そのため、循環路に投入される合流液は、非流動性バイオマスのいくつもの固まりが流動性バイオマスに浮かんでいる状態となって循環路内まで輸送される。
合流液が消化汚泥と合流すると、非流動性バイオマスの固まりと流動性バイオマス消化汚泥とが混合された状態で循環路内を流れる。
この発明においては、循環路に消化汚泥の温度制御手段を設けた。これによって、合流液と消化汚泥が混合した投入液を予め加温してから消化タンクへ投入することにより、消化汚泥の温度低下(一般に合流液温度は消化汚泥温度より低い)に伴う菌群の能力低下を防止することができる。
さらに、循環路内に汚泥破砕機を設けることで、非流動性バイオマスの固まり、および消化汚泥が細かく破砕されると同時に、非流動性バイオマス、流動性バイオマス、消化汚泥を循環路内で効果的に混合できる。さらに消化汚泥により合流液が希釈された状態で破砕機に供給されるため、合流液や非流動性バイオマスを直接汚泥破砕機に投入する場合と比較して破砕羽根など破砕機構の摩耗や目詰まりを減少させることができる。
(Function and effect)
In the present invention, it is preferable that the flowable biomass has a flow rate of three times or more that of the non-flowable biomass, and that no special crushing treatment is performed in the combined charging pump. Therefore, the combined liquid thrown into the circulation path is transported into the circulation path in a state where a large number of non-flowable biomasses are floating in the flowable biomass.
When the combined liquid joins the digested sludge, it flows in the circulation path in a state where the mass of non-fluid biomass and the fluid biomass digested sludge are mixed.
In the present invention, digestion sludge temperature control means is provided in the circulation path. In this way, the temperature of the digested sludge (generally, the temperature of the combined fluid is lower than the digested sludge temperature) can be reduced by preheating the input fluid mixed with the combined fluid and digested sludge and then introducing it into the digestion tank. Capability reduction can be prevented.
In addition, by installing a sludge crusher in the circulation path, non-fluid biomass lump and digested sludge are finely crushed, and at the same time, non-fluid biomass, fluid biomass and digested sludge are effectively removed in the circulation path. Can be mixed. Furthermore, because the combined liquid is supplied to the crusher in a state diluted with digested sludge, the crushing mechanism such as the crushing blade is worn or clogged compared to the case where the combined liquid or non-fluid biomass is directly fed into the sludge crusher. Can be reduced.

[請求項3記載の発明]
流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを合流させる合流貯槽と、この合流貯槽の下部開口に連通して、合流液を受入れその合流液を一方向に移送するスクリュー移送部と、このスクリュー移送部に連なり前記合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部とを有する合流投入ポンプと、
消化タンクから引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路と、
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に、前記合流投入ポンプから前記合流液を送出する混合投入手段と、を有する
ことを特徴とするバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 3]
A confluence storage tank that combines fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass, a screw transfer section that communicates with the lower opening of the confluence storage tank, receives the merge liquid, and transfers the merge liquid in one direction, and the screw transfer section. A merging input pump having a transfer pump unit for quantitatively transferring and delivering the merging liquid;
A digested sludge circulation path for circulating and returning digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank;
A biomass methane fermentation apparatus, comprising: a mixing input unit that sends out the combined liquid from the combined input pump in a circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank.

(作用効果)
本発明は、流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとの合流を、合流投入ポンプのスクリュー移送部において実施する請求項1及び2の形態のほか、スクリュー移送部の前段に、流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとの合流させる合流貯槽を設け、この合流貯槽の下部開口をスクリュー移送部に直接的に連通させる形態でもよい。本形態によれば、スクリュー移送部によって合流液を連続的に移送するので、合流貯槽において流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを合流させた場合に貯槽内でブリッジ等が生じることなく混合液を移送することができる。
(Function and effect)
According to the present invention, the fluid biomass and the non-fluid biomass are merged in the screw transfer unit of the merge input pump, and the fluid biomass and the non-flow are provided at the front stage of the screw transfer unit. It is also possible to provide a merging storage tank that merges with the biomass, and the lower opening of the merging storage tank directly communicates with the screw transfer section. According to this embodiment, since the combined liquid is continuously transferred by the screw transfer unit, when the fluid biomass and the non-flowable biomass are combined in the combined storage tank, the mixed liquid is generated without causing a bridge or the like in the storage tank. Can be transported.

[請求項4記載の発明]
前記循環路には熱媒を用いて前記投入液を加温する間接熱交換器を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 4]
The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the circulation path has an indirect heat exchanger that heats the input liquid using a heat medium.

[請求項5記載の発明]
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内の消化汚泥の固形物濃度測定値に基づき、その固形物濃度が所定の範囲内に維持されるように前記合流投入ポンプからの前記合流液の固形物濃度を調整する手段を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 5]
Based on the solids concentration measurement value of the digested sludge in the circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank, the solids of the merged liquid from the merge input pump so that the solids concentration is maintained within a predetermined range. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for adjusting the concentration.

[請求項6記載の発明]
前記合流液の固形物濃度を調整する手段が、前記流動性バイオマスの流量を調節することにより行なうものである請求項5記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 6]
6. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for adjusting the solid concentration of the combined liquid is performed by adjusting a flow rate of the fluid biomass.

[請求項7記載の発明]
前記流動性バイオマス供給ポンプが定量ポンプであり、回転数制御が可能なものである請求項1または2項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 7]
3. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluid biomass supply pump is a metering pump and is capable of rotating speed control. 4.

(作用効果)
請求項5〜7に関連して濃度制御を説明する。
本発明の形態として、合流投入ポンプおよび循環路に設ける循環ポンプの流量を固定することができる。そして、合流投入ポンプおよび循環路に設ける循環ポンプの流量を固定した状態で流動性バイオマス供給ポンプの流量を増加させると合流投入ポンプ内を通過する流動性バイオマス量が増加し、ホッパから投下されるなどして供給される非流動性バイオマスの合流投入ポンプから送出される量が減少する。逆に流動性バイオマス供給ポンプ流量を低下させれば非流動性バイオマスの流量が増加する。非流動性バイオマス送出量の増減により投入液の固形物濃度が上下する。
流動性バイオマス供給ポンプ流量は、消化汚泥の固形物濃度の測定結果で判断する。このように、合流投入ポンプおよび循環路に設ける循環ポンプの流量を固定し、流動性バイオマス供給ポンプ流量のみを操作することで合流液の固形物濃度を簡易的、実用的に制御することが可能となる。
消化汚泥中の固形物濃度が変動し、投入液中の固形物濃度を調整する場合でも、合流投入ポンプ流量が固定されているため、消化日数を一定に保ち、消化タンク内のメタン生成菌数が維持される。
ここで、消化汚泥固形物濃度の減少は、消化タンクに対する有機物負荷が低いためであり、逆に消化汚泥固形物濃度の増加は有機物負荷が高いことを意味する。
よって、消化汚泥固形物濃度を所定のレベルに制御することにより、投入液の有機物負荷に適応した最大処理能力で運転する状況を常に作ることができる。
(Function and effect)
The density control will be described in relation to claims 5 to 7.
As a form of the present invention, the flow rate of the merging charge pump and the circulation pump provided in the circulation path can be fixed. When the flow rate of the fluid biomass supply pump is increased with the flow rate of the merging charge pump and the circulation pump provided in the circulation path fixed, the amount of fluid biomass passing through the merging charge pump increases and is dropped from the hopper. For example, the amount of non-fluid biomass supplied from the merging input pump is reduced. Conversely, if the flow rate of the fluid biomass supply pump is lowered, the flow rate of the non-fluid biomass increases. The solids concentration of the input liquid rises and falls as the amount of non-fluid biomass delivered increases and decreases.
The flow rate of the fluid biomass supply pump is determined from the measurement result of the solid matter concentration of the digested sludge. In this way, it is possible to easily and practically control the solid matter concentration of the combined liquid by fixing the flow rate of the combined pump and the circulating pump provided in the circulation path and operating only the flow rate of the fluid biomass supply pump It becomes.
Even if the solids concentration in the digested sludge varies and the solids concentration in the input liquid is adjusted, the flow rate of the combined input pump is fixed, so the number of methane producing bacteria in the digestion tank is kept constant. Is maintained.
Here, the decrease in the digested sludge solids concentration is due to a low organic matter load on the digestion tank, and conversely, an increase in the digested sludge solids concentration means a high organic matter load.
Therefore, by controlling the digested sludge solids concentration to a predetermined level, it is possible to always create a situation of operating with the maximum processing capacity adapted to the organic load of the input liquid.

[請求項8記載の発明]
前記合流投入ポンプの構造が、
ケーシングの上方が開口し、落下する非流動性バイオマスを受入れ、ケーシングの一部に前記流動性バイオマスの投入口を有し、内部にスクリュー回転軸を有するスクリュー移送部と、
二条雌ネジ空間内を有するステータ内に、一条雄ネジであるローターを回動自在に嵌挿した一軸ねじ式ポンプである移送ポンプ部とを有する請求項1または2項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
[Invention of Claim 8]
The structure of the merge input pump is as follows:
An upper part of the casing is opened, accepts falling non-fluid biomass, has a feeding port of the fluid biomass in a part of the casing, and a screw transfer unit having a screw rotating shaft inside,
The biomass methane fermentation according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a transfer pump portion that is a uniaxial screw pump in which a rotor that is a single-thread male screw is rotatably inserted in a stator having a double-thread female screw space. apparatus.

本発明によると、消化タンク中の消化汚泥固形物濃度を高め、より詳しくは、非流動性バイオマスと流動性バイオマスを、基本的にポンプおよび配管内で混合し消化タンクへ投入することにより、過大な設備を設けることなく、効率よく消化汚泥固形物濃度を高め、消化工程の汚泥処理能力を高めることができる。   According to the present invention, the concentration of digested sludge solids in the digestion tank is increased, and more specifically, non-fluid biomass and fluid biomass are basically mixed in a pump and piping and put into the digestion tank. Without providing any facilities, it is possible to efficiently increase the concentration of digested sludge solids and increase the sludge treatment capacity of the digestion process.

次に、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。なお、以下に示す実施の形態の説明は、本質的な例示に過ぎず、本発明、その適用あるいはその用途を制限することを意図するものではない。   Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Note that the following description of the embodiment is merely an exemplification, and is not intended to limit the present invention, its application, or its use.

図1は第1の実施の形態を示したもので、流動性バイオマス1と非流動性バイオマス2とを、合流投入ポンプ10において合流させ、合流液を定量的に移送しかつ循環路20に送出するものである。
ここで、流動性バイオマス1には、たとえば重力濃縮汚泥や生ゴミを破砕機などによる粉砕また可溶化処理などによりスラリー状に処理した生ゴミスラリーなどがあり、固形物濃度が4%程度以下のものを言う。非流動性バイオマス2は、たとえば超高濃度濃縮汚泥や脱水汚泥、固形食品残渣などであり、固形物濃度が20%程度以下のものを言う。その下限は好適には10%、より望ましくは8%である。
流動性バイオマス1は貯留槽3から流動性バイオマス供給ポンプ4により、合流投入ポンプ10のスクリュー移送部11にポンプ移送され、投入される。
ここで流動性バイオマス供給ポンプ4は、定量ポンプ、特に容易に定量性が得られる一軸ねじ式ポンプの採用が望ましい。
また、流動性バイオマスが下水処理場における濃縮汚泥である場合、重力濃縮槽を貯留槽3とすることができる。
他方、非流動性バイオマス2は、たとえばホッパ5から重力落下され、スクリュー移送部11に投入される。
なお、ホッパ5としては、車両搬入する場外脱水汚泥等の受入ホッパと兼用することができる。合流投入ポンプ10へ円滑に非流動性バイオマスを投下するためにホッパ下部には、排出用スクリューを内蔵することが望ましい
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment, in which a fluid biomass 1 and a non-fluid biomass 2 are merged by a merge input pump 10, and the merged liquid is quantitatively transferred and sent to a circulation path 20. To do.
Here, the flowable biomass 1 includes, for example, raw garbage slurry obtained by processing gravity-concentrated sludge or raw garbage into a slurry form by crushing or solubilizing with a crusher or the like, and the solid matter concentration is about 4% or less. Say things. The non-fluid biomass 2 is, for example, ultra-high concentration concentrated sludge, dehydrated sludge, solid food residue, or the like, and refers to a solid matter concentration of about 20% or less. The lower limit is preferably 10%, more preferably 8%.
The fluid biomass 1 is pumped from the storage tank 3 by the fluid biomass supply pump 4 to the screw transfer unit 11 of the merging input pump 10 and input.
Here, it is desirable that the fluid biomass supply pump 4 is a metering pump, particularly a single screw screw pump that can easily obtain a quantitative property.
Moreover, when fluid biomass is the concentrated sludge in a sewage treatment plant, the gravity concentration tank can be used as the storage tank 3.
On the other hand, the non-fluid biomass 2 is gravity dropped from, for example, the hopper 5 and charged into the screw transfer unit 11.
In addition, as the hopper 5, it can serve as receiving hoppers, such as an off-site dewatering sludge which carries in a vehicle. In order to smoothly drop non-flowable biomass into the merging and charging pump 10, it is desirable to incorporate a discharging screw at the bottom of the hopper.

合流投入ポンプ10としては、定量ポンプ、特に容易に定量性が得られる一軸ねじ式ポンプ採用が望ましい。合流投入ポンプ10は、たとえば非流動性バイオマスをポンプ部上面から受け入れ、同時に流動性バイオマスをポンプ部側面から受け入れ、特段の破砕混合を行うことなく合流液として送出し、消化汚泥系内に投入する。流動性バイオマス供給ポンプ4が停止する際は必ず合流投入ポンプ10を停止するように連動させることが望ましい。合流投入ポンプ10の構造例を図2〜図4に示す。合流投入ポンプ10は、駆動モータ13によって駆動回転される、スクリュー移送部11と、このスクリュー移送部11に連なり合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部12を有している。
より具体的には、スクリュー移送部11は、ケーシング11Aの上方が開口し、落下する非流動性バイオマス2を受入れ、ケーシング11Aの一部に流動性バイオマス2の投入口11Bを有し、内部にスクリュー回転軸11Cを有する。
移送ポンプ部12は、ステータ12Aに形成された二条雌ネジ空間12B内に、ロータとしての一条雄ネジ12Cが設けられた一軸偏心ポンプ構造を有する。
合流投入ポンプにおける流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスの合流割合は、3:1〜10:1程度とし、合流後の固形物濃度が4〜6%程度とすることが良い。
As the confluence injection pump 10, it is desirable to use a metering pump, particularly a uniaxial screw type pump that can easily obtain a quantitative property. The combined injection pump 10 receives, for example, non-fluid biomass from the top surface of the pump unit, and simultaneously receives fluid biomass from the side surface of the pump unit, and sends it out as a combined liquid without special crushing and mixing, and inputs it into the digested sludge system. . When the flowable biomass supply pump 4 stops, it is desirable to make it interlock | cooperate so that the joining injection pump 10 must be stopped. Examples of the structure of the confluence injection pump 10 are shown in FIGS. The merging input pump 10 includes a screw transfer unit 11 that is driven and rotated by a drive motor 13, and a transfer pump unit 12 that is connected to the screw transfer unit 11 to quantitatively transfer and send out the merging liquid.
More specifically, the screw transfer unit 11 has an opening at the top of the casing 11A, receives the falling non-fluid biomass 2 and has an inlet 11B for the fluid biomass 2 in a part of the casing 11A. It has a screw rotating shaft 11C.
The transfer pump unit 12 has a single-shaft eccentric pump structure in which a single male screw 12C as a rotor is provided in a double female screw space 12B formed in the stator 12A.
The joining ratio of the fluid biomass and the non-fluid biomass in the joining pump is preferably about 3: 1 to 10: 1, and the solid concentration after joining is preferably about 4 to 6%.

他方、消化タンク30から引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路20が設けられており、この循環路20には消化汚泥の温度制御手段21としての、外部熱媒を受けて投入液を加温する間接熱交換器が設けられている。なお、外部熱媒としては温水や蒸気などを採用することができるが、好ましくは、消化タンクから発生した消化ガスの利用設備から得られる熱源を用いると良い。例えば、マイクロガスタービンやガスエンジンから生じる排ガスなどから熱回収を行い、温水を得ることができる。合流液が含まれ、固形物濃度が高い状態にある投入液を加熱することにより、消化タンク内でのメタン発酵の効率が向上することが期待される。
なお、本実施形態では、循環路に温度制御手段を設けたが、消化タンク内に設けることもできる。
On the other hand, a digested sludge circulation path 20 that circulates and returns the digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank 30 is provided, and this circulation path 20 receives an external heat medium as temperature control means 21 for the digested sludge and inputs liquid. An indirect heat exchanger is provided for heating. In addition, although hot water, a vapor | steam, etc. can be employ | adopted as an external heat medium, Preferably, it is good to use the heat source obtained from the utilization equipment of the digestion gas generated from the digestion tank. For example, hot water can be obtained by recovering heat from exhaust gas generated from a micro gas turbine or a gas engine. It is expected that the efficiency of methane fermentation in the digestion tank will be improved by heating the input liquid containing the combined liquid and having a high solid concentration.
In this embodiment, the temperature control means is provided in the circulation path, but it can also be provided in the digestion tank.

循環路20は、循環ポンプ22により、固形物濃度がたとえば3.5%程度の消化汚泥が循環され、その循環経路内に、合流投入ポンプ10から合流液が送出され、投入液として消化タンクに投入されるようになっている。本実施の形態においては、移送ポンプ部12と循環路20との合流点が混合投入手段23となっている。   In the circulation path 20, digested sludge having a solid concentration of, for example, about 3.5% is circulated by the circulation pump 22, and the merged liquid is sent from the merged injection pump 10 into the circulation path, and is supplied to the digestion tank as the input liquid. It comes to be thrown in. In the present embodiment, the merge point between the transfer pump unit 12 and the circulation path 20 is the mixing and charging means 23.

循環路20には、望ましくは、駆動モータによって回転駆動される回転刃と、回転刃と同心軸状に円盤状の固定スクリーンとを有し、回転刃は、固定スクリーンに接触しながら回転可能であり、循環路20を循環する投入液が固定スクリーンを通過する際に固形物を破砕処理する汚泥破砕機24が設けられている。汚泥破砕機24としては、たとえばHugo Vogelsang Maschinenbau GmbH社製「Rota Cut」を使用できる。循環路20内に汚泥破砕機24を設けることで、非流動性バイオマスの固まりが細かく破砕されると同時に、非流動性バイオマス、流動性バイオマス、消化汚泥を循環路内で効果的に混合できる。なお、2軸式破砕機なども採用することができる。   The circulation path 20 preferably has a rotary blade that is rotationally driven by a drive motor, and a disk-shaped fixed screen concentrically with the rotary blade, and the rotary blade can rotate while contacting the fixed screen. There is provided a sludge crusher 24 that crushes solids when the input liquid circulating in the circulation path 20 passes through the fixed screen. As the sludge crusher 24, for example, “Rota Cut” manufactured by Hugo Vogelsang Machinechinbau GmbH can be used. By providing the sludge crusher 24 in the circulation path 20, the mass of the non-flowable biomass is finely crushed, and at the same time, the non-flowable biomass, the flowable biomass, and the digested sludge can be effectively mixed in the circulation path. A biaxial crusher or the like can also be employed.

循環ポンプ22としては、定量ポンプ、特に容易に定量性が得られる一軸ねじ式ポンプ、の採用が望ましい。前記混合液の消化タンクへの投入や消化汚泥の循環および加温に使用され、配管を切り替えれば消化汚泥の系外への送出にも使用可能である。
混合投入手段23の前段には、投入液の固形物濃度を測定する濃度計25が備えられている。
この濃度計で測定された固形物濃度は、図示しない制御手段に伝送され、制御手段で設定された固形物濃度設定値と比較される。目標値と測定値の差異に基づいて、例えば流動性バイオマス供給ポンプの回転数を制御し、流動性バイオマスの供給量を制御する。その結果、合流液の固形物濃度が変動することで投入液の固形物濃度が調整される。
消化タンク30としては、消化日数20日以上の容積を有するのが好適である。消化タンク内の消化汚泥の固形物濃度を3.5%程度に調整することが望ましい。
消化タンク以降は公知の機器を採用できる。たとえば消化ガスは、マイクロガスタービン、ガスエンジンなどの利用設備に供給したり、脱硫後、都市ガスラインに供給することもできる。
As the circulation pump 22, it is desirable to employ a metering pump, particularly a single screw screw type pump that can easily obtain a quantitative property. It is used for charging the mixed liquid into a digestion tank, circulating and heating digested sludge, and can be used for sending digested sludge out of the system by switching the piping.
A concentration meter 25 for measuring the solid concentration of the input liquid is provided in the preceding stage of the mixing input means 23.
The solid concentration measured by this densitometer is transmitted to a control means (not shown) and compared with a solid concentration setting value set by the control means. Based on the difference between the target value and the measured value, for example, the number of rotations of the fluid biomass supply pump is controlled to control the amount of fluid biomass supplied. As a result, the solid concentration of the input liquid is adjusted by changing the solid concentration of the combined liquid.
The digestion tank 30 preferably has a volume of 20 days or more. It is desirable to adjust the solid concentration of the digested sludge in the digestion tank to about 3.5%.
A well-known apparatus is employable after a digestion tank. For example, digestion gas can also be supplied to utilization facilities, such as a micro gas turbine and a gas engine, or can be supplied to a city gas line after desulfurization.

本発明では、流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとの合流を、合流投入ポンプ10のスクリュー移送部11において初めて実施する形態のほか、図5に示すように、スクリュー移送部11の前段に、流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとの合流させる合流貯槽40を設け、この合流貯槽40の下部開口をスクリュー移送部11に直接的に連通させる形態でもよい。合流貯槽40には、混合羽根41を設けて回転混合させることができる。   In the present invention, in addition to the embodiment in which the joining of the fluid biomass and the non-fluid biomass is carried out for the first time in the screw transfer section 11 of the confluence injection pump 10, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to provide a confluence storage tank 40 that joins the functional biomass and the non-fluid biomass, and the lower opening of the confluence storage tank 40 communicates directly with the screw transfer section 11. The merging storage tank 40 can be provided with a mixing blade 41 for rotational mixing.

本発明例を示す概要図である。It is a schematic diagram showing an example of the present invention. 合流投入ポンプの概要図である。It is a schematic diagram of a confluence injection pump. 合流投入ポンプの詳細縦断面図である。It is a detailed longitudinal cross-sectional view of a merging input pump. 合流投入ポンプの詳細平断面図である。It is a detailed plane sectional view of a confluence injection pump. 他の例の概要図である。It is a schematic diagram of another example.

1…流動性バイオマス、2…非流動性バイオマス、10…合流投入ポンプ、11…スクリュー移送部、12…移送ポンプ部12、20…循環路、21…温度制御手段、23…混合投入手段、24…汚泥破砕機、30…消化タンク。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Fluid biomass, 2 ... Non-fluid biomass, 10 ... Confluence injection pump, 11 ... Screw transfer part, 12 ... Transfer pump part 12, 20 ... Circulation path, 21 ... Temperature control means, 23 ... Mixing injection means, 24 ... sludge crusher, 30 ... digestion tank.

Claims (8)

流動性バイオマスを供給する流動性バイオマス供給ポンプと、
流動性バイオマス供給ポンプから供給された流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを内部において合流させその合流液を一方向に移送するスクリュー移送部と、このスクリュー移送部に連なり前記合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部とを有する合流投入ポンプと、
消化タンクから引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路と、
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に、前記合流投入ポンプから前記合流液を送出する混合投入手段と、を有する
ことを特徴とするバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
A fluid biomass supply pump for supplying fluid biomass;
A screw transfer unit that joins fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass supplied from a fluid biomass supply pump inside and transfers the merged liquid in one direction, and is connected to the screw transfer unit to quantitatively analyze the merged liquid. A confluence injection pump having a transfer pump section for transferring and delivering;
A digested sludge circulation path for circulating and returning digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank;
A biomass methane fermentation apparatus, comprising: a mixing input unit that sends out the combined liquid from the combined input pump in a circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank.
流動性バイオマスを供給する流動性バイオマス供給ポンプと、
流動性バイオマス供給ポンプから供給された流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを内部において合流させその合流液を一方向に移送するスクリュー移送部と、このスクリュー移送部に連なり前記合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部とを有する合流投入ポンプと、
消化タンクから引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路と、
前記循環路に設けた消化汚泥の温度制御手段と、
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に、前記合流投入ポンプから前記合流液を送出する混合投入手段と、
前記循環路内に設けられ前記循環路を循環する投入液を破砕処理する汚泥破砕機と、を有する
ことを特徴とするバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
A fluid biomass supply pump for supplying fluid biomass;
A screw transfer unit that joins fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass supplied from a fluid biomass supply pump inside and transfers the merged liquid in one direction, and is connected to the screw transfer unit to quantitatively analyze the merged liquid. A confluence injection pump having a transfer pump section for transferring and delivering;
A digested sludge circulation path for circulating and returning digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank;
Temperature control means of digested sludge provided in the circulation path;
In the circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank, mixing and charging means for sending the combined liquid from the combined charging pump;
And a sludge crusher provided in the circulation path for crushing the input liquid circulating in the circulation path. A biomass methane fermentation apparatus, comprising:
流動性バイオマスと非流動性バイオマスとを合流させる合流貯槽と、この合流貯槽の下部開口に連通して、合流液を受入れその合流液を一方向に移送するスクリュー移送部と、このスクリュー移送部に連なり前記合流液を定量的に移送しかつ送出する移送ポンプ部とを有する合流投入ポンプと、
消化タンクから引き抜いた消化汚泥を循環返送する消化汚泥の循環路と、
前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内に、前記合流投入ポンプから前記合流液を送出する混合投入手段と、を有する
ことを特徴とするバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
A confluence storage tank that combines fluid biomass and non-fluid biomass, a screw transfer section that communicates with the lower opening of the confluence storage tank, receives the merge liquid, and transfers the merge liquid in one direction, and the screw transfer section. A merging input pump having a transfer pump unit for quantitatively transferring and delivering the merging liquid;
A digested sludge circulation path for circulating and returning digested sludge drawn from the digestion tank;
A biomass methane fermentation apparatus, comprising: a mixing input unit that sends out the combined liquid from the combined input pump in a circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank.
前記循環路には熱媒を用いて前記投入液を加温する間接熱交換器を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。   The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the circulation path has an indirect heat exchanger that heats the input liquid using a heat medium. 前記循環路及び消化タンクを含む循環経路内の消化汚泥の固形物濃度測定値に基づき、その固形物濃度が所定の範囲内に維持されるように前記合流投入ポンプからの前記合流液の固形物濃度を調整する手段を有する請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。   Based on the solids concentration measurement value of the digested sludge in the circulation path including the circulation path and the digestion tank, the solids of the merged liquid from the merge input pump so that the solids concentration is maintained within a predetermined range. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising means for adjusting the concentration. 前記合流液の固形物濃度を調整する手段が、前記流動性バイオマスの流量を調節することにより行なうものである請求項5記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。   6. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the means for adjusting the solid concentration of the combined liquid is performed by adjusting a flow rate of the fluid biomass. 前記流動性バイオマス供給ポンプが定量ポンプであり、回転数制御が可能なものである請求項1または2項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。   3. The biomass methane fermentation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fluid biomass supply pump is a metering pump and is capable of rotating speed control. 4. 前記合流投入ポンプの構造が、
ケーシングの上方が開口し、落下する非流動性バイオマスを受入れ、ケーシングの一部に前記流動性バイオマスの投入口を有し、内部にスクリュー回転軸を有するスクリュー移送部と、
二条雌ネジ空間内を有するステータ内に、一条雄ネジであるローターを回動自在に嵌挿した一軸ねじ式ポンプである移送ポンプ部とを有する請求項1または2項に記載のバイオマスのメタン発酵装置。
The structure of the merge input pump is as follows:
An upper part of the casing is opened, accepts falling non-fluid biomass, has a feeding port of the fluid biomass in a part of the casing, and a screw transfer unit having a screw rotating shaft inside,
The biomass methane fermentation according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a transfer pump portion that is a uniaxial screw pump in which a rotor that is a single-thread male screw is rotatably inserted in a stator having a double-thread female screw space. apparatus.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5870343B1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2016-02-24 幸治 井戸 Methane fermentation method and methane fermentation system
JP5870342B1 (en) * 2015-07-21 2016-02-24 幸治 井戸 Methane fermentation method and methane fermentation system
WO2017203732A1 (en) * 2016-05-27 2017-11-30 日環特殊株式会社 Cell wall/cell membrane disruption device and method for using device
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