JP2012223128A - Structure for coral growth - Google Patents
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- JP2012223128A JP2012223128A JP2011093520A JP2011093520A JP2012223128A JP 2012223128 A JP2012223128 A JP 2012223128A JP 2011093520 A JP2011093520 A JP 2011093520A JP 2011093520 A JP2011093520 A JP 2011093520A JP 2012223128 A JP2012223128 A JP 2012223128A
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- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000258957 Asteroidea Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000242757 Anthozoa Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000700670 Bryozoa Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000920645 Acanthaster Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000251557 Ascidiacea Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 5
- 208000037062 Polyps Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001647146 Crangon septemspinosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287462 Phalacrocorax carbo Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004081 cilia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、矩形、その他多角形の枠、或いは円形又は楕円形の枠内を一定幅の横桟と縦桟に仕切って上下方向に一定の厚みを有する網状の構造物、ハニカム状の桟で構成され、上下方向に一定の厚みを有するハニカム状構造物、円形、楕円形又は多角形をなす相似形の桟を同心円状に配置し、各桟を別の直線状の桟で放射状に連結した上下方向に一定の厚みを有する構造物等(以下、これらを代表して格子状構造物という。したがって本発明でいう格子状構造物とは、前記各構造物を含むものである。)よりなり、サンゴ幼生を着床させ、育成するのに用いるサンゴ育成用構造物を海底に設置する方法及び該方法で用いるサンゴ育成用構造物に関する。 The present invention relates to a net-like structure having a certain thickness in the vertical direction by dividing a rectangular, other polygonal frame, or a circular or elliptical frame into a horizontal beam and a vertical beam, and a honeycomb-shaped beam. Constructed, honeycomb-like structures with a certain thickness in the vertical direction, circular, elliptical, or polygonal similar beams arranged concentrically, and each beam is connected radially by another linear beam It consists of a structure having a certain thickness in the vertical direction (hereinafter, these are representatively referred to as a grid structure. Therefore, the grid structure referred to in the present invention includes each of the above structures), and coral. The present invention relates to a method for installing a coral-growing structure used for landing and growing larvae on the seabed, and a coral-growing structure used in the method.
サンゴ礁は、沿岸海域の環境保全に貢献し、水産資源の保護育成に重要な役割を果たしているが、沿岸の埋め立てや海水の汚染、オニヒトデによる大量食害、更には白化現象によって被害を受け、その修復が急務となっている。サンゴ礁の保護育成の観点から、サンゴ礁を造成する試みも種々なされている。その一つに単体の格子状構造物或いは複数の構造物を立体的に組付けた構造物よりなり、この構造物を海底に設置してサンゴ幼生を着床させ、育成することが提案されている(特許文献1)。 Coral reefs contribute to environmental conservation in coastal waters and play an important role in the conservation and development of marine resources. However, coral reefs are damaged by coastal landfills, seawater contamination, large-scale food damage caused by sea urchins, and bleaching, and their restoration Is an urgent need. Various attempts have been made to create coral reefs from the viewpoint of coral reef protection. One of them consists of a single lattice structure or a structure in which a plurality of structures are three-dimensionally assembled, and it has been proposed that this structure be installed on the sea floor to allow coral larvae to land and grow. (Patent Document 1).
サンゴ幼生は、繊毛を用いて泳ぎ、付着基盤に着床後、変態してポリプとなり、ポリプを徐々に増やして成長する、といわれ、サンゴ幼生が付着基盤に着床する態様を観察した研究報告によると、サンゴ幼生は直射日光の当たる所よりも暗い所を選んで着床する傾向があり、また潮流のある所の方が着床し易いともいわれている。 It is said that coral larvae swim using cilia, land on the adherent base, transform into a polyp, and gradually grow to increase the polyp. According to the report, coral larvae tend to land in dark places rather than in direct sunlight, and it is said that places with currents are easier to land.
前述の格子状構造物よりなるサンゴ育成用構造物は、作業船からそのまま海底に沈めるだけで設置することができること、潮の流れに乗って浮遊するサンゴ幼生が構造物を通って行き来することができるうえ、構造物の桟で形成される矩形、六角形、円弧状或いは台形等の開口した桝目に入り込んだサンゴ幼生は周りを囲む桟によって散逸しにくく、しかもこの構造物は網状の構造物に比べ、サンゴ幼生の着床面積が広く、更には桟に遮られて日陰となる部分を生じ易いため、海底が砂地やサンゴ礫のようなサンゴ増殖基盤がない場所又、例え岩盤であっても砂礫が潮の流れにより移動してサンゴ幼生が着床しても育たなかったような場所でも、サンゴ幼生が着床し易くなり、サンゴ礁を再生させることができること、前記サンゴ育成用構造物は例えば繊維強化プラスチックFRPにより容易に一体成形できること等の利点を有するが、なお改善すべき余地がある。 Coral breeding structures composed of the aforementioned grid-like structures can be installed just by submerging them from the work boat as they are, and coral larvae floating on the flow of tide can pass through the structure. In addition, coral larvae that have entered the open squares, such as rectangles, hexagons, arcs, or trapezoids, formed by structural bars are not easily dissipated by the surrounding bars, and this structure is converted into a net-like structure. In comparison, the coral larvae have a large floor area, and are more likely to be shaded by being blocked by a pier. Therefore, even if the seabed is a place where there is no coral breeding base such as sand or coral gravel, Coral larvae can be easily settled even in places where coral larvae have not grown even if they have moved due to the flow of tide and the coral larvae have landed, and the coral cultivation structure Is for example easily have such advantages can be integrally molded by a fiber reinforced plastic FRP, there is still room for improvement.
その一つが前記サンゴ育成用構造物に着床したサンゴ幼生やポリプがオニヒトデやヨコエビ類等によって捕食されたり、ウニ類や巻貝類によって前記サンゴ育成用構造物から掻き取られたりし、また砂或いは海藻や群体ボヤ又はコケムシ類等で覆われて死滅したりすることに対する対策である。 One of them is coral larvae and polyps that have landed on the coral cultivating structure are preyed by sea urchin starfish, sand shrimp, etc., scraped off from the coral cultivating structure by sea urchins or snails, This is a measure against being killed by being covered with seaweed, colony or bryozoans.
本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたもので、格子状構造物に着床したサンゴ幼生が捕食されたり、死滅することなく、確実に育成できるようなサンゴ育成用構造物の設置方法と、該方法で用いるサンゴ育成用構造物を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and a coral cultivating structure installation method that allows coral larvae landing on a lattice structure to be reliably grown without being preyed or killed, and It aims at providing the structure for coral cultivation used by this method.
請求項1に係わる発明は、格子状構造物よりなるサンゴ育成用構造物をポールにより海底と接触しないように支持し、海底より離して設置することを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a coral growing structure made of a lattice structure is supported by a pole so as not to come into contact with the seabed, and is installed away from the seabed.
請求項2に係わる発明は、請求項1に係わる発明で用いるサンゴ育成用構造物であって、格子状構造物よりなり、該格子状構造物に取り付けられ、格子状構造物を支持するポールには海底と格子状構造物との間にサンゴ幼生の育成を害するオニヒトデ、ウニ類、貝類等の有害生物が伝い登るのを阻止する傘又は傘骨状の進入防止具が取付けられることを特徴とし、
請求項3に係わる発明は、請求項2に係わる発明の進入防止具が前記ポールに遊嵌されて、進入防止具を支持するスリーブと、周方向に複数に分割され、前記ポールの周りに組み付けた状態で前記スリーブに押込められるコレットを備え、前記スリーブ内周と、コレット外周は少なくとも一方が上下方向にテーパに形成されることを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 2 is a coral-growing structure used in the invention according to claim 1, which is composed of a lattice-like structure, attached to the lattice-like structure, and attached to the pole that supports the lattice-like structure. Is characterized in that an umbrella or umbrella-bone-shaped intrusion prevention device is installed between the sea floor and the lattice structure to prevent the pests such as sea starfish, sea urchins and shellfish that are harmful to the growth of coral larvae. ,
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the ingress prevention device according to the second aspect of the present invention is loosely fitted to the pole, and a sleeve that supports the ingress prevention device and a circumferentially divided portion are assembled around the pole. And a collet that is pushed into the sleeve in a state where the sleeve is pressed, and at least one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the collet is tapered in the vertical direction.
請求項4に係わる発明は、請求項2又は3に係わる発明において、前記ポールが格子状構造物を通って上下に突出し、格子状構造物より上方に突出する部分には前記格子状構造物に日差しが当たるのを遮る遮光部材が着脱可能に取着されることを特徴とする。 The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the pole protrudes up and down through the lattice structure, and the portion protruding upward from the lattice structure has the lattice structure. A light-shielding member that blocks sunlight is detachably attached.
請求項1に係わる発明によると、格子状構造物よりなるサンゴ育成用構造物は海底より離して設置されるため、オニヒトデ、ウニ類、貝類等の有害生物が取り付きにくく、したがってこれら有害生物による捕食や格子状構造物からの掻き落しが生じにくいうえ、砂や海藻類、群体ボヤ、コケムシ等で覆われて死滅する、といった問題が生じにくくなり、その結果としてサンゴ育成用構造物に着床したサンゴ幼生やポリブの生存率が向上し、これらの育成が確実に行えるようになる。 According to the invention according to claim 1, since the coral cultivating structure made of a lattice structure is installed away from the seabed, pests such as sea starfish, sea urchins and shellfish are difficult to be attached, and therefore predation by these pests. Scraping from the grid structure and the lattice structure is less likely to occur, and the problem of being covered and destroyed by sand, seaweed, colony, bryozoans, etc. is less likely to occur. The survival rate of coral larvae and polybes will be improved and they will be able to be cultivated reliably.
請求項2に係わる発明によると、ポールに取り付けた進入防止具により前述する有害生物がポールを伝い登ってサンゴ育成用構造物に進入するのを阻むことができ、サンゴ幼生やポリプの育成をより確実に行うことができるようになる。 According to the invention according to claim 2, the invasion prevention device attached to the pole can prevent the above-mentioned pests from climbing the pole and entering the coral cultivation structure. It can be done reliably.
請求項3に係わる発明によると、コレットをポールの周りに組付けてスリーブに押込むと、テーパによる楔作用によって進入防止具がポールに簡易に固定できるようになる。 According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the collet is assembled around the pole and pushed into the sleeve, the ingress prevention tool can be easily fixed to the pole by the wedge action due to the taper.
サンゴの白化は海水温の上昇と、夏季での強い日差しによって行われるが、請求項4記載の発明のように、所要時に日差しを遮る遮光部材をポールに取り付ければ、白化を低減させることができる。また遮光部材はサンゴ育成用構造物の格子状構造物を支持するポールを利用して取り付けられ、遮光部材の支持構造を簡素なものとすることができる。 Coral whitening is performed by a rise in seawater temperature and strong sunlight in summer. However, as in the invention according to claim 4, if a light-shielding member that shields sunlight is attached to the pole as required, whitening can be reduced. . Further, the light shielding member is attached using a pole that supports the lattice structure of the coral growing structure, and the support structure of the light shielding member can be simplified.
以下、本発明の実施形態に係わるサンゴ育成用構造物について図面により説明する。
図1に示すサンゴ育成用構造物1は、矩形の枠2内に枠2と同じ板幅の縦桟と横桟を組合わせて矩形の開口した桝目3を縦横に形成した平面視で網状をなす格子状構造物よりなるもので、金属製や天然樹脂又は合成樹脂製であってもよいが、好ましくは繊維強化プラスチックFRPにより一体形成される。この場合、成形後、型を抜き易くするために各桝目3には図2、図6、図9及び図12に示すように抜き勾配を形成しておくのが望ましい。
Hereinafter, coral cultivation structures according to embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The coral cultivating structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a net-like shape in a plan view in which a rectangular frame 2 is formed in a rectangular frame 2 by combining vertical bars and horizontal bars having the same plate width as the frame 2 to form rectangular openings 3 in the vertical and horizontal directions. It is made of a lattice-like structure and may be made of metal, natural resin or synthetic resin, but is preferably integrally formed of fiber reinforced plastic FRP. In this case, it is desirable to form a draft as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 6, FIG. 9 and FIG.
前記桝目3は、上下方向の奥行きが上下と直交する横方向の長さより大とするのが望ましい。開口の面積を小さくし、奥行きを長くすることにより、奥側では小魚による食害を少なくすることができる。実際に本発明者らは、奥行きが同じで、横方向の長さが大小の二種類のサンゴ育成用構造物1を海底より離して同じ条件でサンゴの育成を行ったところ、桝目3の開口の小さな方が大きな方よりも小魚による食害が少なかったことを確認した。 It is desirable that the mesh 3 has a vertical depth greater than a horizontal length perpendicular to the vertical direction. By reducing the area of the opening and increasing the depth, it is possible to reduce the damage caused by small fish on the back side. In fact, the inventors of the present invention have grown corals under the same conditions by separating the two types of coral-growing structures 1 having the same depth and a large and small lateral length from the seabed. It was confirmed that the small one had less damage from small fish than the big one.
前記桝目3の開口を小さくするには図2に示すように、サンゴ育成用構造物1上に桝目3よりサイズに小さな開口4aを備えた格子板4を取付けてもよい。この格子板4は、製作上金型は複雑になるが、サンゴ育成用構造物1と一体成形で製作するのが望ましい。なお前記格子板4は、サンゴ育成用構造物1の上面ばかりでなく、下面に取付けてもよい。 In order to make the opening of the mesh 3 small, as shown in FIG. 2, a lattice plate 4 having an opening 4 a smaller in size than the mesh 3 may be attached on the coral cultivation structure 1. The grid plate 4 is preferably manufactured by integral molding with the coral cultivating structure 1, although the mold is complicated in production. The lattice plate 4 may be attached to the lower surface as well as the upper surface of the coral growing structure 1.
前記サンゴ育成用構造物1には更に、その四隅に軸状の同じ長さのポール5が上下に同じ長さだけ突出して取着されている。このポール5は図示していないが、好ましくは先(下)端が海底に突き刺し易いように先細りに形成され、サンゴ育成用構造物1を海底へ設置する際には、図示するように各ポール5の先端を海底に突き刺してサンゴ育成用構造物1を海底より離して固定し設置する。 Further, the coral-growing structure 1 has shaft-like poles 5 of the same length protruding at the four corners and attached to the top and bottom by the same length. Although this pole 5 is not shown in the figure, it is preferably tapered so that the tip (lower) end can be easily pierced into the seabed. When the coral-growing structure 1 is installed on the seabed, each pole is shown as shown in the figure. The coral cultivating structure 1 is fixed away from the seabed by inserting the tip of 5 into the seabed.
本実施形態のポール5は、サンゴ育成用構造物1の四隅に取付けられているが、中央部に1つだけ取付けてもよいし、四個以外の複数、例えば中央と4隅に計5個取付けてもよい。ポール5はサンゴ育成用構造物1の四隅を含み、四個以上取付ける方が取付け状態が安定し、望ましい。 The poles 5 of the present embodiment are attached to the four corners of the coral cultivation structure 1, but only one may be attached to the center, or a plurality other than four, for example, five in the center and four corners. It may be attached. The poles 5 include the four corners of the coral cultivation structure 1, and it is desirable to attach four or more poles because the attachment state is stable.
図3は、図1に示すサンゴ育成用構造物1を四隅において支持し、該構造物1より上下に突出する各ポール5のサンゴ育成用構造物1下の部分にサンゴ幼生の育成を害するオニヒトデ、ウニ類、貝類等の有害生物がポール5を伝い登るのを阻止する侵入防止具7を取り付けると共に、前記構造物1より上方に突出するポール部分に前記サンゴ育成用構造物1への日差しを遮る遮光部材である遮光板8を取り付けてなるものであり、図4は、サンゴ育成用構造物1の中央に取付けたポール5のサンゴ育成用構造物1下に侵入防止具7を、サンゴ育成用構造物1上に遮光板8をそれぞれ取付けてなるもので、以下、これら侵入防止具7と遮光板8について順に説明する。 FIG. 3 shows a cormorant cultivating structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 supported at the four corners, and a portion of each pole 5 projecting up and down from the structure 1 under the coral cultivating structure 1 damages the growth of coral larvae. Attach an intrusion prevention device 7 that prevents the pests such as sea urchins and shellfish from climbing up the pole 5, and radiate the sun to the coral breeding structure 1 on the pole portion protruding above the structure 1. A light shielding plate 8 which is a light shielding member to be shielded is attached. FIG. 4 shows a coral cultivation with an intrusion prevention tool 7 under the coral cultivation structure 1 of a pole 5 attached to the center of the coral cultivation structure 1. The intrusion prevention device 7 and the light shielding plate 8 will be described in order below.
進入防止具7は、前記ポール5に遊嵌され、後述のチャック手段により固定されるスリーブ11(図3に示すスリーブ11は角リング状をなしているが、円形のリング状をなしていてもよい)に取付けられる傘骨状をなしており、この進入防止具7には樹脂製のシートを取り付けて傘状に構成してもよい。 The ingress prevention tool 7 is loosely fitted to the pole 5 and is fixed by a chuck means described later (the sleeve 11 shown in FIG. 3 has a rectangular ring shape, but may have a circular ring shape. It is also possible to form an umbrella frame by attaching a resin sheet to the entry preventing device 7.
チャック手段は周方向に複数に分割、好ましくは図5に示すように二つ割りにされてポール5を両側より抱持するコレット13を有し、該コレット13は外面が上向きに窄まるテーパ状をなし、内面はポール5に対し凹凸、好ましくは下方に食い込むような鋸歯状をなしている。一方、スリーブ11は内面が下方に向かって拡開するように形成されている。 The chuck means is divided into a plurality of parts in the circumferential direction, preferably divided into two as shown in FIG. 5, and has a collet 13 that holds the pole 5 from both sides, and the collet 13 has a tapered shape whose outer surface is constricted upward. The inner surface is uneven with respect to the pole 5, and preferably has a sawtooth shape that bites downward. On the other hand, the sleeve 11 is formed so that the inner surface expands downward.
図7は、コレットの別の態様を示すもので、厚みの大なる一対のコレット14のテーパ状をなす外面の上下方向の中央に横溝を形成し、該横溝にゴムバンド15を装着してポール5を挟み込んだ一対のコレット14を連結してポール5に取付けてなるものである。 FIG. 7 shows another aspect of the collet, in which a pair of thick collets 14 is formed with a lateral groove at the center in the vertical direction of the tapered outer surface, and a rubber band 15 is attached to the lateral groove to form a pole. A pair of collets 14 sandwiching 5 is connected and attached to the pole 5.
サンゴ育成用構造物1を取付けたポール5に進入防止具7を固定するときには、始めに進入防止具7のスリーブ11をポール5に下方より差し込んでおき、ついで図5に示す二つ割りのコレット13を合わせてポール5を挟み込んだのち、前記スリーブ11を下方にずらしてコレット13に上方より押込む(図6)。ポール5を挟み込んだコレット13はスリーブ11に下側からずり上げて押込むようにしてもよい。 When fixing the ingress prevention device 7 to the pole 5 to which the coral growing structure 1 is attached, the sleeve 11 of the ingress prevention device 7 is first inserted into the pole 5 from below, and then the split collet 13 shown in FIG. After putting the pole 5 together, the sleeve 11 is shifted downward and pushed into the collet 13 from above (FIG. 6). The collet 13 sandwiching the pole 5 may be pushed up and pushed into the sleeve 11 from below.
押込み時にはスリーブ内周とコレット外周のテーパによる楔作用によりコレット13がポール5に圧着して固定され、これに伴い進入防止具7もポール5に固定される。なお、押込みは手作業で行われるが、軽く押込んで仮止めする程度とし、後は進入防止具7を自重により降下させて、上述する楔作用によりポール5に固定させるようにすることもできる。 At the time of pushing, the collet 13 is crimped and fixed to the pole 5 by the wedge action by the taper of the sleeve inner periphery and the collet outer periphery, and the ingress prevention tool 7 is also fixed to the pole 5 accordingly. The push-in is performed manually, but it can be lightly pushed and temporarily fixed. Thereafter, the ingress prevention tool 7 can be lowered by its own weight and fixed to the pole 5 by the wedge action described above.
遮光板8は金属、好ましくは硬質樹脂製で、ポール5の上端より押込んで取り付けられ、サンゴ育成用構造物1に一定の間隔を存して被さり、サンゴ育成用構造物1への日差しを遮ることのできる大きさに形成されている。図示する遮光板8は夏季の直射日光による日差しを遮るため若干南向きに傾斜して取付けられている。この遮光板8は日差しを遮る作用のほか、日陰を形成してサンゴ育成用構造物1にサンゴ幼生を着床し易くしている。 The light shielding plate 8 is made of metal, preferably hard resin, and is attached by being pushed in from the upper end of the pole 5 so as to cover the coral cultivation structure 1 with a certain interval and shield the sunlight from the coral cultivation structure 1. It is formed in a size that can be. The shading plate 8 shown in the figure is attached with a slight incline toward the south in order to block sunlight from direct sunlight in summer. In addition to the action of blocking the sunlight, the light shielding plate 8 forms a shade to make it easy to deposit coral larvae on the coral growing structure 1.
遮光板8が取付けられるのは夏季の日差しが強い一時期或いはサンゴ幼生が着床する時期だけで、それ以外はポール5から外される。ポール5への取付け及び取外しは遮光板8の抜差しによって行われるが、抜差しを容易にするために遮光板8をポール5に緩く嵌挿し、ポール5に捩じ込んだナットで下側より支持させるようにしてもよく、更には確実に固定できるように上側にもナットを捩じ込み、ポール5に捩じ込んだ上下のナットで遮光板8を挟み込んで支持させるようにしてもよい。 The shading plate 8 is attached only during a period when the sunlight is strong in summer or when the coral larvae are landed. Attachment and removal to and from the pole 5 are performed by inserting and removing the light shielding plate 8. In order to facilitate insertion and removal, the light shielding plate 8 is loosely inserted into the pole 5 and supported from below by a nut screwed into the pole 5. Further, a nut may be screwed into the upper side so that the light can be fixed securely, and the light shielding plate 8 may be sandwiched and supported by the upper and lower nuts screwed into the pole 5.
図8に示すサンゴ育成用構造物16は、図1に示すサンゴ育成用構造物1の矩形の枠2を円形の枠17とした以外は図1に示すサンゴ育成用構造物1と同一構造としたもので、図1に示すサンゴ育成用構造物1と同様、サンゴ育成用構造物16には、3か所、好ましくは周方向に等間隔で軸状のポール5が上下に突出して固着され、海底に設置する際には、ポール先端を海底に突き刺して固定設置され、サンゴ育成用構造物16は海底より離して支持される。 The coral growing structure 16 shown in FIG. 8 has the same structure as the coral growing structure 1 shown in FIG. 1 except that the rectangular frame 2 of the coral growing structure 1 shown in FIG. Thus, like the coral growing structure 1 shown in FIG. 1, the shaft-shaped poles 5 are fixed to the coral growing structure 16 so as to protrude vertically in three locations, preferably at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. When installing on the seabed, the pole tip is inserted into the seabed and fixed, and the coral cultivation structure 16 is supported away from the seabed.
前記サンゴ育成用構造物1、16は、図1、図3、図4及び図8に示すように単独でポール5に取付けてもよいし、ポール5の上下に複数取り付けてもよく、また、横方向に複数並べて設置してもよい。ポール5に上下に複数取り付ける場合には、上下のサンゴ育成用構造物間に横方向から小魚が入り込まない程度の間隙を設けておくのが望ましい。これにより桝目3の奥行きが実質的に長くなったのと同様の効果、すなわち小魚による食害を少なくすることができる。 The coral cultivation structures 1 and 16 may be attached to the pole 5 alone as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 8, or may be attached to the top and bottom of the pole 5, A plurality may be installed side by side in the horizontal direction. When a plurality of upper and lower corals are attached to the pole 5, it is desirable to provide a gap between the upper and lower coral growing structures so that small fish do not enter from the lateral direction. As a result, the same effect as that of the depth of the grid 3 can be reduced, that is, the damage caused by small fish can be reduced.
前記実施形態のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16は桝目3が矩形をなしているが、別の実施形態では縦桟と横桟を適宜の角度で交差させて桝目が菱形に形成され、更に別の実施形態ではサンゴ育成用構造物が矩形の枠2または円形(楕円形であってもよい)の枠17内に該枠2又は17と同じ板幅で形成したハニカム状の桟を配置したハニカム状構造物で構成され、更に別の実施形態では矩形の枠2又は円形の枠17内に該枠と同じ板幅で、かつ該枠と相似形のサイズの異なる複数の矩形又は円形の桟を同心円状に配置し、かつ各桟を直線状の別の桟で放射状に連結し、桝目を台形又は円弧状に形成した構造物で構成される。 In the coral cultivation structure 1 or 16 of the above embodiment, the mesh 3 is rectangular, but in another embodiment, the grid is formed in a diamond shape by intersecting the vertical beam and the horizontal beam at an appropriate angle. In this embodiment, the coral-growing structure is a honeycomb in which a honeycomb-shaped crosspiece formed with the same plate width as that of the frame 2 or 17 is disposed in a rectangular frame 2 or a circular (may be oval) frame 17. In another embodiment, a plurality of rectangular or circular bars having the same plate width as the frame and different in size similar to the frame are formed in the rectangular frame 2 or the circular frame 17 in another embodiment. Concentric circles are arranged, and each beam is connected in a radial manner with another linear beam, and is formed of a structure formed as a trapezoid or arc.
サンゴ育成用構造物1又は16のポール5への固定は、図5又は図7に示すコレット13、14を用いて行うこともできる。
図8は、図5に示すコレット13を用いてサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16をポール5に固定した例を示すもので、その固定は二つ割りにされたコレット13を合わせてポール5を両側より抱持した状態でサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16の桝目3に下方より押込むか、又は桝目3をコレット13に上方より押込んで固定するか或いは仮止めする(仮止めした場合、図示するような状態でポール5を立てると、サンゴ育成用構造物1又は16の自重による降下で、サンゴ育成用構造物1又は16の抜き勾配を有する桝目3とコレット13のテーパによる楔作用により固定することができる)。固定後、スペーサ19を介し、別のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16をポール5に差込み固定する。
The coral growing structure 1 or 16 can be fixed to the pole 5 using the collets 13 and 14 shown in FIG.
FIG. 8 shows an example in which the coral-growing structure 1 or 16 is fixed to the pole 5 using the collet 13 shown in FIG. 5, and the fixing is performed by combining the collet 13 divided in two and attaching the pole 5 from both sides. In the state of being held, the coral-growing structure 1 or 16 is pushed into the cell 3 from below, or the cell 3 is pushed into the collet 13 from above and fixed or temporarily fixed (if temporarily fixed, as shown in the figure) If the pole 5 is stood in a stable state, the corrugated structure 1 or 16 is lowered by its own weight, and is fixed by the wedge action of the corrugated structure 3 or 16 having a draft angle and the taper of the collet 13. Is possible). After fixing, another coral growing structure 1 or 16 is inserted into the pole 5 and fixed via the spacer 19.
スペーサ19は、図10に示すように、横断面が桝目3の横断面と相似形をなすと共に、上方に向かって先細りのテーパ状をなす本体19aと、該本体下端より下向きに突出形成され、本体19aと段をなして前記桝目3に上方より嵌着可能な嵌着部19bとより構成され、軸心には前記ポール5より径大の軸穴21が上下方向に貫通して形成されている。そしてこのスペーサ19は本体19aが下端に向かって拡開する抜き勾配を備えた升目3に下方より挿入可能で、一定量挿入すると支えて、それ以上挿入することができず、桝目3はスペーサ19に楔作用で固定できるようになっている。 As shown in FIG. 10, the spacer 19 has a cross-sectional shape similar to the cross-section of the mesh 3, and a main body 19 a that tapers upward and projects downward from the lower end of the main body. The main body 19a is formed with a fitting portion 19b that is stepped on the mesh 3 from above, and a shaft hole 21 having a diameter larger than that of the pole 5 is formed through the shaft in the vertical direction. Yes. The spacer 19 can be inserted from below into the mesh 3 having a draft angle in which the main body 19a expands toward the lower end. The spacer 19 is supported when inserted by a certain amount, and cannot be further inserted. It can be fixed to the head by a wedge action.
ポール5にサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16を上下二段に取り付けるときには、先ず一段目のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16を前述するようにコレット13を用いてポール5に固定する。ついで前記スペーサ19を嵌着部19bを下向きにしてポール5に上方より挿入し、嵌着部19bを一段目のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16の桝目3に上方より嵌着する。その後、二段目のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16をポール5に桝目3を当てて挿入する。桝目3がスペーサ本体19aに上方より嵌着され、強く押込むと、楔作用により二段目のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16が固着される。こうして図9に示すように上下のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16がポール5に上下方向に一定の間隔を存して固定される。 When the coral growing structure 1 or 16 is attached to the pole 5 in two upper and lower stages, first, the first coral growing structure 1 or 16 is fixed to the pole 5 using the collet 13 as described above. Next, the spacer 19 is inserted into the pole 5 from above with the fitting portion 19b facing downward, and the fitting portion 19b is fitted from above into the mesh 3 of the first-stage coral growing structure 1 or 16. After that, the second-stage coral cultivation structure 1 or 16 is inserted into the pole 5 with the ribs 3 applied. When the mesh 3 is fitted into the spacer body 19a from above and pushed in strongly, the second-stage coral growing structure 1 or 16 is fixed by the wedge action. In this way, as shown in FIG. 9, the upper and lower coral growing structures 1 or 16 are fixed to the pole 5 with a certain distance in the vertical direction.
ポール5で支持されない箇所では、図10に示すスペーサ19と異なって軸孔21を有しない図11に示すスペーサ22を用いて図12に示すように上下のサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16を一定の間隔に支持させるのが望ましい。 Unlike the spacer 19 shown in FIG. 10, the upper and lower coral growing structures 1 or 16 are fixed as shown in FIG. 12 by using the spacer 22 shown in FIG. 11 that does not have the shaft hole 21 unlike the spacer 19 shown in FIG. 10. It is desirable to support at intervals of.
本実施形態によると、ポール5に上下二段に取り付けたサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16は、全体の厚みがサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16の厚みの2倍に構造物間の間隙を加えたものとなり、小魚が上下面より奥深くまで入り込みにくくなって奥深くに着床したサンゴ幼生やポリプが食害に会い難くなる。こうした効果はサンゴ育成用構造物1又は16を多段に重ねる程、より一層生じ易くなる。 According to the present embodiment, the coral cultivating structure 1 or 16 attached to the pole 5 in two upper and lower stages has a total thickness of twice the thickness of the coral cultivating structure 1 or 16 with a gap between the structures. As a result, it is difficult for small fish to enter deeper than the top and bottom surfaces, and coral larvae and polyps that are deeply buried are less likely to encounter food damage. Such an effect is more likely to occur as the coral growing structures 1 or 16 are stacked in multiple stages.
図13は、図1に示すサンゴ育成用構造物1を前後左右に横方向に並べ、互いにくっ付けて設置した例を示すものである。この実施形態においては、コーナに位置する各サンゴ育成用構造物1はそれぞれ四隅をポール5によって支持されるようにしているが、四隅の或いは各サンゴ育成用構造物1をそれぞれ一つのポール5で中央部を支持するようにしてもよいし、四個以外の複数のポール5で支持するようにしてもよい。またコーナ以外のサンゴ育成用構造物1は、コーナのサンゴ育成用構造物1やこれに接続されるサンゴ育成用構造物1に接続金具23、24によって連結されるようになっているが、コーナのサンゴ育成用構造物1と同様、ポール5に支持させるようにしてもよい。 FIG. 13 shows an example in which the coral cultivating structures 1 shown in FIG. In this embodiment, each coral growing structure 1 located in the corner is supported by poles 5 at the four corners, but each of the coral growing structures 1 at the four corners or each coral growing structure 1 is provided by one pole 5. The central portion may be supported, or may be supported by a plurality of poles 5 other than four. Further, the coral growing structure 1 other than the corner is connected to the coral growing structure 1 of the corner or the coral growing structure 1 connected thereto by the connection fittings 23 and 24. Similarly to the coral growing structure 1, the pole 5 may be supported.
図14は、図13に示すように並設されるサンゴ育成用構造物1において、前後左右の中間部のサンゴ育成用構造物1を省いた例を示すものである。 FIG. 14 shows an example in which the coral growing structure 1 in the middle part of the front, rear, left and right is omitted in the coral growing structure 1 arranged side by side as shown in FIG.
図15は図13に示すように、前後左右に並設したサンゴ育成用構造物1上に全体のサンゴ育成用構造物1を覆う遮光板26をポール5を利用して取付けた例を示すものである。 FIG. 15 shows an example in which a light shielding plate 26 that covers the entire coral cultivation structure 1 is attached to the coral cultivation structure 1 arranged side by side in the front, rear, left, and right directions using the pole 5 as shown in FIG. It is.
1、16・・サンゴ育成用構造物
2、17・・枠
3・・桝目
5・・ポール
7・・進入防止具
8、26・・遮光板
11・・スリーブ
13、14・・コレット
19、22・・スペーサ
23、24・・接続金具
1, 16 .. Coral growing structure 2, 17, frame 3, mesh 5, pole 7, ingress prevention device 8, 26, shading plate 11, sleeve 13, 14, collet 19, 22 ..Spacers 23, 24
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