JP2012155168A - Method for manufacturing elastic intermediate transfer belt - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing elastic intermediate transfer belt Download PDF

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JP2012155168A
JP2012155168A JP2011014845A JP2011014845A JP2012155168A JP 2012155168 A JP2012155168 A JP 2012155168A JP 2011014845 A JP2011014845 A JP 2011014845A JP 2011014845 A JP2011014845 A JP 2011014845A JP 2012155168 A JP2012155168 A JP 2012155168A
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resin particles
intermediate transfer
particles
resin
transfer member
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JP5610224B2 (en
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Masayuki Kumagai
昌之 熊谷
Takenari Awano
勇成 粟野
Shinichi Nitta
信一 新田
Atsushi Aoto
淳 青戸
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing an intermediate transfer body for electrophotography, by which resin particles are uniformly arranged in a plane direction on a surface of an intermediate transfer body for electrophotography, the resin particles do not fall out, and an uneven shape on a surface has a uniform height and a uniform interval therebetween.SOLUTION: There is provided a method for manufacturing an intermediate transfer body for electrophotography, in which resin particles are embedded on at least a surface of a resin layer and an uneven shape is formed by the resin particles. The method includes the steps of: (1) supplying and adhering resin particles onto the surface of a resin layer before solidified; (2) rubbing the supplied and adhered resin particles to arrange in a plane direction and to bury; and (3) solidifying the resin layer to adhere and fix the resin particles. The step of (2) arranging and burying the resin particles is carried out by press-contacting a fiber material that can enclose the resin particles and rubbing the supplied and adhered resin particles.

Description

本発明は、中間転写体の製造方法及びその方法を用いた中間転写体の製造装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an intermediate transfer member manufacturing method and an intermediate transfer member manufacturing apparatus using the method.

電子写真方式の画像形成装置に用いられている中間転写方式は容易に感光体上に形成されたトナー画像を記録媒体に転写して画像を形成できることから、カラー画像形成装置に採用されている。中間転写方式ではトナー画像を中間的に保持する中間転写手段に様々な特性が要求され、特に、位置精度に対しては、連続使用による中間転写体自体の伸び等の変形による変動を抑えることが求められ、ポリイミド等高強度な材料が用いられる。
高強度な中間転写体は、その表面硬度も高いので、トナー像を転写する際にトナー層に高い圧力がかかり、トナーが局部的に凝集し画像の一部が転写されない、いわゆる中抜け画像が発生することがある。
An intermediate transfer system used in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is adopted in a color image forming apparatus because a toner image formed on a photoreceptor can be easily transferred to a recording medium to form an image. In the intermediate transfer method, various characteristics are required for the intermediate transfer unit that holds the toner image in the middle, and in particular, the positional accuracy can be suppressed by variation such as elongation of the intermediate transfer body itself due to continuous use. High strength materials such as polyimide are used.
A high-strength intermediate transfer member has a high surface hardness, so that when the toner image is transferred, a high pressure is applied to the toner layer, the toner is locally agglomerated and a part of the image is not transferred. May occur.

また、近年、フルカラー電子写真を用いてさまざまな用紙に画像を形成することが多くなり、通常の平滑な用紙だけでなく、コート紙のようなスリップ性のある平滑度の高いものからリサイクルペーパーやエンボス紙や和紙やクラフト紙のような表面性の粗いものが使用されることが増えてきている。更にレザック紙等表面に凹凸があるものも使用される場合もある。
高強度な中間転写体は感光体や用紙などの転写部での接触部材との接触追従性が劣るため、転写部において部分的な接触不良部(空隙)が発生し、用紙の凹凸状の濃淡むらや色調のむらが発生することがある。
In recent years, full-color electrophotography has been used to form images on various types of paper. In addition to ordinary smooth paper, recycled paper such as coated paper and high smoothness such as coated paper can be used. Roughly surfaced materials such as embossed paper, Japanese paper and kraft paper are increasingly used. Furthermore, there may be used paper having a surface with unevenness, such as resack paper.
A high-strength intermediate transfer member has poor contact followability with a contact member in a transfer portion such as a photosensitive member or paper, and therefore, a partial contact failure portion (gap) is generated in the transfer portion, and the unevenness of the paper is uneven. Unevenness or color tone may occur.

中間転写体表面に弾性層を設け、二次転写部において紙との密着性を向上させ、一般的な紙に対しての転写効率の向上のみならず、厚紙に対する転写性や、凹凸を有する紙への転写性を向上させることが提案されている。 An elastic layer is provided on the surface of the intermediate transfer body to improve adhesion to paper in the secondary transfer section, and not only to improve transfer efficiency for general paper, but also for transferability to thick paper and uneven paper It has been proposed to improve the transferability to the surface.

しかしながら、比較的柔軟性のある層を表面層とした場合、転写圧力が低減され、用紙凹凸への追従性が向上する反面、表面の離型性が劣るためにトナーがうまく離型できず転写効率が低下し、前者の効果を生かせないという問題が発生する。また、耐摩耗性・耐擦傷性にも劣るという問題もある。   However, when a relatively flexible layer is used as the surface layer, the transfer pressure is reduced and the followability to paper irregularities is improved, but the toner cannot be released well due to poor surface releasability. The efficiency is lowered and the problem that the former effect cannot be utilized occurs. There is also a problem that it is inferior in wear resistance and scratch resistance.

特許文献1の特開平7−234592号公報には、中間転写体表面に粒子がトナー粒径の半分以下の微粒子を固着させ、中間転写体とトナー粒子との付着力を低下させ、転写効率を向上させ、また、感光体と中間転写体とのニップへの現像剤キャリアの噛み込みによる感光体劣化を防止することが提案されている。   In JP-A-7-234592 of Patent Document 1, fine particles whose particles are less than half of the toner particle diameter are fixed on the surface of the intermediate transfer member, the adhesion between the intermediate transfer member and the toner particles is reduced, and transfer efficiency is improved. It has been proposed to improve and prevent deterioration of the photoreceptor due to the developer carrier biting into the nip between the photoreceptor and the intermediate transfer body.

特許文献2の特開平11‐216407号公報には、中間転写体ではないが、紙葉類やシート等を搬送する搬送ローラの摩擦力向上のため、搬送ローラ表面に無機粒子を固着させる方法が提案されている。この方法は、粒子を略均一に舞い上げた雰囲気中に接着層を設けた搬送ロールを挿入し、搬送ロール表面に無機粒子を付着させるもので、付着した粒子に圧接触しないため、粒子の高さを揃えられず、また忌避性の高い粒子の場合は脱離しないよう強固に接着することが困難である。
また、特許文献2には、ホッパーから供給した無機粒子をブレードで規制し、搬送体表面に無機粒子を固着させる方法も開示されているが、表面に柔軟性を有する中間転写体に採用すると、ブレードに規制された粒子が滞るため、粒子が逃げ場を失って転写体表面を傷付ける虞があり、また付着した粒子が規制された粒子に押えつけられ、樹脂層内に完全に埋没したり、移動したりして、均一な表面を形成することが困難である。
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-216407 discloses a method for fixing inorganic particles to the surface of a conveyance roller in order to improve the frictional force of the conveyance roller that conveys paper sheets or sheets, although it is not an intermediate transfer member. Proposed. In this method, a carrier roll provided with an adhesive layer is inserted into an atmosphere in which particles are swirled substantially uniformly, and inorganic particles are adhered to the surface of the carrier roll. In the case of particles that are not uniform and have high repellency, it is difficult to firmly bond them so as not to be detached.
Further, Patent Document 2 discloses a method of regulating inorganic particles supplied from a hopper with a blade and fixing the inorganic particles on the surface of the transport body, but when employed for an intermediate transfer body having flexibility on the surface, Because the regulated particles stay in the blade, there is a risk that the particles lose their escape and damage the surface of the transfer body, and the adhered particles are pressed against the regulated particles and completely buried or moved in the resin layer. Therefore, it is difficult to form a uniform surface.

したがって、本発明は電子写真用中間転写体の表面に樹脂粒子を面方向に均一に配列し、かつ前記樹脂粒子が脱落せず、表面の凹凸形状の高さ及び間隔が均一な電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention provides an electrophotographic intermediate in which resin particles are uniformly arranged in the surface direction on the surface of an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member, and the resin particles do not fall off, and the height and spacing of the surface irregularities are uniform. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a transfer body.

本発明者らは、鋭意検討した結果、固化前の樹脂層に樹脂粒子を供給し、該樹脂粒子を包接可能な繊維体を圧接触させることで、前記課題を解決できることを見出した。
すなわち、上記課題は、本発明の下記(1)〜(11)によって解決される。
(1)「少なくとも樹脂層の表面に樹脂粒子が埋め込まれ、該樹脂粒子によって凹凸形状を形成している電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法であって、(1)固化前の樹脂層表面上に樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程、(2)該供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦し、面方向に配列させ、埋没させる工程、(3)前記樹脂層を固化させ、樹脂粒子を固着させる工程を具備し、前記(2)の樹脂粒子を配列・埋没させる工程は、前記樹脂粒子を包接可能な繊維体を圧接触させ、供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦したものであることを特徴とする電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(2)「前記繊維体は再生繊維の不織布、起毛布等の弾力性を有する布、または合成繊維のパフであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項に記載の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(3)「前記繊維体は、中心をくり貫いたドーナッツ形状の弾性体を、前記再生繊維の不織布で包み込んだものであることを特徴とする前記第(2)項に記載の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(4)「前記(2)の配列・埋没させる工程は、前記繊維体で複数回摺擦し、余剰に付着した樹脂粒子の除去及び/または不足する樹脂粒子を供給するものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(3)項のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(5)「前記(1)の樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程は、ブラシを用いて樹脂粒子を供給するものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(4)項のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(6)「前記樹脂粒子は、平均粒子径が0.5〜5.0μmである単分散粒子であることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(5)項のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(7)「前記樹脂粒子は、シリコーン樹脂粒子であることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(6)項のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(8)「前記樹脂層は、弾性を有するものであることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(7)項のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。
(9)「前記樹脂層は、熱硬化性エラストマー、もしくはゴム材料であることを特徴とする前記第(1)項乃至第(8)項のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法」、
(10)「金型、粒子供給手段、及び粒子配列手段を有する電子写真用中間転写体の製造装置であって、前記粒子供給手段は、金型上の中間転写体に粒子を供給するものであり、前記粒子配列手段は、粒子を包接可能な繊維体を有し、中間転写体に供給された粒子に前記繊維体を圧接触させ、摺擦するものであることを特徴とする電子写真用中間転写体の製造装置」、
(11)「少なくとも樹脂層の表面に樹脂粒子が埋め込まれ、該樹脂粒子によって凹凸形状を形成している電子写真用中間転写体あって、(1)固化前の樹脂層表面上に樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程、(2)該供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦し、面方向に配列・埋没させる工程、(3)前記樹脂層を固化させ、樹脂粒子を固着させる工程により作製されたものであり、前記(2)の樹脂粒子を配列・埋没させる工程は、前記樹脂粒子を包接可能な繊維体を圧接触させ、供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦したものであることを特徴とする電子写真用中間転写体」。
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved by supplying resin particles to the resin layer before solidification and press-contacting a fibrous body capable of enclosing the resin particles.
That is, the said subject is solved by following (1)-(11) of this invention.
(1) “A method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member in which resin particles are embedded at least on the surface of a resin layer, and an uneven shape is formed by the resin particles, (1) on the surface of the resin layer before solidification A step of supplying and adhering the resin particles to the substrate, (2) a step of rubbing the resin particles supplied and adhering, arranging them in the surface direction and burying them, and (3) solidifying the resin layer and fixing the resin particles. And the step (2) of arranging and burying the resin particles is performed by pressure-contacting the fibrous body capable of enclosing the resin particles and rubbing the supplied and adhered resin particles. A method for producing an intermediate transfer member for electrophotography,
(2) The electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to (1) above, wherein the fibrous body is a non-woven fabric of recycled fibers, a cloth having elasticity such as a raised cloth, or a puff of synthetic fibers. Manufacturing method ",
(3) The intermediate for electrophotography according to (2) above, wherein the fibrous body is an elastic body having a donut shape cut through a center and wrapped with a nonwoven fabric of the regenerated fiber. Manufacturing method of transfer body ",
(4) "The step of arranging and burying in (2) is characterized in that the fibrous body is rubbed a plurality of times to remove excess resin particles and / or supply insufficient resin particles. The method for producing an intermediate transfer member for electrophotography according to any one of the items (1) to (3),
(5) Any one of the above items (1) to (4), wherein the step of supplying and adhering the resin particles of (1) is to supply resin particles using a brush. Manufacturing method of crab electrophotographic intermediate transfer member ",
(6) “The resin particles are monodisperse particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5.0 μm. The electrophotography according to any one of the items (1) to (5),” Method for producing intermediate transfer member for use ",
(7) “The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to any one of Items (1) to (6), wherein the resin particles are silicone resin particles”,
(8) The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the resin layer has elasticity.
(9) “The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to any one of Items (1) to (8), wherein the resin layer is a thermosetting elastomer or a rubber material”. ,
(10) An apparatus for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer body having a mold, a particle supply means, and a particle arrangement means, wherein the particle supply means supplies particles to the intermediate transfer body on the mold. And the particle arranging means has a fibrous body capable of enclosing the particles, and the fibrous body is brought into pressure contact with the particles supplied to the intermediate transfer body and rubbed. Intermediate transfer body manufacturing equipment ",
(11) "There is an intermediate transfer member for electrophotography in which resin particles are embedded at least on the surface of the resin layer, and an uneven shape is formed by the resin particles. (1) The resin particles are placed on the surface of the resin layer before solidification. A step of supplying and adhering, (2) a step of rubbing the resin particles supplied and adhering to arrange and bury them in the surface direction, and (3) a step of solidifying the resin layer and fixing the resin particles. And the step (2) of arranging and burying the resin particles is to press-contact the fibrous body capable of enclosing the resin particles and rub the supplied and adhered resin particles. An intermediate transfer member for electrophotography characterized by "."

以下の詳細かつ具体的な説明から理解されるように、本発明によれば、樹脂粒子を面方向に均一に配列し、かつ前記樹脂粒子が脱落せず、表面の凹凸形状の高さ及び間隔が均一な電子写真用中間転写体を製造できる。   As will be understood from the following detailed and specific description, according to the present invention, the resin particles are uniformly arranged in the surface direction, and the resin particles do not fall off, and the height and spacing of the uneven shape on the surface. Can produce a uniform intermediate transfer member for electrophotography.

中間転写体構成の一例を示す模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an intermediate transfer body configuration. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法で作製された中間転写体の表面状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the surface state of the intermediate transfer body produced with the manufacturing method of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法で作製された中間転写体の断面の状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state of the cross section of the intermediate transfer body produced with the manufacturing method of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 従来の中間転写中間転写体の表面層の好ましくない表面形態の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of an unfavorable surface form of a surface layer of a conventional intermediate transfer intermediate transfer member. 従来の中間転写中間転写体の表面層を観察したときの好ましくない断面を示す模式図である。It is a schematic diagram which shows the unpreferable cross section when the surface layer of the conventional intermediate transfer intermediate transfer body is observed. 繊維体を電子写真用中間転写体に圧接触させ、樹脂粒子を配列させる状態の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the state which press-contacts a fiber body to the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography, and arranges resin particles. 樹脂粒子を包接した繊維体の表面の状態を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the state of the surface of the fiber body which included the resin particle. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造装置の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the manufacturing apparatus of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the manufacturing method of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法で用いる繊維体の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the fiber body used with the manufacturing method of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法で用いられるブラシローラの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the brush roller used with the manufacturing method of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法で用いられる粒子供給ユニットの一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the particle | grain supply unit used with the manufacturing method of the intermediate transfer body for electrophotography of this invention. 本発明における基層を塗工するための装置の模式図を示す。The schematic diagram of the apparatus for coating the base layer in this invention is shown.

本発明の製造方法により作成する電子写真用中間転写体について説明する。
図1に示すように、樹脂粒子による表面凹凸を有するものであり、これに限るものではないが、比較的屈曲性が得られる剛性の高い基層の上に弾性を有する樹脂層が積層されており、この樹脂層の最表面に球形の樹脂粒子が埋没固着しているものである。
An electrophotographic intermediate transfer member produced by the production method of the present invention will be described.
As shown in FIG. 1, it has surface irregularities due to resin particles, and is not limited to this, but a resin layer having elasticity is laminated on a base layer with high rigidity that can obtain a relatively flexible property. The spherical resin particles are buried and fixed on the outermost surface of the resin layer.

次に、本発明により作製される中間転写体の表面状態について説明する。
図2に中間転写体の表面を真上から観察した拡大模式図を示す。このように、均一な粒径の球状粒子が独立して整然と配列する形態を採る。樹脂粒子同士の重なり合いは殆ど観測されない。
この表面を構成する各粒子の樹脂層面における断面の径も均一な方が好ましく、具体的には、±(平均粒径×0.5)μm以下の分布幅となることが好ましいが、これを用いなくてもある粒径のものが選択的に表面に形成できる方法により表面を形成して前記粒径分布幅となる構成としてもよい。
Next, the surface state of the intermediate transfer member produced according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic view of the surface of the intermediate transfer member observed from directly above. In this way, the spherical particles having a uniform particle diameter are independently and orderly arranged. Almost no overlap between the resin particles is observed.
It is preferable that the diameter of the cross section of the resin layer surface of each particle constituting this surface is also uniform. Specifically, it is preferable that the distribution width is ± (average particle size × 0.5) μm or less. It is good also as a structure which forms the surface by the method in which the thing of a certain particle size which is not used can be selectively formed on the surface, and becomes the said particle size distribution width.

次に、図3に本発明により作製される中間転写体表面の断面拡大模式図を示す。
本発明においては、上記球形樹脂粒子は樹脂層中へ一部埋設された形態を採るが、その埋没率は、50%を超え、100%に満たないものが好ましく、51%〜90%であることが、より好ましい。50%以下では、電子写真装置での長期使用において粒子の脱離が起きやすく、耐久性に劣る。一方、100%では、粒子による転写性への効果が低減し好ましくない。
埋没率とは、粒子の深さ方向の径の樹脂層に埋没している率のことであるが、ここで言う、埋没率は、すべての粒子が50%を超え100%に満たないという意味ではなく、ある視野で見たときの平均埋没率で表わしたときの数値が50%を超え100%に満たなければよい。しかし、埋没率50%のときは、電子顕微鏡による断面観測において、樹脂層中へ完全埋没している粒子が殆ど観測されない(樹脂層中に完全に埋没している粒子の個数%は粒子全体のうち5%以下)。
さらにこの粒子は、樹脂層に対して、厚み方向に単一の状態で含有される方が好ましい。
Next, FIG. 3 shows a schematic enlarged cross-sectional view of the surface of the intermediate transfer member produced according to the present invention.
In the present invention, the spherical resin particles take a form of being partially embedded in the resin layer, and the burying rate is preferably more than 50% and less than 100%, preferably 51% to 90%. It is more preferable. If it is 50% or less, particle detachment tends to occur during long-term use in an electrophotographic apparatus, resulting in poor durability. On the other hand, 100% is not preferable because the effect of the particles on the transferability is reduced.
The burial rate is the rate of burial in the resin layer having a diameter in the depth direction of the particles, but the burial rate here means that all particles exceed 50% and do not reach 100%. Instead, the numerical value expressed by the average burial rate when viewed from a certain visual field should not exceed 50% and be less than 100%. However, when the embedding rate is 50%, in the cross-sectional observation with the electron microscope, the particles completely embedded in the resin layer are hardly observed (the number% of the particles completely embedded in the resin layer is the total number of particles). (5% or less).
Further, the particles are preferably contained in a single state in the thickness direction with respect to the resin layer.

図4のように、厚み方向に複数の粒子を含むような構成では、粒子の含有される分布がむらになり、粒子の有する電気抵抗値の影響により、中間転写体表面の電気特性が不均一となり画像乱れを生じる。具体的には、粒子が多く存在する部分での電気抵抗値が高くなり、ここに残留電荷による表面電位が発生し、中間転写体表面において表面電位のばらつきが発生し、隣接した部分での画像濃度に差が生じる等による画像乱れが顕在化することがある。
また、図5に示されるように、樹脂層表面に露出している粒子に、樹脂層中に完全埋没している粒子が混在する状態であると、粒子の単一形成が困難になる。
As shown in FIG. 4, in the configuration including a plurality of particles in the thickness direction, the distribution of the particles becomes uneven, and the electric characteristics of the surface of the intermediate transfer member are not uniform due to the influence of the electric resistance value of the particles. And image distortion occurs. Specifically, the electrical resistance value in the portion where many particles are present becomes high, and a surface potential due to the residual charge is generated here, the surface potential varies on the surface of the intermediate transfer member, and the image in the adjacent portion is generated. Image disturbance due to a difference in density may become apparent.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, when particles completely exposed in the resin layer are mixed with particles exposed on the resin layer surface, it is difficult to form a single particle.

本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法について説明する。
<基層の作製方法>
本発明の少なくとも樹脂成分を含む塗工液、すなわち前記ポリイミド樹脂前駆体又はポリアミドイミド樹脂前駆体を含む塗工液を用いて基層を製造する方法について説明する。
ポリイミド樹脂又はポリアミドイミド樹脂製の基体は、円筒状支持体(型)表面に前記前駆体液をノズルやディスペンサーによる螺旋塗工、または広幅のダイによるダイ塗工、または塗布ロールを用いたロール塗工などにより塗工することができる。ここでは、ロール塗工について説明する。図13に示すような装置により塗工できる。Aは塗料である脱泡した前駆体液を貯留するための塗料パンであり、Cは塗料パンAから塗料を連続的に汲み上げるための塗布ローラであり、Dは連続的に汲み上げられた塗料の厚みを塗布ローラCとの隙間で調節して所定塗料厚みにするための規制ローラであり、Eは所定厚みにした塗料(塗膜)を塗布ローラCから転移させて付着させるための円筒状支持体(金型)である。
上記した製造装置に、先ず予め十分に脱泡された前駆体塗料を塗料パンに流し込む。 塗料粘度は、有機極性溶媒により、0.5〜10Pa・sに調整しておくことが望ましい。次いで、塗布ローラの下部に塗料を流し込んだ塗料パンを近づけ塗料中に浸漬し、10〜100mm/secのゆっくりとした周速度で塗布ローラ表面に塗料を付着、上方に汲み上げていく。 その後、塗布ローラ上部に設置され、塗布ローラと任意の隙間を調整することができる規制ローラにより、塗布ローラ上の塗料厚みを調整する。 規制する塗料厚みとしては、円筒状芯体へ転写する塗料厚みの2倍量程度が好ましい。
次に塗布ローラCに円筒状支持体Eをゆっくり回転させながら、塗布ローラの塗料厚み以下まで近づける。塗布ローラ上の塗料は、塗布ローラCと同方向(図13示す方向では「時計回り方向」)に回転する円筒状支持体E上に、塗布ローラCからの塗料が転移され、円筒状支持体E上に所定膜厚の塗料が付着される。
塗布後、円筒状支持体を回転させつつ徐々に昇温させながら、約80〜150℃の温度で塗膜中の溶媒を蒸発させていく。この過程では、雰囲気の蒸気(揮発した溶媒等)を効率よく循環して取り除くことが好ましい。自己支持性のある膜が形成されたところで金型ごと高温処理の可能な加熱炉(焼成炉)に移し、段階的に昇温し、最終的に250℃〜450℃程度の高温加熱処理(焼成)し、十分にポリイミド樹脂前駆体又はポリアミドイミド樹脂前駆体のイミド化又はポリアミドイミド化を行う。
A method for producing the electrophotographic intermediate transfer member of the present invention will be described.
<Method for producing base layer>
A method for producing a base layer using the coating liquid containing at least the resin component of the present invention, that is, the coating liquid containing the polyimide resin precursor or the polyamideimide resin precursor will be described.
The substrate made of polyimide resin or polyamideimide resin is coated on the surface of the cylindrical support (mold) with the precursor liquid by spiral coating with a nozzle or dispenser, or die coating with a wide die, or roll coating using a coating roll. It can be applied by, for example. Here, roll coating will be described. Coating can be performed by an apparatus as shown in FIG. A is a paint pan for storing the defoamed precursor liquid that is a paint, C is an application roller for continuously pumping up the paint from the paint pan A, and D is the thickness of the paint pumped up continuously. Is a regulating roller for adjusting the thickness of the coating roller C to a predetermined coating thickness, and E is a cylindrical support for transferring the coating material (coating film) having a predetermined thickness from the coating roller C to be attached. (Mold).
First, the precursor paint sufficiently defoamed in advance is poured into the paint pan in the manufacturing apparatus described above. The paint viscosity is preferably adjusted to 0.5 to 10 Pa · s with an organic polar solvent. Next, the paint pan in which the paint is poured into the lower part of the application roller is approached and immersed in the paint, and the paint is adhered to the surface of the application roller at a slow peripheral speed of 10 to 100 mm / sec and pumped upward. Thereafter, the thickness of the paint on the application roller is adjusted by a regulating roller which is installed on the upper part of the application roller and can adjust an arbitrary gap with the application roller. The thickness of the paint to be regulated is preferably about twice the thickness of the paint transferred to the cylindrical core.
Next, while the cylindrical support E is slowly rotated on the application roller C, it is brought close to the coating thickness of the application roller or less. The paint on the application roller is transferred onto the cylindrical support E rotating in the same direction as the application roller C (the “clockwise direction” in the direction shown in FIG. 13), and the cylindrical support is transferred. A paint having a predetermined film thickness is deposited on E.
After coating, the solvent in the coating film is evaporated at a temperature of about 80 to 150 ° C. while gradually raising the temperature while rotating the cylindrical support. In this process, it is preferable to efficiently circulate and remove atmospheric vapor (such as a volatilized solvent). When a self-supporting film is formed, the mold is transferred to a heating furnace (firing furnace) capable of high-temperature processing, and the temperature is raised stepwise, and finally high-temperature heat processing (firing is performed at about 250 ° C. to 450 ° C. And sufficiently imidizing or polyimidizing the polyimide resin precursor or the polyamideimide resin precursor.

<中間転写体表面状態作製法>
十分に冷却後、引き続き、樹脂層を積層する。
この樹脂層は、射出成形、押し出し成形などにより基層上に形成することも可能であるが、本発明においては樹脂塗工液を塗布することにより形成することが有効である。
樹脂塗工液においては、液状樹脂または液状エラストマー、液状ゴム、ゴムを有機溶剤に溶かしたゴム塗料等を用いることができる。ここでは、ゴムを有機溶剤に溶解させたゴム塗料を用い、基層上に塗布形成する方法について説明する。塗布成形法としては、基層と同じく、螺旋塗工、ダイ塗工、ロール塗工などの既存の塗工法が適用できるが、凹凸転写性を良くするためには樹脂層の厚みを厚くすることが必要であり、厚膜を形成する塗工法としては、ダイ塗工、及び螺旋塗工が優れている。ここでは、螺旋塗工について説明する。基層を周方向に回転させながら、丸型、又は広幅のノズルによりゴム塗料を連続的に供給しながら、ノズルを基層の軸方向に移動させて、基層上に塗料を螺旋状に塗工する。樹脂層の厚さは、用紙凹凸への追従性の観点から最終的な膜厚が50〜1000μmであることが好ましく、250〜650μmであることが、より好ましい。
<Intermediate transfer member surface state preparation method>
After sufficiently cooling, the resin layer is subsequently laminated.
This resin layer can be formed on the base layer by injection molding, extrusion molding or the like, but in the present invention, it is effective to form by applying a resin coating solution.
In the resin coating liquid, liquid resin or liquid elastomer, liquid rubber, rubber paint obtained by dissolving rubber in an organic solvent, or the like can be used. Here, a method of coating and forming on a base layer using a rubber paint in which rubber is dissolved in an organic solvent will be described. As the coating molding method, as with the base layer, existing coating methods such as spiral coating, die coating, and roll coating can be applied, but in order to improve uneven transferability, the thickness of the resin layer may be increased. As a coating method for forming a thick film, die coating and spiral coating are excellent. Here, the spiral coating will be described. While the base layer is rotated in the circumferential direction, rubber paint is continuously supplied by a round or wide nozzle, and the nozzle is moved in the axial direction of the base layer to coat the paint spirally on the base layer. The thickness of the resin layer is preferably 50 to 1000 μm, more preferably 250 to 650 μm, from the viewpoint of the ability to follow the paper asperities.

基層上に螺旋状に塗工された塗料は、所定の回転速度、乾燥温度を維持させることでレベリングされながら乾燥される。その後、自己支持性のある膜が形成された固化前の樹脂層に樹脂粒子を塗布する。
固化前の樹脂層とは塗膜中に溶媒が一部含有している状態を言う。
The paint applied spirally on the base layer is dried while being leveled by maintaining a predetermined rotation speed and drying temperature. Thereafter, resin particles are applied to the pre-solidified resin layer on which a self-supporting film is formed.
The resin layer before solidification means a state where a solvent is partially contained in the coating film.

固化前の樹脂層表面上に樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程について説明する。
中間転写体の樹脂層が固化前の状態で粒子供給を行うことで、樹脂層中に樹脂粒子を埋没させることが可能となる。樹脂粒子の供給は、樹脂粒子を荷電しエアースプレーする静電スプレー法や、加圧ローラ等を転がして粘着させる圧着法、ホッパー等により供給してもよいが、ブラシローラを用いる場合は、固化前の樹脂層にキズを付けないためと樹脂層表面との密着性を上げ確実な供給を実施するために、弾力性を持ったブラシ毛(例えばデュポンNY612等)を使用することが好ましい。そして、一般的なブラシローラの形成方法である芯金にブラシ毛を植毛したテープを螺旋状に巻きつけ固定する場合は、樹脂粒子供給量のムラを少なくするために、ブラシローラの回転方向が同じ場合には図11が示すようにブラシ植毛テープの螺旋を対向させるように2本のブラシローラを配置し、等速回転させることが好ましい。
また、ブラシローラへの樹脂粒子補給は図12で示すように、ブラシローラを埋没させるハウジングを設け、その内部を樹脂粒子にて充填させておくことが好ましい。
The process of supplying and adhering resin particles on the surface of the resin layer before solidification will be described.
By supplying the particles in a state before the resin layer of the intermediate transfer body is solidified, the resin particles can be buried in the resin layer. The resin particles may be supplied by an electrostatic spray method in which the resin particles are charged and air sprayed, a pressure bonding method in which a pressure roller or the like is rolled to adhere, a hopper, etc., but if a brush roller is used, the resin particles are solidified. In order to prevent the previous resin layer from being scratched and to increase the adhesion with the resin layer surface and to perform reliable supply, it is preferable to use elastic brush hair (for example, DuPont NY612). When a tape having brush bristles wound around a metal core, which is a general method of forming a brush roller, is wound around and fixed in a spiral manner, the rotation direction of the brush roller is set to reduce unevenness in the amount of resin particles supplied. In the same case, as shown in FIG. 11, it is preferable to arrange two brush rollers so that the spirals of the brush flocking tape face each other and rotate them at a constant speed.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the resin particles are replenished to the brush roller by providing a housing in which the brush roller is buried and filling the interior with resin particles.

供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦し、面方向に配列させ、埋没させる工程について説明する。
樹脂粒子を配列させ、埋没させる工程は、前記樹脂粒子を包接可能な繊維体を圧接触させることにより行なう。繊維体は樹脂粒子を包接することが可能な隙間と厚さを有し、かつ、樹脂粒子を押えつけ樹脂層表面に埋没させることが可能な弾力性を有する。このような繊維体で圧接し、摺擦すると、樹脂層表面に余剰に付着した樹脂粒子を除去でき、かつ繊維に付着した樹脂粒子は、図6に示すように、樹脂層に付着した樹脂粒子によって動かされ、コロの役割をするため、スムーズでかつ樹脂層表面を傷つけることなく樹脂粒子が配列し、さらに樹脂粒子が不足する箇所には、前記除去された樹脂粒子を供給でき、樹脂層表面に均一に配列した単一層の樹脂粒子層を形成でき、かつ一様に埋没させることができる。
図7に樹脂粒子を包接した繊維体の表面の状態を示す。余剰に付着した樹脂粒子が繊維に幾重にもまとわりつき、繊維間に樹脂粒子を保持できるが、繊維に直接接触していない樹脂粒子は、繊維による保持力が弱く脱落しやすいため、樹脂粒子が不足する箇所では樹脂層に移動すると考えられる。
The process of rubbing the supplied and adhered resin particles, arranging them in the surface direction, and burying them will be described.
The step of arranging and burying the resin particles is performed by bringing the fibrous body capable of enclosing the resin particles into pressure contact. The fibrous body has a gap and a thickness capable of enclosing the resin particles, and has elasticity that allows the resin particles to be pressed down and embedded in the surface of the resin layer. When pressed and rubbed with such a fibrous body, the resin particles excessively attached to the surface of the resin layer can be removed, and the resin particles attached to the fiber are resin particles attached to the resin layer as shown in FIG. Since the resin particles are arranged smoothly and without damaging the resin layer surface, the removed resin particles can be supplied to places where the resin particles are insufficient, and the resin layer surface It is possible to form a single-layered resin particle layer uniformly arranged in a uniform manner and to be buried uniformly.
FIG. 7 shows the state of the surface of the fibrous body enclosing the resin particles. Resin particles adhering excessively cling to the fibers and can hold the resin particles between the fibers, but resin particles that are not in direct contact with the fibers are weak in retention by the fibers and easily fall off, so there is insufficient resin particles It is thought that it moves to the resin layer at the place to do.

前記繊維体は、樹脂粒子を付着保持できるものであれば使用することができ、弾力性を有する不織布、起毛布やパフであることが好ましい。繊維体の繊維は、静電等により樹脂粒子を付着できるものが好ましく、リヨセル(登録商標)、ポリノジック、キュプラ、アセテート、レーヨンなどの再生繊維であることが好ましい。中でもリヨセル(登録商標)を70%以上含む繊維を好ましく使用できる。 The fibrous body can be used as long as it can adhere and hold resin particles, and is preferably a non-woven fabric, a raised cloth or a puff having elasticity. The fibers of the fibrous body are preferably those capable of adhering resin particles by electrostatic or the like, and are preferably regenerated fibers such as Lyocell (registered trademark), polynosic, cupra, acetate, rayon. Among these, fibers containing 70% or more of Lyocell (registered trademark) can be preferably used.

また、樹脂層の表面に形成する樹脂粒子としては球形であることが好ましく、材料としては特に問わないが、アクリル樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、フッ素樹脂、などの樹脂を主成分としてなる球形粒子が挙げられる。その中でも特にシリコーン樹脂を主成分としてなる球形粒子が望ましい。また、これらの樹脂材料からなる粒子の表面を異種材料で表面処理を施したものでもよい。球形樹脂粒子は真球に近いものほど好ましく、その粒径は、使用するトナーにもよるが、体積平均粒径が、0.5μm〜5.0μmであり、単分散粒子であることが望ましい。
ここで言う単分散粒子とは、単一粒子径の粒子という意味ではなく、粒度分布が極めてシャープなもののことを指し、上記のように±(平均粒径×0.5)μm以下の分布幅のものでよい。
Further, the resin particles formed on the surface of the resin layer are preferably spherical, and the material is not particularly limited, but a resin such as an acrylic resin, a melamine resin, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, a silicone resin, or a fluororesin is used. Examples include spherical particles as a main component. Among these, spherical particles mainly composed of a silicone resin are particularly desirable. Further, the surface of particles made of these resin materials may be subjected to a surface treatment with a different material. The spherical resin particles are preferably closer to true spheres, and the particle diameter thereof is preferably 0.5 μm to 5.0 μm and monodisperse particles although the particle diameter depends on the toner used.
The monodispersed particles here do not mean particles with a single particle size but refer to those with a very sharp particle size distribution, and as described above, a distribution width of ± (average particle size × 0.5) μm or less. Can be used.

樹脂粒子の樹脂層中への埋没率の調整は、前記繊維体の押圧力を加減することにより、容易に果たすことができる。流延塗工液の粘度、樹脂分含量率、溶剤の使用量、樹脂材質等にも依るが、例えば、流延塗工液の粘度100〜100000mPa・sにおいて、押圧力を、1mN/cm〜1000mN/cmの範囲とすることにより、前記50%<埋没率<100%を比較的容易に達成することができる。   Adjustment of the embedding rate of the resin particles in the resin layer can be easily achieved by adjusting the pressing force of the fibrous body. Depending on the viscosity of the casting coating solution, the resin content, the amount of solvent used, the resin material, etc., for example, when the casting coating solution has a viscosity of 100 to 100,000 mPa · s, the pressing force is 1 mN / cm to By setting the range to 1000 mN / cm, the above-mentioned 50% <buried ratio <100% can be achieved relatively easily.

樹脂層を固化させ、樹脂粒子を固着させる工程では、樹脂粒子を均一に配列かつ埋没させた中間転写体を、回転させながら所定温度、所定時間で加熱することにより、樹脂層を固化させ、樹脂粒子を固着させる。十分冷却後、金型から基層ごと脱離させ、所望の中間転写体体(シームレスベルト)を得ることができる。 In the step of solidifying the resin layer and fixing the resin particles, the resin layer is solidified by heating the intermediate transfer body in which the resin particles are uniformly arranged and embedded in a predetermined temperature and a predetermined time while rotating. Fix the particles. After sufficiently cooling, the entire base layer can be detached from the mold to obtain a desired intermediate transfer body (seamless belt).

本発明の電子写真用中間転写体の製造装置について、図8、9を例に説明する。表面に基層樹脂層が形成された金型(円筒状支持体)(1)は、図示しないリフターで前工程から運ばれ、中間転写体の製造装置の金型受けコロ(2)に搭載される。金型駆動ユニット(3)は、2個設けられており、金型の開口部両端部より金型の内側に挿入セットされ、金型(1)を回転させる。金型(1)の回転が始まると、回転する2つのブラシローラ(5)を有する粒子供給ユニット(4)は、図示しない付勢手段により上昇して金型表面に少なくとも金型一回転以上接触し、ブラシローラ(5)により金型全周に樹脂粒子を供給する。樹脂粒子の供給が終了すると粒子供給ユニット(4)は下降する。
繊維体(パフ)(6)を、回転モータ(7)により回転可能に軸支した配列ユニット(8)は、サイドにセットされるとともに図示しない付勢手段により、回転しながら金型表面を前進し、金型表面に接触し、金型の軸線に沿って金型の一端から他端に向かって(図9の矢印方向)繊維体(パフ)(6)が移動し樹脂粒子が配列されながら埋め込まれる。
回転する繊維体(6)の移動方向前方の回転方向と金型回転方向とをカウンター方向、つまり、図9の配列ユニットの繊維体(6)を反時計まわりに左手前から右奥方向に回転させ摺擦することが好ましい。繊維体(6)の移動方向前方の回転方向と金型回転方向とがカウンター方向であると、繊維体(6)の移動方向前方では、繊維の間に「粒子だまり」を作り、繊維体(6)の移動方向後方では、「粒子だまり」から樹脂粒子が供給され、より粒子付着を促進できる。
必ずしも必要ではないが、配列ユニット(8)が後進し回転が止まり、繊維体(6)を有する除去ユニット(9)が前進し、少なくとも金型一回転分以上、金型表面に接触し、クリーニングがされる(かき取られる)。
図8に示すように、金型回転方向を除去ユニット(9)の繊維体の下端から上端に向かうように回転させることで、パフと金型の間に溜まった粒子を落としやすくする。除去ユニットの繊維体(6)を回転させると前記溜まった樹脂粒子が浮遊するため、繊維体(6)は回転させないことが好ましい。
クリーニング終了後、除去ユニット(9)が後進し金型の回転が止まり、図示しないリフターにより次工程(加硫工程)へ運ばれる。
The apparatus for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. A mold (cylindrical support) (1) having a base resin layer formed on the surface is carried from a previous process by a lifter (not shown) and mounted on a mold receiving roller (2) of an intermediate transfer body manufacturing apparatus. . Two mold drive units (3) are provided, are inserted and set inside the mold from both ends of the mold opening, and rotate the mold (1). When the rotation of the mold (1) starts, the particle supply unit (4) having two rotating brush rollers (5) is lifted by an urging means (not shown) and comes into contact with the mold surface for at least one rotation of the mold. Then, the resin particles are supplied to the entire circumference of the mold by the brush roller (5). When the supply of the resin particles is completed, the particle supply unit (4) is lowered.
The array unit (8), in which the fiber body (puff) (6) is rotatably supported by the rotary motor (7), is set on the side and is advanced by the urging means (not shown) while being rotated on the mold surface. Then, the fibrous body (puff) (6) moves along the axis of the mold from one end of the mold toward the other end (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 9) and the resin particles are arranged. Embedded.
The rotating direction of the rotating fiber body (6) is the counter direction, that is, the fiber body (6) of the arrangement unit in FIG. 9 is rotated counterclockwise from the left front to the right back direction. It is preferable to rub and rub. If the rotational direction ahead of the moving direction of the fibrous body (6) and the rotational direction of the mold are counter directions, a “particle pool” is formed between the fibers in the forward direction of moving of the fibrous body (6), and the fibrous body ( In the rear of the moving direction of 6), resin particles are supplied from the “particle pool”, and particle adhesion can be further promoted.
Although not necessarily required, the arrangement unit (8) moves backward and stops rotating, the removal unit (9) having the fibrous body (6) moves forward, contacts the mold surface for at least one rotation of the mold, and is cleaned. Is scraped.
As shown in FIG. 8, by rotating the mold rotating direction from the lower end of the fibrous body of the removal unit (9) toward the upper end, the particles accumulated between the puff and the mold can be easily dropped. When the fiber body (6) of the removal unit is rotated, the accumulated resin particles are floated. Therefore, the fiber body (6) is preferably not rotated.
After completion of the cleaning, the removal unit (9) moves backward to stop the rotation of the mold and is carried to the next process (vulcanization process) by a lifter (not shown).

前記配列ユニット(8)の繊維体(パフ)について説明する。
繊維体(パフ)は、図10に示すように、保持具(21)、弾性体(22)および再生繊維(23)からなり、弾性体(22)の一面全体を覆うように再生繊維(23)で包み、保持具(21)に貼合されている。
弾性体をドーナッツ形状にし、再生繊維(23)と共に中央を保持具(21)に固定することで、繊維体パフの回転摺動で起こる繊維のよれを防止でき、耐久性を向上できる。
前記弾性体(22)は、ゴム硬度が25度以下であることが望ましく、特に5度以下であることがより望ましい。
The fiber body (puff) of the arrangement unit (8) will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10, the fibrous body (puff) includes a holder (21), an elastic body (22), and a regenerated fiber (23), and the regenerated fiber (23) covers the entire surface of the elastic body (22). ) And is bonded to the holder (21).
By making the elastic body into a donut shape and fixing the center together with the regenerated fiber (23) to the holder (21), it is possible to prevent warping of the fiber caused by rotational sliding of the fiber body puff and improve durability.
The elastic body (22) preferably has a rubber hardness of 25 degrees or less, and more preferably 5 degrees or less.

除去ユニット(9)は、配列ユニットと同様のものであってもよいが、再生繊維さえ使用していれば形状はどのような形でもよく、配列ユニットのパフのように弾性体を挟まず、繊維のみであってもよい。
The removal unit (9) may be the same as the arrangement unit, but any shape may be used as long as regenerated fibers are used, and an elastic body is not sandwiched like a puff of the arrangement unit. Only fiber may be sufficient.

以下、実施例に基づいて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は、これら実施例によって制限されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない限りこれらの実施例を適宜改変したものも本件の発明の範囲内である。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples. However, the present invention is not limited by these examples, and these examples are appropriately modified without departing from the gist of the present invention. Is also within the scope of the present invention.

[実施例1]
下記により基層用塗工液を調製し、この塗工液を用いて中間転写体基層を製造した。
<基層用塗工液の調製>
先ず、ポリイミド樹脂前駆体を主成分とするポリイミドワニス(U−ワニスA;宇部興産社製)に、予めビーズミルにてN−メチル−2−ピロリドン中に分散させたカーボンブラック(SpecialBlack4;エボニックデグサ社製)の分散液を、カーボンブラック含有率がポリアミック酸固形分の17重量%になるように調合し、よく攪拌混合して基層用塗工液Aを調製した。
[Example 1]
A base layer coating solution was prepared as follows, and an intermediate transfer member base layer was produced using this coating solution.
<Preparation of base layer coating solution>
First, carbon black (Special Black 4; Evonik Degussa Co., Ltd.) dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone with a bead mill in advance in a polyimide varnish (U-Varnish A; manufactured by Ube Industries) containing a polyimide resin precursor as a main component. The base layer coating solution A was prepared by preparing a dispersion of (manufactured) so that the carbon black content was 17% by weight of the polyamic acid solid content and stirring and mixing well.

<中間転写体の製造>
次に、外径340mm、長さ360mmの外面をブラスト処理にて粗面化した金属製の円筒状支持体を型として用い、ロールコート塗工装置に取り付けた。
次に、基層用塗工液Aをパンに流し込み、塗布ローラの回転速度40rpmで塗料を汲み上げ、規制ローラと塗布ローラのギャップを0.6mmとして、塗布ローラ上の塗料厚みを制御した。 円筒状支持体の回転速度を35rpmに制御して塗布ローラに近づけ、塗布ローラとのギャップ0.4mmとして塗布ローラ上の塗料を均一に円筒状支持体上に転写塗布した後、回転を維持しながら熱風循環乾燥機に投入して、110℃まで徐々に昇温して30分加熱、 さらに昇温して200℃で30分加熱し、回転を停止した。その後、これを高温処理の可能な加熱炉(焼成炉)に導入し、段階的に320℃まで昇温して60分加熱処理(焼成)した。
<Manufacture of intermediate transfer member>
Next, a metal cylindrical support whose outer surface having an outer diameter of 340 mm and a length of 360 mm was roughened by blasting was used as a mold and attached to a roll coater.
Next, the coating liquid A for base layer was poured into the pan, the paint was pumped up at a rotation speed of the application roller of 40 rpm, and the thickness of the paint on the application roller was controlled by setting the gap between the regulating roller and the application roller to 0.6 mm. The rotational speed of the cylindrical support is controlled to 35 rpm and close to the application roller. The coating on the application roller is uniformly transferred onto the cylindrical support with a gap of 0.4 mm from the application roller, and then the rotation is maintained. Then, it was put into a hot air circulating dryer, heated gradually to 110 ° C. and heated for 30 minutes, further heated and heated at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the rotation was stopped. Then, this was introduced into a heating furnace (firing furnace) capable of high temperature treatment, and the temperature was raised stepwise to 320 ° C., followed by heat treatment (firing) for 60 minutes.

<基層上への弾性層の作製>
下記に示す各構成材料を混合し、2軸混練機を用いて、十分に混練することでゴム組成物を作成した。
<樹脂層構成材料>
・アクリルゴム ニポールAR12(日本ゼオン株式会社) 100重量部
・ステアリン酸 ビーズステアリン酸つばき(日油株式会社) 1重量部
・赤リン ノーバエクセル140F(燐化学工業株式会社) 10重量部
・水酸化アルミニウム ハイジライトH42M(昭和電工株式会社) 60重量部
・架橋剤 Diak.No1(ヘキサメチレンジアミンカーバメイト)
(デュポン ダウ エラストマージャパン) 0.6重量部
・ 架橋促進剤 VULCOFAC ACT55
(70%1,8-ジアザビシクロ(5,4,0)ウンデセン-7と二塩基酸との塩、30%アモルファスシリカ)(Safic alca社) 1重量部
・ 導電剤 QAP−01(過塩素酸テトラブチルアンモニウム)
(日本カーリット株式会社) 0.3重量部
次いで、このようにして得られたゴム組成物を有機溶剤(MIBK:メチルイソブチルケトン)に溶かして固形分35wt%のゴム溶液を作製した。この作製したゴム溶液を先に作製したポリイミド基層が形成された円筒状支持体を回転させながらポリイミド基層上に、ノズルよりゴム塗料を連続的に吐出しながら支持体の軸方法に移動させ螺旋状に塗工した。塗布量としては最終的な膜厚が500μmになるような液量の条件とした。
所定の全量を流し終えて塗膜がまんべんなく広がった時点で、ゴム塗料が塗工された円筒状支持体をそのまま回転しながら熱風循環乾燥機に投入して、昇温速度4℃/分で90℃まで昇温して30分加熱し、自己支持性のある固化前の弾性層を形成した。
<Production of elastic layer on base layer>
The respective constituent materials shown below were mixed and sufficiently kneaded using a biaxial kneader to prepare a rubber composition.
<Resin layer constituent material>
・ Acrylic rubber Nipol AR12 (Nippon ZEON Co., Ltd.) 100 parts by weight ・ Stearic acid Beads stearic acid Tsubaki (NOF Corporation) 1 part by weight ・ Red phosphorus Nova Excel 140F (Rin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 10 parts by weight ・ Aluminum hydroxide Heidilite H42M (Showa Denko Co., Ltd.) 60 parts by weight / crosslinking agent Diak. No1 (hexamethylenediamine carbamate)
(DuPont Dow Elastomer Japan) 0.6 parts by weight Crosslinking accelerator VULCOFAC ACT55
(70% 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) undecene-7 salt with dibasic acid, 30% amorphous silica) (Safic alca) 1 part by weight Conductive agent QAP-01 (tetrachloric acid tetra Butyl ammonium)
(Nippon Carlit Co., Ltd.) 0.3 parts by weight The rubber composition thus obtained was dissolved in an organic solvent (MIBK: methyl isobutyl ketone) to prepare a rubber solution having a solid content of 35 wt%. While rotating the cylindrical support on which the prepared polyimide base layer was formed, the prepared rubber solution was moved to the support axis method while continuously discharging rubber paint from the nozzle onto the polyimide base layer. Coated. The coating amount was such that the final film thickness was 500 μm.
When the predetermined amount has been completely poured and the coating film has spread evenly, the cylindrical support coated with the rubber paint is put into a hot air circulating dryer while rotating as it is, and the temperature rise rate is 4 ° C./min. The temperature was raised to 0 ° C. and heated for 30 minutes to form a self-supporting elastic layer before solidification.

<粒子層の作製>
次いで、図11、12に示す粒子供給ユニットを用い、円筒状支持体の回転数を10rpm、粒子供給のためのブラシローラの回転数を100rpmとし、ブラシが円筒状支持体2回転接触する条件で、ゴム塗料が固化前の状態の円筒状支持体に球形樹脂粒子として、シリコーン樹脂粒子(トスパール130(体積平均粒子径3.0μm品);モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ)を円筒状支持体全周に供給した。
次いで、図8、9の装置を用い、ドーナッツ形状の弾性体に再生繊維の不織布(リヨセル(登録商標))で包み込んだ繊維体(パフ)が円筒状支持体に200rpmで回転しながら接触し、円筒状支持体の軸線に沿って一端から他端に向かって繊維体が2mm/secの速度で円筒状支持体を摺擦しながら移動し、樹脂粒子を面方向に均一に配列・埋没させ樹脂粒子層を形成した。
<Preparation of particle layer>
Next, using the particle supply unit shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the rotational speed of the cylindrical support is 10 rpm, the rotational speed of the brush roller for supplying particles is 100 rpm, and the brush is in contact with the cylindrical support 2 times. , Silicone resin particles (Tospearl 130 (volume average particle size 3.0 μm product); Momentive Performance Materials) as a spherical resin particle on the cylindrical support in a state before the rubber coating is solidified. Supplied to.
Next, using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, a fiber body (puff) wrapped with a recycled fiber nonwoven fabric (Lyocell (registered trademark)) in a donut-shaped elastic body is in contact with a cylindrical support while rotating at 200 rpm, The fiber body moves while rubbing the cylindrical support body at a speed of 2 mm / sec from one end to the other end along the axis of the cylindrical support body, and the resin particles are arranged and buried uniformly in the surface direction. A particle layer was formed.

ベルト表面全面の処理を終えた後、昇温速度4℃/分で170℃まで昇温して60分加熱処理した。加熱を停止した後、常温まで徐冷した。十分冷却後、金型から取り外し、中間転写体Aを得た。 After finishing the entire belt surface, the temperature was raised to 170 ° C. at a rate of temperature rise of 4 ° C./min and heat-treated for 60 minutes. After stopping the heating, it was gradually cooled to room temperature. After sufficiently cooling, it was removed from the mold to obtain an intermediate transfer member A.

[実施例2]
実施例1における球状樹脂粒子を、シリコーン樹脂粒子(トスパール120(体積平均粒子径2.0μm品)に代えた他は同じとして、中間転写体Bを得た。
[Example 2]
An intermediate transfer member B was obtained in the same manner except that the spherical resin particles in Example 1 were replaced with silicone resin particles (Tospearl 120 (volume average particle diameter 2.0 μm product)).

[比較例1]
実施例1における粒子層の作製において、円筒形状支持体全周に樹脂粒子を供給させたあと、円筒状ゴムローラを円筒形状支持体の軸方向に圧接触させ樹脂粒子を配列・埋没させた他は同じとして、中間転写体Cを得た。
[Comparative Example 1]
In the preparation of the particle layer in Example 1, resin particles were supplied to the entire circumference of the cylindrical support, and then the cylindrical rubber roller was pressed in the axial direction of the cylindrical support to arrange and bury the resin particles. In the same manner, an intermediate transfer member C was obtained.

[比較例2]
実施例1における再生繊維の不織布を、合成繊維(ポリエステル)の平織布に代えた他は同じとして、中間転写体Dを得た。
[Comparative Example 2]
An intermediate transfer member D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the recycled fiber nonwoven fabric was replaced with a synthetic fiber (polyester) plain weave fabric.

[比較例3]
実施例1における粒子供給のためのブラシローラを、圧着空気により球状樹脂粒子を投射するエアーブラストに代え、繊維体で摺擦しない他は同じとして、中間転写体Eを得た。
[Comparative Example 3]
An intermediate transfer member E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the brush roller for supplying particles was replaced with air blasting in which spherical resin particles were projected by compressed air, except that it was not rubbed with a fibrous body.

上記各実施例1、2、比較例1〜3の中間転写体A〜Eに対し、以下に示す評価を実施した。
<ベルト表面粒子面積率の測定>
各ベルトの表面を走査電子顕微鏡にて観察し、その画像を画像処理ソフト(Image−proplus;cyber netics社)を用いて画像を2値化し、弾性体の露出部分と粒子の露出部分の投影面積率を算出した。
The following evaluations were performed on the intermediate transfer members A to E of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 described above.
<Measurement of belt surface particle area ratio>
The surface of each belt is observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the image is binarized using image processing software (Image-plus; cyber-netics), and the projected area of the exposed portion of the elastic body and the exposed portion of the particle The rate was calculated.

さらに、上記各実施例、比較例の中間転写体を、電子写真装置に搭載し、以下の各種評価を実施した。
<転写率の測定>
転写紙として、表面に凹凸模様を施してある紙(連量215kg紙レザック紙)を用い、これに、青色のベタ画像を出力する操作を実施し、紙に転写する前の中間転写ベルト上の画像トナー量と紙に転写した後に中間転写ベルト上に残ったトナー量を計測し、転写率を算出した。
Furthermore, the intermediate transfer members of the above Examples and Comparative Examples were mounted on an electrophotographic apparatus, and the following various evaluations were performed.
<Measurement of transfer rate>
As the transfer paper, a paper having a concavo-convex pattern on the surface (continuous amount 215 kg paper, rezac paper) is used, and an operation for outputting a blue solid image is performed on the paper, on the intermediate transfer belt before being transferred to the paper The amount of image toner and the amount of toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt after being transferred to paper were measured, and the transfer rate was calculated.

Figure 2012155168
Figure 2012155168

結果は、下表1の通りであった。 The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Figure 2012155168

実施例1及び2については優れた性能を発揮した。
円筒状ゴムローラを用いて樹脂粒子を配列・埋没した比較例1では、一方向のみの不均一な粒子配列になり、表面の凹凸形状の間隔がばらついている。そのため面方向に均一に配列されている実施例1、2に比べ転写率が劣った。
合成繊維(ポリエステル)の平織布で包み込んだ繊維体で円筒状支持体を摺擦した比較例2では、前記合成繊維が樹脂粒子を保持できず、摺擦の際にゴム表面を傷つけ、樹脂粒子を剥がしてしまい均一な粒子層を形成することができなかった。
圧着空気により樹脂粒子を投射するエアーブラストを用いた比較例3では、樹脂粒子を均一に配列させることができず、粒子が弾性体を完全に覆っていない状態となっている。そのため、弾性体が露出している部分へのトナー固着やクリーニング不良などの不具合が発生した。
Figure 2012155168

Examples 1 and 2 exhibited excellent performance.
In Comparative Example 1 in which the resin particles are arranged and buried using a cylindrical rubber roller, the particle arrangement is uneven in only one direction, and the unevenness of the surface is varied. Therefore, the transfer rate was inferior compared to Examples 1 and 2 that were uniformly arranged in the surface direction.
In Comparative Example 2 in which the cylindrical support was rubbed with a fibrous body wrapped in a plain woven fabric of synthetic fiber (polyester), the synthetic fiber could not hold the resin particles, and the rubber surface was damaged during the rubbing. The particles were peeled off and a uniform particle layer could not be formed.
In Comparative Example 3 using the air blast for projecting the resin particles by the compressed air, the resin particles cannot be uniformly arranged, and the particles do not completely cover the elastic body. As a result, problems such as toner sticking to a portion where the elastic body is exposed and poor cleaning occur.

以上、本発明の製造方法を用いることで、電子写真用中間転写体の表面に樹脂粒子を面方向に均一に配列し、かつ前記樹脂粒子が脱落せず、表面の凹凸形状の高さ及び間隔が均一な電子写真用中間転写体を提供することができる。
As described above, by using the manufacturing method of the present invention, the resin particles are uniformly arranged in the surface direction on the surface of the electrophotographic intermediate transfer member, and the resin particles do not fall off, and the height and spacing of the uneven shape on the surface. Can provide a uniform intermediate transfer member for electrophotography.

1 金型
2 金型受けコロ
3 金型駆動ユニット
4 粒子供給ユニット
5 ブラシローラ
6 繊維体(パフ)
7 回転モータ
8 配列ユニット
9 除去ユニット
11 樹脂粒子
12 樹脂層
13 基層
21 保持具
22 弾性体
23 再生繊維
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Mold 2 Mold receiving roller 3 Mold drive unit 4 Particle supply unit 5 Brush roller 6 Fiber body (puff)
7 Rotating motor 8 Arrangement unit 9 Removal unit 11 Resin particle 12 Resin layer 13 Base layer 21 Holder 22 Elastic body 23 Recycled fiber

特開平7−234592号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-234592 特開平11−216407号公報JP-A-11-216407

Claims (11)

少なくとも樹脂層の表面に樹脂粒子が埋め込まれ、該樹脂粒子によって凹凸形状を形成している電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法であって、(1)固化前の樹脂層表面上に樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程、(2)該供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦し、面方向に配列させ、埋没させる工程、(3)前記樹脂層を固化させ、樹脂粒子を固着させる工程を具備し、前記(2)の樹脂粒子を配列・埋没させる工程は、前記樹脂粒子を包接可能な繊維体を圧接触させ、供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦したものであることを特徴とする電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。   A method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member in which resin particles are embedded at least on the surface of a resin layer, and an uneven shape is formed by the resin particles, comprising: (1) resin particles on a resin layer surface before solidification A step of supplying and adhering, (2) a step of rubbing the resin particles supplied and adhering, arranging them in the surface direction and burying them, and (3) a step of solidifying the resin layer and fixing the resin particles. The step (2) of arranging and burying the resin particles is characterized in that the fiber particles capable of enclosing the resin particles are brought into pressure contact and the supplied and adhered resin particles are rubbed. A method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member. 前記繊維体は再生繊維の不織布、起毛布等の弾力性を有する布、または合成繊維のパフであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。 2. The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to claim 1, wherein the fibrous body is a non-woven fabric of recycled fibers, a cloth having elasticity such as a raised cloth, or a puff of synthetic fibers. 前記繊維体は、中心をくり貫いたドーナッツ形状の弾性体を、前記再生繊維の不織布で包み込んだものであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。 3. The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to claim 2, wherein the fibrous body is obtained by wrapping a donut-shaped elastic body cut through the center with a nonwoven fabric of the regenerated fiber. 前記(2)の配列・埋没させる工程は、前記繊維体で複数回摺擦し、余剰に付着した樹脂粒子の除去及び/または不足する樹脂粒子を供給するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。   The step (2) of arranging and burying is characterized in that the fiber body is rubbed a plurality of times to remove excessively attached resin particles and / or supply insufficient resin particles. A method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to any one of 1 to 3. 前記(1)の樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程は、ブラシを用いて樹脂粒子を供給するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。   5. The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of supplying and adhering the resin particles is to supply resin particles using a brush. . 前記樹脂粒子は、平均粒子径が0.5〜5.0μmである単分散粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。 6. The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to claim 1, wherein the resin particles are monodisperse particles having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 5.0 [mu] m. 前記樹脂粒子は、シリコーン樹脂粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。 7. The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to claim 1, wherein the resin particles are silicone resin particles. 前記樹脂層は、弾性を有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。 The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the resin layer has elasticity. 前記樹脂層は、熱硬化性エラストマー、もしくはゴム材料であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれかに電子写真用中間転写体の製造方法。 9. The method for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer member according to claim 1, wherein the resin layer is a thermosetting elastomer or a rubber material. 金型、粒子供給手段、及び粒子配列手段を有する電子写真用中間転写体の製造装置であって、前記粒子供給手段は、金型上の中間転写体に粒子を供給するものであり、前記粒子配列手段は、粒子を包接可能な繊維体を有し、中間転写体に供給された粒子に前記繊維体を圧接触させ、摺擦するものであることを特徴とする電子写真用中間転写体の製造装置。   An apparatus for producing an electrophotographic intermediate transfer body having a mold, a particle supply means, and a particle arrangement means, wherein the particle supply means supplies particles to an intermediate transfer body on a mold, and the particles The electrophotographic intermediate transfer body, characterized in that the arraying means has a fibrous body capable of enclosing particles, and the fibrous body is brought into pressure contact with the particles supplied to the intermediate transfer body and rubbed. Manufacturing equipment. 少なくとも樹脂層の表面に樹脂粒子が埋め込まれ、該樹脂粒子によって凹凸形状を形成している電子写真用中間転写体あって、(1)固化前の樹脂層表面上に樹脂粒子を供給・付着させる工程、(2)該供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦し、面方向に配列・埋没させる工程、(3)前記樹脂層を固化させ、樹脂粒子を固着させる工程により作製されたものであり、前記(2)の樹脂粒子を配列・埋没させる工程は、前記樹脂粒子を包接可能な繊維体を圧接触させ、供給・付着された樹脂粒子を摺擦したものであることを特徴とする電子写真用中間転写体。   There is an electrophotographic intermediate transfer body in which resin particles are embedded at least on the surface of a resin layer, and an uneven shape is formed by the resin particles. (1) Supply and adhere resin particles on the surface of the resin layer before solidification A step, (2) a step of rubbing the supplied and adhered resin particles to arrange and bury them in the surface direction, and (3) a step of solidifying the resin layer and fixing the resin particles. The step (2) of arranging and burying the resin particles is characterized in that the fiber particles capable of enclosing the resin particles are brought into pressure contact and the supplied and adhered resin particles are rubbed. Intermediate transfer member for electrophotography.
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2684632A1 (en) 2012-07-11 2014-01-15 Makita Corporation Cutting tools

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JPH09281813A (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-31 Hitachi Ltd Image forming device
JP2004354716A (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-16 Hitachi Printing Solutions Ltd Color image forming apparatus
JP2007328165A (en) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-20 Bridgestone Corp Conductive endless belt
JP2009075154A (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-04-09 Bridgestone Corp Conductive endless belt
JP2010076205A (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-04-08 Canon Inc Method of manufacturing conductive roller, conductive roller, charged roller, and electrophotographic device

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09230717A (en) * 1996-02-09 1997-09-05 Eastman Kodak Co Intermediate transfer of small toner particle
JPH09281813A (en) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-31 Hitachi Ltd Image forming device
JP2004354716A (en) * 2003-05-29 2004-12-16 Hitachi Printing Solutions Ltd Color image forming apparatus
JP2007328165A (en) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-20 Bridgestone Corp Conductive endless belt
JP2009075154A (en) * 2007-09-18 2009-04-09 Bridgestone Corp Conductive endless belt
JP2010076205A (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-04-08 Canon Inc Method of manufacturing conductive roller, conductive roller, charged roller, and electrophotographic device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2684632A1 (en) 2012-07-11 2014-01-15 Makita Corporation Cutting tools

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