JP2012206145A - Hot wire laser welding method and apparatus - Google Patents

Hot wire laser welding method and apparatus Download PDF

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JP2012206145A
JP2012206145A JP2011074315A JP2011074315A JP2012206145A JP 2012206145 A JP2012206145 A JP 2012206145A JP 2011074315 A JP2011074315 A JP 2011074315A JP 2011074315 A JP2011074315 A JP 2011074315A JP 2012206145 A JP2012206145 A JP 2012206145A
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laser
welding
wire
groove wall
base material
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JP5812527B2 (en
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Kenji Shinozaki
賢二 篠崎
Motomichi Yamamoto
元道 山本
Kota Kadoi
浩太 門井
Tatsunori Kanazawa
辰徳 金沢
Toshiji Nagashima
利治 永島
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Mitsubishi Power Industries Ltd
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Bab Hitachi Industrial Co
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-power-output hot wire laser welding method and apparatus, which can join even an extremely thick steel plate of about 20 mm, and which can reduce warming to a large extent compared with electroslag welding, for securing fracture toughness of a welded joint.SOLUTION: In the hot wire laser welding method, a laser spot 21 obtained by removing the focus of laser light 2 is radiated to a base material being in a gap formed between groove wall surfaces 10, 11 of a pair of the base materials to melt the base material 8, by applying electricity to between the welding wire 3 and the base material 8, and supplying the wire 3 as a hot wire to the molten portion of the base material 8, a molten metal pool 7 comprising the molten base material 8 and the wire 3 is formed, the laser spot 21 is moved so as to pass through the borderline of the groove wall surface 10 of either one of the pair of the base materials 8 and the molten metal pool 7, then the laser spot 21 is moved so as to pass through the borderline of the groove wall surface 11 of the other side of the base material 8 and the molten metal pool 7, the actions are repeatedly performed to weld the mutual base materials 8.

Description

本発明はレーザ溶接とホットワイヤ溶接とを組合せた溶接方法と装置に係わり、特に大型の船体に用いられる肉厚２０ｍｍ以上の鋼板などの高能率溶接に好適なホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法と装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a welding method and apparatus in which laser welding and hot wire welding are combined, and more particularly to a hot wire laser welding method and apparatus suitable for high-efficiency welding of a steel sheet having a thickness of 20 mm or more used for a large hull.

レーザ溶接は高いエネルギーのレーザ光を用い、レーザ光をレンズにより集光してより高いエネルギー密度として、被溶接部である鋼板等の母材に当てることにより母材を溶融するため、通常のアーク溶接に比べて前記母材の肉厚方向において深い溶け込みが得られること、母材の溶融速度が速いことから高速溶接が可能であること、母材の溶融部の外側に生じる溶接熱影響部の範囲が狭くて溶接変形が少なく低歪みの溶接施工が行えることなどの特徴を有する溶接方法である。   Laser welding uses a high-energy laser beam, and the laser beam is condensed by a lens and applied to a base material such as a steel plate, which is the welded part, with a higher energy density. Compared to welding, deep penetration in the thickness direction of the base metal is obtained, high-speed welding is possible because the base material has a high melting speed, and the heat affected zone of the weld heat generated on the outside of the base metal melting part This welding method has features such as a narrow range, low welding deformation and low distortion welding.

また、高能率溶接方法である電子ビーム溶接のように被溶接部を真空環境にする必要がないので、高能率溶接法として、各方面で使用されるようになってきている。
但し、レーザ溶接は対象とする溶接材料が中厚板以上になると非常に高価な大出力レーザ発振器が必要となり、溶接可能なギャップ公差は非常に小さいため開先精度や施工精度等の制約から厚板の適用範囲は限定されてしまう。 In addition, unlike the electron beam welding that is a high-efficiency welding method, it is not necessary to place the welded part in a vacuum environment, so that it has been used as a high-efficiency welding method in various directions.
However, laser welding requires a very expensive high-power laser oscillator when the target welding material is thicker than a thick plate, and the gap tolerance that can be welded is very small. The application range of the plate is limited.

特許文献１には、板厚１０ｍｍ〜３０ｍｍの突合せ継手のレーザ溶接法として，継手両表面にＸ開先および板中央部にルートフェイス部を設け、ルートフェイス部をレーザ直接照射によって高能率に溶接し、その後、両表面Ｘ開先部を仕上げ溶接することによって、低出力のレーザであっても高能率かつて低入熱となる厚板のレーザ溶接法が開示されている。   In Patent Document 1, as a laser welding method for a butt joint with a plate thickness of 10 mm to 30 mm, an X groove and a root face portion are provided on both surfaces of the joint, and the root face portion is welded with high efficiency by direct laser irradiation. Then, a laser welding method for a thick plate is disclosed in which both surface X groove portions are finish welded to achieve high efficiency and low heat input even with a low output laser.

また、特許文献２には狭開先溶接において、レーザ光の照射位置を開先の底部で所定の振幅で進行方向に対して左右方向および開先壁面に対して垂直方向に周期的に揺動する方法、ならびにフィラーワイヤの狙い位置を開先中央に維持する制御、および金属蒸気を排除するための不活性ガスシールドの送給方法を用いることで開先壁面へのフィラーワイヤ溶着、送給不具合、融合不良を防止しつつ、高能率の溶接が可能なレーザ溶接が開示されている。   In Patent Document 2, in narrow groove welding, the laser beam irradiation position is periodically oscillated with a predetermined amplitude at the bottom of the groove in the left-right direction with respect to the traveling direction and in the direction perpendicular to the groove wall surface. Filler wire welding to the groove wall and feeding failure by using the control method to maintain the target position of the filler wire at the center of the groove and the feeding method of inert gas shield to eliminate metal vapor In addition, laser welding is disclosed that enables high-efficiency welding while preventing poor fusion.

一方、レーザ溶接法では厚板の溶接が難しいことから、従来からエレクトロスラグ溶接法やエレクトロガス溶接法が大型コンテナ船などに使用される極厚鋼板の溶接に用いられている。   On the other hand, since it is difficult to weld a thick plate by the laser welding method, an electroslag welding method or an electrogas welding method has been conventionally used for welding an extremely thick steel plate used for a large container ship or the like.

特開昭６２−２２０２９３号公報JP-A-62-220293 特開２０１１−５５３３号公報JP 2011-5533 A 「エレクトロスラグ溶接法および機器」３０９〜３１６頁、溶接接学会編、第２版溶接・接合便覧、平成１５年２月２５日発行“Electroslag Welding Method and Equipment”, pages 309-316, edited by Japan Welding Society, 2nd edition, Handbook of welding and joining, published on February 25, 2003

上記特許文献１や特許文献２記載のレーザ溶接法は、レーザ光を進行方向に対して横方向あるいは垂直方向に振幅することで開先壁面の溶融には効果が高い。その一方で、開先底部は溶融プールを介して加熱されるので、比較的低いレーザ出力で開先内部に溶接ビードを積層した場合，各溶接層間に未溶着欠陥が生じやすくなるという点が課題であった。   The laser welding methods described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 are highly effective in melting the groove wall surface by amplifying the laser beam in the lateral direction or the vertical direction with respect to the traveling direction. On the other hand, since the groove bottom is heated through the melt pool, when welding beads are laminated inside the groove with a relatively low laser output, unwelded defects are likely to occur between the weld layers. Met.

また、上記特許文献1に代表されるレーザ溶接法は、レーザ光をレンズにより集光して非常に高いエネルギー密度を実現し、キーホールと呼ばれる穴を生成して厚板を高能率かつ低入熱に溶接する一般的なレーザ溶接法の特徴はそのまま維持しながら、低出力レーザ発信器での厚板溶接を試みたものであり、開先精度や施工裕度の改善や立向き溶接への適用などは難しい。   In addition, the laser welding method represented by the above-mentioned Patent Document 1 condenses laser light with a lens to achieve a very high energy density, and generates a hole called a keyhole to insert a thick plate with high efficiency and low insertion. While maintaining the characteristics of a general laser welding method that welds to heat, we attempted thick plate welding with a low-power laser transmitter, and improved groove accuracy and construction tolerance, as well as vertical welding. Application is difficult.

上記特許文献２は、一般の溶接でも使用される熱源揺動（ウィービング）を高精度なワイヤ位置制御およびシールド方法と併用して狭開先溶接を高能率に行う方法であり、アークを熱源とする狭開先溶接法の代替を目指したものである。したがって、ワイヤ加熱による高能率化やレーザ反射光を用いた母材溶融による低入熱化および厚板突合せ継手の立向き単層高能率溶接などは実現出来ない。   The above-mentioned Patent Document 2 is a method of performing narrow gap welding with high efficiency by using heat source fluctuation (weaving), which is also used in general welding, in combination with a highly accurate wire position control and shielding method. It aims to replace the narrow groove welding method. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve high efficiency by wire heating, low heat input by melting the base material using laser reflected light, and single-layer high-efficiency welding of upright butt joints.

従来は極厚鋼板の立向き接合には、レーザ溶接法を適用するにはかなりの改善の余地があるので、高能率なエレクトロスラグ溶接法やエレクトロガス溶接法が適用されている。これらの溶接法は単層立向き上進の高能率自動溶接法であるが、大入熱溶接のため、溶接継ぎ手部の破壊靭性確保が重要な課題となっており、エレクトロスラグ溶接に比べて大幅に入熱を低減できる溶接方法が求められている。   Conventionally, there is room for improvement in applying the laser welding method to the upright joining of extra-thick steel plates. Therefore, highly efficient electroslag welding method and electrogas welding method are applied. These welding methods are high-efficiency automatic welding methods with single-layer vertical upswing, but because of the high heat input welding, securing fracture toughness at the weld joint is an important issue, compared to electroslag welding. There is a need for a welding method that can significantly reduce heat input.

そこで本発明の課題は、２０ｍｍ程度以上の極厚鋼板突合せ立向き溶接継手部の破壊靭性の確保をするために、エレクトロスラグ溶接やエレクトロガス溶接に比べて大幅に熱入を低減でき、同等以上の施工能率を低出力のレーザ発信器で実現出来るホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法と装置を提供することである。   Therefore, the object of the present invention is to significantly reduce heat input compared to electroslag welding or electrogas welding in order to ensure the fracture toughness of the butt-welded welded joints of ultra-thick steel plates of about 20 mm or more. It is to provide a hot wire laser welding method and apparatus that can realize the construction efficiency of the above with a low-power laser transmitter.

上記問題は、次の構成によって解決される。
請求項１記載の発明は、ワイヤトーチから送給される溶接ワイヤを抵抗発熱により加熱してホットワイヤとし、被溶接金属材料（以下、母材と称することがある）をリモートレーザヘッドから照射されるレーザ光により開先内を繰り返し往復させながら単層立向き上進溶接をするホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法において、レーザ光の焦点を外して得られるレーザスポットを一対の母材間にできるギャップ内に照射して該母材を溶融すると共に、前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材間に通電して該溶接ワイヤの抵抗発熱により加熱して溶接ワイヤをホットワイヤとして前記母材の溶融部分に供給して、溶融した母材と溶融したホットワイヤからなる溶融プールを形成し、一対の母材のいずれか一方の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させ、次いで母材の他方の溶接側開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させる動作を繰り返して母材同士を溶接することを特徴とするホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法である。 The above problem is solved by the following configuration.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a welding wire fed from a wire torch is heated by resistance heat to form a hot wire, and a metal material to be welded (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a base material) is irradiated from a remote laser head. In a hot-wire laser welding method in which single-layer vertical welding is performed while reciprocating the inside of a groove repeatedly with laser light, a laser spot obtained by removing the focus of the laser light is irradiated into a gap formed between a pair of base materials. The base metal is melted, and the welding wire is energized between the base metal and heated by resistance heat generation of the welding wire, and the welding wire is supplied as a hot wire to the molten portion of the base metal to be melted. A laser is formed so that a molten pool consisting of the molten base material and the molten hot wire is formed, and passes through the boundary between the weld groove wall surface of one of the pair of base materials and the molten pool. Hot wire laser welding characterized by welding the base materials by moving the pot and then repeating the operation of moving the laser spot so that it passes through the boundary line between the other weld side groove wall surface of the base material and the molten pool Is the method.

請求項２記載の発明は、一方の母材の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と他方の母材の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と、前記一対の境界線の互いに反対側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通るジグザグ線上又は前記一対の境界線の同じ側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通る矩形線上を前記レーザスポットが通るようにレーザ光を照射することを特徴とする請求項１記載のホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法である。
なお、レーザスポットの移動は、２００ｍｍ／秒以上の走査速度で高速移動させると安定的に溶融プールが形成され、溶接を続行できるので望ましい。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, the weld groove wall surface of one base metal and the boundary line of the molten pool, the weld groove wall surface of the other base material and the boundary line of the melt pool, and opposite sides of the pair of boundary lines. Irradiating a laser beam so that the laser spot passes on a zigzag line passing through a line connecting the ends of the pair of lines or a rectangular line passing through a line connecting the ends on the same side of the pair of boundary lines. The hot wire laser welding method according to claim 1.
The laser spot is preferably moved at a high scanning speed of 200 mm / second or more because a molten pool is stably formed and welding can be continued.

請求項３記載の発明は、リモートレーザヘッドとワイヤトーチを共に上昇させながら常に溶融プールにホットワイヤを連続して供給して一対の母材の開先壁面の間で単層立向き上進溶接を行う請求項１記載のホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法である。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, while the remote laser head and the wire torch are both lifted, a hot wire is continuously supplied to the molten pool so that a single layer standing upward welding is performed between the groove wall surfaces of a pair of base materials. The hot wire laser welding method according to claim 1 to be performed.

請求項４記載の発明は、レーザスポットが一対の母材の各溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上を通り、かつ母材の各溶接開先壁面に隣接する被溶接金属材料の上面を通らないように母材の各溶接開先壁面の形状に合わせてレーザ光の光学的焦点位置をずらしながらレーザ光を高速で移動させながらレーザ光を照射することを特徴とする請求項１記載のホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法である。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the laser spot passes through the upper surface of the welded metal material adjacent to each weld groove wall surface of the base material and passing through the boundary line between each weld groove wall surface of the pair of base materials and the molten pool. The hot irradiation according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is irradiated while moving the laser beam at a high speed while shifting the optical focus position of the laser beam in accordance with the shape of each weld groove wall surface of the base material. This is a wire laser welding method.

請求項５記載の発明は、一対の母材の開先壁面の溶接部へ溶接ワイヤを送給するためのフィラーワイヤ送給ノズルと、ホットワイヤを得るための溶接ワイヤの加熱電源装置と、前記溶接部に形成される溶融プールを監視するために使用される監視カメラと、前記溶接部へ不活性シールドガスを供給するための不活性シールドガス供給装置と、レーザ光の焦点を外して得られるレーザスポットを一対の母材のいずれか一方の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るように移動させ、次いで母材の他方の溶接側開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るように移動させる動作を繰り返して溶接部にレーザ光を照射するレーザスポット走査機構を有するレーザ装置を備えたホットワイヤレーザ溶接装置である。   The invention according to claim 5 is a filler wire feeding nozzle for feeding a welding wire to a welded portion of a groove wall surface of a pair of base materials, a heating power supply device for the welding wire for obtaining a hot wire, Obtained by defocusing the laser beam, a surveillance camera used to monitor the molten pool formed in the weld, an inert shield gas supply device for supplying an inert shield gas to the weld, and Move the laser spot so that it passes through the boundary line between the weld groove wall surface of one of the pair of base metals and the molten pool, and then pass through the boundary line between the other weld side groove wall surface of the base metal and the molten pool. It is a hot wire laser welding apparatus provided with a laser device having a laser spot scanning mechanism for irradiating a welded portion with laser light by repeating the movement operation.

（作用）
本発明の請求項１，５記載の発明によれば、レーザ光の焦点を外して得られるレーザスポットを一対の母材間にできるギャップ内に照射して該母材を溶融すると共に、前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材間に通電して該溶接ワイヤの抵抗発熱により加熱して溶接ワイヤをホットワイヤとして前記母材の溶融部分に供給して溶融した母材と溶融したホットワイヤからなる溶融プールを形成し、一対の母材のいずれか一方の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させ、次いで母材の他方の溶接側開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させる動作を繰り返して母材同士を溶接することで両方の母材の開先壁面間の母材溶着促進効果と溶着金属の積層時の溶接欠陥抑制効果がある。 (Function)
According to the first and fifth aspects of the present invention, a laser spot obtained by defocusing the laser beam is irradiated into a gap formed between a pair of base materials to melt the base material, and the welding is performed. A molten pool comprising a molten base material and a molten hot wire is supplied by energizing between the wire and the base material and heated by resistance heat generation of the welding wire to supply the welding wire as a hot wire to the molten portion of the base material. And move the laser spot so that it passes through the boundary between the weld groove wall surface of one of the pair of base metals and the molten pool, and then the boundary line between the other weld side wall surface of the base metal and the molten pool is formed. By repeating the operation of moving the laser spot so as to pass through and welding the base materials, there is an effect of promoting the welding of the base metal between the groove wall surfaces of both base materials, and the effect of suppressing welding defects during the lamination of the weld metal.

このうち、レーザスポットが一方の母材の開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通ることで、溶融プール表面で反射したレーザ光線が一方の母材の開先壁面を照射・溶融するので、母材同士の溶着が促進される。   Of these, the laser spot passes through the boundary between the groove wall of one base material and the molten pool, so that the laser beam reflected by the surface of the molten pool irradiates and melts the groove wall surface of one base material. Welding between materials is promoted.

また、開先壁面のギャップの中央端部にフィラーワイヤを挿入して溶融プール内でフィラーワイヤを溶融させることで、レーザ光がフィラーワイヤ上を直接照射してフィラーワイヤが過度なレーザ照射によって溶断しないようにしている。   In addition, the filler wire is inserted into the center end of the gap on the groove wall surface, and the filler wire is melted in the molten pool, so that the laser beam is directly irradiated on the filler wire and the filler wire is blown by excessive laser irradiation. I try not to.

仮にフィラーワイヤがレーザで直接照射され、過度に加熱されると、その際、溶融したワイヤが液滴（スパッタ）となり、開先壁面内を上部方向に飛散したり、フィラーワイヤ切断にともなう通電加熱停止が生じて溶接作業の阻害が生じる。また、レーザスポットが開先壁面よりも外側を通る場合、溶融すべき溶接位置にない被溶接金属材料の部位が溶融するので、溶着金属を積層する際の障害となることに加え、溶融プールへのレーザ光の照射が不十分となり溶接作業が阻害される。   If the filler wire is directly irradiated with a laser and heated excessively, the melted wire becomes droplets (sputters), and the inside of the groove wall surface is scattered upward, or the heating is carried out when the filler wire is cut. Stopping occurs and hinders the welding operation. In addition, when the laser spot passes outside the groove wall surface, the portion of the metal material to be welded that is not at the welding position to be melted melts. The laser beam irradiation becomes insufficient, and the welding operation is hindered.

請求項２に記載の発明によれば、一方の母材の開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と他方の母材の開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と、前記一対の境界線の互いに反対側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通るジグザグ線上又は前記一対の境界線の同じ側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通る矩形線上を前記レーザスポットが通るようにレーザ光を照射することで、常に溶融プールにレーザ光の照射で母材側から溶着金属を供給することができるので溶接欠陥の少ない厚板の溶接が可能となる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, the pair of boundary lines are opposite to each other on the boundary line between the groove wall surface of one base material and the molten pool, on the boundary wall surface of the groove wall surface of the other base material and the molten pool. By irradiating the laser beam so that the laser spot passes through a zigzag line that passes through the line connecting the end portions on the side or a rectangular line that passes through the line connecting the end portions on the same side of the pair of boundary lines, Since the weld metal can always be supplied from the base material side to the molten pool by laser light irradiation, it is possible to weld a thick plate with few welding defects.

請求項３記載の発明によれば、リモートレーザヘッドとワイヤトーチを共に上昇させながら常に溶融プールにホットワイヤを連続して送給して単層立向き上進溶接を行うことで、船舶などに利用される板厚２０ｍｍ以上の母材同士を容易に溶接できる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, the hot wire is continuously fed continuously to the molten pool while the remote laser head and the wire torch are both raised, and the single layer standing upward welding is performed. The base materials having a thickness of 20 mm or more can be easily welded.

請求項４記載の発明によれば、母材の各開先壁面の形状に合わせてリモートレーザヘッドを用いてレーザ光の光学的焦点位置をずらしてレーザ光を高速に移動させながらレーザ光を照射することで、母材の各壁面の形状が異形であっても溶接が可能となる。   According to the invention described in claim 4, the laser beam is irradiated while moving the laser beam at high speed by shifting the optical focus position of the laser beam using the remote laser head in accordance with the shape of each groove wall surface of the base material. Thus, welding is possible even if the shape of each wall surface of the base material is irregular.

請求項５記載の発明によれば、請求項１記載の発明の作用の他に、例えばレーザスキャナと呼ばれる複数の鏡を組み合わせたレーザ装置のレーザスポット走査機構が溶融プール表面において、溶接部近傍に対してレーザスポットを２次元走査するために使用される。   According to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the action of the invention described in claim 1, a laser spot scanning mechanism of a laser device combining, for example, a plurality of mirrors called a laser scanner is provided in the vicinity of the welded portion on the surface of the molten pool. In contrast, it is used for two-dimensional scanning of the laser spot.

溶融プール監視カメラは、レーザ光線照射方向と同じ方向から溶融プールを観察し、レーザスポットの走査範囲を決定するために使用される装置であるが、レーザの光軸とは異なる方向に設置したカメラを用いても良い。   The molten pool monitoring camera is a device that is used to observe the molten pool from the same direction as the laser beam irradiation direction and determine the scanning range of the laser spot, but is a camera installed in a direction different from the optical axis of the laser May be used.

フィラーワイヤは、開先壁面ギャップを埋めるための溶着金属形成に使用される。フィラーワイヤには、ホットワイヤ加熱電源装置によって母材との間に電流が流れ、フィラーワイヤがジュール加熱される。これにより、低出力レーザ溶接装置を用いても溶融プールの大きさが保たれる効果がある。   The filler wire is used for forming a weld metal for filling the groove wall gap. A current flows between the filler wire and the base material by the hot wire heating power supply device, and the filler wire is Joule heated. Thereby, even if it uses a low output laser welding apparatus, there exists an effect by which the magnitude | size of a fusion pool is maintained.

フィラーワイヤ供給ノズルは、例えば内部にフィラーワイヤのガイド孔を有する耐熱セラミックからなり、通電加熱によって柔らかくなったフィラーワイヤを溶融プールに導くためのものであり、フィラーワイヤが開先壁面に接触し、付着することで溶接作業が阻害されることを防止する効果がある。前記ガイド孔内部に、不活性シールドガス供給装置からアルゴン、窒素、炭酸ガス、ヘリウム、あるいはこれらの混合ガスを流通することで高温の溶融プール、高温の溶着金属及びフィラーワイヤの酸化防止効果が得られる。   The filler wire supply nozzle is made of, for example, a heat-resistant ceramic having a filler wire guide hole therein, and is for guiding the filler wire softened by energization heating to the molten pool, and the filler wire comes into contact with the groove wall surface, By adhering, there is an effect of preventing the welding operation from being hindered. By flowing argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, helium, or a mixed gas thereof from the inert shield gas supply device inside the guide hole, an anti-oxidation effect of the high-temperature molten pool, high-temperature deposited metal and filler wire is obtained. It is done.

こうして本発明によればエレクトロスラグ溶接方法の代替として、厚板単層立向き溶接の高能率および高品質な継ぎ手が実現可能となった。   Thus, according to the present invention, as an alternative to the electroslag welding method, a high-efficiency and high-quality joint for thick plate single layer vertical welding can be realized.

本発明の請求項１，５記載の発明によれば、一対の母材のいずれか一方の開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させ、次いで母材の他方の溶接側開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させる動作を繰り返して母材同士を溶接することで両方の母材の開先壁面間の溶接金属溶着促進効果と溶着金属の積層時の溶接欠陥抑制効果があり、エレクトロスラグ溶接やエレクトロガス溶接法に代わる２０ｍｍ以上の極厚板金属の溶接が可能になった。   According to the first and fifth aspects of the present invention, the laser spot is moved so as to pass through the boundary between the groove wall surface of one of the pair of base materials and the molten pool, and then the other of the base materials is welded. By welding the base materials by repeatedly moving the laser spot so that it passes through the boundary line between the side groove wall and the molten pool, the weld metal welding promotion effect between the groove walls of both base materials and the weld metal It has the effect of suppressing welding defects during lamination, and it has become possible to weld an extremely thick plate metal of 20 mm or more in place of electroslag welding or electrogas welding.

請求項２に記載の発明によれば、一方の母材の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と他方の母材の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と、前記一対の境界線の互いに反対側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通るジグザグ線上又は前記一対の境界線の同じ側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通る矩形線上を前記レーザスポットが通るようにレーザ光を照射することで、無駄なく常に溶融プールにレーザ光の照射で母材側から溶着金属を供給することができるので溶接欠陥の少ない厚板の溶接が可能となる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, the weld groove wall surface of one base metal and the boundary line of the molten pool, the weld groove wall surface of the other base material and the boundary line of the melt pool, and the pair of boundary lines Irradiating the laser beam so that the laser spot passes on a zigzag line passing through a line connecting the opposite ends to each other or a rectangular line passing through a line connecting the ends on the same side of the pair of boundary lines. Therefore, since it is possible to always supply the weld metal from the base material side by irradiating the laser beam to the molten pool without waste, it is possible to weld a thick plate with few welding defects.

請求項３記載の発明によれば、リモートレーザヘッドとワイヤトーチを共に上昇させながら常に溶融プールにホットワイヤを連続して送給できるので単層立向き上進溶接を行うことが可能となる。   According to the third aspect of the invention, since the hot wire can be continuously fed continuously to the molten pool while raising both the remote laser head and the wire torch, it is possible to perform the single layer standing upward welding.

請求項４記載の発明によれば、母材の各開先壁面の形状に合わせてリモートレーザヘッドを用いてレーザ光の光学的焦点位置をずらしてレーザ光を高速に移動させながらレーザ光を照射するこので、母材の各壁面の形状が異形であっても溶接が可能となる。   According to the invention described in claim 4, the laser beam is irradiated while moving the laser beam at high speed by shifting the optical focus position of the laser beam using the remote laser head in accordance with the shape of each groove wall surface of the base material. Thus, welding is possible even if the shape of each wall surface of the base material is irregular.

請求項５記載の発明によれば、溶融金属の開先壁面間の母材溶着促進効果と溶着金属の積層時の溶接欠陥抑制効果があり、エレクトロスラグ溶接やエレクトロガス溶接法に代わる２０ｍｍ以上の極厚板金属の溶接が可能になった。   According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, there is an effect of promoting the welding of the base metal between the groove wall surfaces of the molten metal and the effect of suppressing welding defects during the lamination of the deposited metal, and a thickness of 20 mm or more that replaces the electroslag welding or the electrogas welding method. It is now possible to weld extra heavy plate metal.

本発明のホットワイヤレーザ溶接装置の概略図である。It is the schematic of the hot wire laser welding apparatus of this invention. 本発明のホットワイヤレーザ溶接に用いるレーザスキャナの概略図である。It is the schematic of the laser scanner used for the hot wire laser welding of this invention. 本発明のホットワイヤレーザ溶接実施中の斜視図である。It is a perspective view during hot wire laser welding implementation of the present invention. 本発明のホットワイヤレーザ溶接のレーザ光移動軌跡の平面図である。It is a top view of the laser beam movement locus | trajectory of the hot wire laser welding of this invention. 本発明のホットワイヤレーザ溶接のレーザ光移動軌跡の平面図である。It is a top view of the laser beam movement locus | trajectory of the hot wire laser welding of this invention. 本発明のホットワイヤレーザ溶接された母剤の溶接部断面の写真である。2 is a photograph of a cross section of a welded portion of a base material that has been hot-wire laser welded according to the present invention. 比較例のホットワイヤレーザ溶接のレーザ光移動軌跡の平面図である。It is a top view of the laser beam movement locus | trajectory of the hot wire laser welding of a comparative example.

以下に添付の図面を参照して本発明の実施例を説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は、本発明であるホットワイヤレーザ溶接法に使用される溶接装置の構成および溶接中の状況について、溶接進行方向に対して左側面より見た状態を模式的に示している。   FIG. 1 schematically shows a configuration of a welding apparatus used in the hot wire laser welding method according to the present invention and a situation during welding as viewed from the left side with respect to the welding progress direction.

レーザ発振器１５によりレーザ溶接ヘッド１からレーザ光２が溶融プール７に向かって照射される。また、母材８の両開先壁面１０，１１に水冷された当て板（銅当て板）１３を当てがい、母材８とレーザ溶接ヘッド１で支持されるワイヤトーチ１６に電極を接続する。ワイヤトーチ１６にはワイヤ加熱電源装置５からの電流により抵抗加熱で加熱されている。そしてワイヤトーチ１６の先端を母材８の上面の近くに配置することでトーチ１６の先端と母材８の上面の間にアークを発生させる。   The laser beam 15 is irradiated from the laser welding head 1 toward the molten pool 7 by the laser oscillator 15. Further, a water-cooled contact plate (copper contact plate) 13 is applied to both groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 of the base material 8, and electrodes are connected to the wire torch 16 supported by the base material 8 and the laser welding head 1. The wire torch 16 is heated by resistance heating with a current from the wire heating power supply device 5. An arc is generated between the tip of the torch 16 and the top surface of the base material 8 by arranging the tip of the wire torch 16 near the top surface of the base material 8.

図２に示すようにレーザ溶接ヘッド１にはＸ軸ミラー３１とＹ軸ミラー３２からなるレーザ光線の２次元走査機構、いわゆるレーザスキャナが内蔵されており、レーザ光源３０からのレーザ光２をＸ軸ミラー３１とＹ軸ミラー３２により反射して二次元上の照射範囲３４に照射する。   As shown in FIG. 2, the laser welding head 1 incorporates a two-dimensional laser beam scanning mechanism composed of an X-axis mirror 31 and a Y-axis mirror 32, that is, a so-called laser scanner. The light is reflected by the axial mirror 31 and the Y-axis mirror 32 to irradiate a two-dimensional irradiation range 34.

図３にはレーザ溶接の進行中である母材８の両開先壁面部分の斜視図を示す。レーザ光２の焦点は溶融プール７の表面より上側にずれ、溶融プール７の表面上では約３〜５ｍｍ径のレーザスポット２１が形成されていることが分かる。
またシールドガス送給ノズル６から溶接部に向けてシールドガス２３が噴出する構成になっている。図３では母材８の両開先壁面１０，１１の幅は１０ｍｍ×２０ｍｍとした。 FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of both groove wall surfaces of the base material 8 during laser welding. It can be seen that the focal point of the laser beam 2 is shifted upward from the surface of the molten pool 7, and a laser spot 21 having a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm is formed on the surface of the molten pool 7.
The shield gas 23 is jetted from the shield gas feed nozzle 6 toward the welded portion. In FIG. 3, the width of both groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 of the base material 8 is 10 mm × 20 mm.

図４に示すように開先壁面１０，１１と溶融プール７の境界に出力３．５〜４．０ｋＷのレ−ザ光２をスポット径５ｍｍのレーザスポット２１として照射させながら開先壁壁面１０，１１に沿って約２００ｍｍ／秒の高速で矩形に移動させて、母材８の底部に溶融プ−ル７を形成させて、その溶融プ-ル７にワイヤ送給量８．２ｍＬ／分、ワイヤ電流２０５Ａで融点付近まで加熱したホットワイヤ３を挿入しながら図１の上下スライダ２２でレ−ザヘッド２とワイヤ３を０．５ｍ／分の速度で上昇させて単層立向き上進溶接を行った。こうして２つの被溶接金属材料（母材）８の間を溶接したときの断面写真を図６に示す。
開先壁面１０，１１と溶融プール７の境界にレ−ザ光２を照射させなかった場合には母材８の開先壁面１０，１１が溶融せずに溶着した溶着金属が母材８と結合しなかった。 As shown in FIG. 4, the laser beam 2 having an output of 3.5 to 4.0 kW is irradiated as a laser spot 21 having a spot diameter of 5 mm on the boundary between the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 and the molten pool 7. , 11 is moved to a rectangular shape at a high speed of about 200 mm / sec to form a molten pool 7 at the bottom of the base material 8, and a wire feed rate of 8.2 mL / min is supplied to the molten pool 7. While the hot wire 3 heated to near the melting point with the wire current 205A is inserted, the laser head 2 and the wire 3 are raised at a speed of 0.5 m / min by the vertical slider 22 in FIG. Went. FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional photograph when welding between two metal materials (base materials) 8 to be welded.
When the laser beam 2 is not irradiated to the boundary between the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 and the molten pool 7, the weld metal welded without melting the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 of the base material 8 is the base material 8. Did not combine.

図１に示すようにフィラーワイヤ送給装置２６から溶接部に向けてフィラーワイヤ３が送給される。ホットワイヤ加熱電源装置５によって、フィラーワイヤ３と母材８との間に電流を流し、フィラーワイヤ３をジュール熱により加熱する。フィラーワイヤ３は開先底面に形成された溶融プール７に対して５°進行方向後ろ側に倒した状態で固定されており、レーザ照射位置に対して溶接方向後側から送給する。
なお、ホットワイヤ加熱電源装置５とフィラーワイヤ送給装置２６は制御装置２７で制御されている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the filler wire 3 is fed from the filler wire feeding device 26 toward the welded portion. A hot wire heating power supply device 5 causes a current to flow between the filler wire 3 and the base material 8 to heat the filler wire 3 by Joule heat. The filler wire 3 is fixed to the molten pool 7 formed on the bottom surface of the groove in a state where the filler wire 3 is tilted backward by 5 ° in the traveling direction, and is fed from the rear side in the welding direction to the laser irradiation position.
The hot wire heating power supply device 5 and the filler wire feeding device 26 are controlled by a control device 27.

シールドガス送給ノズル６として溶融プール７および高温の溶着金属の酸化を防止するために不活性ガスを用いて溶接部に供給した。本実施例では不活性ガスとしてアルゴンガスを使用したが、窒素、炭酸ガス、ヘリウム又はこれらの混合ガスを用いても良い。   In order to prevent oxidation of the molten pool 7 and the high-temperature deposited metal as the shield gas feed nozzle 6, an inert gas was used to supply the welded portion. In this embodiment, argon gas is used as the inert gas, but nitrogen, carbon dioxide gas, helium, or a mixed gas thereof may be used.

比較例１Comparative Example 1

また、失敗事例では、デフォ−カスしたレーザスポット２１の径約３〜５ｍｍのレ−ザ光２を照射して図７に示す開先壁面１０，１１と溶融プール７の境界に未照射部ができた場合、母材８の開先壁面１０，１１が溶融せずに溶着金属が母材８と結合できなかった。   Moreover, in the failure example, the laser beam 2 having a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm of the defocused laser spot 21 is irradiated, and an unirradiated portion is formed at the boundary between the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 and the molten pool 7 shown in FIG. In this case, the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 of the base material 8 did not melt and the weld metal could not be bonded to the base material 8.

本実施例では、溶融プール７の表面にレーザスポット２１（図３参照）が形成されるよう、レーザ光２の焦点位置を溶接部上方とした。レーザ溶接ヘッド１は上下スライダ２２で上下方向に移動可能であり、レーザ光２の焦点を上下方向に移動させながら溶融プール７の表面に形成されるレーザスポット２１の径を変更することができる。さらに母材８の溶接が進行して溶融プール７の位置を上昇させることができる。   In this embodiment, the focal position of the laser beam 2 is set above the weld so that the laser spot 21 (see FIG. 3) is formed on the surface of the molten pool 7. The laser welding head 1 can be moved in the vertical direction by the vertical slider 22 and can change the diameter of the laser spot 21 formed on the surface of the molten pool 7 while moving the focal point of the laser beam 2 in the vertical direction. Furthermore, the welding of the base material 8 proceeds and the position of the molten pool 7 can be raised.

例えば、図５に示すようにレーザスポット２１の約３〜５ｍｍの径のレ−ザ光２を開先壁面１０，１１と開先底部に形成される溶融プール７の境界に照射するように開先壁面１０，１１に沿って約２００〜１０００ｍｍ／秒の走査速度で高速に移動させながら図１の上下スライダ２２でレ−ザヘッド１とワイヤ３を上昇させ、レ−ザ光２の出力を可変することにより、レーザスポット２１の径を小さくして母材８の突起部８ａを含む開先壁面１０，１１に隣接する母材８の上面にレーザ光２が照射されないように調節しながら単層立向き上進溶接を行うことができる。   For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the laser beam 2 having a diameter of about 3 to 5 mm of the laser spot 21 is opened so as to irradiate the boundary between the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 and the molten pool 7 formed at the groove bottom. The laser head 1 and the wire 3 are lifted by the vertical slider 22 shown in FIG. 1 while moving at high speed along the front wall surfaces 10 and 11 at a scanning speed of about 200 to 1000 mm / second, and the output of the laser beam 2 is variable. As a result, the diameter of the laser spot 21 is reduced, and a single layer is adjusted while adjusting so that the upper surface of the base material 8 adjacent to the groove wall surfaces 10 and 11 including the protrusions 8a of the base material 8 is not irradiated. Vertical upward welding can be performed.

１ レーザ溶接ヘッド ２ レーザ光
３ フィラーワイヤ ５ ワイヤ加熱電源装置
６ シールドガス送給ノズル ７ 溶融プール
８ 母材 １０，１１ 開先壁面
１３ 当て板 １５ レーザ発振器
１６ ワイヤトーチ ２１ レーザスポット
２２ 上下スライダ ２３ シールドガス
２６ フィラーワイヤ送給装置 ２７ 制御装置
３０ レーザ光源 ３１ Ｘ軸ミラー
３２ Ｙ軸ミラー ３４ 照射範囲 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Laser welding head 2 Laser beam 3 Filler wire 5 Wire heating power supply device 6 Shield gas feed nozzle 7 Molten pool 8 Base material 10,11 Groove wall surface 13 Contact plate 15 Laser oscillator 16 Wire torch 21 Laser spot 22 Upper and lower slider 23 Shield gas 26 Filler wire feeding device 27 Control device 30 Laser light source 31 X-axis mirror 32 Y-axis mirror 34 Irradiation range

Claims (5)

ワイヤトーチから送給される溶接ワイヤを抵抗発熱により加熱してホットワイヤとし、母材をリモートレーザヘッドから照射されるレーザ光により溶接進行方向に繰り返し往復させながら多層盛溶接をするホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法において、
レーザ光の焦点を外して得られるレーザスポットを一対の母材の開先壁面の間にできるギャップ内に照射して該母材を溶融すると共に、前記溶接ワイヤと前記母材間に通電して該溶接ワイヤの抵抗発熱により加熱して溶接ワイヤをホットワイヤとして前記母材の溶融部分に供給して溶融した母材と溶融したホットワイヤからなる溶融プールを形成し、
一対の母材のいずれか一方の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させ、次いで母材の他方の溶接側開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るようにレーザスポットを移動させる動作を繰り返して母材同士を溶接することを特徴とするホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法。 A hot wire laser welding method in which a welding wire fed from a wire torch is heated by resistance heating to form a hot wire, and multilayer welding is performed while the base material is repeatedly reciprocated in the welding progress direction by a laser beam irradiated from a remote laser head. In
A laser spot obtained by defocusing the laser beam is irradiated into a gap formed between the groove wall surfaces of a pair of base materials to melt the base material and energize between the welding wire and the base material. Heating the welding wire by resistance heat generation, supplying the welding wire as a hot wire to the molten portion of the base material to form a molten pool composed of the molten base material and the molten hot wire,
Move the laser spot so that it passes through the boundary between the weld groove wall surface of one of the pair of base metals and the molten pool, and then pass through the boundary line between the other weld side groove wall of the base metal and the molten pool A hot wire laser welding method comprising welding base materials by repeating an operation of moving a laser spot. 一方の母材の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と他方の母材の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上と、前記一対の境界線の互いに反対側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通るジグザグ線上又は前記一対の境界線の同じ側の端部同士を結ぶ線上をそれぞれ通る矩形線上を前記レーザスポットが通るようにレーザ光を照射することを特徴とする請求項１記載のホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法。   On the boundary line between the weld groove wall surface of one base metal and the molten pool, on the boundary line of the weld groove wall surface of the other base material and the molten pool, and on the line connecting the ends opposite to each other of the pair of boundary lines 2. The hot wire according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is irradiated so that the laser spot passes on a zigzag line that passes through each other or a rectangular line that passes through a line connecting the ends on the same side of the pair of boundary lines. Laser welding method. リモートレーザヘッドとワイヤトーチを共に上昇させながら常に溶融プールにホットワイヤを連続して供給して一対の母材の開先壁面の間で単層立向き上進溶接を行う請求項１記載のホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法。   2. The hot wire according to claim 1, wherein the hot wire is continuously supplied to the molten pool while the remote laser head and the wire torch are both lifted, and the single-layer vertical welding is performed between the groove wall surfaces of the pair of base materials. Laser welding method. レーザスポットが一対の母材の各溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線上を通り、かつ母材の各溶接開先壁面に隣接する母材の上面を通らないように各溶接開先壁面の形状に合わせてレーザ光の光学的焦点位置をずらしながらレーザ光を移動させながらレーザ光を照射することを特徴とする請求項１記載のホットワイヤレーザ溶接方法。   The shape of each weld groove wall surface so that the laser spot passes over the boundary between each weld groove wall surface of the pair of base metals and the molten pool and does not pass through the upper surface of the base material adjacent to each weld groove wall surface of the base material 2. The hot wire laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is irradiated while moving the laser beam while shifting the optical focus position of the laser beam according to the above. 一対の母材の開先壁面の溶接部へ溶接ワイヤを送給するためのフィラーワイヤ送給ノズルと、
ホットワイヤを得るための溶接ワイヤの加熱電源装置と、
前記溶接部に形成される溶融プールを監視するために使用される監視カメラと、
溶接部へ不活性シールドガスを供給するための不活性シールドガス供給装置と、
レーザ光の焦点を外して得られるレーザスポットを一対の母材のいずれか一方の溶接開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るように移動させ、次いで母材の他方の溶接側開先壁面と溶融プールの境界線を通るように移動させる動作を繰り返して溶接部にレーザ光を照射するレーザスポット走査機構を有するレーザ装置
を備えたホットワイヤレーザ溶接装置。 A filler wire feeding nozzle for feeding a welding wire to a welded portion of a groove wall surface of a pair of base materials;
A welding wire heating power supply to obtain a hot wire;
A monitoring camera used to monitor the molten pool formed in the weld;
An inert shielding gas supply device for supplying an inert shielding gas to the weld; and
Move the laser spot obtained by defocusing the laser beam so that it passes through the boundary between the weld groove wall surface of one of the pair of base metals and the molten pool, and then the other weld side groove wall surface of the base material. A hot wire laser welding apparatus including a laser device having a laser spot scanning mechanism that irradiates a laser beam to a welded portion by repeatedly moving the molten pool so as to pass through the boundary line of the molten pool.
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CN104384717A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-03-04 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Swinging laser and hot wire welding method for implementing butt welding on narrow gap of thick plate
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CN103567650A (en) * 2013-10-24 2014-02-12 清华大学 Optimization method for laser hot wire welding process
JP2015178130A (en) * 2014-03-20 2015-10-08 日立造船株式会社 Welding device and welding method
CN104384717A (en) * 2014-11-12 2015-03-04 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 Swinging laser and hot wire welding method for implementing butt welding on narrow gap of thick plate
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WO2022257669A1 (en) * 2021-06-11 2022-12-15 哈尔滨焊接研究院有限公司 Pulsed wire feeding method based on laser-gma arc composite heat source wire-filled welding

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