JP2012205719A - Sphygmomanometer - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は血圧計に関し、特にカフを用いた自動血圧計に関する。 The present invention relates to a sphygmomanometer, and more particularly to an automatic sphygmomanometer using a cuff.
非観血的に血圧を測定する血圧計には様々な原理を利用したものが存在するが、中でも、オシロメトリック法に基づく自動血圧計は最もよく知られたものであろう。オシロメトリック法に基づく自動血圧計は、被測定者の四肢、例えば上腕部に取り付けたカフを用いて取り付け部位の脈波を検出し、カフが血管を圧迫する力が平均血圧と等しい際に血管の容積変化が最大となることを利用して血圧を測定するものである。 There are various blood pressure measuring devices that measure blood pressure noninvasively, and among them, an automatic blood pressure measuring device based on the oscillometric method is the most well known. An automatic sphygmomanometer based on the oscillometric method detects a pulse wave at the attachment site using a cuff attached to the limb of the measurement subject, for example, the upper arm, and the blood vessel when the force with which the cuff compresses the blood vessel is equal to the average blood pressure. The blood pressure is measured by taking advantage of the fact that the volume change of the blood pressure becomes maximum.
具体的には、カフに給気して取り付け部位を圧迫、駆血した後、排気しながらカフの圧力を検出することにより、圧迫力が最低血圧を下回るまで脈波の重畳した圧力信号を取得する。そして、フィルタを用いて圧力信号から脈波信号を分離し、分離された脈波信号の全区間を通じて最大振幅（最大のピークツーピーク値。以下「振幅」はピークツーピーク値として用いる。）を観測した時点におけるカフの圧力値が平均血圧に等しいものと判定する。最高血圧及び最低血圧は、この最大振幅を基準として、所定の条件を満たす大きさの振幅が検出された時点のカフの圧力値として決定するのが一般的である（例えば、非特許文献１参照）。 Specifically, after pressure is supplied to the cuff to compress and drive the attachment site, the cuff pressure is detected while exhausting to obtain a pressure signal with a pulse wave superimposed until the compression force falls below the minimum blood pressure. To do. Then, the pulse wave signal is separated from the pressure signal using a filter, and the maximum amplitude (maximum peak-to-peak value. Hereinafter, “amplitude” is used as a peak-to-peak value) throughout the entire section of the separated pulse wave signal. It is determined that the cuff pressure value at the time of observation is equal to the average blood pressure. The maximum blood pressure and the minimum blood pressure are generally determined as cuff pressure values at the time when an amplitude having a magnitude satisfying a predetermined condition is detected with reference to the maximum amplitude (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). ).
体温と同様、血圧についても短時間で測定可能であることが望まれている。カフを用いる血圧計において測定時間を短縮するには、測定開始から駆血までの時間を短縮することが効果的であり、そのためにカフへ給気するポンプの流量を増加させることが考えられる。しかしながら、ポンプの流量を大きくすると、以下に説明するような別の問題が発生する。 Like body temperature, it is desired that blood pressure can be measured in a short time. In order to shorten the measurement time in a sphygmomanometer using a cuff, it is effective to shorten the time from the start of measurement to blood pumping. For this purpose, it is conceivable to increase the flow rate of a pump that supplies air to the cuff. However, when the flow rate of the pump is increased, another problem described below occurs.
この種の血圧計においては一般にカフが交換可能であり、装着されたカフの種類に応じた給排気制御を行う必要がある。例えば、カフの大きさ（より厳密にはカフに組み込まれた空気袋（ブラダー）の大きさ）は成人用カフと小児用カフでは大きく異なる。そのため、血圧計には装着されたカフの大きさを検出する機能が設けられている。例えば、給気開始後の所定期間におけるカフ圧力の変化を測定し、予め測定されているカフの大きさに応じたカフ圧力の変化と対比することで、カフの大きさを検出する。カフが小さい場合、カフが大きい場合よりもカフ圧力の上昇が早いため、このような検出が可能である。 In this type of sphygmomanometer, the cuff is generally replaceable, and it is necessary to perform air supply / exhaust control according to the type of cuff attached. For example, the size of the cuff (more precisely, the size of the bladder embedded in the cuff) differs greatly between an adult cuff and a child cuff. For this reason, the sphygmomanometer is provided with a function of detecting the size of the attached cuff. For example, the change in the cuff pressure in a predetermined period after the start of air supply is measured, and the magnitude of the cuff is detected by comparing with the change in the cuff pressure corresponding to the magnitude of the cuff measured in advance. Such detection is possible when the cuff is small because the cuff pressure rises faster than when the cuff is large.
上述の通り、カフに応じた給排気制御を行う必要があるため、カフの種類（大きさ）の検出は給気開始直後に実行される。しかしながら、流量の大きなポンプを用いた場合、カフの種類を誤検出する場合があることがわかった。 As described above, since it is necessary to perform air supply / exhaust control according to the cuff, detection of the type (size) of the cuff is performed immediately after the start of air supply. However, when using a pump with a large flow rate, it has been found that the type of cuff may be erroneously detected.
カフとポンプとはエアホース（以下、単にホースという）によって接続されるが、ホース内の空気やホースジョイントに含まれるオリフィスが抵抗となり、多くの気体を送り込もうとすると、ポンプ近傍で計測されるカフ圧力には、給気開始直後にカフ圧力が持ち上がる現象が起こる（オフセット圧の発生）。オフセット圧Ｐ０は、ポンプの流量Ｑと、ホースの抵抗Ｒの積に比例する（Ｐ０∝Ｑ×Ｒ）。 The cuff and the pump are connected by an air hose (hereinafter simply referred to as a hose), but the air in the hose and the orifice included in the hose joint become resistance, and if you try to send in a lot of gas, it will be measured near the pump The cuff pressure has a phenomenon that the cuff pressure increases immediately after the start of air supply (offset pressure generation). The offset pressure P0 is proportional to the product of the pump flow rate Q and the hose resistance R (P0∝Q × R).
オフセット圧は急激な圧力の立ち上がりであるため、オフセット圧が発生すると、上述した給気開始直後のカフ検出において、小さいカフが装着されているものと誤検出する場合がある。このような誤検出がなされると、安全のため急速排気し、小児用カフ用の加圧制御に切り替えて給気を開始する。こうなると、加圧が緩やかに行われるため、加圧時間が非常に長くなる上、カフの加圧が十分になされない（小児用カフの場合、成人用カフよりも加圧上限が低いため）。特に、ホースが延長された場合など、ホースが長くなるとホースの抵抗Ｒが増大するため、オフセット圧も大きくなり、誤検出の確率が高くなる。 Since the offset pressure is a sudden rise in pressure, when the offset pressure is generated, it may be erroneously detected that the small cuff is attached in the above-described cuff detection immediately after the start of air supply. If such a false detection is made, the pump is quickly exhausted for safety, and the air supply is started by switching to the pressurization control for the child cuff. When this happens, pressurization is performed slowly, so the pressurization time becomes very long and the cuff is not fully pressurized (because the cuff for children is lower than the upper limit of the cuff for adults) . In particular, when the hose is lengthened, such as when the hose is extended, the resistance R of the hose increases, so that the offset pressure increases and the probability of erroneous detection increases.
本発明はこのような従来技術の課題に鑑みなされたものであり、カフを用いる血圧計において、カフの正しい判別と加圧速度の高速化との両立を実現することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to realize both the correct determination of the cuff and the increase of the pressurization speed in a sphygmomanometer using a cuff.
上述の目的は、カフと、カフに給気して加圧するポンプと、ポンプとカフとを接続する、給気用ホースを含む給気用経路と、カフまたは給気用ホースと、ポンプが給気する気体の流量を制御するための流量制御弁とを接続する、カフ圧検出用ホースを含む検出用経路と、検出用経路に接続された第１の圧力センサと、第１の圧力センサによって検出されるカフの圧力により、カフの種類を判別し、判別したカフの種類に応じたポンプの給排気制御を行う制御手段と、を有することを特徴とする血圧計によって達成される。 The above-described object is to provide a cuff, a pump for supplying and pressurizing the cuff, an air supply path including an air supply hose connecting the pump and the cuff, a cuff or an air supply hose, and a pump. A detection path including a cuff pressure detection hose, which is connected to a flow rate control valve for controlling the flow rate of gas to be discharged, a first pressure sensor connected to the detection path, and a first pressure sensor This is achieved by a sphygmomanometer that includes control means for determining the type of the cuff based on the detected pressure of the cuff and performing supply / exhaust control of the pump in accordance with the determined type of the cuff.
このような構成により、本発明によれば、カフを用いる血圧計において、カフの正しい判別と加圧速度の高速化との両立を実現することが可能となる。 With such a configuration, according to the present invention, in the sphygmomanometer using a cuff, it is possible to realize both the correct determination of the cuff and the increase in the pressurization speed.
以下、図面を参照して、本発明を例示的な実施形態に基づき詳細に説明する。
図１は、本発明の実施形態に係る血圧計の構成例を示すブロック図である。血圧計１００は、装置本体１００ａと、カフ１５０と、装置本体１００ａとカフとを接続するホース１２１，１２２とに大別される。従来の血圧計では、本体１００ａとカフ１５０との間は１本のホースで接続される構成を有するが、本実施形態に係る血圧計１００は、カフ１５０と装置本体１００ａとが、本体１００ａから、少なくとも本体１００ａとカフ１５０との間の所定位置まで、二本のホース１２１，１２２によって接続される構成を有する。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a sphygmomanometer according to an embodiment of the present invention. The sphygmomanometer 100 is roughly divided into an apparatus main body 100a, a cuff 150, and hoses 121 and 122 that connect the apparatus main body 100a and the cuff. The conventional sphygmomanometer has a configuration in which the main body 100a and the cuff 150 are connected by a single hose. However, the sphygmomanometer 100 according to the present embodiment includes the cuff 150 and the apparatus main body 100a from the main body 100a. In addition, at least a predetermined position between the main body 100a and the cuff 150 is connected by the two hoses 121 and 122.
装置本体１００ａとホース１２１，１２２とは、それぞれホースジョイント１２５，１２６によって着脱可能に接続される。以下、本明細書において、ポンプ１０２からホースジョイント１２５に至る気体流路１１１とホース１２１とを合わせて「給気用経路」、ホース１２２と、ホースジョイント１２６から流量制御弁（定排気弁）１０４に至る気体流路１１２とを合わせて「検出用経路」と呼ぶ。また、ホース１２１を給気用ホース、ホース１２２を検出用ホースとも呼ぶ。 The apparatus main body 100a and the hoses 121 and 122 are detachably connected by hose joints 125 and 126, respectively. Hereinafter, in this specification, the gas flow path 111 extending from the pump 102 to the hose joint 125 and the hose 121 are combined to provide a “supply path”, and the hose 122 and the hose joint 126 to the flow control valve (constant exhaust valve) 104. The gas flow path 112 leading to is collectively referred to as a “detection path”. The hose 121 is also called an air supply hose, and the hose 122 is also called a detection hose.
気体流路１１１には急速排気弁１０３が、気体流路１１２には第１圧力センサ１０５と流量制御弁１０４が、それぞれ接続される。なお、図１に示した第２の圧力センサ１１０は本実施形態に必須でないため、以下では第２の圧力センサ１１０が無いものとして説明する。 A quick exhaust valve 103 is connected to the gas flow path 111, and a first pressure sensor 105 and a flow control valve 104 are connected to the gas flow path 112. Since the second pressure sensor 110 shown in FIG. 1 is not essential to the present embodiment, the following description will be made assuming that the second pressure sensor 110 is not provided.
制御部１０１は、血圧計１００全体の動作を制御し、カフ判別を含む自動血圧測定を実現する。なお、制御部１０１は、例えばマイクロプロセッサ（ＣＰＵ）と、ＣＰＵが実行するための制御ソフトウェアを記憶した不揮発性メモリと、制御ソフトウェアの実行に用いられる揮発性メモリとを有し、ＣＰＵが制御ソフトウェアを実行して血圧計１００の各部を制御することにより、自動血圧測定を含む機能を実現する。 The control unit 101 controls the entire operation of the sphygmomanometer 100 to realize automatic blood pressure measurement including cuff discrimination. The control unit 101 includes, for example, a microprocessor (CPU), a nonvolatile memory that stores control software to be executed by the CPU, and a volatile memory that is used to execute the control software. Is executed to control each part of the sphygmomanometer 100, thereby realizing a function including automatic blood pressure measurement.
血圧計１００において、カフ１５０は、例えば腕帯のような装着具（図示せず）に組み込まれており、駆血可能な任意の部位（一般には四肢のいずれか）に装着される。カフ１５０は内部に図示しないエアバッグ（ブラダー）を有し、エアバッグは、接続されたホース１２１を通じてポンプ１０２から供給される気体（ここでは空気とする）より膨張し、被測定者のカフ装着部位を圧迫する。 In the sphygmomanometer 100, the cuff 150 is incorporated in a wearing tool (not shown) such as an arm band, and is attached to an arbitrary site (generally, one of the extremities) that can be driven. The cuff 150 has an air bag (bladder) (not shown) inside, and the air bag is inflated from a gas (here, air) supplied from the pump 102 through the connected hose 121, and the subject's cuff is attached. Squeeze the area.
駆血までは流量制御弁１０４及び急速排気弁１０３は閉じられ、駆血後血圧決定までの脈波検出時には流量制御弁１０４が、血圧決定後にはさらに急速排気弁１０３が、それぞれ制御部１０１の制御に基づいて開かれる。 The flow control valve 104 and the quick exhaust valve 103 are closed until blood pumping, the flow control valve 104 is detected when detecting a pulse wave until blood pressure is determined after blood pumping, and the quick exhaust valve 103 is further connected to the control unit 101 after blood pressure is determined. Open based on control.
第１圧力センサ１０５は例えばピエゾ素子などを用いた圧力−電気変換センサであり、カフ（エアバッグ）内部の圧力を電気信号に変換して出力する。この電気信号（圧力信号）は、制御部１０１もしくは図示しないＡ／Ｄコンバータによって所定周波数でサンプリングされ、デジタルデータ化される。制御部１０１はデジタルデータ化された圧力信号に対してフィルタ処理などの信号処理を行い、圧力信号から脈波信号を抽出し、公知な方法に基づいて脈波信号を処理することにより血圧値を決定する。 The first pressure sensor 105 is a pressure-electric conversion sensor using, for example, a piezo element, and converts the pressure inside the cuff (airbag) into an electrical signal and outputs it. This electric signal (pressure signal) is sampled at a predetermined frequency by the control unit 101 or an A / D converter (not shown) and converted into digital data. The control unit 101 performs signal processing such as filter processing on the pressure signal converted into digital data, extracts a pulse wave signal from the pressure signal, and processes the pulse wave signal based on a known method to obtain a blood pressure value. decide.
制御部１０１は、ポンプ１０２及び流量制御弁１０４及び急速排気弁１０３の動作を制御する。制御部１０１は、給気開始直後のカフ圧変化（例えば第１圧力センサ１０５の出力に基づくカフ圧が１０から３０ｍｍＨｇに上昇するのに要する時間）に基づいて、カフ１５０の種類（エアバッグの大きさ）を判別する。そして、制御部１０１は、判別したカフの種類に応じて予め定められた給排気パターンを実現するよう、第１圧力センサ１０５の出力に従い、ポンプ１０２、流量制御弁１０４及び急速排気弁１０３の動作を制御する。流量制御弁１０４は、急速排気弁１０３よりも単位時間当たりの排気量が少なく、一般的には例えば５ｍｍＨｇ／秒程度の排気量を実現する。 The control unit 101 controls operations of the pump 102, the flow control valve 104, and the quick exhaust valve 103. Based on the cuff pressure change immediately after the start of air supply (for example, the time required for the cuff pressure based on the output of the first pressure sensor 105 to rise from 10 to 30 mmHg), the control unit 101 determines the type of the cuff 150 (the airbag Size). Then, the control unit 101 operates the pump 102, the flow control valve 104, and the quick exhaust valve 103 according to the output of the first pressure sensor 105 so as to realize a predetermined air supply / exhaust pattern according to the determined cuff type. To control. The flow rate control valve 104 has a smaller exhaust amount per unit time than the quick exhaust valve 103, and generally realizes an exhaust amount of, for example, about 5 mmHg / sec.
出力部１０８は例えば表示装置、印刷装置、及びスピーカなどであり、それらの１つ以上を含む。表示装置は例えばＬＣＤのようなドットマトリックス形式のディスプレイやＬＥＤランプなどから構成され、制御部１０１の制御に従って血圧計１００の動作状態や測定結果、ガイダンスなどを例えばグラフィカルユーザインタフェース（ＧＵＩ）を用いて表示する。印刷装置は制御部１０１の制御に従い、測定結果などのレポート出力などを行う。スピーカからは音声メッセージや警告音などを出力することができる。 The output unit 108 is, for example, a display device, a printing device, and a speaker, and includes one or more of them. The display device includes a dot matrix type display such as an LCD, an LED lamp, and the like, and the operation state, measurement results, guidance, and the like of the sphygmomanometer 100 are controlled using, for example, a graphical user interface (GUI) according to the control of the control unit 101. indicate. The printing apparatus outputs a report such as a measurement result under the control of the control unit 101. A voice message or a warning sound can be output from the speaker.
記憶部１０６は血圧計１００が動作するために必要な情報や、測定時に入力される情報（被測定者の情報など）、測定データなどを記憶する記憶装置であり、半導体メモリや、ハードディスクドライブを代表とする磁気記録装置等から構成される。また、記憶部１０６は、内蔵メモリと、メモリカードリーダとの組み合わせなど、複数種の記憶装置を組み合わせて構成しても良い。制御部１０１が用いる情報（制御プログラム、ＧＵＩデータ、初期設定値など）は、記憶部１０６に少なくとも一部を記憶しておくことができる。 The storage unit 106 is a storage device that stores information necessary for the operation of the sphygmomanometer 100, information input at the time of measurement (information on the person to be measured), measurement data, and the like. It is composed of a representative magnetic recording device and the like. The storage unit 106 may be configured by combining a plurality of types of storage devices such as a combination of a built-in memory and a memory card reader. Information (control program, GUI data, initial setting value, etc.) used by the control unit 101 can be stored at least in part in the storage unit 106.
操作部１０７は、例えばキーやボタン、出力部１０８に取り付けられたタッチパネルなどであり、ユーザが血圧計１００に指示を与えるために用いられる。操作部１０７の操作は制御部１０１が監視している。 The operation unit 107 is, for example, a key, a button, a touch panel attached to the output unit 108, and the like, and is used by the user to give an instruction to the sphygmomanometer 100. The operation of the operation unit 107 is monitored by the control unit 101.
上述の通り、本実施形態においては、ポンプ１０２からカフ１５０に至る給気用経路（１１１，１２１）に加え、ホース１２１又はカフ１５０から第１圧力センサ１０５に至る検出用経路（１１２，１２２）を有する。給気用ホース１２１と検出用ホース１２２は、接続点１３０において接続され、内部空間は連通である。給気用ホース１２１と検出用ホース１２２の接続点１３０は、オフセット圧の影響を抑制する観点からはカフ１５０に近い方が好ましい。また、本実施形態では既存のカフの利用を考慮し、カフ１５０には１本のホースが接続されるように給気用ホース１２１と検出用ホース１２２とをカフ１５０の手前で接続する形態としているが、共通のエアバッグに２本のホースを接続可能なカフを用いる場合には、給気用ホース１２１と検出用ホース１２２とを途中で接続せず、別個にカフ１５０に接続する形態としてもよい。 As described above, in the present embodiment, in addition to the supply path (111, 121) from the pump 102 to the cuff 150, the detection path (112, 122) from the hose 121 or the cuff 150 to the first pressure sensor 105. Have The supply hose 121 and the detection hose 122 are connected at a connection point 130 and the internal space is in communication. The connection point 130 between the air supply hose 121 and the detection hose 122 is preferably closer to the cuff 150 from the viewpoint of suppressing the influence of the offset pressure. In this embodiment, considering the use of an existing cuff, the supply hose 121 and the detection hose 122 are connected in front of the cuff 150 so that one hose is connected to the cuff 150. However, when using a cuff that can connect two hoses to a common airbag, the air supply hose 121 and the detection hose 122 are not connected in the middle, but are connected to the cuff 150 separately. Also good.
本実施形態の血圧計１００は、カフ１５０の圧力を測定する第１圧力センサ１０５を、給気用経路（１１１，１２１）ではなく、検出用経路（１１２，１２２）に設けたことを特徴とする。この構成により、ポンプ１０２が気体の供給を開始した際のオフセット圧が測定されることを抑制することができ、正しいカフ判別と高速給気を両立させることができる。 The sphygmomanometer 100 according to the present embodiment is characterized in that the first pressure sensor 105 for measuring the pressure of the cuff 150 is provided in the detection path (112, 122) instead of the supply path (111, 121). To do. With this configuration, it is possible to suppress the measurement of the offset pressure when the pump 102 starts supplying gas, and it is possible to achieve both correct cuff discrimination and high-speed air supply.
第１圧力センサ１０５がポンプ１０２から遠い位置に設けられるほど、オフセット圧の影響を受けづらくなる。そのため、第１圧力センサ１０５は検出用経路の末端付近、すなわち装置本体１００ａ内の気体流路１１２の、定量排気弁１０４よりも上流（カフ側）の領域に設けられることが好ましい。 The more the first pressure sensor 105 is provided at a position farther from the pump 102, the less affected by the offset pressure. For this reason, the first pressure sensor 105 is preferably provided in the vicinity of the end of the detection path, that is, in a region upstream (cuff side) of the gas flow path 112 in the apparatus main body 100a from the metering exhaust valve 104.
図４は、従来の血圧計の構成例を、図１と対比させて示す図である。図４において、図１と同じ構成要素には同じ参照数字を付し、重複する説明は省略する。両図の比較からわかるように、従来の血圧計２００は、図１における検出用経路１２２，１１２が存在せず、流量制御弁１０４及び第１圧力センサ１０５が給気用経路の気体流路１１１にそれぞれ接続されていることを除き、本実施形態の血圧計１００と同様の構成要素を有する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional blood pressure monitor in comparison with FIG. In FIG. 4, the same components as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. As can be seen from the comparison between the two figures, the conventional blood pressure monitor 200 does not have the detection paths 122 and 112 in FIG. 1, and the flow rate control valve 104 and the first pressure sensor 105 are the gas flow paths 111 of the supply path. The sphygmomanometer has the same components as those of the sphygmomanometer 100 of the present embodiment except that they are connected to each other.
図５は、図４の構成を有する従来の血圧計の第１圧力センサ１０５で計測されるオフセット圧と加圧（給気）モードとの関係の例を示す図である。図５（ａ）、図５（ｂ）とも、ホース長Ｌ＝３．５ｍとして測定した値である。図示の通り、給気開始直後にオフセット圧が検出されており、オフセット圧は給気流量の大きな急速加圧モード（図５（ｂ））で大きく検出されていることがわかる。また、いずれの加圧モードにおいても、脈波が検出されなくなり、給気を停止した時点でオーバーシュートが発生している。 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the offset pressure measured by the first pressure sensor 105 of the conventional sphygmomanometer having the configuration of FIG. 4 and the pressurization (supply air) mode. Both FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are values measured with the hose length L = 3.5 m. As shown in the figure, the offset pressure is detected immediately after the start of air supply, and it can be seen that the offset pressure is detected largely in the rapid pressurization mode (FIG. 5B) with a large air supply flow rate. In any pressurization mode, the pulse wave is not detected, and overshoot occurs when the supply of air is stopped.
図２は、高速加圧モードにおける給気開始時点から駆血解除直後までの区間について、本実施形態に係る血圧計１００と、従来の血圧計２００の第１圧力センサ１０５で計測されるカフ圧の例を示す図である。なお、図２（ａ）は図５（ｂ）と同一である。ここでも、Ｌ＝３．５ｍとしてある。 FIG. 2 shows the cuff pressure measured by the sphygmomanometer 100 according to the present embodiment and the first pressure sensor 105 of the conventional sphygmomanometer 200 in the section from the start of air supply in the high-speed pressurization mode to immediately after the release of blood pressure. It is a figure which shows the example of. 2A is the same as FIG. 5B. Again, L = 3.5 m.
図２から明らかなように、本実施形態の構成では、高速加圧モードにおいても給気直後のオフセット圧が非常に小さくなっている。また、オーバーシュートも低減されている。また、第１圧力センサ１０５の出力信号が非常に滑らかで、ノイズ成分が少ないことがわかる。第１圧力センサ１０５の出力信号から抽出したカフ圧の信号と脈波信号とを図３に示す。図３（ａ）が従来構成、図３（ｂ）が本実施形態の構成である。このように、本実施形態によれば、特に加圧中（給気中）に得られる脈波の質が高いため、脈波が消えた時点で駆血を停止する制御を行う場合の精度を高めることが可能である。 As apparent from FIG. 2, in the configuration of the present embodiment, the offset pressure immediately after the supply of air is very small even in the high-speed pressurization mode. Also, overshoot is reduced. Also, it can be seen that the output signal of the first pressure sensor 105 is very smooth and has little noise component. A cuff pressure signal and a pulse wave signal extracted from the output signal of the first pressure sensor 105 are shown in FIG. FIG. 3A shows the conventional configuration, and FIG. 3B shows the configuration of this embodiment. As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the quality of the pulse wave obtained during pressurization (air supply) is particularly high, the accuracy when performing the control to stop the blood drive when the pulse wave disappears is improved. It is possible to increase.
以上説明したように、カフを用いる血圧計において、ポンプとカフを接続する、給気用ホースを含む給気用経路の他に、給気用ホース又はカフに接続された、カフの圧力を検出するための検出用ホースを含む検出用経路を設け、検出用経路に設けた圧力センサによってカフの圧力を検出することにより、流量の大きなポンプを用いて高速に給気を行う場合や、給気用経路、特には給気用ホースが長い場合に大きくなるオフセット圧の影響を抑制し、カフ圧を適切に測定することが可能になる。そのため、カフの種類、特にカフのエアバッグ（ブラダー）の大きさを給気直後に自動検出する機能を有する血圧計において、高速給気時や長い給気用ホースを用いる場合などにおいて、カフの種類を誤検出する可能性を大きく低減することが可能となる。また、駆血までに要する時間についても従来構成とほぼ変わらずに済むことから、高速給気による測定時間の短縮の利点を享受することが可能である。 As described above, in a sphygmomanometer using a cuff, in addition to an air supply path including an air supply hose that connects the pump and the cuff, the pressure of the cuff connected to the air supply hose or the cuff is detected. If a detection path including a detection hose is provided and the pressure of the cuff is detected by a pressure sensor provided in the detection path, a high flow rate pump is used to supply air at high speed, It is possible to suppress the influence of the offset pressure that becomes large when the service path, in particular, the air supply hose is long, and to appropriately measure the cuff pressure. For this reason, in a sphygmomanometer that has a function of automatically detecting the type of cuff, particularly the size of the cuff airbag (bladder) immediately after air supply, when using a high-pressure air supply or when using a long air supply hose, The possibility of erroneously detecting the type can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the time required for blood feeding is almost the same as that of the conventional configuration, it is possible to enjoy the advantage of shortening the measurement time by high-speed air supply.
（変形例）
図１に示すように、従来と同様、血圧計の給気用経路に圧力センサ（第２圧力センサ１１０）をさらに設けてもよい。第２圧力センサ１１０は第１圧力センサ１０５と同様の構成でよく、測定された圧力信号もまた第１圧力センサ１０５で測定された圧力信号と同様に処理されてよい。ただし、第２圧力センサ１１０で測定された圧力信号は、制御部１０１による給排気制御（ポンプ１０２、急速排気弁１０３、流量制御弁１０４の制御）には原則として用いられず、給気用ホース１２１や検出用ホース１２２のねじれを検出するために用いられる。
(Modification)
As shown in FIG. 1, a pressure sensor (second pressure sensor 110) may be further provided in the air supply path of the sphygmomanometer, as in the conventional case. The second pressure sensor 110 may have the same configuration as the first pressure sensor 105, and the measured pressure signal may be processed in the same manner as the pressure signal measured by the first pressure sensor 105. However, the pressure signal measured by the second pressure sensor 110 is not used in principle for the supply / exhaust control (control of the pump 102, the quick exhaust valve 103, and the flow control valve 104) by the control unit 101, and the supply hose. 121 and detection hose 122 are used to detect twist.
すなわち、給気用経路と検出用経路とは接続点１３０もしくはカフ１５０のエアバッグを通じて接続された連続した空間であるため、第１圧力センサ１０５と第２圧力センサ１１０とで測定される圧力信号は通常はほぼ等しい値となる。そのため、第１圧力センサ１０５と第２圧力センサ１１０とで測定された圧力信号に大きな差が生じている場合には、給気用ホース１２１と検出用ホース１２２のいずれかに何らかの問題（ねじれや、物が載っているなどによる閉塞、破損やジョイントの抜けなどによる気体漏れなど）が生じていると考えられる。そのため、制御部１０１は第１圧力センサ１０５と第２圧力センサ１１０とで測定される圧力信号を比較し、通常でない差を検出した場合に、出力部１０８を通じてホースの状態を確認するよう警告する音声メッセージや文字メッセージの少なくとも１つを出力する。ホースが長い場合など、ねじれが生じやすい状況において特に有効である。 That is, since the air supply path and the detection path are continuous spaces connected through the connection point 130 or the airbag of the cuff 150, the pressure signal measured by the first pressure sensor 105 and the second pressure sensor 110. Are usually approximately equal. Therefore, if there is a large difference between the pressure signals measured by the first pressure sensor 105 and the second pressure sensor 110, there is some problem (twist or noise) in either the supply hose 121 or the detection hose 122. It is considered that gas leakage due to obstruction, breakage, joint disconnection, or the like due to an object being placed, etc. has occurred. Therefore, the control unit 101 compares the pressure signals measured by the first pressure sensor 105 and the second pressure sensor 110, and warns the operator to check the state of the hose through the output unit 108 when an abnormal difference is detected. Output at least one of voice message and text message. This is particularly effective in situations where twisting tends to occur, such as when the hose is long.
Claims (2)
前記カフに給気して加圧するポンプと、
前記ポンプと前記カフとを接続する、給気用ホースを含む給気用経路と、
前記カフまたは前記給気用ホースと、前記ポンプが給気する気体の流量を制御するための流量制御弁とを接続する、カフ圧検出用ホースを含む検出用経路と、
前記検出用経路に接続された第１の圧力センサと、
前記第１の圧力センサによって検出される前記カフの圧力により、前記カフの種類を判別し、判別したカフの種類に応じた前記ポンプの給排気制御を行う制御手段と、を有することを特徴とする血圧計。 With cuff,
A pump for supplying and pressurizing the cuff;
An air supply path including an air supply hose connecting the pump and the cuff;
A detection path including a cuff pressure detection hose connecting the cuff or the supply hose and a flow rate control valve for controlling a flow rate of gas supplied by the pump;
A first pressure sensor connected to the detection path;
Control means for determining the type of the cuff based on the pressure of the cuff detected by the first pressure sensor, and performing supply / exhaust control of the pump in accordance with the determined type of the cuff. Blood pressure monitor.
前記制御手段が、前記第１の圧力センサと、前記第２の圧力センサの値を比較することにより、前記給気用ホースのねじれを検出することを特徴とする請求項１記載の血圧計。 And a second pressure sensor connected to the air supply path,
The sphygmomanometer according to claim 1, wherein the control means detects torsion of the air supply hose by comparing values of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor.
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